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Journal articles on the topic 'Collisions ion-ion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 November 2024

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1

Barghouthi, I. A., A. R. Barakat, and R. W. Schunk. "A Monte Carlo simulation of the effect of ion self-collisions on the ion velocity distribution function in the high-latitude F-region." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 10/11 (August 31, 1994): 1076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1076-2.

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Abstract. Non-Maxwellian ion velocity distribution functions have been theoretically predicted and confirmed by observations, to occur at high latitudes. These distributions deviate from Maxwellian due to the combined effect of the E×B drift and ion-neutral collisions. The majority of previous literature, in which the effect of ion self-collisions was neglected, established a clear picture for the ion distribution under a wide range of conditions. At high altitudes and/or for solar maximum conditions, the ion-to-neutral density ratio increases and, hence, the role of ion self-collisions becomes appreciable. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the behaviour of O+ ions that are E×B-drifting through a background of neutral O, with the effect of O+ (Coulomb) self-collisions included. Wide ranges of the ion-to-neutral density ratio ni/nn and the electrostatic field E were considered in order to investigate the change of ion behaviour with solar cycle and with altitude. For low altitudes and/or solar minimum (ni/nn≤ 10-5), the effect of self-collisions is negligible. For higher values of ni/nn, the effect of self-collisions becomes significant and, hence, the non-Maxwellian features of the O+ distribution are reduced. For example, the parallel temperature Ti\\Vert increases, the perpendicular temperature Ti&bottom; decreases, the temperature anisotropy approaches unity and the toroidal features of the ion distribution function become less pronounced. Also, as E increases, the ion-neutral collision rate increases, while the ion-ion collision rate decreases. Therefore, the effect of ion self-collisions is reduced. Finally, the Monte Carlo results were compared to those that used simplified collision models in order to assess their validity. In general, the simple collision models tend to be more accurate for low E and for high ni/nn.

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2

Baty, Austin. "Overview of recent CMS results." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429601002.

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Recent results from the CMS Collaboration are presented. These measurements include a full physics program using ultraperipheral collisions such as photon-photon and photon-ion interactions, small collision systems including proton-proton and proton-lead collisions, and many measurements of hadronic ion-ion collisions. The properties of the quark-gluon plasma produced in ion-ion collisions are studied in detail. The measurements examine the number of degrees of freedom of the medium, the strength of jet quenching effects in the medium, the role of heavy flavor in hadronization processes, and more.

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3

Mowat, J. Richard. "Ion-Ion Collisions and Ion Storage Rings." Physica Scripta T22 (January 1, 1988): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1988/t22/026.

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4

Liu, Qingjun, Weiqin Zhao, Fang Liu, Ningming Nie, and Chunbao Zhou. "GPU-Accelerated Parton Cascade in Heavy-Ion Collisions." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 8, no. 6 (December 2016): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2016.v8.1086.

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5

BRÄUNING, H., A. DIEHL, K. v. DIEMAR, A. THEIß, R. TRASSL, E. SALZBORN, and I. HOFMANN. "Charge-changing ion–ion collisions in heavy ion fusion." Laser and Particle Beams 20, no. 3 (July 2002): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602203262.

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In heavy ion fusion, the compression of the DT pellet requires high intensity beams of ions in the gigaelectron volt energy range. Charge-changing collisions due to intrabeam scattering can have a high impact on the design of adequate accelerator and storage rings. Not only do intensity losses have to be taken into account, but also the deposition of energy on the beam lines after bending magnets, for example, may be nonnegligible. The center-of-mass energy for these intrabeam collisions is typically in the kiloelectron volt range for beam energies in the order of several gigaelectron volts. In this article, we present experimental cross sections for charge transfer and ionization in homonuclear collisions of Ar4+, Kr4+, and Xe4+, and for charge transfer only in homonuclear collisions of Pb4+ and Bi4+. Using a hypothetical 100-Tm synchrotron as an example, expected particle losses are calculated based on the experimental data. The results are compared with expectations for singly charged Bi+ ions, which are usually considered for heavy ion fusion.

