Relevant bibliographies by topics / Collective farms China

Academic literature on the topic 'Collective farms China'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Collective farms China"

1

Han, C. "Energy analysis of advanced collective farms in North China." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 13, no. 3-4 (July 1985): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(85)90013-1.

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2

Luo, Hui, Zhaomin Hu, Xiuping Hao, Nawab Khan, and Xiaojie Liu. "Assessment and Comparison of Agricultural Technology Development under Different Farmland Management Modes: A Case Study of Grain Production, China." Land 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111895.

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Agricultural technological change plays a crucial role in food security and agricultural development. In the case of considering economic risks and technical risk tolerance, farmers will use different technologies to match production factors to achieve the optimal production state. Therefore, under different farmland management modes, farms show different characteristics of technological progress. This paper attempts to compare and analyze agricultural technology development under different farmland management modes: the unified management mode of collective organizations (UMCO) and the decentralized management mode of contracted families (DMCF). The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) of the translog average production function was applied to the 24 farms of the Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group, of which 11 farms in the western part of the Greater Khingan Mountains (Western Farms) were managed by the DMCF, and the other 13 farms in the eastern part of the Greater Khingan Mountains (Eastern Farms) were managed by the UMCO. The results are as follows: (1) without considering the resource allocation efficiency, from 2000 to 2019, the generalized technological progress rate (TFPG) of the 13 Eastern Farms (7.65%) was higher than that of the Western Farms (2.25%). (2) The returns to scale (SRC) of the Western Farms was higher than that of the Eastern Farms. (3)The technological efficiency change rate (TEC) and the technical progress (TP) of the Eastern Farms is higher than that of the Western Farms. It is recommended that farms strengthen the construction of their infrastructure and service systems, resist natural disasters, reduce the disaster’s impact on technological progress, give full play to the overall planning advantages of the collective organizations, improve the product allocation efficiency factors, and create connotative profit points.
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Wang (王海娟), Haijuan, and Xuefeng He (贺雪峰). "The Modernization of the Peasant Economy: In Search of the Socialist Path (小农经济现代化的社会主义道路)." Rural China 14, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-20170002.

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Past studies have discussed the “socialist” nature of agricultural development in China in terms of equality in distribution since the introduction of the Household Responsibility System (hrs) and its institutional necessities. This article instead addresses the issue of the modernization of the peasant economy by exploring the various practices in agricultural production that led to a socialist path since 1980. The peasant economy under thehrstakes the form of a dual-layer management, and the collective economy is under the unified management by the collective. The collective economy propels the modernization of the peasant economy by the means of integration of funding, integration of land rights, and land concentration, respectively, in response to the different phases in the development of the forces of production. What is emerging in China is the fourth path to agricultural modernization characteristic of China, after the existing three paths, namely capitalist agriculture of large private farms, socialist agriculture of large collective farms, and the capitalist agriculture of small family farms. This new path, or socialist agriculture of small family farms, is characterized by the enlargement of the management unit on the basis of the collective economy that overcomes the constraints of the peasant economy. However, while institutional possibilities do exist for a socialist path in agricultural development in China, the policies pursued by the Chinese government are turning Chinese agriculture into capitalist agriculture of small family farms.学界从均等分配角度揭示了家庭承包经营制后农业发展的“社会主义”性质及其制度合理性，本文尝试从农业生产角度揭示1980年以来中国社会主义道路实践，探究小农经济现代化问题。家庭承包经营制改革后的小农经济采取双层经营体制，集体经济以集体统一经营的方式存在。在不同生产力阶段，集体经济分别以资金整合、地权整合和土地集中的方式，促进小农经济现代化。从集体经济扩大农业经营单位，克服小农经济局限性的角度，中国在资本主式私人大农场农业、社会主义式集体大农场农业、资本主义式小农家庭农业之外，探索出具有中国特色的第四种农业现代化道路，即社会主义式小农家庭农业。中国农业发展有走向社会主义道路的制度空间，但中国政府的政策选择使得中国农业发展正在走向资本主义式小农家庭农业。(This article is in Chinese.)
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Halliday, Terence C., and Sida Liu. "Dignity Discourses in Struggles for Basic Legal Freedoms in China." Asian Journal of Law and Society 8, no. 1 (February 2021): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2020.40.

