Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Collective rights'
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McDonald, Leighton Errol. "Collective rights as constitutional rights." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22833.pdf.
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Newman, Dwight G. "Community and collective rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422518.
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Saranchuk, Andrew. "Aboriginal and treaty rights : collective or individual rights? /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25728.pdf.
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Castro, Nino Natalia. "Du dommage aux lésions collectives : recherches sur des concepts adaptés aux enjeux contemporains de la responsabilité internationale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D057.
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La doctrine internationaliste a accordé une attention notable au dommage depuis l'apparition de la responsabilité internationale en tant que discipline au sein du droit des gens. Toutefois, depuis plusieurs décennies, elle a délaissé les analyses transversales pour se concentrer sur des dommages précis subis soit par l’État, soit par les particuliers. Ce clivage a laissé subsister un angle mort dans l'analyse de la pratique internationale : l'étude des lésions dont la victime n'est ni une personne publique ni une personne privée, mais une entité collective composée par les unes et/ou par les autres et qui ne peut être réduite à l'addition de ses composantes. La prise en compte des lésions dont peuvent être victimes des entités comme la famille, les peuples, l'humanité ou la communauté internationale est l'un des principaux défis auxquels sera confrontée la responsabilité internationale à l'avenir. Afin de proposer une catégorie qui rende possible une analyse d'ensemble de ces atteintes, il est indispensable de clarifier le cadre conceptuel des lésions prises en compte par la responsabilité internationale. Cette réflexion conduit à constater qu'en plus du dommage, celle-ci tient compte d'une deuxième forme de lésion, purement juridique et inhérente au fait internationalement illicite. Les dommages et lésions juridiques peuvent être regroupés dans la catégorie des «lésions collectives» lorsqu'ils portent atteinte à des droits, des intérêts ou des biens collectifs. Des conséquences particulières découlent des lésions collectives ainsi définies dans le cadre de la responsabilité internationale. Elles se manifestent notamment au regard de son invocation et de son contenuThe emergence of international responsibility as an autonomous field of study in International Law has compelled the international legal doctrine to devote considerable attention to damage and injury. However, during the last decades, scholars have progressively abandoned the cross-sectional analysis of these concepts in order to further focus on specific injuries and damages suffered by States or individuals. This rift has thus Ieft a blind spot in the analysis of international practice: the study of injury and damage whose victim is neither a public nor a private person, but rather a "collective entity" integrated by either, or both, public and private actors; an entity which cannot be simply reduced to the addition of its components. To take into account the injury and the damage -suffered by entities such as the family, peoples, humanity or the international community - is indeed one of the main challenges that faces international responsibility in the near future. In order to suggest a new category which allows for an overall analysis of such injuries and damages, it is necessary to clarify the conceptual framework of both, injury and damage, within the framework of international responsibility. This clarification leads to the conclusion that, in addition to damage, international responsibility also takes into consideration a purely legal injury which is inherent to the internationally wrongful act. Damage and legal injury can be qualified as "collective whenever they infringe collective rights, interests or goods. Specific effects result from this kind of injuries and damages in particular with regard to the invocation as well as to the legal consequences which arises from international responsibility
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Wells, Dominic. "From Collective Bargaining to Collective Begging: State Expansion and Restriction of Collective Bargaining Rights in the Public Sector." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1522790947706508.
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McChesney, Allan. "Is collective bargaining protected by Canada's Charter of Rights?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5852.
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Klocker, Cornelia Angela. "Collective punishment and human rights : from Israel to Russia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/370/.
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This thesis analyses collective punishment in the context of human rights law from a New Legal Realist perspective. Collective punishment is a concept deriving from the law of armed conflict. It describes the punishment of a group for an act allegedly committed by some of its members and is prohibited in times of armed conflict by treaty and customary international law. Recently, the imposition of collective punishment has been witnessed in situations outside armed conflict. This means that the applicable legal framework is human rights law and not the law of armed conflict. Human rights instruments do not explicitly address collective punishment. Consequently, there is a genuine gap in the protection of groups affected by collective punishment in situations outside of or short of armed conflict. Supported by two case studies on collective punishment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and in Chechnya, the thesis examines potential options to close this gap in human rights law in a way contributing to the empowerment of affected groups. This analysis will focus on the European Convention on Human Rights due to its relevance to the situation in Chechnya. The protection and empowerment of groups necessitates a reconsideration of group rights under the human rights framework and challenges the traditionally individual focus of human rights law. By questioning whether human rights instruments can encompass such rights and adapt to the changing circumstances, the thesis contributes to the broader academic debate on rights held by collectivities in general and on collective human rights in particular. The thesis is therefore centred on the following research question: What is the relationship between the legal regulation and state policies on collective punishment under the law of armed conflict and human rights law and what effects does this relationship have on the protection and empowerment of affected groups?
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Lundgren, Klara. "Sweden's Sámi management municipalities and their impact on collective rights." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21825.
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The Sámi are a marginalized group in Sweden, there are a lot of preconceptions of them as the indigenous group of Sweden, like most States that has indigenous groups living within their boarders, clashes with the majority population will occur. The Swedish State has created management municipalities to help the Sámi gain control over some specified collective rights. The Sámi has, for example, collective rights assigned to them specifically because they are a people who internationally and nationally are recognized as the indigenous people of Sweden. This thesis sets out to investigate what rights the Sámi have to use their language and language education in connection to the management municipalities, and if Sweden, as a state that holds itself so high concerning the rights of indigenous peoples and a guardian of human rights for all, actually grant the Sámi the rights they are entitled to. I will do so by using a qualitative method and content analysis method which will draw on a liberal theory of collective rights. The research will show, that Sweden has indeed established the management municipalities to maintain rights assigned to the Sámi, however it does not provide all rights reserved and in some cases it actually violates the rights for the indigenous population.
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Mešić, Nedžad. "Negotiating Solidarity : Collective Actions for Precarious Migrant Workers’ Rights in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134148.
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Precarious migrant workers are today an everyday part of the Swedish labour market. They often work under conditions of vulnerability, on temporary contracts and with few rights. This dissertation examines collective actions aiming to improve the precarious conditions of three categories of workers –discriminated, seasonal and undocumented. The collective actors examined in the dissertation are composed of formal organisations such as non-governmental organisations, organisations founded on ethnic grounds and trade unions, but also more temporary groups and networks. The analysis foregrounds contemporary societal, economical and legal transfigurations that create the conditions for collaboration among the actors and the negotiations which they conduct. The dissertation contains four articles. The first article, addressing the situation of discriminated migrant workers, scrutinises the conditions for the engagement of anti-discrimination agencies. The result of the study illustrates how the actors, as a consequence of state subsidies, alter their original course of conduct by becoming market orientated,which contributes to tensions in relations with other collaborators. The second and third articles focus on the situation of Bulgarian-Roma berry pickers in the 2012 harvesting season. Thesearticles illuminate on the one hand, the driving forces to their labour migration and the challenges faced in Sweden, and on the other, the emergence of different collective actions and their significance for the workers. The fourth article centres on two trade union initiatives for the inclusion of undocumentedmigrant workers. The article analyses the challenges faced by the unions as they seek to extend solidarity to workers who are relegated to informal work. The article also elucidates that this endeavour,nonetheless, may have the potential to transform the political identity of trade unions and, by extension through collaborations with other collective actors, open the doors of solidarity for precarious EU migrants. In sum, the four articles show that there is a broad range of collective actors who are preparedto assist precarious migrant workers and to negotiate and at best improve their labour market conditions.These actors face many and difficult challenges. However, as the dissertation demonstrates, their engagement has made the reality of precarious migrant work visible to the public, legitimised the workers’ needs and enabled them to claim their rights.
