Dissertations / Theses: 'Collisional effects'

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Harris, M. "Collisional effects in atomic spectra." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352727.

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Horton, Timothy Scott. "COLLISIONAL AND RADIATIVE RELAXATION IN SODIUM DIMER AND ARGON ATOM COLLISIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1480693544113525.

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Szebesta, Daryl. "Collisional and radiative effects in atomic spectra." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484204.

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Shannon, I. "Collisional and radiative effects in atomic spectra." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371770.

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David, Nicholas. "Molecular dynamic calculations of collisional effects in plasmas." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418564.

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Wood, Mark. "Combined radiative and collisional effects in the spectrum of ytterbium." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295510.

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Sherlock, Mark William. "Ion-ion collisional effects in Z-pinch precursor plasma and laboratory astrophysical jets." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407222.

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Sampath, Archana [Verfasser], and Christoph H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Keitel. "Strong-field QED and collisional effects in electron beam-plasma interaction / Archana Sampath ; Betreuer: Christoph H. Keitel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122376737X/34.

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Slama, Nader. "Inclusion of dissipative effects in quantum time-dependent mean-field theories." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30063.

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Les théories de champ moyen quantique représentent une base robuste pour la description de la dynamique de nombreux systèmes physiques, des noyaux aux systèmes moléculaires et aux agrégats. Cependant, le traitement incomplet des corrélations électroniques au niveau du champ moyen empêche de donner une description propre de la dynamique, en particulier la dynamique dans les régimes dissipatifs. La dissipation est intrinsèquement liée à la thermalisation qui représente le phénomène cible à d'écrire dans ce travail. Nous avons exploré un schéma purement quantique en terme des matrices densités et qui consiste en l'inclusion des corrélations de type collisions, responsables de la thermalisation dans les systèmes quantiques finis. Ceci est fait en traitant les corrélations entre deux particules avec la théorie des perturbations dépendantes du temps tout au long d'un intervalle de temps. Ceci permet de créer un ensemble d'états de type champ moyen pur pour les différentes configurations. Ces états sont traités stochastiquement dans la dynamique et fournissent en moyenne un état corrélé. Nous proposons dans ce travail une reformulation de cette théorie en terme des fonctions d'ondes où les corrélations sont traitées comme des transitions multiples de type particule-trou, limitées aux transitions deux-particules-deux-trous dans notre cas. On applique le schéma obtenu à un modèle unidimensionnel simulant de petites molécules. La capacité de cette théorie à introduire les effets dissipatifs dans le cadre du champ moyen est illustrée à travers plusieurs observables tels que les matrices à un et deux corps, les nombres d'occupation et l'entropie à un corps
Quantum mean field theories represent a robust basis for the description of many dynamical situations from nuclei to molecular systems and clusters. However, the missing of electronic correlations on top of mean field prevents them to give a proper description of the dynamics, in particular dissipative dynamics. Dissipation is intrinsically linked to thermalization which represents the target phenomenon to be described in this thesis. We thus explore a fully quantum mechanical strategy proposed in terms of density matrices in the case of nuclear collisions and which consists in the inclusion of collisional correlations responsible of thermalization in quantum finite systems. This is done by treating two body correlations in time dependent perturbation theory along a certain time span that allows to create an ensemble of pure mean field states for different configurations. These states are used into the dynamics, stochastically, providing in the average one correlated state. We propose in this work a reformulation of this theory in term of wave functions where correlations are translated into multiple particle-hole transitions, restricted to two-particles-two-holes transitions in our case. We apply the obtained scheme to a one dimensional model simulating small molecules. The ability of this theory to include dissipative effects on top of mean field is illustrated through several observables such as the one and two body density matrices, the occupation numbers and the one body entropy

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Chadwick, Helen J. "Angular momentum polarisation effects in inelastic scattering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:474b04fa-4f50-4618-88ab-c85878723f2a.

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In this thesis, a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the vector properties that describe the inelastic scattering of a diatomic radical with an atomic collision partner is presented. A particular emphasis is placed on those correlations that include the final rotational angular momentum, j', of the radical. The depolarisation of both NO(A) and OH(A) brought about through collisions with krypton has been studied, providing a measure of the j-j' correlation, where j is the initial rotational angular momentum associated with the diatom. The total depolarisation cross- sections for both collisional disorientation and disalignment have been measured using quantum beat spectroscopy, and modelled theoretically using quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations. The agreement between experiment and theory for NO(A)-Kr is excellent, but is not observed for OH(A)-Kr under thermal conditions. This has been attributed to the importance of electronic quenching in OH(A)-Kr. The depolarisation cross-sections have also been determined at a higher collision energy for OH(A)-Kr where electronic quenching is less significant, and the experimental results are in better agreement with those obtained theoretically. The NO(A)-Kr depolarisation cross-sections fall with increasing rotational quantum number, N, whereas for OH(A)-Kr, they exhibit less of an N dependence. This trend is mirrored in the elastic depolarisation cross-sections, which have also been determined experimentally for OH(A)-Kr. The significantly attractive and anisotropic nature of the OH(A)-Kr potential energy surface (PES) accounts for these observations. The j-j' correlation is extended to include the initial (relative) velocity (k) in a new theoretical treatment of the k-j-j' correlation. The formalism developed is used with the results from the QCT calculations for NO(A)-Kr and OH(A)-Kr to provide further insight into the mechanism of depolarisation in the two systems. Collisions of NO(A) with krypton do not cause significant depolarisation due to their impulsive nature, and the projection of j onto the kinematic apse is conserved. In contrast, collisions of OH(A) with krypton effectively randomise the direction of j, again showing the influence of the anisotropic and attractive nature of the PES. However, the projection of j onto the kinematic apse is still conserved. The inelastic scattering of NO(X) with argon and krypton has also been investigated, using a crossed molecular beam apparatus. The initial Λ-doublet state of the NO(X) was selected using hexapole focussing, and the products of the collision detected using velocity mapped ion imaging. The state to state differential cross-sections (equivalent to the k-k' correlation, where k' is the final relative velocity) have been measured for collisions which conserve the initial spin-orbit level of the NO(X) with krypton. The same parity dependent effects were seen as have been observed previously for NO(X)-Ar. The collision induced alignment (equivalent to the k-k'-j' correlation) of NO(X) as a result of scattering with argon has also been determined experimentally. The results can be explained classically by considering the conservation of the projection of j onto the kinematic apse.

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Sakaki, Takaya. "Etude expérimentale du transport d'électrons rapides et des ondes de choc générées par laser dans le cadre de la fusion inertielle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0107/document.

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Ce manuscrit présente trois expériences menées dans le cadre de la fusion nucléaire par confinement inertiel. La première expérience porte sur l'étude la propagation d'un faisceau d'électrons rapides dans un plasma pré-comprimé dans le cadre du schémas d'allumage rapide. Deux expériences sur la génération d'onde de choc dans des plasmas ont été menées dans le cadre du schéma d'allumage par choc. La première expérience a été consacre à l'étude le la propagation d'un faisceau d'électrons rapides dans une cible comprimée. L'implosion de la cible avec une géométrie cylindrique a été menée avec l'installation laser GEKKO XII (ILE Osaka, Japon). Le faisceau d'électrons rapides a été injecté en utilisant l'installation laser LFEX (_1019W/cm2). et sa propagation à travers le cylindre comprimé a été observée avec plusieurs diagnostics X. Cette expérience a démontré l'effet d'un guidage du faisceau d'électrons rapides résultant du champ magnétique auto-généré. Par ailleurs, les résultats de cette expérience ont été en bon accord avec deux des simulation numériques. Cette étude a fait l'objet de la publication Approach to the study of fast electron transport in cylindrically imploded targets, Laser and particle Beams, 33, 525-534, (2015). Deux autres expériences ont été réalisées pour l’étude de la propagation de chocs forts créés par laser dans un plasma. Celles-ci ont été réalisées avec différentes installations laser.Dans la première expérience avec le laser Gekko Xll, nous avons observé la création et la propagation de deux ondes de choc successives dans des plasmas d’ablation de CH et de Be. L’objectif de caractériser l’amplification d’un choc transmis par la collision des deux chocscontre propagatifs a été partiellement réalisé. La comparaison des résultats expérimentauxà des simulations hydrodynamiques a permis d’établir une amplification du choc d’unfacteur 2 en pression pour les conditions expérimentales réalisées. Les tirs sur une cible deBe a permis de développer et valider les outils d’exploitation de la propagation de deuxchocs par radiographie X. La deuxième expérience a été réalisée avec laser PHELIX de GSI(Darmstadt, Allemagne). Le but de cette expérience était d’étudier la génération de chocsforts qui ont été utilisés pour étudier l’équations d’état du carbone dans le domaine WDMpertinent pour le planétologie. Les conditions de pression et de densité pour le carboneont été obtenues en déduisant la pression et la vitesse de l’onde de choc des diagnosticschronométriques employés dans cette expérience. Des états du diamant en phase liquidemétallique pour des pressions de l’ordre de 7 Mbar et des températures de 15,000 degrésont été obtenus
This manuscript presents three experiments conducted as part of a nuclear fusion byinertial confinement. The first experiment is the study of the fast electron beam propagationin a pre-compressed plasma in the fast ignition scheme. Two other experiments about theshock wave generation in plasmas were conducted in the ignition shock pattern.The first experiment was devoted to the study of the fast electron beam transport in a compressed target. The implosion of the target with a cylindrical geometry was carriedout with the GEKKO XII laser facility (ILE Osaka, Japan). The fast electron beam wasgenerated by the LFEX laser ( 1019W/cm2) and its propagation through the compressedcylinder was observed with several X-ray diagnostics. This experiment showed the guidingeffect of the electron beam resulting from self-generated magnetic fields. Furthermore, theresults of this experiment were in good agreement with numerical simulations. This studywas the subject of the publication Approach to the study of fast electron transport incylindrically imploded targets, Laser and Particle Beams, 33,525-534,(2015). Two other experiments were performed to study the propagation of strong shockscreated by lasers in a plasma. These were carried out with different laser systems. In the firstexperiment with the Gekko XII laser, we observed the creation and the propagation of twosuccessive shock waves in an ablation plasma in CH and Be. The objective to characterizethe amplification of a transmitted shock by the collision of two counter propagatingshocks has been partially realized. The comparison of the experimental results with thehydrodynamic simulations enabled us to confirm an amplification of the shock by a factor2 in pressure in the condition of this experiment. The shot with a Be target allowed todevelop and to validate the diagnostic method of X-ray radiography for shock propagation.The second experiment was performed with laser PHELIX GSI (Darmstadt, Germany).The purpose of this experiment was to study the generation of strong shocks. They wereapplied to study the equation of state of carbone in WDM state for the planetology. Thecondition of pressure and density for the carbon were obtained by deducting the pressureand the velocity of the shock wave chronometric diagnostics employed in this experiment.In this experiment, diamond was at the metallic liquid phase with the pressure of 7 Mbarand the temperature of 15,000 degrees