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AbstractHow do dignity discourses shift the framing of struggles for basic legal freedoms? Based on our decade-long empirical research on lawyers and politics in China, we provide a theoretical intervention in a burgeoning socio-legal scholarship on dignity in this article. Drawing inductively from in-depth interviews, we find that a powerful current of dignity consciousness and sentiment, joined by an acute awareness of dignity harms, flows through the community of Chinese activist lawyers. Their dignity discourses can be witnessed and explained in four streams of awareness: (1) dignity experienced as an ideal in juridical, philosophical, and theological idioms; (2) dignity takings experienced indirectly and directly in the property takings of clients’ homes, farms, and livelihood; (3) assaults on dignity through property takings of spaces of religious worship; and (4) the takings of professional dignity from the lawyers charged with defending the dignity of others. This article points to the value of dignity framings in the general theory of collective action for basic legal freedoms.
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Han, Wenjing, Zhengfeng Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang, and Li He. "Farmland Rental Participation, Agricultural Productivity, and Household Income: Evidence from Rural China." Land 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090899.

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The rural land rental market is playing an increasingly important role in the agricultural transformation period for developing countries, including China, where rural farmland rental is highly context-specific with the implementation of the collective-owned rural land system; thus, in turn, the access to farmland rental markets for rural households has profoundly influenced their livelihood strategies and income earnings. This paper investigates the income impact differences caused by rural households’ farmland rental participation activities and explores such impact mechanisms by further evaluating the income impacts caused by rental area and household agricultural productivity. Data from the Chinese national household survey were used for estimating the empirical models. Our results show that farmland renting has positively affected households’ on-farm and total income, but there is no significant effect upon off-farm income. According to income differences across quantiles, we find households with high on-farm income are more sensitive about enlarging their farm size by renting farmland, and households with middle and upper-middle off-income may benefit more from renting out their farmland. Furthermore, the joint effects of renting area and household agricultural productivity on lessee households’ farm income is significantly positive. For lessor households, our results indicate that renting out farmland did not improve their off-farm and total income as it may have a limited effect on farm household labor distribution. Our findings suggest that engaging in farmland rental activity can enhance farming productivity efficiency and poverty alleviation among rural households. Under the collective-owned rural land system, it is urgent and necessary to initiate and design incentive policies to encourage highly efficient large farms to expand the farm size and provide smallholders with equal opportunities to engage in farmland rental activities.
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TANIELIAN, ADAM. "Sustainability and Competitiveness in Thai Rubber Industries." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 36, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 50–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v36i1.5512.

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This article assesses the economic, legal and environmental conditions that Thai rubber farmers face and evaluates actions they can take to increase incomes.Statistical analyses determine relationships between prices of oil, natural and synthetic rubber. Pearson correlation tests found a strong positive relationship (r = 0.887) between the price of Brent crude and Thai ribbed smoked sheets, and a moderate positive relationship between price changes in Brent and synthetic rubber (r = 0.648). Regression analysis showed Brent oil price is a good predictor of natural rubber price. Moderate to strong positive relationships were also found between natural rubber price and the gross domestic products of Japan, China and the United States. Criminal antitrust behaviour in the rubber industries appeared to interfere with normal pricing in rubber markets. No significant bivariate correlation was found between rainfall in Thailand and natural rubber price, production or export, although fl ooding and other environmental issues clearly affected rubber farms. A survey of options showed that Thai rubber farmers can best improve their livelihoods through the collective purchase and use of new technologies and by integrating into downstream supplychain industries. At the very least, farmers are urged to abandon monocrop methods and supplement their incomes with fruit, fi sh, livestock or pigs.
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Kampan, Palapan. "Sustainability and Competitiveness of Thailand’s Natural Rubber Industry in Times of Global Economic Flux." Asian Social Science 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n1p169.

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This study assesses economic, legal, and environmental conditions that Thai rubber farmers face, and evaluates actions they can take to increase incomes. Statistical analyses determine relationships between prices of oil, natural and synthetic rubber. Pearson correlation tests found a strong positive relationship (r = 0.887) between the price of Brent crude and Thai ribbed smoked sheets, and a moderate positive relationship between price changes in Brent and synthetic rubber (r = 0.648). Regression analysis showed Brent oil price is a good predictor of natural rubber prices. Moderate to strong positive relationships were also found between natural rubber price and gross domestic product of Japan, China, and the United States. Criminal antitrust behavior in rubber industries appeared to interfere with normal pricing in rubber markets. No significant bivariate correlation was found between rainfall in Thailand and natural rubber price, production, or export although flooding and other environmental issues clearly affected rubber farms. A survey of options showed Thai rubber farmers can improve livelihoods best through collective purchase and use of new technologies, and by integrating into downstream supply chain industries. At very least, farmers are urged to abandon monocrop methods and supplement incomes with fruit, fish, livestock, or pigs. stment budget, 2) architectural Aesthetic, and 3) utilization. Additionally, background of the interviewees is one of reinforcing factors for decision on universal design investment.
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ZAKHARCHENKO, Volodymyr. "UKRAINIAN LAND MARKET MODEL – EXCLUSIVE OR «HYBRID» OF THE LATIFUNDIST MODEL?" "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 4(58) (December 24, 2021): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2021-4-10.