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Tomen, Bihter. "FRAMING RIGHTS-CLAIMS: COLLECTIVE IDENTITY GROUPS IN THE TURKISH PUBLIC SPHERE." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1134.
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This dissertation investigates how collective identity groups frame their rights claims in the public sphere by exploring what types of framing processes specific groups of activists adopt. My empirical focus is on how certain social movements in Turkey has framed their rights claims in the restrictive nature of the public sphere. What types of frames characterize these movements? This research explores three empirical case studies from Turkey - looking at an Islamic, a women’s rights and an LGBT organization. The main empirical finding of the dissertation is all three organizations endorse a liberal/universalistic frame to be accepted in the Turkish public sphere. The thesis of this dissertation is based on the analysis of the implications, consequences, and tensions that come out of this finding for democratic theory, theorizing Turkey, and social movements. In my analysis, I highlight a paradox in making rights-claims in Turkey. Collective identity groups demand group rights, but they frame these demands in terms of universal human rights language. The reason for the emergence of such paradox – I argue- is because groups want to fit in by adopting the universal language of rights used by the state in its Constitution and laws. Rights-based language could be necessary for certain groups as it is located “within the accepted discursive field resonating with the values of a secular society” (Barras 2009). Using macroframes, such as ‘human rights’, enable groups to appeal to international organizations, as well. This ‘postnational’ approach to rights-claiming can be part of the groups’ mandate to appeal to universal human rights beyond the borders of state sovereignty (Soysal 1998). The implication of this analysis is that social groups’ acts of citizenship conform to dominant frameworks of claims-making. This, in turn, limits their ways of claims-making. For instance, they do not make multicultural claims or challenge the universal citizenship of the liberal state. While each civil society organization under study challenges the secular, the patriachal and the homophobic nature of Turkish citizenship, they conform to the definition of Turkish citizenship which is liberal, universal and individualistic. The dissertation uses the qualitative case study method based on in-depth interviews with the members of the groups.
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McMurry, Nina(Nina Katherine Siegel). "From recognition to representation : collective rights and democratic citizenship in the Philippines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130599.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, September, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 245-257).
How does the recognition of self-determination rights for indigenous and tribal communities affect governance in modern democratic states? Nearly half of UN member states recognize indigenous groups in their constitutions, many devolving control over land and local governance functions. A dominant perspective in political science, rooted in the concept of the nation-state, implies these policies, by empowering nonstate authorities and crystallizing sub-national identities, are likely to have negative unintended consequences. Yet few studies have investigated these predictions directly. This study examines the effects of collective recognition for indigenous communities on state consolidation and democratic representation.
Rather than weakening states and undermining democratic accountability, I argue that given underlying conditions of state weakness, collective recognition can encourage the incorporation of marginalized populations by enabling more effective claim-making through formal democratic politics. I evaluate empirical implications of this theory in the Philippines, which has one of the most robust frameworks for indigenous recognition in Southeast Asia. Drawing on more than two years of fieldwork in the country, I combine analysis of administrative data, original survey data and survey experiments, and in-depth qualitative interviews with indigenous leaders and policymakers. I find that recognition through the granting of collective land titles leads to increased indigenous self-identification, but also to greater attachments to national identity and multiple indicators of state integration.
In addition, I find evidence that recognition, rather than simply entrenching political elites, increases community electoral mobilization directed toward obtaining public goods from the state. This work not only speaks to contemporary debates surrounding indigenous rights, but also has broader implications for our understandings of post-colonial state consolidation, ethnic and identity politics, and collective participation in democratic systems.
by Nina McMurry.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science
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Sadikovic, Dzeneta. "Rights Claims Through Music - A Study on Collective Identity and Social Movements." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21909.
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This study is an analysis of musical lyrics which express oppression and discrimination of the African American community and encourage potential action for individuals to make a claim on their rights. This analysis will be done methodologically as a content analysis. Song texts are examined in the context of oppression and discrimination and how they relate to social movements. This study will examine different social movements occurring during a timeline stretching from the era of slavery to present day, and how music gives frame to collective identities as well as potential action. The material consisting of song lyrics will be theoretically approached from different sociological and musicological perspectives. This study aims to examine what interpretative frame for social change is offered by music. Conclusively, this study will show that music functions as an informative tool which can spread awareness and encourage people to pressure authorities and make a claim on their Human Rights.
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Oliphant, Lukhanyo Shane. "The right to engage in collective bargaining." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19463.
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The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA) was formulated by consensus from Government, Labour and Business. The advent of the new democratic dispensation brought with it the need to bring reforms to the country’s repressive labour laws, which were the hallmarks of the former apartheid regime. The new democratic dispensation’s priority was to ensure that the laws governing the employment relationship were again in line, with the International Labour Organization’s requirements (ILO). The consolidation of the country’s labour laws became critical for the new democratic dispensation because it became imperative that labour laws, once and for all became inclusive of all South Africa’s working force. During this post democratic period South Africa has been able to bring this consolidation to our regulatory framework through democratizing labour relations. This has meant that all organized workers for the first time after 1995, could have access to collective bargaining. South Africa has also enjoyed a period of relative labour stability during this period but only until recently, has the institution of collective bargaining been under the severest attack. This contestation in this labour regime is about the constitutional right to engage in collective bargaining. It has become of paramount importance to understand the meaning of this right to engage in collective bargaining, how far does this right extend to organized employees and most importantly what are now the impediments to the realization of this right? This is a broad and a very important topic in our labour law jurisprudence. The rationale for this treatise is to articulate the right to engage in collective bargaining, amid recent developments. At the same time to probe whether or not a justiciable duty to bargain in good faith (legally enforceable duty), should be reintroduced in our collective bargaining framework. This would be an option in reestablishing this institution in the face of insurmountable challenges, particularly as far as managing the conduct of bargaining parties during the collective bargaining process. The LRA does not envision such a legally enforceable duty to bargain in our labour relations framework, preferring rather apolicy based on voluntarism. The LRA has instead created a legally recognized framework were bargaining parties, determine their own collective process, without undue interference from the state and the courts. This has been the position since the inception of the new democratic order.Times have changed constitutional challenges have been mounting against provisions of the LRA, which have been deemed by some as unconstitutional. This is reference to the inaccessibility of the collective bargaining process; relating directly to the right to engage in collective bargaining.The disjuncture between the Constitution and the enabling legislation the LRA will also be scrutinized, as the result has been confusion regarding the meaning and the application of this constitutional right to engage in collective bargaining.
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Welch, Roger David. "The indispensability of collective bargaining and the case for positive trade union rights." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500346.
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The focal point of my research is an analysis of how trade union rights have been weakened in recent decades through a combination of legislative controls and HRM management techniques. This has been significantly underpinned by judicial interventions since the 1960s, which have used characterisations of trade unions and industrial action that were developed during the nineteenth century. Essentially common law concepts and principles have been used to depict industrial action in the worst possible light and to castigate the traditional system of giving trade union rights through statutory immunities as privileges to break the law. I have called this process the legal mystification of industrial relations.
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Estevez-Lopez, Ariadna. "Articulating collective action against free trade in Mexico : A human rights discourse approach." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536547.
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Frabboni, Maria Mercedes. "Collective management of music rights : a test of competition and industrial organisation theories." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/456.