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6

Xie, Zhuoxuan, and Ruilin Han. "Flavor-dependent photoproduction in heavy-ion collisions." Communications in Theoretical Physics 73, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 125301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ac3231.

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Abstract Strong electromagnetic fields produced in the non-central heavy-ion collisions can induce vector meson photoproduction. In this paper, we study the photoproduction J/ψ and ϕ mesons in the relativistic heavy-ion collision from ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions to peripheral hadronic heavy ion collisions. And then include both initial hadronic production and thermal production in quark-gluon plasma (QGP). We find, for the charm anti-charm bound state J/ψ, the photoproduced J/ψs are mainly in the very low momentum region and clearly exceed the hadronic production. However, considering the thermal production of strange quark anti-quark pairs in QGP produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the photoproduced ϕ is usually smaller than the thermal production and only evident at very peripheral collisions as even their photoproduction is much larger than J/ψ.

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7

Bailhache, Raphaelle. "Electromagnetic probes in heavy-ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429601022.

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Electromagnetic probes such as photons and dileptons (l+l−) are a unique tool to study the space-time evolution of the hot and dense matter created in heavy-ion collisions, since they are emitted at all stages of the collision with negligible final-state interactions. In this article, the latest results on soft photon (real and virtual) production in heavy-ion collisions are presented.

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8

Chidichimo, M. C., D. W. Schranz, and B. Zygelman. "Fast inelastic ion-ion, ion-electron, and ion-positron collisions." Physical Review A 48, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 4245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.48.4245.

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9

Bräuning, H., A. Diehl, R. Trassl, A. Theiß, E. Salzborn, A. A. Narits, and L. P. Presnyakov. "Ion–Ion Collisions Involving Fullerene Ions." Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 12, no. 1-2 (January 2, 2005): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/fst-120027210.

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10

Wei, X. S., W. H. Wang, Z. Lin, G. J. Choi, S. Dettrick, C. Lau, P. F. Liu, and T. Tajima. "Effects of zonal flows on ion temperature gradient instability in the scrape-off layer of a field-reversed configuration." Nuclear Fusion 61, no. 12 (November 10, 2021): 126039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac3023.

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Abstract Gyrokinetic simulations of long wavelength ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) find that zonal flows are nonlinearly generated and are the dominant mechanism for the nonlinear saturation of the ITG instability. After the ITG saturation, zonal flows remain undamped and gradually suppress the turbulent transport to a very low level. In the simulations with collisions, collisional damping gradually reduces zonal flow amplitude to a lower level, which allows finite ITG turbulence intensity and ion heat transport in the SOL. The steady state turbulence intensity and ion heat transport are found to be proportional to the collision frequency. This favorable scaling suggests that minimizing collisions (e.g. increasing temperature, reducing impurity content, etc) and preserving toroidal symmetry could improve plasma confinement in the FRC.

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11

ROSENBERG, M. "A note on ion–dust streaming instability in a collisional dusty plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 67, no. 4 (May 2002): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377802001678.

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This note investigates an ion-dust streaming instability with frequency ω less than the dust collision frequency νd, in an unmagnetized collisional dusty plasma. Under certain conditions, a resistive instability can be excited by an ion drift on the order of the ion thermal speed, even when the dust acoustic wave is heavily damped. The effect of weak collisions on the usual dust acoustic instability in the regime ω > νd is also considered. Applications to experimental observations of low-frequency fluctuations in laboratory d.c. glow discharge dusty plasmas are discussed.

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12

Shen, Chun. "Dynamic modeling for heavy-ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225902001.

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Recent theory progress in (3+1)D dynamical descriptions of relativistic nuclear collisions at finite baryon density are reviewed. Heavy-ion collisions at different collision energies produce strongly coupled nuclear matter to probe the phase structure of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Dynamical frameworks serve as a quantitative tool to study properties of hot QCD matter and map collisions to the QCD phase diagram. Outstanding challenges are highlighted when confronting theoretical models with the current and forthcoming experimental measurements from the RHIC beam energy scan program.

