Journal articles: 'Collective orientation'

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Stout, Renee J., James E. Driskell, and Eduardo Salas. "Collective Orientation and Team Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 2 (October 1997): 1190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041002104.

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A lack of team coordination or collective behavior has been a prominent factor in many real-world accidents. Although collective orientation is purported to be a critical ability, it is a team skill that is very seldom fostered in individual training. This paper describes a program of research designed to address three primary questions regarding collective orientation. First, can we measure it? Second, does collective orientation make a difference in how well teams perform? Third, in what ways does behavior differ in collectively-oriented versus non collectively-oriented teams?

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Brown, Travor. "Sexual Orientation Provisions in Canadian Collective Agreements." Articles 58, no. 4 (March 23, 2004): 644–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007820ar.

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Abstract The past decade has been marked by increased awareness concerning employment discrimination against gays and lesbians. Yet, to the author’s knowledge, there has been limited research regarding the response of Canadian labour organizations to the workplace needs of gay and lesbian members. Limitations of these previous studies include small sample size, lack of theoretical framework, and the absence of empirical testing of hypotheses. The present study builds on these works through the use of Craig’s model, the inclusion of multi-disciplinary research, and the empirical testing of data collected from more than 240 Canadian collective agreements. Key findings include that larger, public sector bargaining units with equality clauses in their collective agreements were most likely also to contain clauses that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.

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Setayesh, S., J. Jacob, A. C. Grimsdale, K. M�llen, E. Somma, B. Loppinet, and G. Fytas. "Collective orientation dynamics in semi-rigid polymers." Colloid & Polymer Science 282, no. 8 (June 1, 2004): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-004-1116-1.

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Driskell, James E., Eduardo Salas, and Sandra Hughes. "Collective Orientation and Team Performance: Development of an Individual Differences Measure." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52, no. 2 (April 2010): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720809359522.

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Objective: We examine the construct of collective orientation, develop a measure to assess individual differences in collective orientation, and examine the extent to which the collective orientation of team members predicts performance on a variety of team tasks. Background: Scholars increasingly emphasize the importance of teamwork in collaborative work environments, and evidence indicates that a lack of teamwork is a prominent factor in many real-world accidents. Although it is clear that some persons are more team oriented than others are, there are few instruments available to assess individual differences in collective orientation in a team context. Method: We develop a scale to measure collective orientation in teams, gather evidence on reliability and construct validity, and examine the extent to which collective orientation predicts team performance. Results: Results indicate that the Collective Orientation Scale is reliable, correlates with cognate measures, and predicts performance on a variety of team tasks. Conclusion: We discuss the role of collective orientation in teams and the application of this scale to assess and diagnose teamwork deficiencies in work groups. Application: This research should contribute to a further understanding of factors that influence collaboration and coordination in teams.

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STEPANENKO, D. I. "COLLECTIVE MODES IN Q1D ORGANIC CONDUCTORS." Modern Physics Letters B 26, no. 29 (October 16, 2012): 1250190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984912501904.

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We study the weakly damped electromagnetic waves in strongly anisotropic organic conductors with the chain-like character of the intermolecular overlapping at various orientations of an external magnetic field and wave vector. We obtain the analytical expressions for the spectra of the collective modes in a number of limiting cases, in particular, the dispersion relations in a short-wavelength limit when the eigen frequencies are not close to the resonance frequency and its harmonics. The numerical analysis giving full enough description of the dispersion of the weakly damped eigenmodes is presented. We find the spectrum of the eigenmodes owing to electron oscillations along the least conductivity direction. We show that if the orientation of the wave vector k is not too close to the least conductivity direction, the dependence of the eigen frequencies on k has pronounced oscillatory character.

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Hagemann, Vera. "Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude." Swiss Journal of Psychology 76, no. 3 (July 2017): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000198.

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Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.

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Sofović, Bisera. "Povezanost interpersonalne orijentacije, iskustva i motivacije studenata za stanovanje u studentskom domu." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education, no. 1 2019 (2019): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2019.19.1.97.