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The management of music rights is currently carried out in a collective manner, by national organisations known as collecting societies. These organisations issue licences to commercial users, monitor their uses, collect royalties and distribute remuneration to rights holders. Collecting societies emerged as a response to the difficulty for authors to authorise personally every use of their work. They subsequently evolved into large and highly structured institutions that aggregate the interests of a wide and scattered array of rights holders. Collecting societies perform their activities within their national boundaries, as enforcers of territorial entitlements granted under copyright or droit d’auteur legislation. Cooperation between them has led to the establishment of a valuable network of reciprocal representation agreements for the exploitation of foreign repertoires. It is submitted, however, that the territorial connotation of collecting societies’ activities does not match the borderless character of music uses taking place via the internet. Technological and business solutions are open to cross-border uses but even such solutions still rely, to a large extent, on territorial licensing practices. It has been argued that this is an obstacle to the full development of online music services in the European Union. The problem for music rights management lies in the response to calls for new licensing models to arise, and in the challenge that such a response could bring to the existence of collecting societies. The query that this thesis tackles is whether the problem can be resolved via copyright instruments, or whether strategies based on competition are required to drive the market towards the desired outcome. It is observed that, in order to adapt to the changed environment, collecting societies have updated their reciprocal representation agreements to fit internet uses. The results of this process of adaptation have mostly been unsuccessful, due to their incompatibility with competition rules. Other models have been proposed, which envisage the elimination of reciprocal representation agreements and the implementation of mono-repertoire multi-territorial licences. These models also raise anti-competitive concerns. This study shows that the preferred solution to the defined problem is to be found in the assessment of rights management institutions from the point of view of the law and economics analysis, and more specifically through the lens of Industrial Organisation theories. The assessment conducted according to this approach highlights the strategic interactions in which rights managers engage, and demonstrates that multi-territorial licensing solutions now adopted for the internet function as by two-sided platforms competing in a market that remains highly concentrated.
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Slaten, Kevin Richard. "Obscure Terrain: The Rights Defense of Qingdao Internal Migrant Workers." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337959111.
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Mazzoni, Davide. "'Defending the rights'. An integrated model of collective action for "public water" in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4340/1/mazzoni_davide_tesi.pdf.
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In many communities, supplying water for the people is a huge task and the fact that this essential service can be carried out by the private sector respecting the right to water, is a debated issue. This dissertation investigates the mechanisms through which a 'perceived rights violation' - which represents a specific form of perceived injustice which derives from the violation of absolute moral principles – can promote collective action. Indeed, literature on morality and collective action suggests that even if many people apparently sustain high moral principles (like human rights), only a minority decides to act in order to defend them. Taking advantage of the political situation in Italy, and the recent mobilization for "public water" we hypothesized that, because of its "sacred value", the perceived violation of the right to water facilitates identification with the social movement and activism. Through five studies adopting qualitative and quantitative methods, we confirmed our hypotheses demonstrating that the perceived violation of the right to water can sustain activism and it can influence vote intentions at the referendum for 'public water'. This path to collective action coexists with other 'classical' predictors of collective action, like instrumental factors (personal advantages, efficacy beliefs) and anger. The perceived rights violation can derive both from personal values (i.e. universalism) and external factors (i.e. a mobilization campaign). Furthermore, we demonstrated that it is possible to enhance the perceived violation of the right to water and anger through a specifically designed communication campaign. The final chapter summarizes the main findings and discusses the results, suggesting some innovative line of research for collective action literature.
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Mazzoni, Davide. "'Defending the rights'. An integrated model of collective action for "public water" in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4340/.
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In many communities, supplying water for the people is a huge task and the fact that this essential service can be carried out by the private sector respecting the right to water, is a debated issue. This dissertation investigates the mechanisms through which a 'perceived rights violation' - which represents a specific form of perceived injustice which derives from the violation of absolute moral principles – can promote collective action. Indeed, literature on morality and collective action suggests that even if many people apparently sustain high moral principles (like human rights), only a minority decides to act in order to defend them. Taking advantage of the political situation in Italy, and the recent mobilization for "public water" we hypothesized that, because of its "sacred value", the perceived violation of the right to water facilitates identification with the social movement and activism. Through five studies adopting qualitative and quantitative methods, we confirmed our hypotheses demonstrating that the perceived violation of the right to water can sustain activism and it can influence vote intentions at the referendum for 'public water'. This path to collective action coexists with other 'classical' predictors of collective action, like instrumental factors (personal advantages, efficacy beliefs) and anger. The perceived rights violation can derive both from personal values (i.e. universalism) and external factors (i.e. a mobilization campaign). Furthermore, we demonstrated that it is possible to enhance the perceived violation of the right to water and anger through a specifically designed communication campaign. The final chapter summarizes the main findings and discusses the results, suggesting some innovative line of research for collective action literature.
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Malloy, Tove. "The 'politics of accommodation' in the Council of Europe after 1989 : national minorities and democratization." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369369.
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Sugiki, Akiko. "A conception of the right to self-determination as a collective human right : its significance for human rights and political stability in the Asia-Pacific." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395947.
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Ncube, Richmond. "Land Tenure Rights and Poverty Reduction in Mafela Resettlement Community (Matobo District, Zimbabwe)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4825_1323161074.
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In this research, I present critical facts about Land Tenure Systems and Poverty Reduction processes in Mafela Resettlement community. I focus mainly on the Post-Fast Track Land Reform (2004 â 2011) period and the interactive processes in this new resettlement area. The research - premised on the rights approach - sought to explore land tenure rights systems and poverty reduction mechanisms seen by the Mafela community to be improving their livelihoodsit also sought to find out if there is evidence linking tenure rights to poverty reduction and how land tenure rights governance systems affect their livelihoods. Suffice to say in both the animal kingdom and human world, territorial space and integrity, its demarcation as well as how resources are used within the space, given the area - calls for a - defined system of rights by the residents themselves. Whilst it is true that there is no one story about Zimbabweâs land reform (Scoones et al 2011), the contribution of this research towards insights emanating from the newly resettled farmers adds another invaluable contribution in the realm of rural development issues.
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Hajdu, Dora. "La gestion collective des droits des auteurs : ses formes imposées par la loi hongroise et française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS107/document.