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13

Shen, Chun, Wenbin Zhao, and Björn Schenke. "Collectivity in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327601002.

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We present full (3+1 )D dynamical simulations to study collective behavior in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the 3DGlauber+MUSIC+UrQMD framework [1, 2]. By extrapolating from asymmetric p+Pb collisions, we simulate a quasi-real photon γ* interacting with the Pb nucleus in an ultra-peripheral collision at the LHC, assuming strong final-state effects. We study the elliptic flow hierarchy between p+Pb and γ*+Pb collisions, which is dominated by the difference in longitudinal flow decorrelations. Our theoretical framework provides a quantitative tool to study collectivity in small asymmetric collision systems at current and future collider experiments.

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14

Yang, Jing, Yan-Yu Ren, and Wei-Ning Zhang. "Pion Transverse Momentum Spectrum, Elliptic Flow, and Interferometry in the Granular Source Model for RHIC and LHC Heavy Ion Collisions." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/846154.

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We systematically investigate the pion transverse momentum spectrum, elliptic flow, and Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) interferometry in the granular source model for the heavy ion collisions of Au-Au atsNN=200 GeV and Pb-Pb atsNN=2.76 TeV with different centralities. The granular source model can well reproduce the experimental results of the heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We examine the parameters involved in the granular source model. The experimental data of the momentum spectrum, elliptic flow, and HBT radii for the two collision energies and different centralities impose very strict constraints on the model parameters. They exhibit certain regularities for collision centrality and energy. The space-time structure and expansion velocities of the granular sources for the heavy ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC energies with different centralities are investigated.

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15

Child, M. S., R. Pfeiffer, and M. Baer. "Ion-molecule collisions." Molecular Physics 57, no. 5 (April 10, 1986): 957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268978600100701.

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16

Gupta, Sourendu. "Heavy-ion collisions." Pramana 51, no. 1-2 (July 1998): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02827478.

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17

Chidichimo, M. C., D. W. Schranz, and B. Zygelman. "Erratum: Fast inelastic ion-ion, ion-electron, and ion-positron collisions." Physical Review A 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 5158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.49.5158.2.

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18

Dunn, G. H. "Ion-electron and ion-neutral collisions in ion traps." Physica Scripta T59 (January 1, 1995): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1995/t59/034.

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19

Mohammed, A. I., and C. S. Adams. "Ion shock layer formation during multi-ion-species plasma jet stagnation events." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 7 (July 2022): 072307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087509.

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We report the characteristics of collisional plasma shocks formed during interactions between low density ([Formula: see text] cm−3), low temperature ([Formula: see text] eV), high velocity (30 km s−1), plasma jets and stagnant plasma of similar parameters. This investigation seeks to probe the structure of shocks in multi-ion-species plasmas, in particular, the presence of gradient-driven ion species separation at the shock front. The railgun-accelerated jets utilized here have previously been shown to exist in a collisional regime with intra-jet collisional mean-free-path substantially smaller than jet size [Schneider et al., Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29, 045013 (2020)]. To induce collisions, a dielectric barrier is located downstream of the railgun to stagnate an initially supersonic plasma jet. Around the time of stagnation, the railgun emits a second jet which shortly collides with the stagnant plasma. The presence of a structure emitting in the UV-visible band is evident in high-speed photographs of the moments immediately following the arrival of the second jet at the stagnant plasma. Analysis of interferometric and spectroscopic data suggests that the observed increase in density from the jet to the post-collision plasma is consistent with the formation of a bow shock structure with a multi-millimeter-scale ion shock layer.

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20

Denpoh, Kazuki, and Kenichi Nanbu. "Comprehensive ion-molecule reactive collision model for processing plasmas." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40, no. 6 (December 2022): 063007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002098.