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Vaisseau, Xavier. "Experimental study of fast electron transport in dense plasmas." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0432/document.

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Cette thèse se place dans le contexte de la fusion thermonucléaire pour la production d’énergie, dans le cadre de l’allumage rapide par faisceaux d’électrons chauds. Le travail présenté a pour but de caractériser la source de faisceaux d’électrons rapides, accélérés par lasers intenses (1019≠1020 W/cm2), et leur propagation dans des plasmas denses aussi bien à l’état solide quecomprimé.La première étude présentée avait pour but d’étudier la propagation d’électrons rapides, caractérisés par une densité de courant > 1011 A/cm2, dans des cibles d’aluminium chauffées à la température de Fermi par un choc plan contra-propagatif, qui les comprimait à deux fois la densité du solide. La géométrie de compression plane nous a permis de dissocier les pertesd’énergie dues aux effets résistifs et collisionnels, en comparant des cibles solides et comprimées de masses surfaciques identiques. Nous avons observé pour la première fois une augmentation des pertes d’énergie d’origine résistive dans les échantillons chauffés. La confrontation des données expérimentales avec les simulations, incluant une caractérisation complète de la source électronique, de l’état de compression des cibles et du transport d’électrons, a permis d’étudier l’évolution temporelle de la résistivité du matériau. Elle a notamment permis d’estimer que le pouvoir d’arrêt résistif dans les cibles tièdes et denses est d’amplitude comparable au pouvoir d’arrêt collisionnel.Dans la deuxième étude, nous avons analysé l’accélération et le transport d’électrons rapides produits lors de l’interaction d’un laser à haut contraste avec un cône de cuivre, enchâssé dans un bloc de carbone, et comprimé par un choc plan contra-propagatif. Un système d’imagerie X a permis de visualiser le couplage entre le faisceau laser intense et le cône à différents instants de la compression. Ce diagnostic, donnant accès à la distribution spatiale du faisceau d’électrons chauds, a montré une génération d’électrons dans tout le volume du cône pour des temps supérieurs au temps de débouché de choc au niveau de la pointe. Pour des temps antérieurs, l’interaction se produit à haut contraste, la source est restreinte au niveau de la pointe du cône, et la propagation collimatée des électrons vers l’intérieur de la cible est assurée par les champs magnétiques auto-générés. Ces conclusions ont été obtenues en confrontant les données expérimentales aux simulations.Une caractérisation hydrodynamique de la compression par choc de la cible a été effectuée à l’aide d’une technique de radiographie X, permettant de visualiser la propagation du front de choc dans la cible, sa collision avec la pointe du cône et son glissement le long des parois. Les mesures sont en accord avec des simulations hydrodynamiques
The framework of this PhD thesis is the inertial confinement fusion for energy production, in the context of the electron fast ignition scheme. The work consists in a characterization of the transport mechanisms of fast electrons, driven by intense laser pulses (1019 ≠ 1020 W/cm2) inboth cold-solid and warm-dense matter.The first goal was to study the propagation of a fast electron beam, characterized by a current density > 1011 A/cm2, in aluminum targets initially heated close to the Fermi temperature by a counter-propagative planar shock. The planar compression geometry allowed us to discriminate the energy losses due to the resistive mechanisms from collisional ones by comparing solid and compressed targets of the same initial areal densities. We observed for the first time a significant increase of resistive energy losses in heated aluminum samples. The confrontation of the experimental data with the simulations, including a complete characterization of the electron source, of the target compression and of the fast electron transport, allowed us to study the time-evolution of the material resistivity. The estimated resistive electron stopping power in a warm-compressed target is of the same order as the collisional one.We studied the transport of the fast electrons generated in the interaction of a high-contrast laser pulse with a hollow copper cone, buried into a carbon layer, compressed by a counterpropagative planar shock. A X-ray imaging system allowed us to visualize the coupling of thelaser pulse with the cone at different moments of the compression. This diagnostic, giving access to the fast electron spatial distribution, showed a fast electron generation in the entire volume of the cone for late times of compression, after shock breakout from the inner cone tip. For earlier times, the interaction at a high-contrast ensured that the source was contained within the cone tip, and the fast electron beam was collimated into the target depth by self-generated magnetic fields. These conclusions were obtained by a confrontation of experimental data to simulation results.The hydrodynamic characterization of the shock-induced target compression was performed using a X-ray point projection radiography technique, allowing to visualize a propagation of the shock front into the target, its collision with the cone tip and its subsequent sliding along the cone walls. The measurements are in agreement with hydrodynamic simulations

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Lacombe, Lionel. "On dynamics beyond time-dependent mean-field theories." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30185/document.

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Cette thèse présente différentes approches quantiques pour l'exploration de processus dynamiques dans des systèmes multiélectroniques, en particulier après une forte excitation qui peut aboutir à des effets dissipatifs. Les théories de champ moyen sont un outil utile à cet égard. Malgré l'existence de nombreux travaux réalisés ces deux dernières décennies, ces théories peinent à reproduire complètement la corrélation à deux corps. La thermalisation est un des effets des collisions électron-électron. Après un chapitre introductif, on présentera dans le chapitre 2 le formalisme de plusieurs méthodes étudiées dans cette thèse, ayant pour but la description de ces effets en ajoutant un terme de collision au champ moyen. Ces méthodes sont appelées Stochastic Time-Dependent Hartree Fock (STDHF), Extended TDHF (ETDHF) et Collisional TDHF (CTDHF). Cette dernière méthode représente d'une certaine façon le résultat principal de cette thèse. L'implémentation numérique de chacune de ces méthodes sera aussi examinée en détail. Dans les chapitres 3, 4 et 5, nous appliquerons à différents systèmes les méthodes présentées dans le chapitre 2. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions d'abord un canal de réaction rare, ici la probabilité d'un électron de s'attacher à un petit agrégat d'eau. Un bon accord avec les données expérimentales a été observé. Dans le chapitre 4, un modèle fréquemment utilisé en physique nucléaire est résolu exactement et comparé quantitativement à STDHF. L'évolution temporelle des observables à un corps s'accorde entre les deux méthodes, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne le comportement thermique. Néanmoins, pour permettre une bonne description de la dynamique, il est nécessaire d'avoir une grande statistique, ce qui peut être un frein à l'utilisation de STDHF sur de larges systèmes. Pour surpasser cette difficulté, dans le chapitre 5 nous testons CTDHF, qui a été introduit dans le chapitre 2, sur un modèle à une dimension (et sans émission électronique). Le modèle se compose d'électrons dans un potentiel de type jellium avec une interaction auto-cohérente sous la forme d'une fonctionnelle de la densité. L'avantage de ce modèle à une dimension est que les calculs STDHF sont possibles numériquement, ce qui permet une comparaison directe aux calculs CTDHF. Dans cette étude de validité du concept, CTDHF s'accorde remarquablement bien avec STDHF. Cela pose les jalons pour une description efficace de la dissipation dans des systèmes réalistes en trois dimensions par CTDHF
This thesis presents various quantal approaches for the exploration of dynamical processes in multielectronic systems, especially after an intense excitation which can possibly lead to dissipative effects. Mean field theories constitute useful tools in that respect. Despite the existence of numerous works during the past two decades, they have strong difficulties to capture full 2-body correlations. Thermalization is one of these effects that stems from electron-electron collisions. After an introductory chapter, we present in Chapter 2 the formalism of the various schemes studied in this thesis toward the description of such an effect by including collisional terms on top of a mean field theory. These schemes are called Stochastic Time-Dependent Hartree Fock (STDHF), Extended TDHF (ETDHF) and Collisional TDHF (CTDHF). The latter scheme constitutes in some sense the main achievement of this thesis. The numerical realizations of each scheme are also discussed in detail. In Chapters 3, 4 and 5, we apply the approaches discussed in Chapter 2 but in various systems. In Chapter 3, we first explore a rare reaction channel, that is the probability of an electron to attach on small water clusters. Good agreement with experimental data is achieved. In Chapter 4, a model widely used in nuclear physics is exactly solved and quantitatively compared to STDHF. The time evolution of 1-body observables agrees well in both schemes, especially what concerns thermal behavior. However, to allow a good description of the dynamics, one is bound to use a large statistics, which can constitute a hindrance of the use of STDHF in larger systems. To overcome this problem, in Chapter 5, we go for a testing of CTDHF developed in Chapter 2 in a one-dimensional system (and without electronic emission). This system consists in electrons in a jellium potential with a simplified self-consistent interaction expressed as a functional of the density. The advantage of this 1D model is that STDHF calculations are numerically manageable and therefore allows a direct comparison with CTDHF calculations. In this proof of concept study, CTDHF compares remarkably well with STDHF. This thus paves the road toward an efficient description of dissipation in realistic 3D systems by CTDHF