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One of the indicators of psychological adjustment of adolescents is interpersonal orientation (attitudes to generalised others). Tis paper deals with interpersonal orientation of college students facing specifc challenges during studying – living in a dormitory. Te aim of the research was to examine the correlation between interpersonal orientation of students, their previous experience in coeval collective accommodation (peer-to-peer housing) and their motivation for living in a dormitory. Scale of interpersonal orientation (Bezinović, 2002), applied to 221 students, at the age of 18 to 28, who came from other towns to Sarajevo to study and who were living in one of dormitories of „Studentski centar’’ and Foundation for improvement of education and culture „Source of Hope’’. Two items are included in the questionnaire to examine the experience of housing in a collective accommodation and motivation for living in a dormitory. Te results indicate that there is a statistically signifcant correlation of interpersonal orientation of the students and their previous experience in coeval collective accommodation, as well as their motivation for living in a dormitory. Students with developed positive (philanthropic) orientation have predominantly pleasant experience, but students with developed negative (misanthropic) orientation have predominantly unpleasant experience while staying in coeval collective accommodation (peer-to-peer housing). It is proved that students who claim that the main reason for living in a dormitory is living with a peer group, have the highest philanthropic and the lowest misanthropic orientation. Students, who have not had the possibility to choose a place of housing, have the lowest philanthropic and the highest misanthropic orientation.

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Huang, Yen-Chih, and Yang-Chieh Chin. "Transforming collective knowledge into team intelligence: the role of collective teaching." Journal of Knowledge Management 22, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 1243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-03-2017-0106.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the pivotal role that collective teaching plays in knowledge transfer between new product development teams. This study develops a theoretical model of collective teaching, where team intelligence is its consequence and learning orientation cognitive skills are moderators. Design/methodology/approach Based on a questionnaire survey of 156 pairs of new product development project teams of information technology firms, the authors used partial least squares to test the study’s hypotheses. Findings The findings reveal that the use of collective teaching is positively related to team intelligence of recipient teams. In addition, T-shaped skills of source teams exert positive moderating influence on this relationship and so does a learning orientation of recipient teams. Research limitations/implications First, the sample firms used in the study are from the IT industry, which is characterized by extremely short product life cycles, thereby limiting the generalizability of the study’s findings. Second, the authors did not examine whether the effect of T-shaped skills is different at various NPD stages; the contributions of each functional expertise may vary depending on the NPD stage (e.g. the idea generation or pre-launch stage). Third, the use of cross-sectional design precludes a causal inference. The role of focal constructs and moderators and their consequent effects would benefit from more stringent, longitudinal research. Finally, the authors controlled for only a limited set of factors of team intelligence because other potential antecedents of this variable still await identification by future studies. Practical implications This study suggests that the implementation of collective teaching can enhance the capacity of a project team as a whole to manage and innovate information, namely, team intelligence. The study’s findings also suggest that the management must recognize the significance of teams’ learning orientation and thereby proactively develop teams’ learning culture by redesigning work, reward systems or performance evaluation to promote learning. Additionally, it is prudent for managers to reconsider their recruitment criteria to incorporate T-shaped skills. Originality/value This study represents the first step in developing an empirically grounded framework linking collective teaching with team intelligence. Additionally, the authors confirm that team intelligence is a four-dimensional construct.

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Miles, Jeffrey A. "Relationships of Collective Orientation and Cohesion to Team Outcomes." Psychological Reports 86, no. 2 (April 2000): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.435.

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The relationships of collective orientation and cohesion to team outcomes were compared for 373 high school students on 12 different types of two-person teams performing simple problems in mathematics. Scores on collective orientation and cohesion were highly correlated with each other and with team outcomes but not statistically distinct from each other.

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Peetz, Johanna, and Michael J. A. Wohl. "Perceiving time through group‐based glasses: Collective temporal orientation." British Journal of Social Psychology 58, no. 3 (November 8, 2018): 609–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12291.

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Kowalski, Robin M., and Randall Wolfe. "Collective Identity Orientation, Patriotism, and Reactions to National Outcomes." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 20, no. 5 (October 1994): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167294205010.

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Moudry, B. W., O. Yenen, and D. H. Jaecks. "Collective propensity of orientation for multielectron ions in collisions." Physical Review Letters 71, no. 7 (August 16, 1993): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.991.

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Etemad, Hamid. "Collective internationalization strategy, dispersed information, and entrepreneurial orientation interactions." Journal of International Entrepreneurship 18, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10843-020-00272-6.

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Ernst, Udo, Klaus Pawelzik, Misha Tsodyks, and Terrence J. Sejnowski. "Relation Between Retinotopical and Orientation Maps in Visual Cortex." Neural Computation 11, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016692.

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A recent study of cat visual cortex reported abrupt changes in the positions of the receptive fields of adjacent neurons whose preferred orientations strongly differed (Das & Gilbert, 1997). Using a simple cortical model, we show that this covariation of discontinuities in maps of orientation preference and local distortions in maps of visual space reflects collective effects of the lateral cortical feedback.

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Magyar, T. Michelle, Deborah L. Feltz, and Ian P. Simpson. "Individual and Crew Level Determinants of Collective Efficacy in Rowing." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26, no. 1 (March 2004): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.26.1.136.