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The ion-molecule collision model for endothermic reactions created by Denpoh and Nanbu, which is the so-called “Denpoh–Nanbu theory (DNT),” has been extended to exothermic reactions. In addition to short-range charge exchanges between ions and molecules, a long-range charge exchange has been incorporated into the extended theory named “DNT+” in this work. Although, even today, there still is a lack of ion-molecule collision data required as fundamental input to plasma simulations for processing plasmas, DNT+ can provide a comprehensive cross section data set of ion-molecule collisions, including elastic, both endothermic and exothermic reactions, and short- and long-range charge exchanges, as well as other inelastic collisions. The cross sections for Ar+-CF4 and H2+-H2 collisions obtained using DNT+ agree well with data from the literature. Therefore, DNT+ could be widely used, not only for plasma simulation but also as a tool to easily generate preliminary data prior to experiments, especially when ion-molecule cross sections are not available.

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21

Ciacco, Mario. "(Anti)nucleosynthesis in heavy-ion collisions and (anti)nuclei as "baryonmeter" of the collision." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327606009.

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The production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei in heavy-ion collisions has been extensively studied experimentally and theoretically. Two competing (anti)nucleosynthesis models are typically used to describe light (anti)nuclei yields and their ratios to other hadrons in heavy-ion collisions: the statistical hadronization model (SHM) and the nucleon coalescence model. The possibility to distinguish these phenomenological models calls for new experimental observables. Given their large baryon number, light (anti)nuclei have a high sensitivity to the baryon chemical potential (μB) of the system created in the collision. In this talk, the first measurement of event-by-event antideuteron number fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions is presented and compared with expectations of the SHM and coalescence model. In addition, the antinuclei-to-nuclei ratios are used to obtain a measurement of μB in heavy-ion collisions with unprecedented precision.

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22

Wang, Yan. "Beam energy and system size dependence of heavy flavor production at STAR." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429609004.

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We report the measurements of quarkonia (J/ψ and ψ(2S)) in heavyion collisions via the e+e− decay channel at midrapidity (|y| < 1) by the STAR experiment. The centrality and transverse momentum dependence of the yield ratio of ψ(2S) to J/ψ is measured for the first time in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. These results, together with the new measurement of collision energy dependence of inclusive J/ψ suppression in Au+Au collisions, allow for a systematic study of the quarkonium production in the medium. In addition, we present the first measurement of J/ψ polarization in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC in both the Helicity and the Collins-Soper frames, which provides a new insight for studying the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions.

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23

SOOD, AMAN D., and RAJEEV K. PURI. "THE STUDY OF PARTICIPANT-SPECTATOR MATTER AND COLLISION DYNAMICS IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 04 (June 2006): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306004685.

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We present the simulations of heavy-ion collisions in terms of participant-spectator matter. We find that this matter depends crucially on the collision dynamics and history of the nucleons. The important changes in the momentum space are due to the binary nucleon-nucleon collisions experienced during the high dense phase. This was otherwise not possible with mean field alone. The collisions push the colliding nucleons into midrapidity region responsible for the formation of participant matter. This ultimately leads to thermalization in heavy-ion collisions.

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24

Delibasic, Danilo, Nenad Milojevic, and Ivan Mancev. "Single-electron capture in ion-ion collisions." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 18, no. 2 (2020): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct2002131d.

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The prior versions of the three-body boundary-corrected first Born approximation (CB1-3B) and the three-body boundary-corrected continuum intermediate states method (BCIS-3B) are applied to calculate the state-selective and state-summed total cross sections for single-electron capture from hydrogen-like ion targets (He+, Li2+) by fast completely stripped projectiles (H+, He2+, Li3+). All calculations are carried out for single-electron capture into arbitrary n l m final states of the projectiles, up to n = 4. The contributions from higher n shells are included using the Oppenheimer n?3 scaling law. The present results are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data.

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25

Church, D. A. "Studies of Ion Collisions in Ion Traps." Physica Scripta T22 (January 1, 1988): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1988/t22/025.

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26

Walling, R. S., and J. C. Weisheit. "Bound-state excitation in ion-ion collisions." Physics Reports 162, no. 1 (May 1988): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(88)90079-8.

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27

CHEN, L., B. WEI, R. BREDY, J. BERNARD, and S. MARTIN. "PROJECTILE ENERGY LOSS IN ION-C60 COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 15n17 (July 10, 2005): 2915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205031900.

