Journal articles: 'Collective transport system'

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Wieczorek, Iwona. "MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR URBAN PUBLIC COLLECTIVE TRANSPORT IN POLAND." DIEM Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 8, no. 1 (August 2023): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2023/1.14.

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The implementation of intelligent transport system solutions in cities provides passengers with better comfort and safety, moreover it considers the adaptation of vehicles to the needs of people with disabilities, the distribution of tickets as well as the broader infrastructure. The progressive digitization of transport services creates the opportunity to take use of the time spent traveling. Planning a smart city offering effective solutions in the field of urban mobility is one of the main problems of urban areas. The development of electromobility should contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the share of alternative fuels in public transport. Through a system of incentives for residents to cycle and walk, local governments create their mobility. The aim of the study is to present current solutions in public transport used in Polish cities. The empirical material based on the survey allows for a comprehensive look at the development of urban public transport.

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Dierl, Marcel, Mario Einax, Petr Chvosta, Wolfgang Dieterich, and Philipp Maass. "Collective particle transport in a peristaltic ratchet system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 490 (March 11, 2014): 012184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/490/1/012184.

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Lee, W., D. R. Smith, E. Mazzucato, H. K. Park, C. W. Domier, and N. C. Luhmann. "Collective scattering system for transport study on NSTX." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 227 (May 1, 2010): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/227/1/012004.

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Golini, Ruggero, Cindy Guerlain, Alexandra Lagorio, and Roberto Pinto. "AN ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT COLLECTIVE DECISION MAKING ON URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 890–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6591.

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This paper proposes a framework that supports the collection and classification of information about the features of a city relevant to Urban Freight Transport (UFT). The information is organized in a framework of 28 different layers that are then stored in a Geographic Information System (GIS) tool to enable efficient data retrieval and effective information graphical display. The resulting GIS tool thus represents a decision support system for UFT problems, providing decision makers and stakeholders with a wide range of easy to understand information aimed to support the identification and preliminary evaluation of UFT solutions. Moreover, by providing a standardized set of features and sources of information, the framework enables the comparison of different cities. To illustrate the benefits, prototypical real-scale tests based on the framework have been realized in two mid-sized European cities: Bergamo (North of Italy) and Luxembourg. For both cities, data were mainly collected from publicly available sources and organized according to the framework. The data and information collected have been used in collaboration with the stakeholders in order to identify the priorities of intervention and evaluate alternative UFT solutions. The real-scale applications confirmed the usability and effectiveness of the framework in engaging stakeholders and support the process of envisioning shared UFT solutions.

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Agureev, I. E., and A. V. Akhromeshin. "APPROACHES TO FORMALIZING THE CONCEPT OF TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR OF THE POPULATION OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 2 (2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-2-60.

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The article deals with the field of knowledge about the transport behavior of passengers in complex transport systems of megacities, large cities and their agglomerations, in which there is a great variety of transport systems. These systems form hierarchies, where each level is described by mathematical models of homogeneous transport systems and serves as a decision-making area for implementing collective transport behavior. A review of the works of foreign and domestic authors dealing with the definition of the concept of “transport behavior”, its semantic content, a new approach to the definition of transport behavior is presented. The functional description of the “transport system of individual behavior” is presented as a collective result of the decisions made on trips that occur at certain time intervals in the transport system of the agglomeration. The mathematical description of the transport system based on the theory of macrosystems is given as a multicomponent heterogeneous open system, in which there are many decisions about the trip and the corresponding set of transport processes that ensure the achievement of the efficiency criterion.

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Mohd Isamil, Maria. "A Framework of Collective Transport Planning: Case Study of Local Districts in Kelantan, Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research 08, no. 02 (November 30, 2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.61211/mjqr080208.

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The main aim of most transport systems is to improve people’s accessibility to basic goods, services, and facilities. An efficient transportation system not only enhances people’s quality of life, it can also help to facilitate industrial economic activities and to sustain stable economic growth. Thus, it is ultimately important for transport planning to be properly planned and implemented. Improving rural access to transportation is essential as it can improve the social well-being of the rural community. An accessible rural transport system can be achieved with an efficient planning and implementation process. The study adopts a qualitative approach by conducting semi-structured interviews to illustrate the transport planning systems in the selected local districts in Kelantan, Malaysia. The target population of the study is the policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels who are directly involved in planning and implementing the transport plan. A total of 17 respondents were interviewed among them were 13 policymakers (federal, state and local); 2 local transport operators and 2 transport experts. From the study, it has been found that the fragmentation of the organizational structures between federal, state, and local governments throughout the planning and implementation process is mainly due to poor coordination among government agencies that are highly influenced by political factors. This situation has adversely affected the three government levels’ relationship and caused friction between them. Therefore, a robust collective transport planning framework is significant in formulating and implementing a sound and sustainable transport policy in Malaysia.

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Maeda, Atsutaka. "Novel Class of Collective Charge Transport in Intrinsically Inhomogeneous Electron System." JPSJ News and Comments 1 (October 16, 2004): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsjnc.1.03.

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Zheng, Zhigang, Jian Gao, and Gang Hu. "Collective Directional Transport of Coupled Oscillators in Symmetric Periodic Potentials." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 22n24 (September 30, 2003): 4415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203022544.

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Collective directional transport of particles in symmetric periodic potentials is studied. An example is given to reveal the directed motion of a single particle in a symmetric periodic potential and subject to an asymmetric ac force with zero mean. It is then shown that the asymmetric coupling can give rise to a directed transport. The transport failure (pinning of the lattice) is related to the phase delocalization (crisis) in the circle map. For symmetric couplings, it is found that a train of plane wave can also lead to a directed transport. The mode-locking steps of the transport velocity is found and analyzed. The collective transport can be well optimized by adjusting parameters in the system.

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Leighton, Matthew P., and David A. Sivak. "Performance scaling and trade-offs for collective motor-driven transport." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac3db7.