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Tan, Jonathan S. "Compiler Optimization Effects on Register Collisions." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1841.

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We often want a compiler to generate executable code that runs as fast as possible. One consideration toward this goal is to keep values in fast registers to limit the number of slower memory accesses that occur. When there are not enough physical registers available for use, values are ``spilled'' to the runtime stack. The need for spills is discovered during register allocation wherein values in use are mapped to physical registers. One factor in the efficacy of register allocation is the number of values in use at one time (register collisions). Register collision is affected by compiler optimizations that take place before register allocation. Though the main purpose of compiler optimizations is to make the overall code better and faster, some optimizations can actually increase register collisions. This may force the register allocation process to spill. This thesis studies the effects of different compiler optimizations on register collisions.

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Broquier, Michel. "Processus inélastiques rotationnels induits par collisions dans des molécules interstellaires : OCS et NH₃." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112186.

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L’étude des profils d’absorption infrarouge réalisée au laser à diode, nous ont permis de déterminer les sections efficaces d’élargissement par pression en fonction du nombre quantique de rotation J pour les couples OCS-Ar, OCS-He, OCS-H2. En appliquant les résultats de l’approximation soudaine, nous avons comparé les résultats expérimentaux aux valeurs théoriques testant ainsi la qualité des potentiels intermoléculaires mis en jeu. La même étude réalisée dans la bande ν3+ ν2- ν2 à 5 µm de OCS, a conduit à mettre en évidence pour la première fois en infrarouge dans un système simple à quatre niveaux un effet de rétrécissement collisionnel. Les calculs théoriques semi-classiques ont montré que le coefficient de couplage qui rend compte de cet effet est très sensible aux détails du potentiel. Ainsi nous avons développé à la fois une méthode expérimentale et un modèle théorique permettant d’atteindre deux types d’information: le coefficient d’élargissement par pression et le coefficient de couplage. Une étude similaire sur l’ammoniac perturbé par H2 à température a permis d’accéder aux sections efficaces d’élargissement mais également au coefficient du couplage intradoublet (dû à l’inversion de la molécule)
The study of absorption lineshapes in the infrared region (5 µm) by means of diode laser spectrometer allowed us to determine the pressure broadening cross-sections as a function of the rational quantum number J for the systems OCS-Ar, OCS-H2. By applying the results with the theoretical values enabled an estimation of the quality of the intermolecular potentials used to be made. The parallel study in the ν3+ ν2- ν2 band at 5 µm of OCS showed clear evidence, for the first time, of infrared collisional narrowing in the very simple four-level system at moderate pressure. The semi-classical calculations showed that the intra doublet inelastic rate (ξ) is very sensitive to the details of the potential. Therefore we have shown at the same time an experimental method and theoretical model which allow us to access two types of information: the pressure broadening coefficient (y) and the intra doublet inelastic rate. A similar study anon ammonia perturbed by H2 at room and at low temperature allowed us to determine a broadening cross-section and also the intra doublet inelastic rate (due to molecular inversion)

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Pan, Xinhua. "Optical Control and Spectroscopic Studies of Collisional Population Transfer in Molecular Electronic States." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/440712.

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Physics
Ph.D.
The quantum interference effects, such as the Autler-Townes (AT) effect and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) applied to molecular systems are the focus of this Dissertation in the context of high resolution molecular spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the AT effect can be used to manipulate the spin character of a spin-orbit coupled pair of molecular energy levels serving as a \textit{gateway} between the singlet and triplet electronic states. We demonstrate that the singlet-triplet mixing characters of the \textit{gateway} levels can be controlled by manipulating the coupling laser \textit{E} field amplitude. We observe experimentally the collisional population transfer between electronic states $G^1\Pi_g (v=12, J=21, f)$ and $1^3\Sigma _g^-(v=1, N=21, f)$ of $^7$Li$_2$. We obtain the Stern-Vollmer plot according to the vapor pressure dependence of collisional transfer rate. The triplet fluorescence from the mixed \textit{gateway} levels to the triplet $b^3\Pi_u(v'=1,J'=
Temple University--Theses

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Lévêque, Sandrine. "Collisions ions surfaces. Effets initiaux d'oxydation." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112387.

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L'etude experimentale des collisions d'ions et d'atomes de gaz rares sur des surfaces a ete effectuee grace a une analyse angulaire et/ou energetique des particules lourdes et des electrons ejectes lors de la collision. L'appareil utilise fonctionne en ultravide. Les mesures ont permis de mettre en evidence la presence de processus de transferts de charges entre les projectiles et la cible, ainsi que la presence de processus d'excitation vers des etats autoionisants. Les processus d'excitation mis en jeu dependent de la nature du projectile et de la cible ; ils sont decrits, par analogie aux collisions en phase gazeuse, grace au modele quasimoleculaire de barat fano lichten. Les particules peuvent se desexciter dans le vide ou a l'interieur du solide. Certains mecanismes de rearrangement ont lieu lors de la phase de sortie de la collision, ils sont caracteristiques des collisions sur les surfaces. L'etude des effets initiaux de l'oxydation ont permis de caracteriser l'adsorption de l'oxygene sur differentes surfaces, et de montrer que la variation du travail d'extraction est maximale pour une exposition correspondant a la saturation de la surface. Nos mesures ont permis de mettre en evidence la disparition progressive des pics attribues a l'autoionisation des projectiles et des atomes-cibles. Des variations differentes en fonction de l'exposition a l'oxygene ont ete observees pour differents etats excites. Ces resultats sont attribues a l'effet d'ecran des atomes-cibles par l'oxygene, a la variation du travail d'extraction et de la densite d'etats de la cible, en presence d'oxygene

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Nicolas, Loïc. "Effects of collisions on the magnetic streaming instability." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066229/document.

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Quand un faisceau d'ions énergétiques traverse un plasma magnétisé plus rapidement que la vitesse d'Alfvén, il peut déstabiliser des ondes électromagnétiques. Cela résulte en une augmentation des fluctuations magnétiques, un ralentissement du faisceau et un chauffage du plasma. Cette instabilité faisceau-plasma magnétisée est commune dans des environnements comme les rayons cosmiques dans le milieu interstellaire ou les ions réfléchis au choc d'étrave terrestre, ou dans des plasmas de laboratoire. Sous certaines conditions, les collisions coulombiennes entre les ions peuvent avoir une influence et même supprimer le développement de l'instabilité. Ce travail fournit les premières recherches sur le sujet. Nous étudions l'instabilité numériquement avec un code hybride-PIC intégrant un module de collision Monte-Carlo nouvellement développé. Nos résultats pour le régime sans collision confirment les études précédentes sur la présence de modes résonants et non-résonant, et fournit une base de comparaison pour le cas collisionel. Nous trouvons que les collisions diminuent l'amplitude des fluctuations magnétiques, et identifions plusieurs régimes caractérisés par la compétition entre l'accroissement de l'instabilité et les collisions. Même dans des plasmas faiblement collisionnels, le ralentissement peut induire une augmentation rapide des échanges d'énergie collisionels, ce qui laisse moins d'énergie libre pour l'amplification des fluctuations magnétiques et cause un chauffage plus efficace du plasma. Pour le mode résonant, l'augmentation du chauffage du faisceau réduit le nombre de particules résonant avec les ondes et mène à une réduction de son taux d'accroissement
When a beam of energetic ions streams in a magnetized plasma background with a bulk velocity higher than the local Alfvén speed, it can drive electromagnetic waves unstable. The result is enhanced magnetic field fluctuations, the slowing down of the beam and plasma heating. This so-called magnetic streaming instability is commonly present in space plasma, such as streaming cosmic rays in the interstellar medium or reflected ions at shocks, as well as in laboratory plasmas. Under certain physical conditions, Coulomb collisions between ions can influence and even suppress the development of the instability. This work provides the first investigation of such effects. We study the magnetic streaming instability numerically with a hybrid-PIC code with a newly developed Monte Carlo ion-ion Coulomb collision module. Our results for the collisionless regime confirm previous studies related to the existence of resonant and non-resonant modes, and provide the groundwork for the comparison with the collisional cases. We find that collisions generally lower the amplitude of the magnetic field fluctuations, and we identify several regimes which are characterized by the competition between the growth of the instability and collisions. Even in weakly-collisional plasmas, the slowing down of the beam can actually induce a rapid increase of collisional energy exchanges, which leave less free energy for the non-linear growth of the magnetic field fluctuations and cause a more efficient heating of the plasma. For the resonant mode the enhanced heating of the beam reduces the number of particles resonating with the waves and leads to a reduction of its growth rate

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Lowman, Julian Philip. "On the effects of continental collisions on mantle flow." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0021/NQ27302.pdf.