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In highly charged ion Xe q+ ( q =8, 15, 20, 25, 30) on C 60 collisions ( v = 0.19 a.u. ), the energy loss of projectiles in frontal collisions has been measured by analyzing the kinetic energy of scattered ions. Using singly charged projectiles He +, the measurement of the ejected electron number provides information on the electronic energy deposition during the fontal collision on the C 60 target.

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28

Mathur, D., C. Badrinathan, F. A. Rajgara, and U. T. Raheja. "State-Diagnosed Ion-Neutral Collisions leading to Charge Transfer." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 120 (1987): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900153732.

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A significant reservoir of potential energy in hot astrophysical plasmas exists in multiply charged positive ions. Inelastic collisional processes involving such ions govern the ionization and energy balance in such plasmas. Although inelastic processes such as, charge transfer, have been widely investigated, there remains a paucity of knowledge about charge changing processes where both reactions and products are state-diagnosed. We have applied high-resolution translational energy gain/loss spectroscopy to investigate state-diagnosed collisions between Kr2+ and H2 leading to single electron capture into specific electronic states of Kr+ at collision energies in the range 1–6 keV.

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29

Belkić, Dževad. "Post-collisional interaction in ion-atom collisions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 86, no. 1-2 (March 1994): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)96159-x.

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30

Gou, Xingrui. "Hyperon polarization in heavy ion collisions at STAR." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429604009.

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In these proceedings, we present the measurements of global polarization for Λ, ¯Λ with the high-statistics data collected by the STAR experiment for isobar (Ru+Ru, Zr+Zr) collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV and Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 19.6, 27 GeV. These measurements allow us to study possible magnetic field driven effects through the polarization difference between Λ and ¯Λ and system size dependence of global polarization. Furthermore, we present the first measurements of Λ, ¯Λ hyperon local polarization in isobar collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV and Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 19.6, 27 GeV. Comparisons with previous measurements in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions at RHIC and LHC provide important insights into the collision system size and energy dependence of the vorticities. The local polarization measurements at lower beam energies can probe the predicted baryonic spin hall effect in a dense baryonic environment in heavy-ion collisions.

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31

Khan, Shaista, and Shakeel Ahmad. "Entropy and Multifractality in Relativistic Ion-Ion Collisions." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2136908.

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Entropy production in multiparticle systems is investigated by analyzing the experimental data on ion-ion collisions at AGS and SPS energies and comparing the findings with those reported earlier for hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. It is observed that the entropy produced in limited and full phase space, when normalized to maximum rapidity, exhibits a kind of scaling which is nicely supported by Monte Carlo model HIJING. Using Rényi’s order q information entropy, multifractal characteristics of particle production are examined in terms of generalized dimensions, Dq. Nearly the same values of multifractal specific heat, c, observed in hadronic and ion-ion collisions over a wide range of incident energies suggest that the quantity c might be used as a universal characteristic of multiparticle production in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. The analysis is extended to the study of spectrum of scaling indices. The findings reveal that Rényi’s order q information entropy could be another way to investigate the fluctuations in multiplicity distributions in terms of spectral function f(α), which has been argued to be a convenient function for comparison sake not only among different experiments but also between the data and theoretical models.

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32

JUNG, YOUNG-DAE, and WOO-PYO HONG. "Effects of temperature and electron collision frequency on the elastic electron–ion collisions in a collisional plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 5 (January 30, 2013): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377813000056.

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AbstractThe effects of dynamic temperature and electron–electron collisions on the elastic electron–ion collision are investigated in a collisional plasma. The second-order eikonal analysis and the velocity-dependent screening length are employed to derive the eikonal phase shift and eikonal cross section as functions of collision energy, electron collision frequency, Debye length, impact parameter, and thermal energy. It is interesting to find out that the electron–electron collision effect would be vanished; however, the dynamic temperature effect is included in the first-order approximation. We have found that the dynamic temperature effect strongly enhances the eikonal phase shift as well as the eikonal cross section for electron–ion collision since the dynamic screening increases the effective shielding distance. In addition, the detailed characteristic behavior of the dynamic screening function is also discussed.