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The purpose of this study was to examine individual (i.e., task self-efficacy, rowing experience, and goal orientations) and group/boat level (perceptions of motivational climate and boat size) determinants of collective efficacy in the sport of rowing. Participants were 154 male and female rowers ages 13 to 18 years (M = 16.19, SD = 1.29). Approximately 24 hours prior to the regional championship regatta, participants completed a demographic measure, the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2, and sport-specific individual and collective efficacy measures developed for the current study. Multilevel modeling revealed that task self-efficacy significantly predicted individual perceptions of collective efficacy, while perceptions of a mastery climate significantly predicted average collective efficacy scores at the group level.

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Rascle, Olivier, and Genevieve Coulomb. "AGGRESSION IN YOUTH HANDBALL: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GOAL ORIENTATIONS AND INDUCED MOTIVATIONAL CONTEXT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.1.21.

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This study examined the effects of the interaction between young male handball players'goal orientations (13-15 years of age) and induced motivational context (individual vs. collective performance) on observed aggression. 10 handball games, 5 under each induced motivational context, were videotaped and observed on monitor by means of a grid allowing the distinction between instrumental and hostile aggression. The results indicated (a) significant effects of the Induced motivational context and the Motivational Profile; and (b) an interaction between Induced motivational context and Motivational Profile on observed instrumental aggression. In a collective performance-induced context, players classified as being strongly both task- and ego-goal oriented displayed more instrumental aggression compared with those classified as having strong task-goal orientation and low ego-goal orientation.

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Park, Min Cheol. "Collective Psychology of the ‘Frustrated Desire’ and Koryosaram’s Value-Orientation." Journal of the Humanities for Unification 59 (September 30, 2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21185/jhu.2014.09.59.59.

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Fiedler, Marina. "COMMUNICATION IN VIRTUAL WORLDS, GROUP IDENTITY, COLLECTIVE ORIENTATION, AND COOPERATION." Academy of Management Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (August 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2008.33652653.

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Choma, Becky L., Gordon Hodson, David Sumantry, Yaniv Hanoch, and Michaela Gummerum. "Ideological and psychological predictors of COVID-19-related collective action, opinions, and health compliance across three nations." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.5585.

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Until vaccines or treatments are widely available and used, behavioral change (e.g. social distancing) on an unparalleled collective scale is the chief way to curb the spread of COVID-19. Relying on ideology and collective action models as conceptual frameworks, in the present study the role of ideological and psychological factors in COVID-19-related opinions, health compliance behaviors, and collective action were examined in three countries. Results, examining country as a moderator, showed some politically conservative orientations, especially social dominance orientation, relate to less collective action, less support of measures to manage COVID-19, and lower compliance. Variables, including empathy for those affected by COVID-19 and group efficacy also predicted COVID-19-related attitudes and behavior. Belief in science and perceived risk also emerged as key factors to impact compliance-related attitudes and behaviors. Implications for motivating collective compliance are discussed.

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Passini, Stefano. "Promoting or opposing social change: Political orientations, moral convictions and protest intentions." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i4.1693.

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The issue of the motivations behind the decision as to whether or not to join protest actions has been investigated by many scholars. In particular, recent studies have considered violations of one’s own moral convictions and identification with the protest group as the main predictors of collective actions. The present research will focus on the three orientations to the political system identified by Kelman and Hamilton (1989), which consider distinct reasons behind the attachment to the political system and explain the motivations behind supporting or opposing the institutions. The aim is to examine whether these three orientations have an effect on collective action (through moral convictions, politicized identification, anger, and efficacy) considering social protests both against and in favor of the status quo. Specifically, the political orientations should explain why individuals hold a given attitude (positive or negative) towards a policy position, hold it with moral conviction, and decide to join a protest action. The results of three studies confirm the relevance of considering political orientations. Depending on the aim of the protest, each political orientation has a distinct effect on collective action.

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Cobb, Paul, Ada Boufi, Kay McClain, and Joy Whitenack. "Reflective Discourse and Collective Reflection." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 28, no. 3 (May 1997): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.28.3.0258.

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The analysis in this paper focuses on the relationship between classroom discourse and mathematical development. We give particular attention to reflective discourse, in which mathematical activity is objectified and becomes an explicit topic of conversation. We differentiate between students' development of particular mathematical concepts and their development of a general orientation to mathematical activity. Specific issues addressed include both the teacher's role and the role of symbolization in supporting reflective shifts in the discourse. We subsequently contrast our analysis of reflective discourse with Vygotskian accounts of learning that also stress the importance of social interaction and semiotic mediation. We then relate the discussion to characterizations of classroom discourse derived from Lakatos' philosophical analysis.