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Abstract Motor-driven intracellular transport of organelles, vesicles, and other molecular cargo is a highly collective process. An individual cargo is often pulled by a team of transport motors, with numbers ranging from only a few to several hundred. We explore the behavior of these systems using a stochastic model for transport of molecular cargo by an arbitrary number N of motors obeying linear Langevin dynamics, finding analytic solutions for the N-dependence of the velocity, precision of forward progress, energy flows between different system components, and efficiency. In two opposing regimes, we show that these properties obey simple scaling laws with N. Finally, we explore trade-offs between performance metrics as N is varied, providing insight into how different numbers of motors might be well-matched to distinct contexts where different performance metrics are prioritized.

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Lin, Gui-Wu, Yu-Yiu Lam, Dong-Qin Zheng, and Wei-Rong Zhong. "Relativistic collective diffusion in one-dimensional systems." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 12 (May 3, 2018): 1850144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218501448.

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The relativistic collective diffusion in one-dimensional molecular system is investigated through nonequilibrium molecular dynamics with Monte Carlo methods. We have proposed the relationship among the speed, the temperature, the density distribution and the collective diffusion coefficient of particles in a relativistic moving system. It is found that the relativistic speed of the system has no effect on the temperature, but the collective diffusion coefficient decreases to zero as the velocity of the system approaches to the speed of light. The collective diffusion coefficient is modified as [Formula: see text] for satisfying the relativistic circumstances. The present results may contribute to the understanding of the behavior of the particles transport diffusion in a high speed system, as well as enlighten the study of biological metabolism at relativistic high speed situation.

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Wang, Chen, and Ke-Wei Sun. "Nonequilibrium steady state transport of collective-qubit system in strong coupling regime." Annals of Physics 362 (November 2015): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2015.09.005.

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Colombo, Cristian Giovanni, Alessandro Saldarini, Michela Longo, Morris Brenna, and Fabio Borghetti. "Collective water transport electrification: Venetian ferry boat case study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1281, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1281/1/012073.

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Abstract This paper studies and analyzes the energy transition of ferry boats used in Venice as a means of public transportation. Thus, the goal is to reduce their environmental impact by replacing the current installed thermal propulsion with an equivalent low-emission electric type. A study was conducted aimed at sizing the most suitable electric motor and battery pack to be installed, as well as the most suitable charging system for the vehicle and the area involved in this case study. The shift to electric traction will bring new challenges for the service, but also the possibility to decarbonize the water transport in Venice, preserving air quality and the monuments of the UNESCO site. Therefore, it is noted how these changes may impact service delivery.

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Sołdaczuk, Katarzyna. "Smart city integrated urban transport system of Tri-City Metropolitan Area." Transport Economics and Logistics 79 (October 23, 2018): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.79.07.

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The article focuses on two main forms of public transport in the Tri-City: collective transport and road traffic. The current status and proposals for changes are presented. It is also based on the best examples related to public transport according to the smart city concept. It shows in which direction the Tri-City Metropolitan Area is heading and methods of changing the habits of residents are also presented.

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Karoń, Grzegorz, Ryszard Janecki, Renata Żochowska, Aleksander Sobota, Marcin Jacek Kłos, and Piotr Soczówka. "Shaping the collective transport system based on the metropolitan rail on the area of Silesia Metropolis." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 126 (September 1, 2019): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6413.

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The article presents a case study on the application of systems engineering in the development of a metropolitan railway transport system concept. Selected key elements of the design process of this system are presented, including logic of tasks and activities, system variants, products and results of individual variants, and recommendation of variants to be implemented.

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Mazzitello, Karina I., Daniel G. Zarlenga, Fereydoon Family, and Constancio M. Arizmendi. "Aging in the transport on the corrugated ratchet potential." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2023, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 023301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/acaf82.

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Abstract Under rapid undercooling, glass forming liquids freeze in an amorphous state that can equilibrate only on enormously long time-scales, This is the characteristic sign of aging, which has been observed in a wide range of systems. Brownian ratchet is a widely studied system that exhibits many types of anomalous dynamical behavior. We have investigated the possibility of aging in the collective motion of Brownian particles in a periodic ratchet potential with quenched disorder. We find that when a slowly growing fraction of particles are trapped for long time, the collective movement tends to become super-diffusive. The super-diffusive transport weakly breaks the ergodicity and the time to cover the whole phase space become enormously long and reminiscent of aging behavior.

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Gelblum, Aviram, Itai Pinkoviezky, Ehud Fonio, Nir S. Gov, and Ofer Feinerman. "Emergent oscillations assist obstacle negotiation during ant cooperative transport." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 51 (December 5, 2016): 14615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611509113.

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Collective motion by animal groups is affected by internal interactions, external constraints, and the influx of information. A quantitative understanding of how these different factors give rise to different modes of collective motion is, at present, lacking. Here, we study how ants that cooperatively transport a large food item react to an obstacle blocking their path. Combining experiments with a statistical physics model of mechanically coupled active agents, we show that the constraint induces a deterministic collective oscillatory mode that facilitates obstacle circumvention. We provide direct experimental evidence, backed by theory, that this motion is an emergent group effect that does not require any behavioral changes at the individual level. We trace these relaxation oscillations to the interplay between two forces; informed ants pull the load toward the nest whereas uninformed ants contribute to the motion’s persistence along the tangential direction. The model’s predictions that oscillations appear above a critical system size, that the group can spontaneously transition into its ordered phase, and that the system can exhibit complete rotations are all verified experimentally. We expect that similar oscillatory modes emerge in collective motion scenarios where the structure of the environment imposes conflicts between individually held information and the group’s tendency for cohesiveness.

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Davydov, A. M. "WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANS-EURASIAN BELTS." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 5 (October 28, 2017): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-5-24.

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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].Vacuum and levitation transport systems: scientific foundation, technology and outlook for railways: Collective monograph. Edited by B. M. Lapidus, S. B. Nesterov. Moscow, RAS publ., 2017, 192 p. ABSTRACT Collective monograph of the members and scientific partners of the Joint scientific council of the JSC Russian Railways is devoted to the issues of fundamental research in the field of magnetic levitation and vacuum levitation technology. The publication of the book is a timely and important step towards creation of national innovation and engineering consortium of universities, academic and corporate research institutes, design organizations, innovation and venture companies, who will be capable to promote public industrial, scientific, research and educational policy, aimed at creating new magnetic levitation and vacuum levitation transport systems. Keywords: transport, magnetic levitation, projects, vacuum levitation engineering, transcontinental transport system, future railways.