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33

Badalà, Angela. "Energy and multiplicity dependence of hadronic resonance production with ALICE at the LHC." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1643, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1643/1/012007.

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Abstract The study of hadronic resonances plays an important role both in pp and in heavy-ion collisions. Since the lifetimes of short-lived resonances are comparable with the lifetime of the fireball formed in heavy-ion collisions, regeneration and re-scattering effects can modify the measured yields, especially at low transverse momentum. Measurements in pp collisions at different energies constitute a baseline for studies in heavy-ion collisions and provide constraints for tuning QCD-inspired event generators. Furthermore, high multiplicity pp collisions, where the density and the volume of the system are expected to be larger compared to minimum bias pp collisions, can help in the search for the onset of collective phenomena. Here we present recent results on short-lived hadronic resonances obtained by the ALICE experiment at LHC energies in different collision systems (pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb) including new results obtained in Xe–Xe collisions. The ALICE results on transverse momentum spectra, yields and their ratios to long-lived particles will be discussed.

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34

Jain, Shubhangi, Rohit Gupta, and Satyajit Jena. "Study of Isothermal Compressibility and Speed of Sound in the Hadronic Matter Formed in Heavy-Ion Collision Using Unified Formalism." Universe 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2023): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9040170.

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The thermodynamical quantities and response functions are useful to describe the particle production in heavy-ion collisions as they reveal crucial information about the produced system. While the study of isothermal compressibility provides an inference about the viscosity of the medium, speed of sound helps in understanding the equation of state. With an aim towards understanding the system produced in the heavy-ion collision, we have made an attempt to study isothermal compressibility and speed of sound as function of charged particle multiplicity in heavy-ion collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV, 5.02 TeV, and 5.44 TeV using unified formalism.

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35

Smith, Krista L. "Recent Quarkonia Measurements in Small Systems at RHIC and LHC Energies." Universe 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9040174.

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Heavy-ion research at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during the first decade of data collection, approximately during the years 2000–2010, was primarily focused on the study of Au+Au collisions. The search for evidence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of matter where quarks and gluons become unbound within a high energy density environment, which was at the forefront of research efforts. However, studies of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2 in p/d+Pb collisions from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) yielded results consistent with the hydrodynamic flow, one of the signatures of quark-gluon plasma formation in heavy-ion collisions. Since the publication of these findings, the field of heavy-ion physics has made subsequent measurements in small system collisions to study cold nuclear matter effects as well as look for additional evidence of hot nuclear matter effects. Quarkonia, a bound state of a cc¯ or bb¯ pair, has often been used to probe a wide range of nuclear effects in both large and small collision systems. Here we will review recent quarkonia measurements in small system collisions at RHIC and LHC energies and summarize the experimental conclusions.

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36

Schlichting, S., and D. Teaney. "The First fm/c of Heavy-Ion Collisions." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 69, no. 1 (October 19, 2019): 447–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023825.

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We present an introductory review of the early-time dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions and the kinetics of high-temperature quantum chromodynamic matter. The equilibration mechanisms in the quark–gluon plasma uniquely reflect the nonabelian and ultrarelativistic character of the many-body system. Starting with a brief exposé of the key theoretical and experimental questions, we provide an overview of the theoretical tools employed in weak coupling studies of the early-time nonequilibrium dynamics. We highlight theoretical progress in understanding different thermalization mechanisms in weakly coupled nonabelian plasmas, and discuss their relevance in describing the approach to local thermal equilibrium during the first fm/ c of a heavy-ion collision. We also briefly discuss some important connections to the phenomenology of heavy-ion collisions.

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37

Taillepied, Guillaume. "Electroweak-boson production from small to large systems with ALICE at the LHC." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327606006.