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WOOLLEY, ANITA WILLIAMS. "OFFENSIVE VS. DEFENSIVE STRATEGIC ORIENTATION AND COLLECTIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING IN TEAMS." Academy of Management Proceedings 2009, no. 1 (August 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2009.44246882.

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Perlow, Leslie, Melissa Mazmanian, and Elizabeth Hansen. "Shifting Towards a Collective Temporal Orientation: Enabling a Sustainable Performance Culture." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 15568. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.15568abstract.

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Porter, Christopher O. L. H., Tomas Thundiyil, and Aleksander P. J. Ellis. "The Development and Utility of a True Collective Goal Orientation Measure." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (January 2014): 16387. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.16387abstract.

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Bossler, Mario. "The Rise in Orientation at Collective Bargaining Without a Formal Contract." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 58, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 17–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irel.12226.

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TARRAS, I., N. MOUSSA, M. MAZROUI, Y. BOUGHALEB, and A. HAJJAJI. "COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR OF INTERACTING PARTICLES: RADIUS-DEPENDENT PHASE TRANSITION." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 04 (January 17, 2013): 1350028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913500280.

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The aim of this paper is to study and discuss the effect of three zones (repulsion zone, orientation zone and attraction zone) on the phase transition in 2D-collective moving particles. Our main motivation is to better understand the complex behavior of non-equilibrium multi-agent system by extending the earlier and original model proposed by Viscek et al. [T. Viscek et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.75 (1995) 1226] for one zone. The analysis is performed over different situations by using a numerical simulation method. It is found that the radius R2 of orientation zone plays an important role in the system. In effect, by varying the parameter R2 a phase transition can be achieved from disordered moving of individuals to a group to highly aligned collective motion. The results also show that, the critical value of R2 at which the transition emerges depends strongly on the size of the repulsion zone but not on the size of attraction one.

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MEHANDIA, VISHWAJEET, and PRABHU R. NOTT. "The collective dynamics of self-propelled particles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 595 (January 8, 2008): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009184.

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We propose a method for the dynamic simulation of a collection of self-propelled particles in a viscous Newtonian fluid. We restrict attention to particles whose size and velocity are small enough that the fluid motion is in the creeping flow regime. We propose a simple model for a self-propelled particle, and extended the Stokesian Dynamics method to conduct dynamic simulations of a collection of such particles. In our description, each particle is treated as a sphere with an orientation vector p, whose locomotion is driven by the action of a force dipole Sp of constant magnitude S0 at a point slightly displaced from its centre. To simplify the calculation, we place the dipole at the centre of the particle, and introduce a virtual propulsion force Fp to effect propulsion. The magnitude F0 of this force is proportional to S0. The directions of Sp and Fp are determined by p. In isolation, a self-propelled particle moves at a constant velocity u0p, with the speed u0 determined by S0. When it coexists with many such particles, its hydrodynamic interaction with the other particles alters its velocity and, more importantly, its orientation. As a result, the motion of the particle is chaotic. Our simulations are not restricted to low particle concentration, as we implement the full hydrodynamic interactions between the particles, but we restrict the motion of particles to two dimensions to reduce computation. We have studied the statistical properties of a suspension of self-propelled particles for a range of the particle concentration, quantified by the area fraction φa. We find several interesting features in the microstructure and statistics. We find that particles tend to swim in clusters wherein they are in close proximity. Consequently, incorporating the finite size of the particles and the near-field hydrodynamic interactions is of the essence. There is a continuous process of breakage and formation of the clusters. We find that the distributions of particle velocity at low and high φa are qualitatively different; it is close to the normal distribution at high φa, in agreement with experimental measurements. The motion of the particles is diffusive at long time, and the self-diffusivity decreases with increasing φa. The pair correlation function shows a large anisotropic build-up near contact, which decays rapidly with separation. There is also an anisotropic orientation correlation near contact, which decays more slowly with separation. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.

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Thomas, Emma F., Craig McGarty, Gerhard Reese, Mariette Berndsen, and Ana-Maria Bliuc. "Where There Is a (Collective) Will, There Are (Effective) Ways." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 42, no. 12 (October 23, 2016): 1678–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216669134.