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Vauzour, Benjamin. "Étude expérimentale du transport d'électrons rapides dans le cadre de l'allumage rapide pour la fusion inertielle." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14496/document.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la recherche sur la fusion nucléaire par confinement inertiel, et vise notamment à contribuer à la validation du schéma d'allumage rapide. Elle consiste en une étude expérimentale des différents processus impliqués dans la propagation d'un faisceau d'électrons relativistes, produit par une impulsion laser ultra-intense (10^{19} W.cm-2), au sein de la matière dense qu'elle soit solide ou comprimée. Dans ce travail de recherche nous présentons les résultats de trois expériences réalisées sur des installations laser distinctes afin de générer des faisceaux d'électrons dans diverses conditions et d'étudier leur propagation dans différents états de la matière, du solide froid au plasma dense et tiède.La première expérience a été réalisée à très haut contraste temporel sur l'installation laser UHI100 du CEA de Saclay. L'étude du dépôt d'énergie par le faisceau d'électrons dans l'aluminium solide a mis en évidence un important chauffage à faible profondeur, où les effets collectifs sont prédominants, générant ainsi un gradient important de température entre les faces avant (300eV) et arrière (20eV) sur 20µm d'épaisseur. Une modélisation numérique de l'expérience montre que ce gradient induit la formation d'une onde de choc débouchant en face arrière, donnant alors lieu à une augmentation de l'émission thermique. La chronométrie expérimentale du débouché du choc permet de valider le modèle de transport collectif des électrons.Deux autres expériences ont porté sur l'étude de la propagation de faisceaux d'électrons rapides au sein de cibles comprimées. Lors de la première expérience sur LULI2000 (LULI), la géométrie de compression plane a permis de dissocier de manière précise les pertes d'énergie liées aux effets résistifs de celles liées aux effets collisionnels. En comparant nos résultats expérimentaux à des simulations, nous avons mis en évidence l'augmentation significative des pertes d'énergie du faisceau d'électrons avec la compression et le chauffage de la cible à des température proches de la température de Fermi, et ce, pour les deux mécanismes. La seconde expérience, réalisée en géométrie cylindrique sur Vulcan (RAL), a permis de mettre en évidence un phénomène de guidage du faisceau d'électrons rapides sous l'effet d'un intense champ magnétique, auto-généré en présence d'importants gradients radiaux de résistivité. Par ailleurs, dans les conditions de température et de densité atteintes, l'augmentation des pertes d'énergie collisionnelles avec la densité s'avère être compensée par une diminution des pertes résistives du fait du passage de la conductivité du milieu dans le régime des hautes températures de Spitzer
The framework of this PhD thesis is the validation of the fast ignition scheme for the nuclear fusion by inertial confinement. It consists in the experimental study of the various processes involved in fast electron beams propagation, produced by intense laser pulses (10^{19} W.cm-2), through dense matter either solid or compressed. In this work we present the results of three experiments carried out on different laser facilities in order to generate fast electron beams in various conditions and study their propagation in different states of matter, from the cold solid to the warm and dense plasma.The first experiment was performed with a high intensity contrast on the UHI100 laser facility (CEA Saclay). The study of fast electron energy deposition inside thin aluminium targets highlights a strong target heating at shallow depths, where the collectivs effects are predominant, thus producing a steep temperature profile between front (300eV) and rear (20eV) sides over 20µm thickness. A numerical simulation of the experiment shows that this temperature gradient induces the formation of a shock wave, breaking through the rear side of the target and thus leading to increase the thermal emission. The experimental chronometry of the shock breakthrough allowed validating the model of the collective transport of electrons.Two other experiments were dedicated to the study of fast electron beam propagation inside compressed targets. In the first experiment on the LULI2000 laser facility, the plane compression geometry allowed to precisely dissociate the energy losses due to resistive effects from those due to the collisional ones. By comparing our experimental results with simulations, we observed a significative increase of the fast electron beam energy losses with the compression and the target heating to temperatures close to the Fermi temperature. The second experiment, performed in a cylindrical geometry, demonstrated a fast electron beam guiding phenomenon due to self-generated magnetic fields in presence of sharp radial resistivity gradients. Furthermore, in the temperature and density conditions achieved here, the increase of collisional energy losses with density is compensated by the decreasing resistive energy losses due to the transition of the conductivity into the high-temperatures Spitzer regime

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Kim, Kilyoung. "Super Collision Energy Transfer Studies in Single Collisions Between Vibrationally Hot Benzene Like Molecules and Ground State Bath Molecules: The Effect of Physical Properties of Donor and Bath Molecules on Super Collision Energy Transfer." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2497.

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This research is focused on single-collision energy transfer events between highly vibrationally excited benzene-like donor molecules and small bath molecules, CO2 and N2O in the vibrational ground level. Measuring how much energy is transferred from donors to bath molecules was accomplished by probing bath molecules scattered into specific-rotational states using a tunable Δv=0.0003 cm-1 solid state diode laser. The normalized energy transfer probability distribution function, P(E,E'), determined from energy gain information, is very useful in comparing collisional energy transfer efficiency between various collision systems. P(E,E') is also used to investigate the effects of donor and bath physical properties on collisional energy transfer. The first chapter details the C6H5F–CO2 system, which is the basis of a study on the effect of donor fluorination on strong collision energy transfer. The second chapter is about all fluorobenzene–CO2 systems, which investigates the effect of excess vibrational excitation energy of donors on supercollision energy transfer efficiency as well as donor fluorination effect. The third chapter focuses on how the physical properties of bath molecules affect supercollision energy transfer by measuring state-specific energy gain of N2O scattered into 0000, J=59−75. Instead of CO2, N2O was used as a bath molecule with a pyrazine donor to compare energy gain results of bath molecules with somewhat different physical properties. N2O and CO2 are isoelectronic and have similar mass, but N2O has a small dipole moment. Comparison of P(E,E') obtained from pyrazine–CO2, –N2O, –DCl, and –H2O systems helps to elucidate the effect of the bath physical properties on supercollision energy transfer efficiency. The last chapter is dedicated to the extension of the measurement range of N2O energy gain to the mid J states (J=37–75). In this chapter I discuss reliability of P(E,E') obtained from only high J tail as well as the correction of overall energy transfer rate constant.

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22

Bass, Steven David. "Spin dependent effects in quantum chromodynamics /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb317.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 1993.
Copies of three of the author's previously published articles inserted as appendix B. Includes bibliographical references.

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23

Shu, Dongwei. "Structural arrangements and geometric effects on plastic deformations in collisions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335242.

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Ayala, Orlando. "Effects of turbulence on the collision rate of cloud droplets." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 6.00 Mb , 236 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3181864.

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25

Liu, Jia. "Pre-equilibrium evolution effects on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449185522.

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Young, Stephen Michael Radley. "The effect of intense laser radiation on atomic collisions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302895.

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27

Napier, Stuart A. "Electron correlation and spin-dependent effects in the electron impact excitation of zinc atoms." University of Western Australia. School of Physics, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0098.