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Results on the recent measurements of the electroweak-boson production performed by the ALICE Collaboration are reported. The W±-boson production was measured at midrapidity in pp collisions at √S = 13 TeV, via the electronic decay of the boson. It was also measured in association with a hadron emitted back-to-back with respect to the electron. In heavy-ion collisions, the W±- and Z0-boson production was measured at forward rapidity in p–Pb collisions at √SNN = 8.16 TeV and Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV, in their muonic decay channel. Measurements in pp collisions shed light on multiple parton interactions and colour reconnection mechanisms. In heavy-ion collisions the measurements of electroweak bosons allow to probe the initial state of the collision.

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38

Gravielle, M. S. "Grazing Ion-Surface Collisions." Physica Scripta 110 (2004): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.110a00398.

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Kimura, M., and R. E. Olson. "Slow ion-atom collisions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 10-11 (May 1985): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(85)90236-8.

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40

Penent, F., R. L. Champion, L. D. Doverspike, V. A. Esaulov, J. P. Grouard, R. I. Hall, and J. L. Montmagnon. "Positive ion production in halogen negative ion collisions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 21, no. 20 (October 28, 1988): 3375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/21/20/008.

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41

Dolder, K., and B. Peart. "Experimental aspects of two-body ion-ion collisions." Reports on Progress in Physics 48, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1283–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/48/9/002.

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SALZBORN, E. "ELECTRON CAPTURE AND IONIZATION IN ION-ION COLLISIONS." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 50, no. C1 (January 1989): C1–207—C1–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1989125.

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43

Shirkov, G. D. "Elastic ion collisions in multiply-charged ion sources." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 21, S1 (March 1991): S319—S321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01426340.

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44

Pfeiffer, A., F. Melchert, K. V. Diemar, K. Huber, and E. Salzborn. "State-Selective Electron Capture in Ion-Ion Collisions." Physica Scripta T80, A (1999): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.080a00095.

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45

Chen, Jia, Jian Deng, Zebo Tang, Zhangbu Xu, and Li Yi. "Early strangeness freeze-out from RHIC BES to LHC." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225911001.

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In this talk, we investigate the collision energy and particle species dependence of kinetic freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions from √SNN = 7.7 - 200 GeV at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and 2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with Tsallis Blast-Wave (TBW) model. Strangeness and non-strange particles show a similar radial flow, while the strange hadrons have higher temperature and smaller non-equilibrium degree. Strangeness approaches equilibrium more quickly than non-strange particles from peripheral to central collisions. The kinetic freeze-out temperature of non-strange particles in central collisions decreases from RHIC to LHC energies, while strangeness does not show this behavior. Finally we discuss the system bulk viscosity dependence on collision energy.

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WONG, CHEUK-YIN, and WEI-NING ZHANG. "SINGLE-EVENT HANBURY-BROWN–TWISS INTERFEROMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 10 (November 2007): 3271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307009245.

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Large spatial density fluctuations in high energy heavy-ion collisions can come from many sources: initial transverse density fluctuations, non-central collisions, phase transitions, surface tension, and fragmentations. The common presence of some of these sources in high energy heavy-ion collisions suggests that large scale density fluctuations may often occur. The detection of large density fluctuations by single-event Hanbury-Brown–Twiss interferometry in heavy-ion collisions will provide useful information on density fluctuations and the dynamics of heavy-ion collisions.

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Kumar, Ashwini, P. K. Srivastava, B. K. Singh, and C. P. Singh. "Charged Hadron Multiplicity Distribution at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Colliders." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/352180.

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The present paper reviews facts and problems concerning charge hadron production in high energy collisions. Main emphasis is laid on the qualitative and quantitative description of general characteristics and properties observed for charged hadrons produced in such high energy collisions. Various features of available experimental data, for example, the variations of charged hadron multiplicity and pseudorapidity density with the mass number of colliding nuclei, center-of-mass energies, and the collision centrality obtained from heavy-ion collider experiments, are interpreted in the context of various theoretical concepts and their implications. Finally, several important scaling features observed in the measurements mainly at RHIC and LHC experiments are highlighted in the view of these models to draw some insight regarding the particle production mechanism in heavy-ion collisions.

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Melezhik, Vladimir S. "Efficient computational scheme for ion dynamics in RF-field of Paul trap." Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2658-4670-2019-27-4-378-385.