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Barone, Vincenzo, Domenico Walter Edvige Mongelli, and Antonio Tassitani. "Definition of an On-Board Comfort Index (Rail) for the Railway Transport." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7590389.

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The use of collective transport is strongly influenced by the quality of offered service. One of the overriding factors that affect the modal shift process is the quality of transport systems. To increase the attractiveness of collective transport services and therefore reduce the use of cars, authorities in collaboration with transport companies should take steps to ensure a high level of service quality in the public transport system. The provided quality is the level of quality achieved on daily basis and measured by the customer/user point of view. This research aims to relate service quality perceived by the user to measurements of two environmental indicators, that is, vibration, in reference to which the acceleration transmitted to the body by the vehicle motion and by its vibration will be measured, and noise, in reference to which the Equivalent Sound Pressure Level—Leq (A)—will be measured. Finally, a Comfort Index (CI) (rail) is specified, calibrated, and validated.

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Li, Yuheng, Chao Chen, Zhongyu Li, and Jianwei Zhang. "Collective hydrodynamic magnon transport study in magnetically ordered insulator based on Boltzmann approach." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000286.

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The magnon, an elementary excitation of an orderly magnetic system, has recently received a great deal of attention due to its excellent spin transmission properties. Many researchers have observed a strong correlation between magnon transport properties and temperature. Although existing theories already include the influence of temperature, they cannot clearly explain many phenomena. In this article, we introduce a new scattering process, inspired by the nature of the magnon itself and based on the Boltzmann method, which clearly impacts the transport properties of the magnon. This new scattering process is named Normal scattering, and makes the transport of the magnon exhibit a fluid-like property, which can be captured by a viscous fluid transport equation. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental results and the proportion of Normal scattering in the overall scattering changes with temperature, which convincingly explains the temperature dependence of magnon transport.

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Savoie, William, Thomas A. Berrueta, Zachary Jackson, Ana Pervan, Ross Warkentin, Shengkai Li, Todd D. Murphey, Kurt Wiesenfeld, and Daniel I. Goldman. "A robot made of robots: Emergent transport and control of a smarticle ensemble." Science Robotics 4, no. 34 (September 18, 2019): eaax4316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aax4316.

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Robot locomotion is typically generated by coordinated integration of single-purpose components, like actuators, sensors, body segments, and limbs. We posit that certain future robots could self-propel using systems in which a delineation of components and their interactions is not so clear, becoming robust and flexible entities composed of functional components that are redundant and generic and can interact stochastically. Control of such a collective becomes a challenge because synthesis techniques typically assume known input-output relationships. To discover principles by which such future robots can be built and controlled, we study a model robophysical system: planar ensembles of periodically deforming smart, active particles—smarticles. When enclosed, these individually immotile robots could collectively diffuse via stochastic mechanical interactions. We show experimentally and theoretically that directed drift of such a supersmarticle could be achieved via inactivation of individual smarticles and used this phenomenon to generate endogenous phototaxis. By numerically modeling the relationship between smarticle activity and transport, we elucidated the role of smarticle deactivation on supersmarticle dynamics from little data—a single experimental trial. From this mapping, we demonstrate that the supersmarticle could be exogenously steered anywhere in the plane, expanding supersmarticle capabilities while simultaneously enabling decentralized closed-loop control. We suggest that the smarticle model system may aid discovery of principles by which a class of future “stochastic” robots can rely on collective internal mechanical interactions to perform tasks.

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RODRÍGUEZ, ALEJANDRO, ALEXANDER GRUSHIN, and JAMES A. REGGIA. "SWARM INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS USING GUIDED SELF-ORGANIZATION FOR COLLECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING." Advances in Complex Systems 10, supp01 (August 2007): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907001069.

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Drawing inspiration from social interactions in nature, the field of swarm intelligence has presented a promising approach to the design of complex systems consisting of numerous, usually homogeneous, simple parts, to solve a wide variety of problems. Like cellular automata, swarm-intelligence systems involve highly parallel computations across space, based heavily on self-organization, the emergence of global behavior through local interactions of components, and the absence of centralized or global control. However, this has a disadvantage as the desired behavior of a system becomes hard to predict or design based on its local interaction rules. In our ongoing research, we propose to provide greater control over a system, and potentially more useful, goal-oriented behavior, by introducing layered, hierarchical controllers in the particles or components. The layered controllers allow each particle to extend their reactive behavior in a more goal-oriented style, while keeping the locality of the interactions and the general simplicity of the system. In this paper, we present three systems designed using this approach: a competitive foraging system, a system for the collective transport and distribution of goods, and a self-assembly system capable of creating complex structures in a 3D world. Our simulation results show that in all three cases it was possible to guide the self-organization process at different levels of the designated task, suggesting that the self-organizing behavior of swarm-intelligence systems may be extendable to support problem solving in various contexts, such as coordinated robotic teams.

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Agureev, I. E., and A. V. Akhromeshin. "Mathematical Model of Transport Behaviour Based on Transport Macrosystems Theory." World of Transport and Transportation 19, no. 6 (July 23, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-6-2.

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Continuing the study, the purpose of which was to develop a new approach to determining the transport behaviour of residents of urban agglomerations, to outline the main ways of its development, a new description of transport behaviour is proposed based on various scientific disciplines and the theory of macrosystems.This, according to the authors, will make contribution to laying the foundation for creation of a currently missing theory of transport behaviour.A developed mathematical model of transport behaviour based on the provisions of academician Yu. S. Popkov’s theory of macrosystems, uses the entropy approach to determine the equilibrium state of the transport system. At the same time, the model identifies an initial list of parameters responsible for describing the «transport behaviour». The latter is considered as a collective phenomenon that creates a deterministic representation resulting from interaction of many stochastically acting elements (road users). A compiled preliminary scheme can be used to solve the problem of finding unknowns in the system of equations and inequalities within the model.