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[Truncated abstract] This work investigated electron correlation and spin-dependent effects in electron scattering from zinc for incident electron energies from the lowest excitation threshold at 4.003 eV to 50 eV. Experiments were performed using a crossed-beams electron impact spectrometer, which included an unpolarised electron gun, and also a spin-polarised electron gun. The apparatus was tested, and shown to be operating well, by repeating past studies of electron scattering from helium and argon. Emission cross sections for the 4s4p 3P1, 4s4p 1P1, 4s5s 3S1, 4s4d; 5d; 6d 3D1;2;3 and 4s4d; 5d 1D2 states were measured from the respective thresholds to 50 eV. These were compared with Convergent Close-Coupling (CCC) and B-spline R-matrix (BSRM) calculations of the 4s4p 3P1, 4s4p 1P1, 4s5s 3S1, 4s4d 1D2 and 4s4d 3D1;2;3 emission cross sections. There are serious discrepancies between the theories, and between the theories and experiment, which indicates strong continuum coupling and innershell excitation effects in the electron excitation of zinc. The differential elastic scattering signal at scattering angles of 30 , 54 , 90 and 110 was measured for incident electron energies from just below the lowest excitation threshold at 4.003 eV, to the ionisation threshold at 9.394 eV. Some assignments given by Sullivan et al [1] and Zatsarinny and Bartschat [2] were confirmed by the present experiment. An area of disagreement in the literature concerning the nature of a feature observed at the 4s4p 1P1 threshold at 5.796 eV was resolved in favour of Zatsarinny and Bartschat, who assign the feature as a cusp. ... Below the ionisation threshold, the 4s4p 3P1 photon excitation function supports the assignment of the near-4s4p 1P1 threshold feature as a cusp. Some of the overlapping negative-ion resonances which were observed near 7.5 eV in the 4s4p 3P1, 4s4p 1P1 and 4s5s 3S1 photon excitation functions were assigned with the assistance of the BSRM calculations of Zatsarinny and Bartschat. However, continuum coupling effects above 8 eV seem to cause the theoretical negative-ion resonance predictions to break down. Above the ionisation threshold, the near-11 eV negative-ion resonance effects depend on the configuration n, L and S of the neutral state excitation observed. This may be due to the properties of the mixed negative ion component states. Postcollision interaction (PCI) effects the 4s5s 3S1, 4s4d; 5d; 6d 3D1;2;3 and 4s4d; 5d 1D2 photon excitation functions. The PCI mechanism can populate the 4s4d; 5d; 6d 3D1;2;3 and 4s4d; 5d 1D2 states because the scattered and ejected electrons have a similar energy, and can thus exchange a large amount of orbital angular momentum. The present work demonstrates that electron correlation effects, especially those associated with innershell excitation, are very significant in electron scattering from zinc. Existing theoretical models of electron scattering from zinc inadequately treat electron correlations, and as a result of this are inaccurate, as shown here. The studies presented here should guide the development of models that accurately describe the innershell excitation effects, which are important for zinc and a great many other atoms.

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Planells, Noguera Xumeu. "Searching for P- and CP- odd effects in heavy ion collisions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284646.

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In this thesis we study the possibility that QCD breaks parity at high temperatures and densities, a scenario that may be tested in heavy ion collisions. We present two different approaches to this problem. On the one hand, analytical studies with effective models suggest that QCD may break parity in dense systems due to condensation of pseudoscalar mesons in the isotriplet channel. On the other hand, P- and CP- odd bubbles may appear in a finite volume due to local large topological fluctuations in a hot medium. The presence of a large magnetic field or angular momentum may lead to the so-called Chiral Magnetic Effect. We assume topological fluctuations as the source of parity violation in heavy ion collisions throughout. This effect may be treated in a quasi-equilibrium description by means of a non-trivial axial chemical potential. We consider the 'two flavour' Nambu—Jona-Lasinio model in the presence of a vector and an axial external chemical potentials and study the phase structure of the model at zero temperature. The Nambu—Jona-Lasinio model is often used as a toy replica of QCD and it is therefore interesting to explore the consequences of adding external vector and axial chemical potentials in this model, mostly motivated by claims that such external drivers could trigger a phase where parity could be broken in QCD. We are also motivated by some lattice analysis that attempt to understand the nature of the so-called Aoki phase using this simplified model. Analogies and differences with the expected behaviour in QCD are discussed and the limitations of the model are pointed out. We also consider the low energy realization of QCD in terms of mesons when an axial chemical potential is present; a situation that may be relevant in heavy ion collisions. We demonstrate that the presence of an axial charge has profound consequences on scalar/pseudoscalar meson physics. The most notorious effect is the appearance of an explicit source of parity breaking. The eigenstates of strong interactions do not have a definite parity and interactions that would otherwise be forbidden compete with the familiar ones. We focus on scalars and pseudoscalars that are described by a generalized linear sigma model. We comment briefly on the screening role of axial vectors in formation of effective axial charge and on the possible experimental relevance of our results, whose consequences may have been already seen at RHIC. Finally, we investigate how local parity breaking may affect vector physics. A modified dispersion relation is derived for the lightest vector mesons rho and omega. They are characterised by a mass splitting depending on their polarization. This effect predicts a natural overproduction of lepton pairs in the vicinity of the rho-omega resonance peak as well as a polarization asymmetry around this peak. The dilepton excess seems relevant to explain the anomalous dielectron yield quoted by PHENIX/STAR. We present a detailed analysis of the angular distribution associated to the lepton pairs created from these mesons searching for polarization dependencies. Two angular variables are found to carry the main information related to the parity-breaking effect. Possible signatures for experimental detection of local parity breaking are discussed.
En esta tesis estudiamos la posibilidad de que QCD rompa paridad a altas temperaturas y densidades, un escenario que se puede examinar en colisiones de iones pesados. Estudios analíticos con modelos efectivos sugieren que QCD puede romper paridad en sistemas densos. Además, pueden aparecer burbujas con P y CP impar en un volumen finito debido a grandes fluctuaciones topológicas locales en un medio caliente. Este último efecto puede ser tratado en una descripción cercana al equilibrio mediante un potencial químico axial. Consideramos el modelo de Nambu—Jona-Lasinio con ‘dos sabores’ en presencia de un potencial químico vectorial y uno axial y estudiamos la estructura de fases del modelo a temperatura cero. Estas magnitudes podrían abrir una fase donde la paridad podría romperse en QCD. También nos motivan algunos análisis en el retículo que intentan entender la naturaleza de la llamada fase de Aoki usando este modelo simplificado. Se discuten analogías y diferencias con el comportamiento esperado en QCD además de las limitaciones del modelo. Consideramos también la realización de QCD a bajas energías en términos de mesones en presencia de un potencial químico axial. Demostramos que la presencia de una carga axial tiene profundas consecuencias en la física de mesones escalares y pseudoescalares. Los autoestados de la interacción fuerte no tienen una paridad bien definida y en consecuencia, algunas interacciones antes prohibidas, ahora compiten con las más familiares. Nos centramos en escalares y pseudoescalares que se describen mediante un modelo sigma lineal generalizado. Finalmente, investigamos cómo la ruptura de paridad local puede afectar la física de mesones vectoriales. Se deriva una relación de dispersión modificada para los mesones más ligeros rho y omega. Este efecto predice una sobreproducción natural de parejas de leptones en las inmediaciones del pico de resonancia rho-omega así como una asimetría en la polarización alrededor de este pico. El exceso de dileptones parece ser relevante para explicar la producción anómala de dielectrones citada por PHENIX/STAR. Presentamos un análisis detallado de la distribución angular asociada a las parejas de leptones creadas de estos mesones en busca de dependencias en la polarización. Se encuentran dos variables angulares que transportan la información principal relacionada con el efecto de ruptura de paridad.

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Ezzeddine, Rana. "Le rôle des collisions avec l'hydrogène dans la determination hors-ETL de l'abondance du fer dans les étoiles froides." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS147/document.

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La détermination d'abondances stellaires très précises a toujours été et reste un point clé de toute analyse spectroscopique.Cependant, de nombreuses études ont montré que l'hypothèse de l'équilibre thermodynamique local (ETL), largement utilisée dans les analyses spectroscopiques est inadéquate pour déterminer les abondances et les paramètres stellaires des étoiles géantes et pauvres en métaux où les effets hors-ETL dominent. C'est pourquoi, une modélisation hors-ETL des spectres stellaires est cruciale afin de reproduire les observations et ainsi déterminer avec précision les paramètres stellaires.Cette modélisation hors-ETL nécessite l'utilisation d'un grand jeu de données atomiques, qui ne sont pas toujours connues avec certitude. Dans les étoiles froides, les taux de collisions de l'atome d'hydrogène sont une des principales sources d'incertitudes. Ces taux sont souvent calculés en considérant une approche classique (l'approximation de Drawin) pour les transitions permises lié-lié et les transitions d'ionisations. Cette approche classique tend à surestimer les taux de collisions et ne reproduit pas correctement le comportement avec les énergies.Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons que l'approximation de Drawin ne peut pas décrire les taux de collisions dans le cas de l'atome d'hydrogène. Nous présentons une nouvelle méthode pour estimer ces taux, par le biais d'ajustement sur des taux quantiques existant pour d'autres éléments.Nous montrons que cette méthode d'ajustement quantique (MAQ) est satisfaisante pour les modélisations hors-ETL lorsque les taux quantiques dédiés ne sont pas effectivement disponibles.Nous testons cette nouvelle méthode, avec le modèle d'atome de Fer que nous avons développé, sur des étoiles de référence issues « du Gaia-ESO survey ».En partant de paramètres photosphériques non-spectroscopiques connus, nous déterminons les abondances (1D) en fer de ces étoiles de référence dans les cas ETL et hors-ETL .Nos résultats dans le cas hors ETL conduisent à un excellent accord entre les abondances de FeI et FeII avec de faibles écarts types de raies à raies, particulièrement dans le cas des étoiles pauvres en métaux.Notre méthode est validée par comparaison avec de nouveaux calculs quantiques préliminaires sur l'atome de Fe I et d'hydrogène, dont les ajustements sont en excellent accord avec les nôtres
Determination of high precision abundances has and will always be an important goal of all spectroscopic studies. The use of LTE assumption in spectroscopic analyses has been extensively shown in the literature to badly affect the determined abundances and stellar parameters, especially in metal-poor and giant stars which can be subject to large non-LTE effects. Non-LTE modeling of stellar spectra is therefore essential to accurately reproduce the observations and derive stellar abundances. Non-LTE calculations require the inputof a bulk of atomic data, which may be subject to uncertainties. In cool stars, hydrogen collisional rates are a major source of uncertainty, which are often approximated using a classical recipe (the Drawin approximation) for allowed bound-bound, and ionization transitions only. This approximation has been shown to overestimate the collisional rates, and does not reproduce the correct behavior with energies. We demonstrate in this dissertation the inability of the Drawin approximation to describe the hydrogen collisional rates.We introduce a new method to estimate these rates based on fitting the existing quantum rates of other elements. We show that this quantum fitting method (QFM) performs well in non-LTE calculations when detailed quantum rates are not available. We test the newly proposed method, with a complete iron model atom that we developed, on a reference set of stars from the Gaia-ESO survey. Starting from well determined non-spectroscopic atmospheric parameters, we determine 1D, non-LTE, and LTE iron abundances for this set ofstars. Our non-LTE results show excellent agreement between Fe I and Fe II abundances and small line-by-line dispersions, especially for the metal-poor stars. Our method is validated upon comparison with new preliminary Fe I+H quantum calculations, whose fits show an excellent agreement with ours