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Le mécanisme complexe qu’est la gestion collective a pour objectif de permettre l’exploitation licite des œuvres en y associant les auteurs. Elle peut ainsi être vue comme une forte contrepartie lors de la négociation des licences octroyées aux utilisateurs (avant tout professionnels), ainsi qu’un outil de suivi des utilisations grâce à la collecte et à la distribution des droits. Paradoxalement, la gestion collective constitue également une limitation, au sens large du terme, au monopole de l’auteur. Cette seconde caractéristique est d’ailleurs beaucoup plus marquée lorsque la gestion collective résulte de dispositions législatives.Notre thèse consiste donc en une réflexion sur l’ambiguïté de la gestion collective, laquelle se révèle particulièrement problématique dans les cas où la gestion collective est exigée par la loi. Cette technique de gestion est avant tout une limitation imposée au monopole de l’auteur en vue notamment de concilier ses intérêts avec ceux du public. Il y a lieu de mentionner cependant que l’introduction de la gestion collective par le législateur peut parfois s’avérer être le seul moyen d’exploitation des œuvres. Dans ce cas, la soumettre au régime propre des limitations aboutiraient à un résultat contraire à l’objectif visé.L’intérêt de ce sujet, et de cet angle de recherche particulier, tient également au fait que le législateur envisage la gestion collective comme une réponse à certaines questions du droit d’auteur contemporain, telles que l’utilisation des œuvres orphelines ou la numérisation des livres indisponibles. Il convient alors de démontrer les particularités du régime afférent à la gestion collective et de la positionner au sein du droit d’auteur. Ceci revêt une importance particulière car la notion de gestion collective, telle qu’elle résulte des lois française et hongroise n’est pas homogène. Elle englobe (i) la gestion collective obligatoire des droits exclusifs ainsi que (ii) la gestion collective des licences légales ou droits à rémunération, (iii) la gestion collective étendue et (iv) la gestion collective non étendue ouvrant un droit de sortie. Ainsi, il convient de traiter non seulement de la structure et du fonctionnement de la gestion collective, mais également et avant tout des droits patrimoniaux, afin de pouvoir démontrer l’intérêt de les gérer par le biais du système de gestion collective.Cette thèse est construite autour de l’analyse de la gestion collective régie par la loi française et hongroise, car ces deux pays disposent de systèmes juridiques différents au sein de la tradition civiliste. Ce travail illustre donc deux approches distinctes de la gestion collective imposée par la loi, ce qui a nécessité d’une part, l’étude de textes législatifs, de jurisprudences et de doctrines propres à ces deux pays, et d’autre part, l’analyse des textes régissant le droit d’auteur international et européen.Dans cette optique, la première partie est consacrée à la théorie générale de la gestion collective et aux limitations en droit d’auteur, et pose la question de la gestion collective comme limitation apportée aux droits de l’auteur. Nous concentrons ensuite notre attention sur la notion même de gestion collective imposée par la loi, de sorte à déterminer si la gestion collective peut être considérée comme une limitation au droit exclusif de l’auteur (deuxième partie) ou s’il s’agit simplement d’une garantie pour la mise en œuvre de ses droits (troisième partie)The complex mechanism of the collective management of copyrights seeks to facilitate lawful uses of protected works by associating the authors. It can therefore be seen as a strong asset when negotiating licenses granted to (mainly professional) users, and a useful mechanism for monitoring uses through the collection and distribution of license fees and levies. Paradoxically though, collective management imposes also a limitation on the exclusive rights of authors in the broad sense, because it restricts the exercise of economic rights. This latter feature is much more highlighted when the collective management proceeds from the initiative of the legislator.Our thesis is a reflection on the ambiguity of collective management of copyrights ordered by law. The collective exploitation of economic rights is first and foremost a restriction on the exclusive rights of the authors meant to reconcile their interests with those of the public. It should be mentioned, however, that the introduction of collective management by law may sometimes prove the only means of exploitation of works. In this case, the submission of the solution to the special regime of limitations would lead to a result that is contrary to the objective of the collective management.The aims of this specific research focus lies in the fact that the legislator is considering collective management as a response to some questions of today’s copyright law, such as the use of orphan works or digital uses of out-of-commerce books. It is in that sense essential to analyse the details of collective management as ordered by law, and its place within the wider copyright system. This is particularly important because the concept of collective management, as it results from French and Hungarian laws, is not uniform. It includes (i) the mandatory collective management of exclusive rights, (ii) the collective management of statutory licenses or rights to remuneration, (iii) extended collective management, and (iv) the collective management with possibility of opting out. It also means that one should not only examine the collective rights-management system, but the economic rights licensed by the collective management organisations in order to demonstrate the reasons for introducing this mechanism as well.The present thesis thus provides a comparative analysis of collective management as stated in French and Hungarian copyright laws, as these two countries belong to different legal traditions within the civil law system. Our work sheds light on two distinct approaches to the collective management of copyrights ordered by law, through the study of legislative texts, jurisprudence, and doctrines specific to these two countries, as well as the analysis of the texts governing the international and European Union copyright law.In this respect, the first part of our thesis is concentrates on the general theory of collective management and limitations in copyright, where we discuss whether collective management can be seen as a limitation placed on authors’ economic rights. The two main parts of the thesis then focus on the concept of collective management ordered by law to examine whether collective management might be considered a limitation to the exclusive rights of authors (second part) or a simple guarantee for exploiting these rights (third part)
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Øien, Beate. "Revisiting Foreign Direct Investment and Collective Labor Rights : Replicating "the positive case" of economic globalization." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13777.
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May, David Keith. "Individual and collective human rights| The contributions of Jacques Maritain, Gustavo Gutierrez, and Martha Nussbaum." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3564926.
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Abstract The proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations on December 10, 1948 gave birth to the contemporary human rights movement. Despite the worldwide influence the idea of human rights has enjoyed, the concept of human rights has been plagued by a number of criticisms. Among the most pervasive and persistent criticisms of human rights are that they represent an individualist viewpoint, and they are a relative product of Western society that are hardly universal. One purpose of this dissertation is to challenge these criticisms. However, in recent decades the idea of human rights has been expanded past its original individual focus to incorporate the idea of collective, or group rights. The juxtaposition of universal, individual rights with particular, collective rights raises anew the issues of individualism and universalism in the human rights debate. In this dissertation, I compare the work of the French Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain, the Peruvian theologian Gustavo Gutiérrez, and the American philosopher Martha Nussbaum in order to yield a contextually sensitive natural law approach to human rights that will serve as a common justificatory basis for individual and collective human rights. This common justificatory basis is capable of addressing the questions of individualism and universalism generated by the theoretical tensions generated by the juxtaposition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which enshrines individual, universal rights, and the more recent United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007), which enshrines more particularistic, group rights.
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RIBEIRO, SAMANTHA SOUZA DE MOURA. "THE DYNAMICS OF COLLECTIVE RIGHTS FROM THE SELF-COMPREHENSION OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE OF LAW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10183@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORCom o início da consolidação do Estado Democrático de Direito, de orientação liberal e individualista, ficou claro que o ideário liberal da igualdade e da liberdade trouxe a garantia formal de direitos fundamentais que, na prática não eram assegurados a todos. Iniciou-se, então, um movimento de crítica a esse modelo de estado que seria individualista e voltado apenas ao estímulo dos interesses egoístas de seus cidadãos. Nesse contexto surgiu a idéia dos direitos coletivos cuja titularidade é atribuída a um grupo de pessoas. O presente trabalho pretende discutir o problema conceitual dos direitos coletivos diante da estrutura liberal do Estado Democrático de Direito. Serão analisados: a origem das críticas ao cunho individualista da teoria liberal, a retomada da idéia de identidades coletivas, a relação entre direitos individuais e direitos coletivos e os diferentes entendimentos sobre os direitos coletivos e sobre a teoria liberal do estado democrático de direito. Por fim, serão procuradas as formas de tornar os direitos coletivos compatíveis com o modelo de Estado Democrático de Direito, de forma que possam servir à auto-realização dos indivíduos, sem a necessidade de subversão de toda a teoria do direito, pensada com base em um modelo subjetivista e individualista.
The consolidation of the democratic state of law, based on a liberal and individualist doctrine, had made clear that the liberal ideas about freedom and equality were not enough to really assure the fundamental rights for everybody. This perception has begun a critical moment. The democratic state standard was considered too individualistic and was seen as an encouragement to self-centered interests. At this point, the idea of collective rights has emerged. Though, I intend to discuss the concept of collective rights, considering the structure of the liberal democratic state of law. I will analyze: the origin of the criticism about the liberal theory´s individualistic basis; the idea of collective identities; the relation between individual rights and collective rights and the different comprehensions about the collective rights and the democratic state of law, in a liberalist view. Finally, I intend to look for means to make collective rights compatible with the democratic state of law, in a way that makes possible for people to achieve happiness and make also possible to keep valid the modern theory of rights, based on an individualistic and subjectivist model.