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Kołodziejski, Hubert, and Olgierd Wyszomirski. "TARIFFS AND TICKETING INTEGRATION OF COLLECTIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE REGION AT THE EXAMPLE OF POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. Ekonomika Transportu i Logistyka 70 (November 24, 2017): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5927.

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Public transport in the region should be integrated in terms of tariffs and ticketing system. The objective of this article is to present the requirements and project of the tariffs and ticketing integration regarding public transport in the region on the example of Pomorskie Voivodeship. The article begins with information on the circumstances of tariffs and ticketing integration in public transport and models of tariffs integration regarding the said transport in the region. Further the article presents the issue of tariffs and ticketing integration in Pomorskie Voivodeship, where the polycentric metropolis of Gdansk Bay is located. The subsequent parts of the article are devoted to the electronic ticketing system as an instrument of the tariffs and ticketing integration in Pomorskie Voivodeship, and the project of tariffs and ticketing integration within the said area. The implementation and functioning of the tariffs and ticketing integration in the region, satisfactory for the passengers, results from accepting the principles of integrated ticket settlements by the integration participants, based on data regarding the completed travels. In Pomorskie Voivodeship it is planned to start the electronic ticket system providing such data.

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Idres, Lahna, and Lila Chabane. "Collective transportation system management in Algiers area: a game theoretic Approach." les cahiers du cread 39, no. 3 (February 10, 2024): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cread.v39i3.7.

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In Algiers area several collective transportation means such as: public buses, private buses, tramway, metro, train, etc are available; nevertheless the lack of coordination among them arises some relevant questions concerning the profitability of these means, as well as the satisfaction of travellers. In order to answer these questions, a statistical survey is conducted by the urban dynamics team of our research centre. Furthermore, the present work aims to figure out optimal strategies of both public authority and the private transport union, taking into account the travellers’ reactions. In this direction, a three steps game is considered. To compute a solution to the game under consideration, an ABC algorithm combined to TOPSIS method are used. The whole methodology is applied to Algiers area and bring solutions that motivate the private operators to cooperate with the authorities’ plans. In addition, the developed algorithm has the advantage to be flexible, since it allows multiple optimal solutions.

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Duteil, Nastassia Pouradier. "Mean-field limit of collective dynamics with time-varying weights." Networks and Heterogeneous Media 17, no. 2 (2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2022001.

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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we derive the mean-field limit of a collective dynamics model with time-varying weights, for weight dynamics that preserve the total mass of the system as well as indistinguishability of the agents. The limit equation is a transport equation with source, where the (non-local) transport term corresponds to the position dynamics, and the (non-local) source term comes from the weight redistribution among the agents. We show existence and uniqueness of the solution for both microscopic and macroscopic models and introduce a new empirical measure taking into account the weights. We obtain the convergence of the microscopic model to the macroscopic one by showing continuity of the macroscopic solution with respect to the initial data, in the Wasserstein and Bounded Lipschitz topologies.</p>

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KUPRIKOV, Mikhail Yu, Yuri A. UTKIN, and Nikita M. KUPRIKOV. "Use of the parachute system for the collective rescue of passengers and aircraft crew." INCAS BULLETIN 13, S (August 3, 2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.s.11.

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This study covers the issues of the security system in civil aviation. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by a qualitatively new approach to the design of civil aviation, since the modern equipment has the means intended for rescue directly in the area of contact of an emergency aircraft with the ground. When hitting the ground, as a rule, the lower part of the airframe is crushed, the fuselages break in the centre wing section, and the interior equipment breaking off is very traumatic to passengers, the engines are extremely fire and explosion dangerous, which leads to an emergency situation developing into a catastrophic one. The purpose of the study is to investigate the existing security system of a civil aircraft and develop the modification of aviation equipment with the help of collective rescue systems. Two main areas of application of collective rescue systems in aviation technology are analysed. As a solution to the problem at hand, a modification in the form of a parachute system of collective rescue is proposed. A detailed description of the system operation with the use of the necessary calculations for weight, aerodynamic and similar costs is given. The system under study relates to aviation technology and can be used in the development of transport (passenger, cargo, business class, etc.) aircraft. The proposed modification would significantly increase the level of flight safety due to a preventive measure that would exclude the contact area of the emergency aircraft with the ground.

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Nesterov, Semen V., Lev S. Yaguzhinsky, Raif G. Vasilov, Vasiliy N. Kadantsev, and Alexey N. Goltsov. "Contribution of the Collective Excitations to the Coupled Proton and Energy Transport along Mitochondrial Cristae Membrane in Oxidative Phosphorylation System." Entropy 24, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121813.

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The results of many experimental and theoretical works indicate that after transport of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, they are retained on the membrane–water interface in nonequilibrium state with free energy excess due to low proton surface-to-bulk release. This well-established phenomenon suggests that proton trapping on the membrane interface ensures vectorial lateral transport of protons from proton pumps to ATP synthases (proton acceptors). Despite the key role of the proton transport in bioenergetics, the molecular mechanism of proton transfer in the OXPHOS system is not yet completely established. Here, we developed a dynamics model of long-range transport of energized protons along the MIM accompanied by collective excitation of localized waves propagating on the membrane surface. Our model is based on the new data on the macromolecular organization of the OXPHOS system showing the well-ordered structure of respirasomes and ATP synthases on the cristae membrane folds. We developed a two-component dynamics model of the proton transport considering two coupled subsystems: the ordered hydrogen bond (HB) chain of water molecules and lipid headgroups of MIM. We analytically obtained a two-component soliton solution in this model, which describes the motion of the proton kink, corresponding to successive proton hops in the HB chain, and coherent motion of a compression soliton in the chain of lipid headgroups. The local deformation in a soliton range facilitates proton jumps due to water molecules approaching each other in the HB chain. We suggested that the proton-conducting structures formed along the cristae membrane surface promote direct lateral proton transfer in the OXPHOS system. Collective excitations at the water–membrane interface in a form of two-component soliton ensure the coupled non-dissipative transport of charge carriers and elastic energy of MIM deformation to ATP synthases that may be utilized in ATP synthesis providing maximal efficiency in mitochondrial bioenergetics.