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30

Nicolas, Marjorie. "Effets post-collisionnels dans l'ionisation de cibles atomiques par impact électronique à basse énergie." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2052.

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Une approximation en ondes deformees au premier ordre de born est utilisee pour modeliser le processus d'ionisation de l'hydrogene par impact electronique a basse energie. Le but de ce travail consiste a prendre en compte l'effet post-collisionnel entre les deux electrons de l'etat final. Au sein d'un traitement quantique du processus, nous utilisons une description classique rigoureuse pour decrire cet effet post-collisionnel. Les equations de la mecanique classique permettent de determiner les trajectoires classiques des deux electrons de l'etat final. Le modele ne neglige aucun terme et prend bien en compte les composantes angulaires des forces agissant sur les electrons. A partir des trajectoires des electrons, des potentiels de distorsion sont calcules puis introduits dans le calcul quantique des ondes deformees representant les deux electrons du continuum. En outre, pour decrire l'etat initial nous utilisons une onde deformee pour representer l'electron incident et une orbitale polarisee de la cible. Nous obtenons enfin les sections efficaces triplement differentielles que nous comparons aux donnees experimentales disponibles. Nous nous interessons a l'ionisation de l'atome d'hydrogene en geometrie coplanaire dans le cas d'une cinematique a partage egal d'energie. Notre methode fait apparaitre une importante amelioration comparee a un modele standard en ondes deformees au premier ordre de born: les positions des pics soit sont parfaitement situees, ou sont deplacees vers celles des pics experimentaux de maniere appreciable. L'extension de cette methode a d'autres cinematiques et a d'autres cibles est envisageable sans aucune difficulte majeure

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31

Zaballa, Robert A. "Do R[subscript AA] and R[subscript CP] quantify nuclear medium effects?" unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11192008-142332/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Xiaochun He , committee chair; Nikolaus Dietz, Steven Manson, Richard Miller, A.G. Unil Perera, Murad Sarsour, committee members. Description based on contents viewed May14, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85).

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32

Gombeaud, Clément. "Thermalisation dans les collisions d’ions lourds ultrarelativistes." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066179.

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Lors des collisions d'ions lourds au Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) de Brookhaven, les partons composant tous les nucléons mis en jeu interagissent. L'étude de ces interactions est un domaine important de la physique des particules. Jusqu'à présent, on utilisait le plus souvent le modèle hydrodynamique des fluides parfaits (non visqueux) pour rendre compte de l'évolution du système créé dans les collisions. Mais ce modèle est incapable de reproduire l'ensemble des observations expérimentales. Afin de mieux comprendre l'évolution du système créé dans une collision d'ions lourds, j'ai réalisé une résolution numérique de l'équation de Boltzmann à (2+1)dimensions afin de simuler la dynamique d'un gaz de particules relativistes. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer que l'introduction de déviations à l'état d'équilibre thermique local permet de comprendre certaines des mesures expérimentales que les calculs d'hydrodynamique idéale ne sont pas à même d'expliquer. L'étude de la dépendance en centralité du flot elliptique nous a permis d'évaluer le degré de thermalisation de (le nombre de Knudsen correspondant à) la matière créée dans les collisions centrales, Au-Au à sqrt s=200~GeV, au RHIC. Nous avons alors pu montrer que la prise en compte des effets de thermalisation partielle permettait d'expliquer le ``HBT Puzzle''. Néanmoins, la thermalisation partielle n'est pas, à elle seule, capable de faire s'accorder prédictions théoriques et données expérimentales. D'autres effets physiques semblent avoir été sous-estimés comme les fluctuations dans les conditions initiales dont on a montré qu'elles étaient un ingrédient clef dans l'étude du rapport {4}/(v_{2})^2.

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Koubek, Jindrich. "Rovibrational study of DNO3 nu5 band and collisional effect studies of CH3F microwave spectra with and without Stark effect." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674500.

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The work presented in this thesis belongs to the domain of theoretical and experimental gas phase molecular spectroscopy. It consists of two parts dedicated to two relatively different aspects in this field. The first part presents a high resolution analysis of the ν5 fundamental band (NO2 in plane bending mode) positions and intensities of D14NO3 (deuterated nitric acid) in the 11 µm spectral region. For this study, we used an infrared spectrum of D14NO3 recorded in the 700−1400 cm−1 region on a Fourier transform spectrometer at Bergische Universität in Wuppertal (Germany). Our analysis demonstrates that the fundamental ν5 band centered at 887.657 cm−1 is strongly perturbed. Indeed, it proves that 5^1 and 7^1+9^1 energy levels of DNO3 are coupled through A and B type Coriolis resonances. The resonance scheme for the isotopologue D14NO3 therefore differs substantially from the schemes of H14NO3 and H15NO3 that feature dominantly Fermi type resonances. The second theme treated in this work is devoted to the lineshapes of pure rotational transitions of CH3F with the study of collisional broadening (collisions CH3F-CH3F and CH3F-He) of optical transitions and their Stark components. The microwave measurements were realised at ICT in Prague. Their analysis enabled to provide collisional parameters using various line profiles (Voigt, Rautian, Speed dependent) for the J, K → J + 1, K (K = 0, ..., J) transitions with J = 1 and J = 3 as well as for their various Stark components J, K, M → J + 1, K, M' (|M| = 0, ..., J ; |M − M'| = 0, 1). Moreover, a correct use of model based on Infinite Order Sudden approximation led to very satisfactory results of the observed line-mixing effects. The retrieved experimental results complete and extend the previous studies and provide the first successful demonstration of the ability of the IOS approximation to model line-mixing effects among Stark transitions

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Zhang, R. "R-matrix calculations of polarisation effects in low-energy positron-molecule collisions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/552286/.

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The study of the interaction of positrons with atoms and molecules has become increasingly popular, because more and more experimental activities have become feasible. Although exchange effects are absent, the polarisation effects, caused by the attractive nature between the positron and the target electrons, make the positron-molecule collisions more diffcult to handle than the corresponding electron collisions. This thesis gives the calculations of positron collisions with polar molecule H2O and non-polar molecules, H2 and C2H2 at energies below the positronium formation threshold. All calculations were carried out using the modied version of the UK molecular R-matrix code. Due to the large permanent dipolar nature of water molecule, the three models tested give very similar results. However, for positron collision with non-polar molecules, the polarisation effects can be very important in the calculation. The molecular R-matrix with pseudostates (MRMPS) method has been employed to analyse the positron collision with non-polar molecules, and found to lead to an excellent representation of target polarisation. C2H2 is the simplest molecule that has very enhanced annihilation parameter Zeff, which can be determined by the total scattering wavefunction. So a new sub-code was developed for calculating Zeff based on the UK R-matrix polyatomic code and employed to treat positron collisions with H atom, H2 and C2H2 molecules. It has been found that Zeff values are also sensitive to the degree of polarisation included in calculations and are greatly improved by use of the MRMPS method.

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Hornung, Balázs. "Rotational polarisation effects in the inelastic collisions of NO(X) and Ar." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fe4368b-6e16-469b-89bf-c8847203234e.