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The 21st century has borne witness to catastrophic natural and human-induced tragedies. These disasters necessitate humanitarian responses; however, the individual and collective bases of support are not well understood. Drawing on Duncan’s motivational model of collective action, we focus on how individual differences position a person to adopt group memberships and develop a “group consciousness” that provides the basis for humanitarian action. Longitudinal mediation analyses involving supporters of international humanitarian action ( N = 384) sampled annually for 3 years provided support for the hypothesized model, with some twists. The results revealed that within time point, a set of individual differences (together, the “pro-social orientation”) promoted a humanitarian group consciousness that, in turn, facilitated collective action. However, longitudinally, there was evidence that a more general pro-social orientation undermined subsequent identification with, and engagement in, the humanitarian cause. Results are discussed in terms of understanding the interplay between individual and group in collective actions.

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Petkov, Petko St, Volodymyr Bon, Claire L. Hobday, Agnieszka B. Kuc, Patrick Melix, Stefan Kaskel, Tina Düren, and Thomas Heine. "Conformational isomerism controls collective flexibility in metal–organic framework DUT-8(Ni)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 2 (2019): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06600k.

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Park, Sangwoo, Dakyeong Heo, and Dongwoo Shin. "Social Identity and Regulatory Focus : Can Collective Orientation Influences Consumers’ Message Evaluation?" ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL 21, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15830/amj.2019.21.1.89.

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Alavi, Seyyed Babak, and John McCormick. "Theoretical and Measurement Issues for Studies of Collective Orientation in Team Contexts." Small Group Research 35, no. 2 (April 2004): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496403258499.

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SHILO, AMY MUCHNICK, and EUGENE W. KELLY. "Individualistic and Collective Approaches to Counseling: Preference, Personal Orientation, Gender, and Age." Counseling and Values 41, no. 3 (April 1997): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.1997.tb00407.x.

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Campos Monteiro, Julieta M., and Stephen J. Dollinger. "An Autophotographic Study of Poverty, Collective Orientation, and Identity Among Street Children." Journal of Social Psychology 138, no. 3 (June 1998): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224549809600393.

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Paradise, Ruth, and Adriana Robles. "Two Mazahua (Mexican) communities: introducing a collective orientation into everyday school life." European Journal of Psychology of Education 31, no. 1 (July 13, 2015): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10212-015-0262-9.

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Voskresenskaya, N. G. "Effect of Youth's Value Orientation on the Development of Representations about their Country." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-2-409-417.

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The research featured the effect of collective and individual values of young people on their ideas about their motherland. The study was based on the following hypothesis: the ratio of collective and individual orientation is subject to fluctuations under the effect of socio-economic factors. They affect the specifics of young people's representations of Russia. The sample included students of Nizhny Novgorod aged 21–22. Of these, 120 participants (79 girls and 41 boys) were students in 2010 and 100 (62 girls and 38 boys) – in 2019. The research methods involved Schwartz’s values questionnaire and the method of free associations. The deterioration of the economic situation of most of the Russian society and the growth of foreign policy tensions proved to affect the values of young people. The students in the 2019 study had a more pronounced shift toward collective values than their peers in 2010. The lack of self-confidence suppressed the need for social recognition and increased the importance of reference groups. Students with a pronounced collective orientation had a focus on Russia's heroic past and traditions, as well as pessimistic and poorly formed views of the future. Students with an individual orientation demonstrated a greater optimism in their perception of the future of Russia, as well as a skeptical attitude to traditions and history. The study clarified the role of value orientation in shaping young people's representation of their country.

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Nikayin, Fatemeh, and Mark De Reuver. "What motivates small businesses for collective action in smart living industry?" Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 22, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 320–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-07-2012-0081.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study what motivates small businesses to engage in collective action, especially in high-tech industry. Design/methodology/approach – Application domain is smart living industry, in which installation companies offer ICT-enabled solutions for smart home services. A survey was conducted among 140 small/medium installation companies in smart living industry which are members of a major Dutch branch organization. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to model and analyse data from the survey. Findings – The paper found that different types of motivations do not significantly increase the collective orientation of small businesses. Moreover, the current involvement of small companies in smart living projects is not directly related to their collective orientation. Research limitations/implications – The lack of collaboration is resulting in market fragmentation and lack of technological interoperability. The paper advise policy makers to provide selective incentives to stimulate collaboration and to facilitate knowledge sharing on best practices and collective business cases. Originality/value – The motivational factors for collective action between small businesses in high-tech sectors have rarely been studied. Although many studies addresses collective action issues on an individual level, the literature lacks an integration of existing theories into a set of testable hypotheses that aim at motivators and inhibitors of inter-organizational collective action.

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Schell, Maximilian. "Gruppe und Identität. Der »Social Identity Approach« im Gespräch mit theologischer Anthropologie und Ethik." Evangelische Theologie 81, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/evth-2021-810107.