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PANDEY, R. B., WARREN T. WOOD, and J. F. GETTRUST. "GRADIENT DRIVEN FLOW: LATTICE GAS, DIFFUSION EQUATION AND MEASUREMENT SCALES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 12, no. 02 (February 2001): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183101001687.

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Tracer diffusion and fluid transport are studied in a model for a geomarine system in which fluid constituents move from regions of high to low concentration. An interacting lattice gas is used to model the system. Collective diffusion of fluid particles in lattice gas is consistent with the solution of the continuum diffusion equation for the concentration profile. Comparison of these results validates the applicability and provides a calibration for arbitrary (time and length) units of the lattice gas. Unlike diffusive motion in an unsteady-state regime, both fluid and tracer exhibit a drift-like transport in a steady-state regime. The transverse components of fluid and tracer displacements differ significantly. While the average tracer motion becomes nondiffusive in the long time regime, the collective motion exhibits an onset of oscillation.

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Di Cintio, Pierfrancesco, and Lapo Casetti. "N-body chaos, phase-space transport and relaxation in numerical simulations." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S351 (May 2019): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319006744.

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AbstractUsing direct N-body simulations of self-gravitating systems we study the dependence of dynamical chaos on the system size N. We find that the N-body chaos quantified in terms of the largest Lyapunov exponent Λmax decreases with N. The values of its inverse (the so-called Lyapunov time tλ) are found to be smaller than the two-body collisional relaxation time but larger than the typical violent relaxation time, thus suggesting the existence of another collective time scale connected to many-body chaos.

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Li, Shengkai, Bahnisikha Dutta, Sarah Cannon, Joshua J. Daymude, Ram Avinery, Enes Aydin, Andréa W. Richa, Daniel I. Goldman, and Dana Randall. "Programming active cohesive granular matter with mechanically induced phase changes." Science Advances 7, no. 17 (April 2021): eabe8494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe8494.

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At the macroscale, controlling robotic swarms typically uses substantial memory, processing power, and coordination unavailable at the microscale, e.g., for colloidal robots, which could be useful for fighting disease, fabricating intelligent textiles, and designing nanocomputers. To develop principles that can leverage physical interactions and thus be used across scales, we take a two-pronged approach: a theoretical abstraction of self-organizing particle systems and an experimental robot system of active cohesive granular matter that intentionally lacks digital electronic computation and communication, using minimal (or no) sensing and control. As predicted by theory, as interparticle attraction increases, the collective transitions from dispersed to a compact phase. When aggregated, the collective can transport non-robot “impurities,” thus performing an emergent task driven by the physics underlying the transition. These results reveal a fruitful interplay between algorithm design and active matter robophysics that can result in principles for programming collectives without the need for complex algorithms or capabilities.

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Kopytova, A. V., A. V. Sumachev, and V. A. Zhabskiy. "Development and implementation of a collective agreement on the example of the Tyumen transport and construction company." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926507008.

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The legal regulation of labor relations is carried out by the state on the basis of legislative norms. Legislative norms are the minimum level, and collective agreements of the organization are interested in raising this level. Both employers and employees are interested in the development of the regulatory system. The article presents the recommended structure of the collective agreement for the Tyumen transport and construction company that carries out its activities on the territory of the Russian Federation. Also, the authors developed an algorithm for introducing this collective agreement into practice.

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Meyer, Dirk. "Regulierung versus Deregulierung im Öffentlichen Personennahverkehr – Das Modell eines Nutzerklubs." Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 3, no. 1 (February 2002): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2516.00075.

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Abstract Network effects, economies of scope as well as irreversibilities and subadditive cost functions are characteristics of public passenger transport systems. The proposal of a user club shows that a collective requirement to act can be covered even without state regulations. The club bears the responsibility for a sufficient public transport supply, which local jurisdictions can supplement by their own means. In a public tendering, the club confers the actual supply planning to the management company, which in turn chooses qualified bidders for the carrying out of the public transport services. The different problems of long-run irreversible investments (railway system), an appropriate structure of transport fares to prevent a cherry-picking by outsiders, the stability of the club as well as the role of the state are treated separately.

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Zagitova, Azaliya Azatovna, Andrey Sergeevich Zhuravlev, Leonid Viktorovich Kulik, and Vladimir Umansky. "Spin Transport in a Quantum Hall Insulator." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 8131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178131.

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A novel experimental optical method, based on photoluminescence and photo-induced resonant reflection techniques, is used to investigate the spin transport over long distances in a new, recently discovered collective state—magnetofermionic condensate. The given Bose–Einstein condensate exists in a purely fermionic system (ν = 2 quantum Hall insulator) due to the presence of a non-equilibrium ensemble of spin-triplet magnetoexcitons—composite bosons. It is found that the condensate can spread over macroscopically long distances of approximately 200 μm. The propagation velocity of long-lived spin excitations is measured to be 25 m/s.

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Miao, Xin, David Banister, Yanhong Tang, Min Li, and Bao Xi. "MAINTAINING THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM UNDER EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS: A DUAL-NETWORK PERSPECTIVE." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, Supplement_1 (January 28, 2014): S342—S359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2013.879748.

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Recent years have seen an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events globally, and these have resulted in severe impacts on the transport system. To the means by which the transport system can be maintained under extreme weather events is an emerging topic in transport studies, and this is augmented by a growing concern about climate change. This paper considers transport system as dual-network composed of an interrelated operation level and management level that has some similarities with the theory behind the Wardrop Principle. Evidence from the case study on the snow event in South China in early 2008 is used to draw the dual-network formulation to generalise the law of maintaining the transport system under extreme weather. The mathematical models of the dual-network focus on entropic dynamics in the operation network and matching control activities in the management network. Quantitative evidence is provided to prove the methodology. Interactions through the form of information communication and organisational collaboration within and between networks are highlighted. Incentive mechanisms are emphasised for achieving effective anticipation, prevention and collaboration to coping with extreme weather events. This paper contributes to a better understanding about the role of networks, collective behaviour, information interchange and inter-organisational collaboration in influencing the maintenance of transport system under extreme weather conditions.