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Alamyar, Fiona Maree. "Future of Work: Formal rights, collective action and experiences of work within the platform economy." Thesis, Department of Political Economy, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17724.
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Darnell, Melissa Liberty. "Rethinking empowerment: Collective action as intervention with women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3401.
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This study explores women's feelings of empowerment that result from participating in collective action events. The study contributes to the growing body of social work scholarship on empowerment practice by identifying and describing the specific variables that may contribute to or enhance empowerment feelings in women as a result of collective action participation.
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Solé, Truyols Montserrat. "Pension rights as fundamental rights: a comparative analysis of the old age pensions prospects in Norway and Spain on grounds of collective labour conditions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456477.
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The link between pensions and work is established at human rights
level through social security contributions. The extent to which this
link is strengthen is set in the national designs of social security
systems that on their turn reflect the values to which each society
adheres as well as the institutional contexts in which the systems are
embedded.
The project compares Norwegian and Spanish collective bargaining
models from this institutional perspective and critically analyses
their respective ability to secure appropriate working conditions that
can ensure the financing of the systems and the return of adequate
pension benefits at old age. The study is complemented with the
transversal analysis of the EU’s law and policies impact in each
institutional framework and ultimately on the collective bargaining
model.La relació entre pensions i treball, establerta a nivell de drets humans per mitjà de les contribucions a la seguretat social es materialitza en el disseny dels respectius sistemes a nivell nacional. Aquests reflecteixen d’una banda els valors amb els quals la societat s’identifica i de l’altra, el context institucional en el que es troben inserits. El projecte compara els models de negociació col·lectiva des d’aquesta perspectiva institucional i n’analitza de manera crítica la capacitat respectiva per respondre amb unes condicions de treball aptes per garantir el finançament del sistema i el nivell adequat de beneficis de les pensions. L’estudi es completa amb l’anàlisi transversal dels efectes que les polítiques i el marc legal de la EU, tenen sobre els diferents contexts institucionals i per tant sobre la negociació col·lectiva.
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Bednarz, Tobias. "Diversity in online music : a European Union debate on cultural diversity and the collective management of authors' rights." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33294.
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facilitated the licensing of music to the benefits of right holders and commercial users alike. In the online realm, however, the rationale of the collective administration of copyright has been challenged and its functioning re-configured. At a moment in time where the Internet has made the cross-border distribution of recorded music easier than ever, right holders are yet to find licensing solutions appropriate for multi- territorial online uses. This, in turn, slows down the uptake of legal online music services and prevents the realisation of the Digital Single Market, pursued within the EU. The European Commission has intervened twice, first in 2005 in the form of a non-binding Recommendation, and later in 2008, when it held that the collecting societies' practice of restricting their activities to their respective domestic territory was anti-competitive. Arguably, the contradictory effects of EU action have exacerbated rather than remedied the existing difficulties that cross-border online music services face in clearing the necessary authors' rights. This thesis proposes to re-contextualise this problem around cultural diversity, which is a recurring buzzword in the ongoing debates and which EU institutions are legally obliged to promote and to respect. Despite this seeming acknowledgment of the concept, no sound legal analysis of its scope or its implications for the field of online music has yet been proposed. Pursuing such analysis, this thesis first examines the meaning of cultural diversity under EU law to submit an understanding of it as intercultural pluralism. It then assesses the boundaries of the EU obligation to promote cultural diversity in view of the goals of the UNESCO Convention on the Promotion and Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. An analysis of the relationship between the two sets of norms suggests interpreting the EU mandate of promoting cultural diversity in light of the scope of the international obligations wherever EU action affects cultural creations. Applied to the context of online music, this novel interpretation implies that cultural diversity is promoted if all groups within the EU (a) have the ability to express their cultural identity through online music; and (b) are in a position to access online music expressing different cultures from within and outside the EU. Cultural diversity thus calls for the licensing regime to be reorganised so that online music services may, in a simple and effective way, clear the rights necessary for the online use of the entire available EU repertoire as well as a diverse foreign and, ideally, the entire worldwide repertoire. Finally, this thesis assesses the current online licensing mechanisms in a practical application of these findings, testing the commonly raised argument that collective rights management promotes cultural diversity and investigating, in parallel, whether the practical consequences of the EU interventions have promoted the diversity of online music.
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Manea, Maria-Gabriela [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Rüland. "The constitution of collective identities and interregional human rights norms diffusion: analyzing human rights interactions and discourses in the EU-ASEAN relations and the ASEM process." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1236550250/34.
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SILVA, SAYONARA GRILLO COUTINHO LEONARDO DA. "THE COLLECTIVE RELATIONSHIPS AND INSTITUTIONAL CONFIGURATIONS IN A DEMOCRATIC SCENARIO: THE SUPERIOR LABOR COURT PERFORMANCE IN COMPLYING WITH THE COLLECTIVE RIGHTS ASSUREDBY THE CONSTITUTION IN THE 1990 S." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11178@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRORelações coletivas e configurações institucionais em um cenário de democracia: a atuação do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho na conformação dos direitos coletivos assegurados pela Constituição, na década de 1990 é um estudo sobre as configurações institucionais no âmbito das Relações Coletivas de Trabalho. Examina as diretrizes estatais adotadas que buscaram redirecionar a autonomia coletiva para fins de viabilizar uma reforma trabalhista. Em especial estuda-se o enfoque dado pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho a institutos ordenadores do sistema jurídico das Relações Coletivas de Trabalho no Brasil, tais como direito de greve, negociação coletiva, dissídios coletivos, poder normativo da Justiça do Trabalho e autonomia coletiva. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que nos anos 1990, sob o argumento de valorização da negociação coletiva, se desenvolveu no país um processo de fracionamento no conceito de autonomia coletiva. Para tanto, a tese estabeleceu um referencial teórico articulando as concepções sobre liberdade sindical e autonomia coletiva, sob o prisma normativo e institucional, com vistas a propiciar uma compreensão mais adequada das relações entre duas instâncias normativas constitutivas do Direito do Trabalho, a que provém do pactuado coletivamente e a do legislado, e estabelecer bases conceituais para a compreensão da autonomia coletiva (em sua tríplice dimensão de autonormação, auto- organização e autotutela) e de sua configuração em um paradigma jurídico-democrático. A tese demonstra um processo de fissura no ideário constitucional da autonomia coletiva, em um contexto de ampliação desmesurada dos desequilíbrios estruturais de poder na década de 1990. Tal fracionamento ocorreria não só através das regras, dos enunciados normativos, mas também no processo de interpretação das dimensões constitutivas da autonomia coletiva no qual se limitam as potencialidades da auto- organização e da autotutela, e surpervaloriza a eficácia jurídica da autornormação.