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We have developed an efficient computational scheme for integration of the classical Hamilton equations describing the ion dynamics confined in the radio-frequency field of the Paul trap. It has permitted a quantitative treatment of cold atom-ion resonant collisions in hybrid atom-ion traps with taking into account unremovable ion micromotion caused by the radio-frequency fields (V.S. Melezhik et. al., Phys. Rev. A100, 063406 (2019)). The important element of the hybrid atom-ion systems is the electromagnetic Paul trap confining the charged ion. The oscillating motion of the confined ion is defined by two frequencies of the Paul trap. It is the frequency of the order of 100 kHz due to the constant electric field and the radio-frequency of about 1-2 MHz defined by the alternating electromagnetic field of the ion trap. The necessity to accurately treat the ion motion in the combined field with two time scales defined by these two very different frequencies has demanded to develop the stable computational scheme for integration of the classical Hamilton equations for the ion motion. Moreover, the scheme must be stable on rather long time-interval of the ion collision with the cold atom ∼ 10 × 2/ defined by the atomic trap frequency ∼ 10 kHz and in the moment of the atom-ion collision when the Hamilton equations are strongly coupled. The developed numerical method takes into account all these features of the problem and makes it possible to integrate the system of coupled quantum-semiclassical equations with the necessary accuracy and quantitatively describes the processes of atomic-ion collisions in hybrid traps, including resonance effects.

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Huth, Sabrina, Peter T. H. Pang, Ingo Tews, Tim Dietrich, Arnaud Le Fèvre, Achim Schwenk, Wolfgang Trautmann, et al. "Constraining neutron-star matter with microscopic and macroscopic collisions." Nature 606, no. 7913 (June 8, 2022): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04750-w.

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AbstractInterpreting high-energy, astrophysical phenomena, such as supernova explosions or neutron-star collisions, requires a robust understanding of matter at supranuclear densities. However, our knowledge about dense matter explored in the cores of neutron stars remains limited. Fortunately, dense matter is not probed only in astrophysical observations, but also in terrestrial heavy-ion collision experiments. Here we use Bayesian inference to combine data from astrophysical multi-messenger observations of neutron stars1–9 and from heavy-ion collisions of gold nuclei at relativistic energies10,11 with microscopic nuclear theory calculations12–17 to improve our understanding of dense matter. We find that the inclusion of heavy-ion collision data indicates an increase in the pressure in dense matter relative to previous analyses, shifting neutron-star radii towards larger values, consistent with recent observations by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer mission5–8,18. Our findings show that constraints from heavy-ion collision experiments show a remarkable consistency with multi-messenger observations and provide complementary information on nuclear matter at intermediate densities. This work combines nuclear theory, nuclear experiment and astrophysical observations, and shows how joint analyses can shed light on the properties of neutron-rich supranuclear matter over the density range probed in neutron stars.

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Zhang, Xiao, Yu Liu, Jiuhou Lei, Wenlong Huang, Kexin Huang, and Rong Jin. "Experimental Study of the Response of Sheared E × B Flow to Varying Ion–Neutral Collisions." Astrophysical Journal 956, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aced4f.

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Abstract Partially ionized plasma is a common occurrence in astrophysical and space environments. The emergence and development of plasma instabilities are significantly impacted by the inelastic collisions between the ions and neutrals in the partially ionized plasma, such as the charge exchange. In this study, the effect of the ion–neutral collisions on the sheared E × B flow was experimentally investigated. In the weak collision range, the shear-driven plasma instability, such as Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, was excited by the velocity-sheared flow. However, increasing ion–neutral collisions resulted in a decrease in the magnitude of the sheared E × B flow due to charge exchange–induced drag forces. Consequently, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is suppressed, and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability is triggered. The underlying mechanism was elucidated through experimental findings and numerical analysis. The result of this study proposes that a transition between the two modes occurred with increasing ion–neutral collision strength. It could be applied to the study of the solar chromosphere and prominence and planetary ionospheres, where plasma is partially ionized and the sheared E × B flow is often encountered.

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