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Yu, Sunkyu, Xianji Piao, Jiho Hong, and Namkyoo Park. "Metadisorder for designer light in random systems." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1501851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501851.

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Disorder plays a critical role in signal transport by controlling the correlation of a system, as demonstrated in various complex networks. In wave physics, disordered potentials suppress wave transport, because of their localized eigenstates, from the interference between multiple scattering paths. Although the variation of localization with tunable disorder has been intensively studied as a bridge between ordered and disordered media, the general trend of disorder-enhanced localization has remained unchanged, and the existence of complete delocalization in highly disordered potentials has not been explored. We propose the concept of “metadisorder”: randomly coupled optical systems in which eigenstates can be engineered to achieve unusual localization. We demonstrate that one of the eigenstates in a randomly coupled system can always be arbitrarily molded, regardless of the degree of disorder, by adjusting the self-energy of each element. Ordered waves with the desired form are then achieved in randomly coupled systems, including plane waves and globally collective resonances. We also devise counterintuitive functionalities in disordered systems, such as “small-world–like” transport from non–Anderson-type localization, phase-conserving disorder, and phase-controlled beam steering.

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Torbacki, Witold. "Achieving Sustainable Mobility in the Szczecin Metropolitan Area in the Post-COVID-19 Era: The DEMATEL and PROMETHEE II Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 12672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212672.

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This article presents the idea of modelling and supporting the decision-making process in the field of development directions of a sustainable transport system in a metropolitan area. The global COVID-19 pandemic is causing changes in the perception of the public transport system by passengers. Users’ concerns for their own safety may lead to a shift away from public transport. Policy makers are advised to pay attention to these new phenomena that are hindering the development of sustainable transport in urban areas. Thus, many projects for the development of sustainable urban transport mobility, prepared before COVID-19, require re-analysis and adaptation to the decision-making processes of choosing the preferred means of transport by citizens. The scientific aim of this article was to develop a mathematical model based on the hybrid DEMATEL-PROMETHEE II method, supporting city decision-makers in the decision-making process regarding the selection of appropriate measures supporting the development of sustainable transport. The issues covered in the article include economic, informational and legal aspects, including electromobility, the principles of a low-emission society, and sustainable collective transport. The model was prepared for the needs of the Szczecin Metropolitan Area, where the construction of the Szczecin Metropolitan Railway, delayed by COVID-19, is underway and is to be the main axis of the public transport system. Finally, the article provides a ranking of groups of measures, dimensions and criteria that should be taken into account by decision-makers and planners in the modified plans for the sustainable development of metropolitan transport systems in the period after COVID-19.

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Lipkovich, Igor, Maxim Ukraintsev, Irina Egorova, Sergey Pjatikopov, and Nadezhda Petrenko. "Functional specialized complexes of machine-technical stations as human-machine systems." АгроЭкоИнфо 1, no. 55 (February 9, 2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202131103.

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The article considers functional specialized complexes of machine-technical stations as man-machine systems. On the basis of presented characteristics, it is clear that the machine-technical station is the man-machine system that has a high level of hierarchy. The presented studies can be applied as the basis for clarifying the structure and composition of specialized complexes and machine-technical stations as human-machine systems. Keywords: MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS, MACHINE-TECHNICAL STATION, LABOR COLLECTIVE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCER, COMBINE, HARVESTING AND TRANSPORT COMPLEX

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RAMAZANOV, T. S., and K. N. DZHUMAGULOVA. "Ionization equilibrium and thermodynamic and transport properties of a non-ideal hydrogen plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 68, no. 4 (May 2002): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377802001848.

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The composition of a non-ideal plasma and the thermodynamic functions and conductivity of the system are calculated using the minimum Gibbs free energy method. Interactions of charged particles are described by a pseudopotential model that takes into account collective phenomena (high-order correlation effects) in the plasma.

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Streimikis, Justas, Liudmila Kortenko, Marina Panova, and Mikhail Voronov. "Development of a smart city information system." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130105002.

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This paper is centred around the development of a smart city information system. Smart cities use the framework of information and communications technologies to create, deploy and promote practices that address urban challenges and create, connect and enable sustainable infrastructure. This definition focuses on network deployment, transport, ICT investment, human and social capital to support sustainable community goals and quality of life by involving users of certain technologies and community-based applications in social participation. In this paper, we show that a multi-disciplinary approach is needed to address these issues, combining expertise from distributed systems, software and services engineering, network and data management and processing, crowdsourcing, sensor and update methods, social computing, as well as the collective intelligence.

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Ahijo, Tukur Mohammed. "Citizen participation in decision-making for urban road transport planning in Abuja, Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 1b (March 31, 2023): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i1b.9.

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Abuja, Nigeria is facing a transport crisis. It has only road as its mode of transport, it has inadequate road transport infrastructure and facilities that create delays for commuters. As a result, the city is ill prepared for transport demand and transition to a zero-carbon transport system. This study aims to understand user needs and satisfaction while using the existing transport system, and the involvement of transport users in the development of the city’s transport system. The FCT has a population of 1,406,239, and the average daily passenger number for bus travel in the whole administrative region is under 800,000. This study highlights the implications of inadequate citizen participation, demonstrating an absence of agency to influence strategic planning decisions for road transport provision in the city. A semi-structured interview with 261 commuters (sample size was calculated with 90% confidence level and 5% margin of error) was carried out in Abuja, the interviews was a purely random approach to commuters. The study found out 79.7 of respondents supports the need to involve the citizens in decision making, 62.5% do not own any type of vehicle, 53.6% are not satisfied with public transport services, and 60% of research participants are young people and people of working age. Also, understanding the needs and priorities of commuters and operators of road transport facilities, supported by the necessary numerical and factual data is important for establishing a sustainable transport system in Abuja. It is argued that civic engagement, participation, collective citizen action, and the knowledge of the governance system should be guiding themes for understanding the needs of the stakeholder priorities.