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Abstract Against the background of the virulent question of destructive conflict dynamics between groups, the present contribution introduces the social-psychological theory complex of the »Social Identity Approach« (SIA) and discusses it from a theological-anthropological and theological-ethical point of view. While the SIA assumes that social identity, which is important for the concept of self, leads to depersonalization and the devaluation of foreign groups, a Christian understanding of identity could on the one hand protect against overidentification with collective identities and on the other hand, following Bonhoeffer's reflections, remind us that collectives, too, must be understood as actors with an ethical orientation and, as collective persons, must be held responsible in a specific way for processes of social transformation. The church, as an actor in civil society, could play the prototypical role of a reconciling collective.

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Makhdoom, Habib ur Rehman, Cai Li, and Shoaib Asim. "Diffusion of innovation through individual and collective entrepreneurship." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 13, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-06-2018-0040.

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PurposeThis paper aims to develop an original framework of innovation and to explore the complexity of association between individual and collective (team-based) entrepreneurship, and their simultaneous impacts on innovation in context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachAn integral theoretical framework is developed to encourage innovation and the hypothetical relations are tested with the help of structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS. Data were gathered through survey technique and the questioners were distributed through email among 700 entrepreneurs from SMEs operating in five major industrial cities of Punjab province Pakistan.FindingsThe results of SEM analyses confirm that both the individual entrepreneur and the collective efforts of all the business members contribute to innovation in SMEs. Entrepreneur’s personality traits have a direct positive impact on innovation while the centralized decision-making by entrepreneur is not associated with innovation. Centralized decision-making is found to be negatively associated with communication and have insignificant positive association with collaboration. Factors associated with the team-based entrepreneurship like communication and collaboration among members of the SME’s contribute to the entrepreneurial orientation and collective entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial orientation and collective entrepreneurship have direct positive impact on innovation in SMEs.Practical implicationsIt is imperative for SMEs to encourage decentralized organizational culture and participative leadership to bring innovation into their products and processes and further to improve their competitive advantage.Originality/valueTo the best of author knowledge, present study is a first attempt that explores the complex association between individual and team-based entrepreneurship and further, empirically investigate the simultaneous impacts of these variables on innovation in context of SMEs.

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Chen, Zaozao, Qiwei Li, Shihui Xu, Jun Ouyang, and Hongmei Wei. "Nanotopography-Modulated Epithelial Cell Collective Migration." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3086.

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Matrix nanotopography plays an essential role in regulating cell behaviors including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. While studies on isolated single cell migration along the nanostructural orientation have been reported for various cell types, there remains a lack of understanding of how nanotopography regulates the behavior of collectively migrating cells during processes such as epithelial wound healing. We demonstrated that collective migration of epithelial cells was promoted on nanogratings perpendicular to, but not on those parallel to, the wound-healing axis. We further discovered that nanograting-modulated epithelial migration was dominated by the adhesion turnover process, which was Rho-associated protein kinase activity-dependent, and the lamellipodia protrusion at the cell leading edge, which was Rac1-GTPase activity-dependent. This work provides explanations to the distinct migration behavior of epithelial cells on nanogratings, and indicates that the effect of nanotopographic modulations on cell migration is cell-type dependent and involves complex mechanisms

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Rønn, Kira Vrist, and Karen Lund Petersen. "Collective supervision of Master's thesis students." Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift 13, no. 25 (September 28, 2018): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dut.v13i25.104440.

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Collective supervision has become a common way to provide supervision at schools of higher education. This is also true for the supervision of master’s thesis students on the Master’s Programme, Security Risk Management at the University of Copenhagen. Based on experiences with collective supervision of master thesis students, this paper engages with the many understandings of feedback and learning in play in the teaching situation. In the scholarly literature, features such as multivoicedness, dialogue, process- and student-orientation are empha-sized when addressing collective supervision. Yet, our findings show a clash of expectations between a majority of the students (and supervisors) and these ide-als of collective supervision. Indeed, many students still believe feedback should be troubleshooting and product-oriented. In the final part of the paper we out-line a handful of ideas on how to improve future collective supervision to explicit-ly address the gap between expectations and conceptions of good feedback.

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Jaiswal, Aparajita, Tugba Karabiyik, Paul Thomas, and Alejandra J. Magana. "Characterizing Team Orientations and Academic Performance in Cooperative Project-Based Learning Environments." Education Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090520.

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Information technology professionals are required to possess both technical and professional skills while functioning in teams. Higher education institutions are promoting teamwork by engaging students in cooperative and project-based learning environments. We characterized teams based on their collective orientations and evaluated their team performance in a cooperative project-based learning environment situated in a sophomore-level systems analysis and design course. We explored the orientation patterns in terms of goals, roles, processes, and interpersonal relations (GRPI). Specifically, we analyzed team retrospectives of 23 teams using a mixed-method approach. Findings characterized teams into balanced and unbalanced orientations. Teams with balanced orientations demonstrated a higher level of team performance in terms of academic achievement than the unbalanced category.