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The article considers topical issues of land reform in Ukraine in the context of the introduction of the Ukrainian model of the agricultural land market (AL). The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the official and author's models of the market turnover of ALs in order to increase the strengths and neutralize the weaknesses of the first of them and turn it into an exclusive model, rather than a copy of the worst variants of the baseline models. It is shown that the state model, which is practiced in Israel, China and other countries, is based on lease land relations - between the state, as the owner of the land, and collective agricultural enterprises, and these relations are regulated by the state land authority. It is determined that the farming model, as the most common and effective, has in its basis a private form of ownership of land, which is cultivated mainly by small and medium farms, and lease land relations are complemented by the market. And these relations, as in Poland, are regulated by state and self-governing bodies. It has been established that the latifundist model of the AL market is also based on private ownership of land, but the main market entities are not farms, but agricultural holdings. Within the framework of this model, land relations between the market entities are oriented mainly on land grabbing and are usually regulated by the general competence authorities. In general, this model is the most threatening to the food security of many countries where it is practiced, such as Madagascar, and the sustainable development of their rural areas. It is justified that the Ukrainian model of the AL market from July 21, 2021 to January 1, 2024 will have many signs of a farming model. But since then, it should not become a «hybrid» of the latifundist, but a combined version of the farm and state models. At the same time, the emphasis should be placed not on the privatization of land, but on their effective use, based on the advantages of the lease form of the land circulation, which are associated with the introduction of long-term lease, increasing its price and transferring to the electronic form.
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9

Yang, Yang, Hua Li, Zhen Liu, Long Cheng, Assem Abu Hatab, and Jing Lan. "Effect of Forestland Property Rights and Village Off-Farm Environment on Off-Farm Employment in Southern China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072605.

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Reasonably promoting the off-farm employment of rural surplus labor in China’s collective forest areas is an important way to increase forest resources and increase farmers’ income. China’s new round of collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) aims to optimize forest area labor allocation by strengthening forestland property rights. Therefore, in different village off-farm environments, it is necessary to explore how forestland property rights affect off-farm employment in forest areas. Based on survey data from 742 households in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, this paper examines this effect using the double-hurdle model. The results indicate that forestland transfer rights promote decision-making about, and the supply of, off-farm labor, while forest harvesting rights significantly increase the supply of off-farm labor. The villages’ off-farm income ratio also affected the supply of off-farm labor. Moreover, under the regulation of the village off-farm income ratio, the positive incentives of forestland transfer rights on decision-making about, and the supply of, off-farm labor gradually weakened, but the incentive effect of forest harvesting rights on the supply of off-farm labor gradually increased. It is proposed that the CFTR should be further promoted, the forestland circulation mechanism and regulating forest harvest quota system should be improved, and implementation of forestry property mortgages should be strengthened.
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Jiao, Ruixue, Zhaoyang Ji, Xiaoyuan Zhu, Hongyan Shi, Jianfei Chen, Da Shi, Jianbo Liu, et al. "Genome Analysis of the G6P6 Genotype of Porcine Group C Rotavirus in China." Animals 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212951.

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Swine enteric disease is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality, and viral species involved in swine enteric disease include rotaviruses and coronaviruses, among others. Awareness of the circulating porcine rotavirus group C (PoRVC) in pig herds is critical to evaluate the potential impact of infection. At present, due to the lack of disease awareness and molecular diagnostic means, the research on RVC infection in China is not well-studied. In this study, diarrhea samples collected from pig farms were detected positive for RVC by PCR, and the full-length RVC was not previously reported for Chinese pig farms. This rotavirus strain was designated as RVC/Pig/CHN/JS02/2018/G6P6. A natural recombination event was observed with breakpoints at nucleotides (nt) 2509 to 2748 of the VP2 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on nsp1 revealed that a new branch A10 formed. Collectively, our data suggest a potentially novel gene recombination event of RVC in the VP2 gene. These findings provide a new insight into the evolution of the rotavirus.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Collective farms China"

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Kung, James Kai-Sing. "From collective to family farms : a transaction cost analysis of an institutional change." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239239.