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Dorokhov, Aleksandr, and Nadezhda Vladimirovna Pakhomova. "Fundamentals of theoretical and applied aspects of functioning of collective life saving equipment of sea going ship crews." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2020, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2020-3-7-15.

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The article presents the substantiation of efficiency of sea transport in the world transport system. The main condition of ensuring water safety is equipment of ships with fail-safe and effective collective life-saving equipment (CLSE). Today the standard rescue operation when using CLSE is a series-parallel action of the ship’s crew, where the ship is sinking on an even keel, or with a slight roll to one side. It has been stated that such cases are extremely rare. As a rule, the situation develops rapidly. Accident statistics disposes to developing the modern approaches to the safety of human life at sea. There are two directions for safety ensuring. One of them is the development and implementation of artificial intelligence systems for CLSE, when CLSE independently, without human control, responds to the emergency with greater probability of the ship loss and the crew death. Another direction is when there is no need to save the crew (in case of unmanned ships). There are considered the Russian diesel engines for the lifeboats: specialized marine diesels 4CHSP9.5/11 - Caspiy 30M and 4CHSP9.5/11 - Caspiy 40. Both engines are equipped with a dual start-up system - manual and electric starter, they have a reverse gear transmission, a single-circuit flow-through sea water cooling system, decompression devices and standard mounted units, ac-cording to the requirements of the International Convention of Saving Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Code of Life-Saving Appliances (LSA Code). In modern environment, the scientific foundations and technical solutions are being developed to ensure the reliable start-up of swirl-chamber diesel engines by exposing the fuel to physical fields, without using glow plugs

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Bliss, James P., Corey K. Fallon, Ernesto A. Bustamante, and William R. Bailey. "Weather Deviation Decisions by Air Transport Crews during Simulated Flight." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 1 (September 2005): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900131.

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As the variety and capabilities of cockpit weather displays have increased, weather deviation decisions have become more complex. Important issues include conflicting or outdated weather information, and teamed reactivity of crews to weather displays. We investigated the influence of onboard and NEXRAD agreement, range to the simulated potential weather event, and the pilot flying on collective weather deviation decisions. Twelve pilot-copilot teams flew a simulated route while reacting to weather events presented in two graphical formats on a separate visual display. Results showed that pilots often chose to deviate from weather rather than confront it. When onboard and NEXRAD displays did not agree, flight crews reacted by trusting the onboard system more but using the NEXRAD system as a backup. These results suggest that future weather displays should exploit existing benefits of NEXRAD presentation for situation awareness while retaining the display structure and logic inherent in the onboard system.

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Söderberg, Alfred. "The Substitution Effect of E-bikes and Psychological Processes Influencing Its Use: Results from Two Randomised Controlled Trials in Sweden." Highlights of Sustainability 1, no. 2 (May 17, 2022): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54175/hsustain1020007.

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The market share of e-bikes has increased extensively in Europe over the last decade. How this trend will affect the transport system depends to a large extent on the substitution effect which needs to be determined in detail to allow projections on the potential of e-cycling as a means to promote sustainable transport systems. Further, little is known about what psychological determinants influence e-bike use, an important topic for policy makers that wish to promote e-cycling. This study aggregates GPS data from two randomised controlled trials in Sweden to determine the effect of e-bike use on travel behaviour. Motives behind e-bike use are investigated within a pathanalytic structural model, based on an expanded theory of planned behaviour. The results reveal that, on average, total cycling increased by 4.5 kilometres per person and day during the trials and its modal share measured in distance increased by 19%. E-bike use was predicted by the intention to bike to work, which in turn mediated the effects of attitudes and self-efficacy on e-cycling. Attitude mediated the indirect effect of personal norm on intention and collective efficacy amplified the effect of self-efficacy on intention. The results show that e-cycling has a large potential to contribute to a sustainable transport system. Policy makers could increase the use of e-bikes by strengthening individuals' attitudes toward cycling and perceived self-efficacy to e-cycle, by making environmental personal norms more salient and by highlighting collective action in the effort to limit environmental degradation.

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Chen, Chao, Yuheng Li, and Jianwei Zhang. "Characteristics of magnon-phonon coupling in magnetic insulator based on the Boltzmann equation." AIP Advances 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 025221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000507.

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The magnon, an elementary excitation of an orderly magnetic system, is currently receiving substantial attention due to its excellent spin transmission properties. Researchers have observed a clear correlation between magnon transport properties and temperature. Existing theories do include the influence of temperature, but cannot clearly explain many phenomena, including a detected abnormal negative signal. In this article, we build a new magnon transport theory based on the Boltzmann method, which incorporates a magnetic field-induced “anti-diffusion” driving term, a magnon-phonon interaction induced thermal driving term, and diverse scattering terms, such as a scattering process which leads magnons to a special state with a collective velocity. We claim that collective velocity is the crucial factor in producing an abnormally negative signal. We formulated an equation capturing the system’s spin properties, which we solved. Our results qualitatively explain the abnormal phenomenon observed in experiments.

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Thiel, Tomasz. "A PROPOSAL OF DEFINING PARTICIPANT PREFERENCES IN A DECISION AIDING PROCESS WITH THE PARTICIPANT REPRESENTING A COLLECTIVE BODY." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2006.9637750.

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This paper presents a proposal of defining threshold functions reflecting preferences of a chosen participant in the decision aiding process applied to calculation ELECTRE III method. The decision problem touched valuation scenarios of the development of the mass transit system. The participant in the decision process was a collective body. It was not a very numerous group of representatives (just over a dozen people) of the company management ‐ the Municipal Transport Company.

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Koch-Baumgarten, Sigrid. "Trade Union Regime Formation Under the Conditions of Globalization in the Transport Sector: Attempts at Transnational Trade Union Regulation of Flag-of-Convenience Shipping." International Review of Social History 43, no. 3 (December 1998): 369–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859098000212.