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Moretti, Paolo, and Marc-Thorsten Hütt. "Link-usage asymmetry and collective patterns emerging from rich-club organization of complex networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 31 (July 20, 2020): 18332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919785117.

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In models of excitable dynamics on graphs, excitations can travel in both directions of an undirected link. However, as a striking interplay of dynamics and network topology, excitations often establish a directional preference. Some of these cases of “link-usage asymmetry” are local in nature and can be mechanistically understood, for instance, from the degree gradient of a link (i.e., the difference in node degrees at both ends of the link). Other contributions to the link-usage asymmetry are instead, as we show, self-organized in nature, and strictly nonlocal. This is the case for excitation waves, where the preferential propagation of excitations along a link depends on its orientation with respect to a hub acting as a source, even if the link in question is several steps away from the hub itself. Here, we identify and quantify the contribution of such self-organized patterns to link-usage asymmetry and show that they extend to ranges significantly longer than those ascribed to local patterns. We introduce a topological characterization, the hub-set-orientation prevalence of a link, which indicates its average orientation with respect to the hubs of a graph. Our numerical results show that the hub-set-orientation prevalence of a link strongly correlates with the preferential usage of the link in the direction of propagation away from the hub core of the graph. Our methodology is embedding-agnostic and allows for the measurement of wave signals and the sizes of the cores from which they originate.

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Yamaguchi, Ayano, Satoshi Akutsu, Atsushi Oshio, and Min-Sun Kim. "Effects of Cultural Orientation, Self-Esteem, and Collective Self-Esteem on Well-Being." Psychological Studies 62, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12646-017-0413-y.

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Zhao, Yong Xiang, Z. He, and B. Yang. "Short Fatigue Crack Propagation Threshold of Railway LZ50 Axle Steel." Advanced Materials Research 544 (June 2012): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.544.274.

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Collective short fatigue behaviour nearby material micro-structural barrier threshold is experimentally observed for the smooth specimens of Chinese railway LZ50 axle steel. Effective micro-cracks which result in the specimens’ failure were initiated from the material ferrite particles on the surfaces of the specimens. Four elements i.e. crack size, orientation angle, and the two crack tip orientation angles should be contained for each micro-crack. The collective micro-crack behaviour should be described by an equivalent dominant effective short fatigue crack (ESFC) concept using an ESFC theory. And an equivalent method is then developed with an equivalent growth driving energy concept. A random modeling of the equivalent dominant ESFC growth rates is further constructed for describing the random behaviour of the collective ESFCs nearby the material micro-structure barrier threshold. And the kinetic threshold is subsequently conducted from the modeling.

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Li, Su, and C. Ya Tian. "A Knowledge-Based System for Questionnaires Evaluation of Digital Piano Collective Course for Preschool Education Major in Normal Universities." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 09 (January 14, 2020): 2059032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420590326.

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In order to improve the teaching level of digital piano collective course for preschool education major in normal universities and provide high-quality music education for children, a knowledge-based system for questionnaires evaluation of digital piano collective course for preschool education major in normal universities is proposed. The system can collect sufficient data and information, the exact orientation of piano learning, the exact choice of teaching mode by questionnaires. A comprehensive analysis of the students’ characteristics, teachers’ post skills and the orientation of digital piano syllabus in the preschool collective course teaching of digital piano in normal universities is made. Moreover, some countermeasures for perfecting digital piano teaching mode are proposed. As a result, it promotes the level of piano teaching in preschool education major, realizes the goal of arousing students’ enthusiasm for study and reduces teachers’ pressure.

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Murooka, Y., N. Tanaka, and M. Hibino. "Angular - Resolved Electron - Energy - Loss - Spectroscopy of Perovskite Manganeese Oxide." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003350x.

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Among perovskite manganese oxide systems, La1-xSrxMnO3, has been intensely investigated because of its interesting magnetic and electronic properties such as colossal magneto resistance (CMR). These properties are largely determined by the electronic structure of the valence electrons. The electronic structure of the electrons in the energy states near the Fermi level was probed by using electronic excitations of less than a few eV. Ordinarily, the information obtained about the energy states was integrated over all crystal orientations, and only few anisotropic systems were studied in terms of their orientation dependence. In the present study, we reported an orientation dependence of the plasmon dispersion, which corresponded to electronic excitations of 30eV and characterized the collective excitation of the valance electrons, on an isotropic system La,.xSrxMn03 (x=0.4) by angular-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).

