Journal articles on the topic 'Collection development (libraries) – united states'
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1
Masuchika, Glenn. "Japanese Cartoons, Virtual Child Pornography, Academic Libraries, and the Law." Reference & User Services Quarterly 54, no. 4 (June 19, 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.54n4.54.
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Many academic libraries are adding comics and cartoon in print form to their collections. Japanese comics, called "manga," are a large part of this collecting. However, in some of these items, there are drawn images of people seemingly under eighteen years of age engaged in highly graphic, uncensored, sex acts. The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether collecting such materials may violate anti-obscenity laws of the United States and expose the collection developer and the library to criminal liabilities. It also suggests that these concerns can lead librarians to self-censorship in their collection development duties.
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Dalton, Michelle. "There is a Lack of Standardization in the Collection Development and Circulation Policies of Prison Library Services." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8r611.
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Objective – To explore how collection development policies currently support the role and purpose of prison libraries, and to explore if the accessibility of circulation records impacts on patron privacy.
Design – Online survey questionnaire and a case study analysis of the existing policy statements of selected correctional institutions.
Setting – The prison library sector in the United States.
Subjects – 17 librarians and library staff across ten states in the United States.
Methods – An eight-question online questionnaire was used to explore the existing collection development and circulation policies in prison libraries, and the level of adherence to the guidelines of the Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies (ASCLA) and the American Correctional Association (ACA). In addition, participants were encouraged to forward any circulation or collection development policy statements for more detailed analysis. Each policy was then reviewed to assess the degree of alignment or otherwise with the American Library Association’s (ALA) Prisoners’ Right to Read guidelines (2010).
Main Results – The results of the survey found that 24% of libraries had no formal collection development policy, and at least 53% of libraries had no circulation policy statement. In these instances, the libraries were typically subject to the local policies and procedures of the correctional institution. The purpose of the library and its collection was primarily viewed as: providing recreational reading material; maintaining contact with the outside world and enabling re-entry into the community; and supporting vocational skills and lifelong learning. In selecting materials, the results indicated that a broadly similar approach to that of public libraries was adopted by most institutions, with the exception of any material that may pose a safety or security threat to the institution. In one institution the use of library services or resources for legal purposes or to provide legal assistance was also clearly prohibited in the collection development policy, although approximately half of the libraries did state that providing legal material was one of their roles. The lengthy and arduous approval process for ordering books and other materials (up to ten months in one instance) was reported by several participants due to the layers of bureaucracy and controls inherent in the prison setting. With regard to circulation records and confidentiality issues, 35% of libraries deleted such records instantly upon return of the items, compared with 30% that archived them. A further 29% only retained information from the current and most recent patrons for the purposes of assessing and charging for damaged items.
Conclusion – The author found the prison library sector to be a relatively challenging environment. In this context, following the existing guidelines and best practice as recommended by the ALA and others, and establishing clear and ethical policy statements can help libraries to support the needs and rights of patrons more effectively.
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Costello, Laura. "Survey Confirms Strong Support for Intellectual Freedom in Public Collection Development Librarians." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29577.
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A Review of:
Oltmann, S. M. (2019). Important Factors in Midwestern Public Librarians’ Views on Intellectual Freedom and Collection Development: Part 1. The Library Quarterly, 89(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1086/700659
Abstract
Objective – The article sought to explore whether librarian attitudes regarding intellectual freedom conform to the stance of the American Library Association (ALA).
Design – Electronic survey.
Setting – Public libraries in the Midwestern United States.
Subjects – Subjects were 645 collection development library professionals employed in public libraries.
Methods – An electronic survey was distributed to public library directors in nine Midwestern states and was completed by the library professional primarily responsible for collection development. The survey focused on community information and probed the participants for their stances on several intellectual freedom topics.
Main Results – The survey was sent to 3,018 participants via each state’s librarian and had a response rate of 21.37%. The first section of the survey focused on broad strokes statements representing the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom for public libraries. The results revealed widespread agreement on these issues. More than 88% of participants agreed with statements like “public libraries should provide their clients with access to information from a variety of sources.” Despite strong agreement among participants, particular demographic characteristics were more likely to lead to disagreement with all statements including working in rural communities and not holding a master’s degree in library science.
The next section of the survey focused on how strongly participants’ personal beliefs conformed to the intellectual freedom statements in the ALA’s Library Code of Ethics. Again, there was widespread agreement, with 94.9% of participants indicating that they agreed with the statement “we uphold the principles of intellectual freedom and resist all efforts to censor library materials.” Only one participant disagreed with the statement “it is the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction.” When asked whether the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom ever conflicted with their personal beliefs, 39.8% of participants indicated that it did, 22% were unsure, and 40% had never experienced conflict. Participants holding a master's degree in library science and librarians in large cities were less likely to experience conflict between their personal beliefs and the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom. In the free text comments, several participants indicated that they experienced conflict when the ALA’s stance did not reflect their personal beliefs or community values.