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"Off-farm employment growth and agricultural land consolidation in China." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-07-1642.

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The history of now-developed countries implies a common transformation path of economic development. That is, within an economy, as wage grows in non-farm sectors, labour migrates out of agriculture. With fewer workers, agricultural land resources may concentrate into the hands of fewer but larger farm operations (agricultural land consolidation), with more investment and higher production specification. However, the development process of China is less likely to trace the same path as it does in these countries, given its distinctive institutions. To examine the development process in the unique context of China, this dissertation focuses on two questions: (1) how do China’s rural workers self-select into off-farm employment (OFE)? (2) How does agricultural land consolidation occur in China? In addressing the first question, I use Roy’s self-section model to analyze the following three occupational choices of China’s rural residents: farming only, local OFE, and migratory OFE. Based on household survey data from 101 communities in rural China in 2004 and 2007, the empirical results show that individual and household characteristics are important self-selecting factors for OFE participation. More importantly, I find that the increase of OFE in China is largely consistent with market-driven expectations. In addressing the question of whether and why the consolidation of farm operations develops in China’s agriculture, I assess the divergence between the size of farm operations from equal entitlements. The theoretical model predicts that a higher opportunity cost of farm labour, in the form of the urban wage, exerts a positive influence on consolidation of farm operations through rental arrangements. A Gini index is used to measure the inequality of farmland operations relative to equal farmland entitlements, with greater inequality being consist with higher consolidation of farm operations. Empirical results support the theoretical prediction, specifically, a 1000-yuan increase in the annual urban wage, holding all other influences constant, increases the Gini index by 0.012 (mean=0.26) over the 2004-2007 period.
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Books on the topic "Collective farms China"

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The privatization of China: The great reversal. London: Earthscan, 1991.

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Quan li, li yi yu xin nian: Xin zhi du zhu yi shi jiao xia de ren min gong she yan jiu = Power, benefits and beliefs : A new institutionalism perspective on people's commuen in rural China. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Nong cun ren min gong she shi: Nongcun renmingongshe shi. Fuzhou Shi: Fujian ren min chu ban she, 2003.

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Thiel, Ingo. Der dörfliche Bodenübernahmevertrag (nongcun tudi chengbao hetong) in der VR China: Ökonomische Funktion und rechtliche Gestalt im Wandel (1985-1995). Marburg: Tectum Verlag, 1998.

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Hinton, William. The great reversal: The privatization of China, 1978-1989. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990.

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Ren min gong she hua yun dong ji shi: Renmin gongshehua yundong jishi. Beijing Shi: Dong fang chu ban she, 2014.

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The political economy of collective farms: An analysis of China's post-Mao rural reforms. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1988.

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Gong fen zhi xia de nong hu lao dong. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo nong ye chu ban she, 2011.

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Oi, Jean Chun. State and peasant in contemporary China: The political economy of village government. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

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Tian tang shi yan: Ren min gong she hua yun dong shi mo = Ren min gong she hua yun dong shi mo. Beijing Shi: Zhong gong zhong yang dang xiao chu ban she, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Collective farms China"

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Miller, Chris. "Fiscal Crisis, the Tiananmen Option, and the Dissolution of the USSR." In The Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630175.003.0008.

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This chapter examines the growth of the Soviet budget deficit from 1989 through 1991. The government plugged the increasingly large hole in its budget by printing money. This caused a surge of inflation that made economic mechanisms ground to a halt. The security services, backed by allies in heavy industries and collective farms, sought to resolve the problem by emulating post-Tiananmen China. They launched a coup in August, 1991 to reestablish authoritarian rule. The coup leaders hoped this would provide the power they needed to balance the budget. In fact, the subsidies that flowed to the military and other interest groups were the main cause of the budget deficit. The putsch could only have succeeded in resolving the country’s deficit if the new leaders cut spending on the military, farms, and heavy industries—the very groups that supported the coup. That was never a plausible outcome. Lacking fresh ideas to resolve the country’s economic crisis, the coup collapsed and the USSR hurtled toward disintegration.
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Conference papers on the topic "Collective farms China"

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Feng, Xinchi, Houlei Gao, Bin Xu, and Yitong Wu. "Fault Characteristics Analysis of Power Collecting Lines in VSC-HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farm." In 2021 IEEE 2nd China International Youth Conference on Electrical Engineering (CIYCEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciycee53554.2021.9676723.

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