The collective relationships and institutional configurations in a democratic scenario: the Superior Labor Court performance in complying with the collective rights assured by the constitution in the 1990 s, is a study about the institutional configurations in the Collective Labor Relationships sphere. This paper investigates the adopted governmental guidelines that sought to redirect the collective autonomy to make a labor reform feasible. It specifically studies the approach to institutions that determine the legal system of the Collective Industrial Relations of Brazil used by the Superior Labor Court (TST), such as right to strike, collective bargaining, collective dispute, the normative power of the Labor Court, and collective autonomy. The present work deals with the hypothesis that in the 90 s, under the claim of a better collective negotiation, a cracking process in the collective autonomy concept emerged. For that matter, this paper has established a theoretical referential linking together the concepts about trade union freedom and collective autonomy under a normative and institutional prism to provide a more suitable understanding of the relationship between the two normative constitutive instances of the Labor Law - the one that comes from what was covenant collectively, and the other that was legislated - and to establish conceptual bases for the understanding of the collective autonomy (in its triple dimension of self-regulation, self- organization, and self-governing), and its configuration in a legal democratic paradigm. The work show the cracking process in the constitutional concept of the collective autonomy in a background of immoderate increase of the structural instability of power in the 90 s. Such cracking took place not only through the rules, the normative provisions, but also in the interpretation of the constitutive dimensions of the collective autonomy, in which the potentiality of self-organization and self-governing are limited, and the legal effectiveness of self-regulation is overestimated.
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Häseler, Sönke [Verfasser], and Hans-Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Schäfer. "Individual versus Collective Creditor Rights in Sovereign Bond Restructurings : An Economic Analysis / Sönke Häseler. Betreuer: Hans-Bernd Schäfer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102092991X/34.
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Larsson, Amanda. "Not Just War, But A Just War : Individual rights versus the collective good in just cause for war." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433324.
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Seymour, Lisa Ann. "Collective Rape: The Continued Victimization of Women in the International System." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1291008745.
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Weissenbacher, Alexia. "L'articulation entre convention collective et contrat de travail : Regards sur les transformations de la négociation collective." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D031.
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La négociation collective a connu une évolution profonde de ses enjeux. Elle ne vise plus seulement à pallier les inégalités inhérentes à la relation de travail individuelle ; en raison de la promotion de la démocratie sociale, elle s'inscrit désormais dans une logique d'accompagnement du pouvoir de l'employeur. A cette fin, le niveau de négociation de l'entreprise est privilégié. La qualité des négociateurs a été précisée et les règles entourant le processus de négociation renforcées, pour parvenir à plus de légitimité de la nonne conventionnelle. Partant, les obstacles à l'application des conventions et accords collectifs sont remis en cause. Dans l'articulation de la convention collective et du contrat de travail, le principe de faveur est affaibli. L'intérêt du salarié pris individuellement recule au profit de la collectivité de travail dans laquelle il s'inscrit. L'intangibilité du contenu obligationnel du contrat de travail régresse elle aussi. Les dispositifs mis en place par la jurisprudence et le législateur pour forcer l'application d'un accord collectif contraire à une stipulation contractuelle se sont multipliés. La protection des droits fondamentaux apparaît désormais comme la seule limite infranchissable à la suprématie de la convention collective vis-à-vis du contrat de travailCollective bargaining bas been characterised by a deep evolution of its issues. Today its purpose is not only to decrease the inequalities related to the individual employment relationship: because of the promotion of the social democracy, collective bargaining should be also able to support the decision-making power of the employer so that the company level of bargaining is privileged. In order to make the provisions issued of collective bargaining as legitimate as possible, the quality of negotiators has been defined in detail as well as the rules related to the bargaining procedure have been reinforced. Nevertheless, the limits related to the application of the collective agreements are questioned. Within the articulation between the collective agreement and the employment contract "the favourability principle" is actually weakened and the individual interest of the employee is undermined in order to put forward the one of the whole work community. The inviolability of the binding dispositions provided by the employment contract is also receding. Number of rules have been introduced by the case law and the legislator in order to increase the in1plementation of the collective agreement provisions to the detriment of the individual employment contract. Thus the protection of fundamental rights seems the only impassable limit to the supremacy of the collective agreement on the employment contract
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Šeškaitis, Rytis. "Atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinis administravimas. Dabartis ir perspektyva." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080129_111543-68278.
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Darbo tema – atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinis administravimas. Dabartis ir perspektyva.
Atlikėjų teisių apsauga yra palyginti naujas reiškinys. Atlikėjų teisių atsiradimas siejamas su XX a. pradžioje atsiradusiomis naujomis technologijomis, leidusiomis gyvus atlikimus pakeisti atlikimo įrašais. Atlikėjai siekė kontroliuoti savo atlikimus ir reikalavo teisių šiems atlikimams apsaugoti.
Atlikėjų teisės yra fundamentalios. Jomis ne tik užtikrinama atlikėjų turtinių interesų apsaugą, šios teisės taip pat skatina ir palaiko kūrybingumą bei bendrą visos visuomenės kultūros raidą.
Nemažai nacionalinių ir tarptautinių teisės aktų garantuoja atlikėjams jų teises. Svarbiausi iš jų: 1961 m. Romos konvencija, 1996 m. PINO Atlikimų ir fonogramų sutartis bei ES direktyvos.
Atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinio administravimo organizacijos – tai jų narių (teisių turėtojų) įsteigtos, dažniausiai pelno nesiekiančios organizacijos. Pagrindinis šių organizacijų tikslas yra surinkti ir paskirstyti teisių turėtojams priklausanti atlyginimą už įvairių jų turtinių teisių panaudojimą.
Darbo tikslas – atsižvelgiant į istorines raidos aplinkybes, išsamiai išanalizuoti dabartinį atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinio administravimo reglamentavimą tiek tarptautiniu, tiek regioniniu lygiu. Remiantis analize atsakoma į klausimą ar atlikėjų teisių reglamentavimas bei šių teisių kolektyvinis administravimas šiandieninėje situacijoje yra pakankamas atlikėjų turtiniams interesams apsaugoti.
Siekiant tikslo darbe analizuojamas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The topic of this paper is Collective Management of Performers' Rights. Nowadays and Future Perspective. The issue of the performers' neighbouring rights is relatively new. It emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century, particularly as a result of technical developments when recordings began to be substitute for live performances. Performers have sought to keep control of their performances by claiming rights to protect them. These rights are fundamental: they secure not only an ingome for performers but also foster the maintenance and the development of creation and culture in the interest of society as a whole. Many national laws and certain international normative texts (Rome Convention of 1961, WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty of 1996 and European Directives) Performers collecting societies are associations of rightholders. They are set up to collect and distribute royalties for rightsholders on a collective basis. Collective management societies of performers are generally non profit organisations based on collective agreements in certain cases. The goal of this paper is a thorough analysis of current regulation of performers rights' collective administration in both international and regional levels taking into consideration the circumstances of historical development. Based on the analysis it will answer the question whether the regulation and collective administration of performers' rights today is sufficient to protect performers' financial interests... [to full text]
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Tavani, Claudia. "How far are collective rights necessary to protect the cultural identity of the Roma? : a case study of Italy." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517289.
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Eichler, Jessika. "The vernacularisation of indigenous peoples' participatory rights in the Bolivian extractive sector : including subgroups in collective decision-making processes." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19121/.