Conclusion – While the overwhelming majority of respondents indicated that they agreed with the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom, a minority of participants experienced some conflict. Respondents indicated that personal belief could create conflict when librarians committed to intellectual freedom were required to make choices in their professional work that conflicted with their own views. Conflict could also arise when collection choices made to support intellectual freedom were not supported by patrons in the community.
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Costello, Laura. "Survey Applies Public Collection Development Librarians' Support for Intellectual Freedom to Collection Process." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29686.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Oltmann, S. M. (2019). Important factors in Midwestern public librarians’ views on intellectual freedom and collection development: Part 2. The Library Quarterly, 89(2), 156-172. https://doi.org/10.1086/702203
Abstract
Objective – To explore how librarian attitudes regarding intellectual freedom and demographic factors influence collection development decisions.
Design – Online survey.
Setting – Public libraries in the Midwestern United States.
Subjects – 645 collection development library professionals employed in public libraries.
Methods – An electronic survey was distributed to 3,018 public library directors in nine Midwestern states and completed by the library professional primarily responsible for collection development (Oltmann, 2019, p. 6). The survey had a 21.37% response rate. The survey focused on intellectual freedom in the management of collections and probed the participants for their experiences and influences in making collection development decisions. The survey also asked participants to make hypothetical purchasing and holdings decisions for library materials based on a short description of the material.
Main Results – Participants indicated that they used a variety of different tools for the selection of materials including patron requests. Of the participants, 45.7% indicated that their library had a policy, practice, or metric to assess the balance of their collections, while 54.3% indicated that their libraries did not have policy or method in place for ensuring that their collection was balanced. Of the respondents, 73.4% felt that local community values should be considered in collection development decision, but 62.3% said that this should not be the most important factor in decisions. Overall, the political leaning of the community did not have an impact on participants’ alignment with the ALA's stances on intellectual freedom. Most respondents (73.4%) felt that government library funding bodies should have an influence over collection development decisions. Some respondents indicated they felt internal pressure from other library staff or the library board to purchase particular materials (28.1%) or relocate materials (14.1%). Respondents also indicated that they felt external pressure from their communities to purchase (32%) or restrict or withdraw (19.1%) materials. In the hypothetical purchasing scenario, most librarians indicated that they would purchase the majority of items. Some participants (39.8%) felt tension between their personal and professional views on intellectual freedom.
Conclusion – The first part of this article found that holding an MLS degree had a significant impact on participants' stance on intellectual freedom and alignment with the American Library Association (ALA) principles. This part indicated that they also felt greater pressure to withdraw, acquire, and manage particular materials in their collections and felt more tension between their personal and professional stances on intellectual freedom. Age, gender, duration of work, and community political affiliations significantly impacted only some of the participants' responses. Overall, there was general support for intellectual freedom and alignment with the ALA principles; however, 40% of respondents indicated tension between their personal and professional beliefs about intellectual freedom.
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Shu, Yue, and Reiko Yoshimura. "The Chinese Collection of the Freer Gallery of Art | Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Library." Art Libraries Journal 39, no. 2 (2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200018290.
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The library of the Freer Gallery of Art | Arthur M. Sackler Gallery is considered one of the finest East Asian art research collections in the United States. The development and progress of the library’s Chinese Collection has mirrored the historical changes in the field of Chinese art studies in the last one hundred years. Today, the library collection has more than 90,000 volumes, including 17,437 Chinese language monographs and 836 serials in over 25,000 volumes. In a landscape of changing scholarship, technology and user demands, the library is balancing the use of printed materials and digital resources and collaborating with other libraries to continue to meet the needs of curators, researchers and visitors.
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Carpenter, Kenneth E. "Government Publications and the Development of Libraries." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 15, no. 1 (April 2003): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900301500106.
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This paper examines the history of statistical publishing by governments, looks at other kinds of government publishing, and provides brief case studies of the collecting of government documents by libraries in Europe and the United States. These are revealing of attitudes toward government documents and in some cases show a relationship between government-document collecting and the goals of the library. The author argues that collecting and disseminating statistical information was a conscious decision made by governments on the grounds that information would lead to public support. It is arguable that the budget increases for national libraries in Britain and France, which occurred as well in the 1830s, derived from the value those governments placed on disseminating information. A connection in one era between library support and what is considered to be knowledge and the value placed on it suggests a way of looking at libraries in other periods. Indeed, for all libraries, policies and practices in collecting government documents may be indicative of a library's goals.
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Page, Laverne. "New Directions in Reference and Collections Development in Africana Collections in the United States." African Research & Documentation 90 (2002): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00016824.
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Africana resources and collections: three decades of development and achievement, edited by Julian W. Witherell, and published by Scarecrow Press in 1989, is a festschrift honouring Hans Panofsky, a pioneer in Africana librarianship. It was, and continues to be, a fitting tribute to a man who was a leading figure in the promotion of co-ordinated co-operative programmes for acquisitions and bibliographic control of Africana from 1959 to 1989. This one volume with contributing articles by Hans’ Africana colleagues contains a wealth of historical information about librarianship, cataloguing, and the acquisitions of Africana for that time period. An update of this volume is now due.Within the last two decades, there have been many significant developments in American libraries. This short presentation will not attempt to bridge that distance. Instead, it will offer a brief accounting of fairly recent Africana activity in selected American libraries.