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The article deals with an outstanding example of transnational trade union cooperation in the transport industry. It analyses the attempts of trade unions organized in the International Transportworkers' Federation (ITF) to establish a system of multinational industrial relations and collective bargaining in the flags-of-convenience shipping, which integrated national trade unions and their politics in international problematic interdependencies. Although based on egoistic national special interests and without formal restrictions on national sovereignty the cooperation leads to an international regime. It regulates the rights to organize and represent crews on ships of convenience in industrial relations, it lays down minimum standards for working conditions and incomes, and procedures for the multinational decision-making process and management of conflicts. The trade unions succeeded in regulating about 29 per cent of flags-of-convenience shipping and in establishing a multinational control of national collective bargaining, which is integrated in a system of international governance in the trade union sphere of activities. It is based on an imbalance of power between trade union organizations of industrialized and developing countries within the ITF and on specific conditions in transport industry, and therefore not transferable to other industries.

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Campos Cabral, V. "Sustainable mobility in Ibero Puebla, México. Initiatives and challenges." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1194, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1194/1/012022.

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Abstract Within the framework of strengthening a sustainable, healthy, affordable, supportive, safe and diversified mobility system for the university community, the Ibero Puebla in Mexico works on the consolidation of cycling routes, pedestrianization and collective transport. In this context, the dialogue with municipal and state authorities has been essential to materialize the Comprehensive mobility project of the Boulevard del Niño Poblano and the Inter-university digital electromobility pilot program, both developed with a gender perspective. The first one consists of improving the conditions of public space to connect different types of transport, pacify traffic, create safe paths, bike lanes, while the second one, offers students from three universities the possibility of sharing an electric digital minibus, routes oriented to user demand, maximizing connectivity, continuous feedback and access to low coverage areas for public transportation. The intervention of the university has been fundamental so that different secretariats at the state level coordinate for the projection and budgeting of the project, as well as articulate with the municipal authorities, on the one hand, as well as to offer a possibility of interuniversity collective transport, which decreases the use of electrical fossil, the emission of greenhouse gases, as a real option.

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Kunskaja, Svetlana, and Artur Budzyński. "Sustainable Societal Transformation: Shaping Renewable Energy Technologies in Transport." MATEC Web of Conferences 390 (2024): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439001006.

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Traditional transportation systems are increasingly scrutinized for their environmental footprint, driving the need for sustainable alternatives. Recent developments in renewable energy technologies have paved the way for Electric Vehicles, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Biofuels, Solar-Powered Vehicles, and Hybrid Systems, all of which offer environmentally-friendly solutions. However, the successful integration of these technologies into existing transport systems presents challenges such as infrastructure development, policymaking, public perception, and societal acceptance. Sustainable transportation encompasses more than technology and economics. It addresses societal inclusivity, environmental conservation, and long-term viability. Social equality ensures equitable access to transport, economic considerations highlight short-term costs and long-term benefits, and health and well-being are affected by sustainable transportation patterns. Community engagement, though challenging, is essential to craft locally tailored solutions and foster a collective sense of ownership. These facets form the foundation for a greener, healthier, and more inclusive transport system. The global shift towards renewable transport technologies is multifaceted, integrating political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal dimensions. Using the PESTEL method, the complex transition towards renewable transport technologies can be understood, especially in contexts like Ukraine. Given its unique socio-political landscape, Ukraine's move towards sustainable transport is influenced by multiple factors, including international climate agreements, economic restructuring, public perception, and technological advancements. Ukraine's transport sector, heavily reliant on fossil fuels, has the potential to transform using its abundant renewable resources. Tapping into these resources can offer numerous benefits, though technological and infrastructural challenges persist. Strategic investments and embracing renewable technologies are key for Ukraine to build a sustainable transport and societal framework.

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TRAXLER, A., S. STELLMACH, P. GARAUD, T. RADKO, and N. BRUMMELL. "Dynamics of fingering convection. Part 1 Small-scale fluxes and large-scale instabilities." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 677 (April 19, 2011): 530–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.98.

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Double-diffusive instabilities are often invoked to explain enhanced transport in stably stratified fluids. The most-studied natural manifestation of this process, fingering convection, commonly occurs in the ocean's thermocline and typically increases diapycnal mixing by 2 orders of magnitude over molecular diffusion. Fingering convection is also often associated with structures on much larger scales, such as thermohaline intrusions, gravity waves and thermohaline staircases. In this paper, we present an exhaustive study of the phenomenon from small to large scales. We perform the first three-dimensional simulations of the process at realistic values of the heat and salt diffusivities and provide accurate estimates of the induced turbulent transport. Our results are consistent with oceanic field measurements of diapycnal mixing in fingering regions. We then develop a generalized mean-field theory to study the stability of fingering systems to large-scale perturbations using our calculated turbulent fluxes to parameterize small-scale transport. The theory recovers the intrusive instability, the collective instability and the γ-instability as limiting cases. We find that the fastest growing large-scale mode depends sensitively on the ratio of the background gradients of temperature and salinity (the density ratio). While only intrusive modes exist at high density ratios, the collective and γ instabilities dominate the system at the low density ratios where staircases are typically observed. We conclude by discussing our findings in the context of staircase-formation theory.

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Toriz-Cruz, Abraham, Porfirio Toledo, and Ligia Quintana-Torres. "Map Matching for the public transport network in Xalapa City / Map Matching para a rede de transportes públicos na Cidade de Xalapa." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 5 (May 27, 2022): 41715–71726. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n5-586.

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In Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, there was not a correct description of the more than 100 public transport bus routes that existed, for which a collective event was held to collect Global Positioning System locations. The trajectories obtained were not adjusted to the layout of the city's public road network, due to measurement errors caused by the variety of devices used for tracking. To recover the correct trajectories, a Map Matching algorithm was used based on the optimization of paths in graphs whose nodes belong to the public roads of the city. This work presents the description of the data collection methodology and the construction of the graphs for the implementation of the algorithm that finally recovered the real routes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Collective transport system'

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