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One of the most comprehensive collective rights regimes has been developed in the area of indigenous peoples and respective land and resource rights in particular. International legal instruments (ILO C169 and UNDRIPS) and Inter-American jurisprudence (e.g. the Saramaka and Sarayaku cases) significantly safeguard such rights. The latter materialise in the form of prior consultation mechanisms regarding natural resource extraction and ultimately exemplify indigenous peoples’ self-determination. However, practice shows that such collective mechanisms are established without truly taking indigenous peoples’ representative institutions according to their customs and traditions into account. This can be attributed to the fact that the interplay and local dynamics between indigenous communities, leaders and representative organisations are too complex to be reduced to collective wholes. In order to disentangle such dynamics, power relations between the players, issues of legitimacy, representativity and accountability of participatory mechanisms, and the inclusion of subgroups and individuals in collective decision-making are examined. By combining international legal standards and ethnographic research, a legal anthropological perspective informs this piece of research. Firstly, insights are gained by understanding individual or ‘subgroup’ rights in relation to collective claims in international and regional legal standards. Secondly, this relationship is observed by means of two case studies in the Bolivian Lowlands that shall shed light upon the implementation of such standards in the extractive sector. Thereby, specific subgroups are chosen to illustrate participatory exclusion and inequalities, including women (I), different age groups (II), monolingual people and persons with lower education levels (III) and local leaders (IV). Empirical insights draw on a prior consultation process with Guaraní people in the hydrocarbon sector and collective decision-making mechanisms in the case of Chiquitano people in the mining sector. Based on such empirical observations, a catalogue of guiding principles will be proposed in order to refine the existing UNDRIPS framework.
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Kristensen, Agnes, and Rebecca Simson. "Kollektiv identitet online : En jämförande studie av Nordiska Motståndsrörelsen och Human Rights Campaign." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341743.
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This thesis seeks to understand how collective identity is formed in the comment section on Twitter. A comparison between the Nordic Resistance Movement (Nordiska Motståndsrörelsen) and Human Rights Campaign has been made with social antagonism as a starting point. The Nordic Resistance Movement is a Swedish organization with Nazi values and Human Rights Campaign is an American organization fighting for equal rights for LGBTQ-people. social antagonism states that collective identity is created when an antagonistic relationship exists. The thesis aims to answer the research question; how are collective identities, for the Nordic Resistance Movement and Human Rights Campaign, created in the comment section on Twitter? This question is answered using Social antagonism theory and Social Movement Theory as a theoretical framework. 1000 comments from each groups comment section has been collected and analysed with thematic content analysis. The study showed that collective identity is strengthened by the fact that there is an antagonistic relationship. We found that the collective identity of each group fought back whenever someone made a negative comment towards their beliefs. It also showed that the collective identity, of the followers and members in the comment section, doesn’t necessarily correlate with the identity of the organization. This study will help further the research on collective identity and how people are affected when joining a movement. It will hopefully inspire further research within social antagonism, collective identity and social movements.
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Sifri, Sara. "”Jag” som individ eller ”vi” som i grupp? - Ett liberaldemokratiskt dilemma : En jämförande studie av egalitära och kommunitära förhållningssätt till multikulturella rättighetsanspråk på en liberaldemokratisk stat." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227434.
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Increased immigrant movement from conflict stricken areas to the liberal west, has led to challenges involving increasing multicultural group claims on the liberal democratic state, leading to the destabilization of its foundation. The conflict lay in the opposing world views culturally, ethnically and religiously that the new citizens have, seeing the “group” first and foremost whereas the individual in western democracy has always been seen as the principal rights recipient. The purpose of this study has been to examine the challenges multicultural group claims from immigrants have had on the liberal democratic state on a theoretical level and what possible approaches that should be used to resolve this challenge from the standpoint of the liberal democratic state. To answer this on a theoretical level the study uses a qualitative text analysis of three acclaimed political philosophers on the subject, the communitarian Charles Taylor, the egalitarian liberal philosopher Brian Barry and the liberal philosopher Will Kymlicka whom takes a middle ground on the subject of multicultural group rights. The results show us that though the three philosophers have different outlooks on the grounds of their opinion on group rights and claims, in the case of immigrants they agree to a large extent. They agree that, whilst the liberal democratic state and the immigrants both wish for complete integration as citizens, the liberal democratic state will treat immigrants the same as the majority, as individual rights recipients. All this whilst making required efforts for the simplification of the integration process. That is why acceptance of certain multicultural rights regarding food, culture, traditions and language in the “private” sphere as well as certain exceptions in the “official” sphere can be accepted, as long as they adhere to the liberal democratic framework of free association, whilst normative multicultural group claims cannot. So we find that a communitarian philosophy which encourages multicultural group claims actually does agree that the liberal democratic state’s current approach in the case of immigrants is enough.
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Ramirez, Allison. "Latino Identity and the Immigration Rights Movement of 2006: The Origins and Consequences of an Assimilationist Approach." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/516.
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Thesis advisor: Jennie PurnellIn December of 2005, the United States House of Representatives passed the infamous Sensenbrenner-King immigration reform legislation that, if written into law, would have negatively affected the situation of millions of undocumented workers in the United States, mostly originating from Latin America. In response, the Latino community in the U.S. mobilized to organize a wave of rallies across the country during the spring of 2006. This thesis explores the construction of the collective action frame employed by movement organizers to mobilize protesters. It ultimately finds that the rhetoric of assimilation was chosen because of its ability to resonate both with the goal of effecting political change as well as with the identity of the potential audience. It was nevertheless found to be inadequate in addressing the larger issues of injustice affecting immigrants as it served to reinforce and perpetuate the oppression of consciousness that has often left Latinos feeling that their heritage must be rejected in order to be deemed worthy of certain rights in the United States. While movement organizers managed to mobilize millions of people across the country, their influence on legislation has yet to be seen, as no immigration reforms have been written into law as of the writing of this thesis
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Eastaugh, Érik Labelle. "The rights of official language minority communities in Canada." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7500f091-db99-48ad-b269-3e0b7332705c.
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This thesis explores the meaning and content of s. 41 of the Official Languages Act of Canada, which imposes certain duties on all federal institutions towards French- and English-language minority communities. While vitally important as a component of Canada's language rights archictecture, the nature and content of s. 41 as a legal norm remain woefully unclear. The immediate aim is to determine: (1) whether s. 41 confers a right to specific measures in particular cases; (2) whether such rights are individual or collective; and (3) if collective, what sort of interests are protected. Section 41 presents a number of interpretive challenges. First, it uses terminology which is undefined in the Act and yet has no self-evident meaning. Thus, the nature of the primary legal subject, 'linguistic minority communities' (LMCs), is unclear, as are the nature of the protected interests, 'vitality' and 'development'. Second, the interpretive principles developed by the case-law for official language rights rely on a conceptual framework that is vague and under-theorized. Key components of that framework, like the concept of a necessary link between language and culture, have yet to be fully explored, either in the case-law or in legal scholarship. This presents an acute problem in the case of s. 41, where the content of these concepts will likely prove dispositive. In order to grapple with these challenges, this thesis develops an account of language rights as collective rights. Drawing on the philosophical literature and existing case-law, I argue that LMCs should be conceived of as collectivities rather than mere aggregates of individuals, and that a number of language rights, such as s. 41 of the OLA, and ss. 16.1 and 23 of the Charter, aim to protect the collective interests of these collectivities. I then define some of these interests from both an empirical and a normative perspective. I conclude by arguing that s. 41 of the OLA protects an 'autonomy interest', which both prohibits federal institutions from interfering with existing LMC autonomy, and provides a basis for claiming enhancements to that autonomy, within the confines of the statutory mandate of the institution in question.
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Thomas, Courtney Alexandra. "A comparative study of labor rights in Guatemala after the enactment of DR-CAFTA." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144369.
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In this study different variables proven to be correlated with labor rights to are used in a qualitative – descriptive study of the labor rights environment in the DR-CAFTA Latin American countries in order to determine if the current situation in Guatemala, subject of the first labor rights dispute under a free-trade agreement in United States history, is mirrored in each country, or is an environment unique to Guatemala. After a review of the variables this study concludes that Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua all have similarly low levels of all the correlated variables studied, but that Guatemala does in fact present as having a political and legal environment that is less conducive to labor rights.