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Rotational polarisation effects have been investigated in the rotationally inelastic collisions of NO(X) and Ar by means of theoretical and experimental methods. Rotational polarisation describes the correlation between the k–k'–j' vectors, that is the initial and final relative velocities of the colliding partners and the final rotational angular momentum of the diatom, respectively. The simplest types of polarisation are the rotational orientation, or preferred sense of rotation, and the rotational alignment, or preferred plane of rotation. They are quantised by the renormalised polarisation dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) In this thesis the theoretical methods included exact quantum mechanical, quasi- classical trajectory and Monte Carlo classical hard shell calculations. Various features of the interaction potential influence differently the polarisation dynamics. The effects of attraction and soft repulsion were elucidated employing a number of differently modified potentials. The rotational alignment is primarily determined by a classical impulsive, or hard shell mechanism at a collision energy of 66 meV. The attractive and soft repulsive forces only perturb this underlying mechanism. On the other hand, the parity dependent oscillations of the open shell alignment moments are due to differences between the quantum mechanical differential cross sections. It has been shown the bigger the well depth compared to the collision energy, the less applicable becomes the classical hard shell model to describe rotational alignment. The quantum mechanical rotational alignment in the collisions of hard shells was also calculated. The classical and quantum mechanical hard shell models predict different rotational alignment. Nevertheless, the classical alignment is a good approximation to the exact quantum mechanical results. The rotational orientation is much more sensitive to the details of the interaction potential. It does not exist in the classical description of hard shell collisions, if the system exhibits certain symmetry properties. The attraction and finite range repulsion break this symmetry and leads to the molecule having a preferred sense of rotation. In general there is non-vanishing rotational orientation in the collisions of a hard shell in the framework of quantum mechanics. This is due to the finite spatial and temporal interaction of the colliding partners. Quantum mechanical interference effects also play an important role in this phenomenon. The rotational alignment was experimentally determined in the collisions of NO(X) and Ar at collision energy of 66meV with a hexapole state selective ion-imaging apparatus. An algorithm was developed based on the Fourier moment analysis to extract rotational polarisation information from the experimental ion images. It is fast and robust and can also be of used to simulate experimental images. This algorithm was used to retrieve the experimental renormalised PDDCSs ion images. The measurements confirmed that a classical, impulsive dynamics is mainly responsible for the rotational alignment in these collisions.

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Dinh, Phuong Mai. "Etude des effets collectifs dans les collisions d'ions lourds ultrarelativistes." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001582.

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Les collisions d'ions lourds ultrarelativistes, dont le but est la formation et l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons, recouvrent un
vaste domaine de la physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies. Nombreuses sont les observables proposées comme signature de la
formation du plasma de quarks et de gluons. Dans mon travail de thèse, je me suis penchée sur deux d'entre elles: la suppression du
J/Psi et les effets collectifs ou de ``flot''.

Dans cet exposé, je ne discuterai que du flot, ce dernier occupant la majeure partie de ma thèse. Après avoir présenté la problématique
de l'analyse de flot, je montrerai les limitations méthodes ``standard'' utilisées depuis 1985, notamment sur les données publiées en
1998 par la collaboration NA49 du CERN. J'exposerai alors une nouvelle méthode d'analyse se basant sur un développement en
cumulants des corrélations azimutales multiples. Cette méthode non seulement généralise la méthode standard mais également permet
des mesures de flot plus fines, là où les méthodes conventionnelles échouent. Je présenterai enfin mes résultats sur l'analyse des
nouvelles données de NA49.

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Croes, Vivien. "Plasma discharge 2D modeling of a Hall thruster." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX060/document.

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Alors que les applications spatiales prennent une place de plus en plus cruciale dans nos vies, les coûts d'opération des satellites doivent être réduits. Ceci peut être obtenu par l'utilisation de systèmes de propulsion électriques, plus efficients que leurs homologues chimiques traditionnellement utilisés. Une des technologies de propulsion électrique la plus performante et la plus utilisée est le propulseur à effet Hall, toutefois ce système reste complexe et peu compris. En effet de nombreuses questions, concernant le transport anormal des électrons ou les interactions plasma/paroi, sont encore ouvertes.Les réponses à ces questions sont basées sur des mécanismes cinétiques et donc ne peuvent être résolues par des modèles fluides. De plus les caractéristiques géométriques et temporelles de ces mécanismes les rendent difficilement observables expérimentalement. Par conséquent nous avons, pour répondre à ces questions, développé un code cinétique bi-dimensionnel.Grâce à un modèle simplifié de propulseur à effet Hall, nous avons observé l'importance de l'instabilité de dérive électronique pour le transport anormal. Ensuite en utilisant un modèle réaliste de propulseur, nous avons pu étudier les effets des interactions plasma/paroi sur la décharge plasma. Nous avons également pu quantifier les effets intriqués des émissions électroniques secondaires et de l'instabilité de dérive sur le transport anormal. Par une étude paramétrique sur les émissions électroniques secondaires, nous avons pu identifier trois régimes de décharge plasma. Finalement l'impact des ergols alternatifs a pu être étudié en utilisant des processus collisionnels réalistes
As space applications are increasingly crucial in our daily life, satellite operating costs need to be decreased. This can be achieved through the use of cost efficient electric propulsion systems. One of the most successful and competitive electric propulsion system is the Hall effect thruster, but this system is characterized by its complexity and remains poorly understood. Indeed some key questions, concerning electron anomalous transport or plasma/wall interactions, are still to be answered.Answers to both questions are based on kinetic mechanisms, and thus cannot be solved with fluid models. Furthermore the temporal and geometrical scales of these mechanisms make them difficult to be experimentally measured. Consequently we chose, in order to answer those questions, to develop a bi-dimensional fully kinetic simulation tool.Using a simplified simulation of the Hall effect thruster, we observed the importance of the azimuthal electron drift instability for anomalous cross-field electron transport. Then, using a realistic model of a Hall effect thruster, we were able to study the effects of plasma/wall interactions on the plasma discharge characteristics, as well as to quantify the coupled effects of secondary electron emission and electron drift instability on the anomalous transport. Through parametric study of secondary electron emission, three plasma discharge regimes were identified. Finally the impact of alternative propellants was studied

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Gagnon-Moisan, Francis. "Effets d'isospin et noyaux chauds." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112018.

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La décomposition rapide (t<10-21 seconde) du noyau en plusieurs fragments, appelée multifragmentation, est théoriquement associée à une transition de phase de type liquide-gaz. Depuis plusieurs années, les physiciens tentent d'observer une preuve expérimentale de ce phénomène. Afin d'y parvenir, il a été suggéré d'étudier une signature propre du mécanisme par lequel une telle transition procéderait: la décomposition spinodale. La signature de ce mécanisme est la production de fragments de tailles égales. La méthode proposée pour observer cette signature est celle des corrélations en charge à l'aide du calcul des probabilités intrinsèques. La 5ième campagne d'expériences du multidétecteur INDRA a été réalisée au GANIL afin d'obtenir la statistique nécessaire pour avoir un signal positif avec un niveau de confiance de 5σ. Les systèmes 124Xe+112Sn et 136Xe+124Sn ont été étudiés à 32 et 45 AMeV afin d'étudier l'influence du ratio N/Z sur la transition de phase dans les noyaux. La présence d'événements avec une distribution en charge très étroite, conformément à l'hypothèse d'une décomposition spinodale a été confirmée. L'impact de la densité neutronique sur la configuration de la voie de sortie des fragments, dans les collisions centrales a été mis en évidence : un système initialement riche en neutrons produit davantage de fragments et moins de particules qu'un système initialement pauvre. Finalement, une étude du ratio N/Z des fragments en fonction de leur énergie cinétique, dans le but d'obtenir une contrainte expérimentale sur l'énergie de symétrie est réalisée
The rapid decomposition (t<10-21 seconds) of a nucleus into multiple fragments, named multifragmentation, is associated to a liquid-gas phase transition. For many years, physicists have tried to obtain an experimental proof of this behaviour. It has been suggested that, to achieve this, one could observe the particular signature of the mechanism of such a transition: the spinodal decomposition, through the production of equal size fragments. A method is that of charge correlation using intrinsic probabilities. The 5th campaign for the INDRA multidetector which took place at GANIL was aimed at obtaining a high number of events, in order to sign the spinodal decomposition with a high confidence level. The chosen systems were 124Xe+112Sn and 136Xe+124Sn at beam energies of 32 and 45 AMeV. The acquired statistics allowed to confirm the existence of events with very narrow charge distributions, which agrees with the spinodal decomposition hypothesis. The study of 124,136Xe+112,124Sn at 32 and 45 AMeV shows the impact of neutron density on the exit channel: a neutron-rich system produces more fragments and fewer particles than a system initially neutron-poor. Finally, the modification on 27 modules from the INDRA multidetector allows the isotopic resolution of fragments up to oxygen (Z=8). This provides the information required for the study of the N/Z ratio of fragments versus their kinetic energy with the goal of obtaining an experimental constraint on the symmetry term of the equation of state

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Rosa, Silvia A. S. "Highway Effects on Small Mammal Communities and Effectiveness of a Deer-Vehicle Collision Mitigation Strategy." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6615.