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Travaglino, Giovanni A., and Chanki Moon. "Power distance orientation as an antecedent of individuals’ intentions to engage in radical political action." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 8 (December 2020): 1283–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220921940.

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The cultural dimension of power distance refers to individuals’ acceptance of power inequalities in society. Countries characterized by high power distance at the collective level face more domestic extremism. However, research has yet to examine how individual differences in power distance orientation may affect individuals’ intentions to engage in radical and violent political action. In this research, we test the hypothesis that stronger endorsement of power distance values makes people more prone to express their intentions to engage in radical and violent political action. To test the hypothesis’ generalizability across contexts, we sample from 2 countries characterized by different levels of power distance at the collective level, South Korea (higher power distance) and the United States (lower power distance). Studies 1a and 1b were surveys ( N = 1,214) demonstrating an association between power distance orientation and radical political action over and beyond other known predictors of political participation, including political efficacy, perceived justice, emotions of anger and contempt, political orientation, and social dominance orientation. In Studies 2a–2c ( N = 430; 2c preregistered), priming a higher (vs. lower) power distance orientation heightened individuals’ propensity to express the intentions to engage in radical political action. Theoretical implications of the findings, and future research directions, are discussed.

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Viktorinová, Ivana, Len M. Pismen, Benoît Aigouy, and Christian Dahmann. "Modelling planar polarity of epithelia: the role of signal relay in collective cell polarization." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 60 (April 20, 2011): 1059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0117.

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Collective cell polarization is an important characteristic of tissues. Epithelia commonly display cellular structures that are polarized within the plane of the tissue. Establishment of this planar cell polarity requires mechanisms that locally align polarized structures between neighbouring cells, as well as cues that provide global information about alignment relative to an axis of a tissue. In the Drosophila ovary, the cadherin Fat2 is required to orient actin filaments located at the basal side of follicle cells perpendicular to the long axis of the egg chamber. The mechanisms directing this orientation of actin filaments, however, remain unknown. Here we show, using genetic mosaic analysis, that fat2 is not essential for the local alignment of actin filaments between neighbouring cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that Fat2 is involved in the propagation of a cue specifying the orientation of actin filaments relative to the tissue axis. Monte Carlo simulations of actin filament orientation resemble the results of the genetic mosaic analysis, if it is assumed that a polarity signal can propagate from a signal source only through a connected chain of wild-type cells. Our results suggest that Fat2 is required for propagating global polarity information within the follicle epithelium through direct cell–cell contact. Our computational model might be more generally applicable to study collective cell polarization in tissues.

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Schimmel, Ian. "Entrepreneurial Educators: A Narrative Study Examining Entrepreneurial Educators In Launching Innovative Practices For K-12 Schools." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v9i2.9615.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the entrepreneurial orientation reflected in the experiences of seasoned entrepreneurial educators as they reflect on the development of their innovative practices. The researcher used the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Lumpkin and Dess (1996) as a theoretical lens to accompany interpretive research perspective. An in-depth literature review revealed many differing definitions of entrepreneurship and few ideas on educational entrepreneurs. A qualitative approach was selected to gain data through the use of artifact collection and open-ended interviews. Data was analyzed using the three-dimension space approach model of Clandinin and Connelly (2000). Individual participant profiles were created before a collective restory was made. Five participants who were purposefully selected as being educational entrepreneurs were used. Based on the data, six themes, and additional subthemes emerged. The findings partly agreed with Lumpkin and Dess’s (1996) Entrepreneurial Orientation. The study found that educational entrepreneurs are: risk-takers, innovators, proactive, built on prior positive experiences, had difficulties starting, and were collaborative.

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Izudin, Ahmad. "Revealing the Orientation of the Post-Reformation Islamic Student Movement in Indonesia." Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/politika.12.1.2021.11-24.

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This article explains the traces of the post-reformation Islamic student movement. The movement is still considered as the power of civil society to conduct democratization, but its tendency does not lead to social transformation. Sidney Tarrow (1996) used a theory of collective behavior reference in social movements to discuss this issue. This article is based on a qualitative research method. The data were collected by using Focus Group Discussion, interview, documentation, and literature review. This study finds out that an orientation shifting of the Islamic student movement, which is interesting to reveal. The shifting indicates the tendency to change orientation accordingly to the national political change and fluctuations. In this situation, the Islamic student movement has experienced several social dynamics. A new movement model arises when they use social media as an alternate formto convey their social criticism like through the street demonstration to critize governance practices.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Collective orientation'

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