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Nkurunziza, Venant. "Protection of indigenous peoples in Africa: the case of the batwa in Rwanda." University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3910.
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Aluome, Louis. "La norme collective à l'épreuve du transfert d'entreprise. : Essai en droit du travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020065.
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L’entreprise est le lieu de déploiement d'un statut professionnel privé nourri de conventions et accords collectifs de travail mais aussi d’engagements unilatéraux, d’usages et d’accords atypiques. L'application de ces normes, quelque fois leur survie, suscitent de nombreuses interrogations au fil des modifications apportées à la situation juridique de l’employeur, singulièrement de celles résultant du transfert de l’entreprise. Comment articuler les normes en concours ? Comment forger un corpus normatif unifié ? Les règles successivement posées par le législateur sont soumises à la double épreuve de la pratique professionnelle et, dès lors qu'éclate un contentieux, de l'interprétation du juge. Contraintes et incohérences sont dans certains cas de nature à neutraliser les effets attendus du transfert, voire d’y mettre obstacle. Des évolutions du corpus normatif seraient pertinentes afin que cessent les doutes (souvent) et les contradictions (parfois)A private professional status, fed on collective agreements, unilateral commitments and business uses, spreads out over the firm. The fate of those collective standards arouses numerous issues over the modifications of the employer’s legal situation, especially in the case of a transfer of undertaking. How to articulate transferor’s collective standards with transferee’s ? How to build an harmonized professional status ? The legal rules are confronted with the firm’s practicals and the judge’s interpretations. Constraints and inconsistencies could neutralize the transfer’s expected impact. Legal improvements would be relevant to silence doubts and difficulties
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Stein, Rosa Emilia Rodriguez. "Collective action in peripheral nations: A comparative analysis of five Central American countries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184789.
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This study examines the nature and intensity of collective action in five Central American nations during the period 1950-1980. Using a historical comparative analysis, I found that Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua have had guerrilla movements and Honduras and Costa Rica have not. Instead, Honduras and Costa Rica have developed workers and peasant movements that are important political forces in their respective societies. These differences are explained by comparing and contrasting the five countries in terms of distribution of land and income, their political structure and their political influence of the United States. Unequal distribution of land and income is commonly thought to produce frustration and discontent, and in turn, higher frequencies of collective action. In Central America, land and income inequality have remained, for the most part, constant, while the nature and intensity of collective action varies over time and across country. Consequently, I concluded that inequality alone does not facilitate the origin and development of forms of collective protest. More compelling theoretical arguments can be made for the political structure of each country and the political influence of the United States as preconditions for the nature and intensity of collective action. The strength of worker and peasant organizations, and their ability to protest non-violently during these times, occurred when the United States encouraged democratic government in these nations. These forms of governance provided freedom and protection for organizing and collective protest. But as the United States supported and encouraged repressive governments, non-violent actions were repressed, and in turn, violent forms of protest originated. Then guerrilla movements appeared and developed when the United States reduced or withdrew military assistance to these repressive governments.
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Doi, Stephanie. "Collective Memory and History: An Examination of Perceptions of Accuracy and Preference for Biased “History” Passages." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1633.
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Collective memory is a socially shared representation of the past. History, contrastingly, strives to be an unbiased, objective, and critical account of the past. Many researchers have argued that the so-called “history” found in school textbooks and curriculums align more with collective memory; however, many individuals do not know of the pervasiveness of collective memory in supposed “history” texts. To examine perceptions of accuracy and preference of American “history” textbook passages, individuals from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n= 404) participated in an online study where they were randomly assigned to read one passage that was either negatively biased, neutral, or positively biased regarding the U.S. dropping the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Participants rated their emotional valence of the event and their perceptions of accuracy and preference for the passage. The results suggest that individuals perceive negatively biased passages as less accurate and less preferable, even if their emotional valence matches the bias within the text. Individuals also showed the hypothesized interaction for preference; those who perceived the event as not negative preferred the positive text to the neutral and negative texts. The findings support evidence that individuals are motivated to prefer history passages consistent with their attitudes and rate higher accuracy among positive and neutral texts. The results have broader implications on reporting or dismissing human rights violations within collective memory.
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Caplan, Luciana. "A (in)disponibilidade dos direitos sociais fundamentais nas negociações coletivas de trabalho: uma reflexão a partir da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1095.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-28The present job intends to show the ideological impediments to the effectiveness of the economic, social and cultural rights, using the critical theory of the human rights and its consequences in the effectiveness of the worker s rights, in special in regards to the clauses of agreements and collective conventions of work. We look for to demonstrate as the theoretical constructions concerning human rights, fundamental rights and worker s rights are marked by elements of the bourgeois liberal hegemonic ideology and which way these theories allow the construction of practices that only are compromised with the reproduction of the status quo. On the other hand, with a hermeneutic proposal which is compromised with the political decisions which had chosen the principles which are in the Constitution of the Republic, we elaborate a proposal of criterions of validity for the conventional clauses that import in negotiation of conditions of work related to human and fundamental rights of the worker human being.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desvelar os entraves ideológicos à efetividade dos direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais, a partir da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos e seus reflexos na efetivação dos direitos dos trabalhadores, em especial no tocante às cláusulas constantes de acordos e convenções coletivas de trabalho. Procuramos demonstrar como as construções teóricas acerca de direitos humanos, direitos fundamentais e direito do trabalho encontram-se marcadas por elementos da ideologia hegemônica liberal burguesa e de que forma estas teorias permitem a construção de práticas comprometidas tão somente com a reprodução do status quo. Por outro lado, a partir de uma proposta hermenêutica compromissada com as decisões políticas que elegeram os princípios constantes da Constituição da República, elaboramos uma proposta de critério de validade para cláusulas convencionais que importam em negociação de condições de trabalho ligadas a direitos humanos e fundamentais do ser humano trabalhador.
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Castro, Ana Paula de. "A indenização punitiva na tutela coletiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5852.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-21Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The two main objectives of this study are: (i) advocate the application of punitive damages under the collective protection and (ii) submit, albeit briefly, some procedural implications of the application of punitive damages in class actions. To do this we started the work by mentioning the importance of protection of collective rights in a broad sense and presenting a panorama of several standards that deal with collective rights in a broad sense. In a second step, we analyze the evolution of liability and punitive damages as to present a new legal institution to be used for the prevention of collective damage. Finally, starting from the assumption that punitive damages can be used in the context of collective protection, some practical procedural aspects are mentioned in the application of punitive damages in class actions
Os dois principais objetivos do presente trabalho são: (i) defender a aplicação da indenização punitiva no âmbito da tutela coletiva e (ii) apresentar, ainda que de forma breve, algumas implicações processuais da aplicação da indenização punitiva nas ações coletivas. Para tanto, iniciamos o trabalho mencionando a importância da tutela dos direitos coletivos em sentido amplo e apresentando um panorama de diversas normas que tratam dos direitos coletivos em sentido amplo. Em um segundo momento, analisamos a evolução da responsabilidade civil e apresentamos a indenização punitiva como um novo instituto jurídico a ser utilizado para a prevenção de dano coletivos. Por fim, partindo-se do pressuposto de que a indenização punitiva pode ser utilizada no âmbito da tutela coletiva, mencionamos alguns aspectos processuais, de ordem prática, da aplicação da indenização punitiva nas ações coletivas