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My work focused on the study of road effects and mitigation of negative impacts of roads on wildlife. Two different studies were conducted on Interstate 15, in southern Utah. My first study reported on road effects on small mammal communities. The results suggested that overall, there was no clear effect on small mammal populations relative to distance from the road. Most small mammal species did not appear to be negatively affected by the presence of the road. Instead, the road seemed to have either a neutral or a positive effect. The abundance and diversity of small mammals responded more markedly to microhabitat than to the presence of the highway. I suggest that other factors such as water runoff during rainy periods may be responsible for the detected patterns by increasing primary productivity in areas close to the road. I conclude that roads may often provide favorable micro-habitat in the desert landscape for many small mammals and that the disturbance caused by the highway use (e.g., noise, road surface vibration) seemed to have a negligible effect on these organisms . My second study examined the effectiveness of a mitigation strategy to reduce mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) road mortality. Mitigation included exclusion fencing, earthen escape ramps, and underpass crossing structures . Results comparing mortality data before and after the mitigation showed 76-96% reductions of deer vehicle collisions. There was no evidence that the mitigation caused "end-of-the-fence" problems, i.e., higher mortality at the ends of the exclusion fencing . Results from underpass camera monitoring showed an increasing deer use of the underpasses over time. The volume of crossings recorded on new underpass structures approached the volume of crossings observed in a 20-year-old control underpass. My results suggest that human use and location of structures influenced deer use of underpasses. Overall results show that the mitigation strategy was effective and has reduced the number of deer-vehicle accidents while allowing easier wildlife movement across the landscape. I presented future maintenance recommendations to assure a long-term success for this strategy.

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Zaballa, Robert Adrian. "Do R_{AA} and R_{CP} Quantify Nuclear Medium Effects?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/28.

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With the use of an incoherent binary nucleon-nucleon collision model of heavy ion collisions for simulating particle production, it is demonstrated that the nuclear modification factors, R_{AA} and R_{CP}, are less than unity for hard scattering in the absence of any nuclear modification effects. The nuclear modification factor R_{dAu} is also shown to approach or exceed unity only if p_T broadening is taken into account. With a simple phenomenological parameter, the mean nucleon energy loss fraction, this model yields particle distributions that are comparable to those of experiment. The nuclear geometry is described by the Glauber model, and particle production is simulated by the PYTHIA event generator.

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Kim, Yong-Seok. "Effects of Driver, Vehicle, and Environment Characteristics on Collision Warning System Design." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1121.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of driver, vehicle, and environment characteristics on Collision Warning System (CWS) design. One hypothesis was made that the capability of collision avoidance would not be same among a driver, vehicle, and environment group with different characteristics. Accident analysis and quantitative analysis was used to examine this hypothesis in terms of ‘risk’ and ‘safety margin’ respectively. Rear-end collision had a stronger focus in the present study.

As a result of accident analysis, heavy truck showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents than car and light truck. Also, dry road surface compared to wet or snow, dark condition compared to daylight condition, straight road compared to curved road, level road compared to grade, crest or sag, roadway having more than 5 travel lanes compared to roadway having 2, 3 or 4 travel lanes showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents. Relative rear-end accidents involvement proportion compared to the other types of collision was used as a measure of susceptibility.

As a result of quantitative analysis, a significant difference in terms of Required Minimum Warning Distance (RMWD) was made among a different vehicle type and braking system group. However, relatively small difference was made among a different age, gender group in terms of RMWD. Based on the result, breaking performance of vehicle should be regarded as an input variable in the design of CWS, specifically warning timing criteria, was concluded.

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Parker, Israel David. "Effects of translocation and deer-vehicle collision mitigation on Florida Key deer." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1878.

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Vandor, Balazs. "Effects of displays and alerts on subject reactions to potential collisions during closely spaced parallel approaches." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23296.

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Boilley, D. "Approches stochastiques de la dynamique des collisions nucléaires." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553521.

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Afin d'étudier l'influence des fluctuations sur différents phénomènes physiques liés aux collisions entre ions lourds, une équation de Langevin a été obtenue à partir d'un modèle microscopique. Les paramètres entrant dans cette équation sont entièrement déterminés à partir de grandeurs microscopiques caractérisant la matière nucléaire. Cette équation a été appliquée à des phénomènes physiques aux énergies intermédiaires. Une première partie concerne les mouvements collectifs de faible amplitude, à savoir les résonnances géantes. Les effets de mémoire dans le terme decollisions de l'équation de Boltzmann ont été étudiés. Une approche formelle à l'influencedes fluctuations sur plusieurs modes couplés est aussi proposée. Une deuxième partie concerne les mouvements collectifs de grande amplitude où une étude détaillée de la fission thermique est faite . Le taux de fission est calculé et confronté aux résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, un travail préliminaire sur la multifragmentation est proposé.

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Lemos, Elizabeth Haley. "Comparison of Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Under Binocular and Monocular Conditions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523474140184463.

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Heide, Bernd, and Hanns-Werner Barz. "Effects of flow on intermediate mass fragments in central gold on gold collisions." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-32412.

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Martinez, Osorio Yeisson Fabian. "Atomic Processes in Stellar Atmospheres : Inelastic Collisions and Effects on Late-type Spectra." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk astrofysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-249168.

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Chemical abundances as measured from stellar spectral lines are often subject to uncertainties due to lack of accurate data for inelastic collisions, which is needed for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) modelling. For cool stars, understanding of collision processes with electrons and hydrogen atoms is required to achieve high precision measurements. In this thesis, I have investigated the role of these collisions on the non-LTE formation of Li and Mg spectral lines in late-type stars. In the case of Li, electron impact excitation processes were calculated using the R-matrix with pseudo states method and the results found to agree well with recent calculations using the convergent close-coupling technique. These modern data were employed in non-LTE calculations by updating an existing model atom, which already included modern data for hydrogen collision processes. Our results were compared with calculations using older semi-empirical approximation calculations and only small differences were found: about 0.01 dex (~ 2%) or less in the abundance corrections. We therefore conclude that the influence of uncertainties in the electron collision data on non-LTE calculations is negligible. Indeed, together with the collision data for the charge transfer process Li + H ↔ Li+ + H- now available, and barring the existence of an unknown important collisional process, the collisional data in general is not a source of significant uncertainty in non-LTE Li line formation calculations. In the case of Mg, electron impact excitation processes were again calculated with the Rmatrix with pseudo states method, and used together with recent hydrogen collision calculations to build and test a model atom, without free parameters, for non-LTE modelling. Both electron and hydrogen collision processes, including charge transfer and excitation, are found to be important thermalising agents in various cases. The modelled spectra agree well with observed spectra from benchmark stars in the optical and infrared. The modelling predicts non-LTE abundance corrections ∆A(Mg)NLTE–LTE in dwarfs, both solar metallicity and metal-poor, to be very small (of order 0.01 dex), even smaller than found in previous studies. In giants, corrections vary greatly between lines, but can be as large as 0.4 dex. Results of calculations in a large grid of 1D model atmospheres are presented, and the implications for studies of Mg discussed. The propagation of uncertainties in the inelastic collision data to those in stellar abundances is investigated, and found to lead to small uncertainties, once again typically less than 0.01 dex (2%), although for few stellar models in specific lines (e.g., metal-poor suns, in the 7691 Å line) uncertainties can be as large as 0.03 dex (7%).

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Heide, Bernd, and Hanns-Werner Barz. "Effects of flow on intermediate mass fragments in central gold on gold collisions." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 1994. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22069.

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Zoccola, Diana. "Neurocognitive effects of head and body collisions on club level rugby union players." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016397.

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The objective of the study was to investigate the cumulative neurocognitive effects of repetitive concussive and subconcussive events in club level Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) during the course of one rugby season, in a combined group and individualized case-based approach. Amateur adult club level rugby players (n = 20) were compared with a non-contact control group (n = 22) of equivalent age, years of education and estimated IQ (p = > .05, in all instances), although the two groups were clearly differentiated on the basis of a history of reported concussions (p = < .05). Video analyses documented the tackling maneuvers observed amongst the players during all matches across the rugby season revealing a sobering average of more than a thousand tackles per player, excluding any contact practice sessions. Five rugby players (n = 5) who were observed to have a head jarring event were also isolated for individualized postconcussive follow-up analysis of their neurocognitive profiles. Measures included the ImPACT Verbal and Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time composites and the Purdue Pegboard. Independent and dependent statistical analyses were employed to compare the rugby versus control group neurocognitive test profiles at and between the three test intervals. Correlational analyses explored the association between concussion, tackling and neurocognitive test outcomes. Descriptive comparisons of individual neurocognitive test scores with normative data were employed for the case analyses. Taken together, the results implicated vulnerability amongst club rugby players on the motor and speeded tasks, with less robust indications on the memory tasks. While limited in terms of its small sample size, it is considered that the outcome of the study was rendered more robust by virtue of being methodologically multifaceted with heuristic implications for future research studies in the area. The novel inclusion of tackling data as well as fine-tuned case analyses, were of particular relevance in that regard. The results add to a growing body of literature that implicates deleterious neurocognitive effects in participants of a sport such as rugby due to repetitive head jarring incidents that are intrinsic to the game.

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Masaoka, Yoshitada. "Study of alpha particle confinement and effects of nonlinear collisions in heliotron reactors." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/174930.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Collisional effects'

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