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Nash, Jacob L. "Richard Trueswell's Contribution to Collection Evaluation and Management: A Review." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8pg8t.
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A Review of:
Trueswell, R. L. (1969). Some behavioral patterns of library users: The 80/20 rule. Wilson Library Bulletin, 43(5), 458-461.
Abstract
Objective – To demonstrate the relationship between library circulation and the percent of a library's holdings satisfying circulation.
Design – Retrospective cohort study of library circulation data.
Setting – Cambridge and Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Subjects – The users of the monographic holdings of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Library and the Forbes Public Library.
Methods – Trueswell compiled circulation data from the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Library over a period of 5 years, ostensibly from 1964-1969. Additionally, he gathered circulation data from Forbes Public Library. Trueswell compared each respective collection of data against the entire holdings of each library, after which he converted each measure to a percentage of the whole.
Main Result – Based on the collected data, Trueswell found that the percentages of both libraries’ holdings that satisfy circulation follow a power law distribution. He compared this with a previous study measuring journal circulation at a Health Sciences Library that exhibited the same pattern. He stated that these similar distributions demonstrated the "80/20 Rule." The distribution is such that any given percent of circulation will provide the percent of a library’s circulating holdings necessary to satisfy it. Additionally, Trueswell found that 75 percent of current circulation had circulated at least once within the preceding year.
Conclusion – The findings have implications for core collection development, purchasing multiple copies of a given title, determining the optimal size of a library's collection, and weeding. Trueswell also submits the idea of developing regional interlibrary loan centers for books that do not circulate often, as a cost saving measure for most libraries.
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Savitskaya, Tatiana E. "Partnership of Digital Libraries Hathi Trust Digital Library: the New Mode of Cooperation." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 67, no. 1 (April 22, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2018-67-1-83-90.
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There is analysed the activities of digital libraries partnership Hathi Trust Digital Library (HTDL), arose in October 2008 in the United States as a collaborative repository of digital collections of library systems of 13 universities in the U.S. Middle West and digital collections of 11 universities in California (now numbering 124 libraries). In the United States — the leader of IT-technologies — has been accumulated the vast experience in the field of organization of electronic resources, carried out a large-scale reorganization of library industry, the results of which are not sufficiently covered in the domestic library science. For the first time, the Russian library community is invited to learn the specific experience of the formation and operation of the partnership of digital libraries HTDL, based on the principle of institutional cooperation and coordination of management solutions in the conservation and maintenance of electronic collections.The main tasks of the distributed data warehouse belonging to the partnership group of large research libraries are: providing access to the digital collection first of all for collective users, libraries — co-founders; preservation of intellectual heritage through reliable and accessible electronic representation, improvement of open technological infrastructure. The HTML concept is based on the conscious preservation of the specificity of research libraries, when the user is offered a body of special catalogued literature, and the ranking of search results is not influenced by the commercial interests. It is noted that HTDL is built on the basis of an extensive network of interlibrary entities in the United States with extensive cooperation in the field of administration, cataloguing, and storage of printed materials.There are considered the priority achievements of Hathi Trust Digital Library: development of the new models of interlibrary cooperation, efficient distributed management structure, transparent scheme of payment calculation of infrastructure maintenance. The dynamics of the development of this resource from the moment of formation to the present time is analysed.
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Dewi, Shinta. "EVALUASI PENGEMBANGAN KOLEKSI PADA PERPUSTAKAAN UMUM DI AUSTRALIA." Jurnal Pustaka Budaya 11, no. 2 (July 7, 2024): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/pb.v11i2.18585.
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ABSTRAK Artikel ini melakukan perbandingan antara dua artikel jurnal yang relevan dalam konteks pengembangan koleksi di perpustakaan umum Australia dan perpustakaan umum di Amerika Serikat. Tujuan dari perbandingan artikel jurnal ini untuk mengetahui tantangan dan peluang perpustakaan umum dalam merumuskan dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan pengembangan koleksi yang efektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan tinjauan literatur yang mencakup artikel jurnal dan sumber bacaan lainnya yang relevan dengan topik tantangan dan peluang pengembangan koleksi perpustakaan umum. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perpustakaan umum di Australia menunjukkan adanya tantangan dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan pengembangan koleksi, seperti sumber daya manusia yang terbatas, perubahan kebutuhan pengguna, evaluasi koleksi yang sudah ada dan evolusi teknologi informasi. Sementara tantangan pada kebijakan pengembangan koleksi perpustakaan umum di Amerika melibatkan identifikasi kebutuhan pengguna, alokasi sumber daya yang terbatas, perubahan teknologi informasi, penggunaan data dan analitik, serta kolaborasi antara departemen pengembangan koleksi dan sistem informasi. Dengan memanfaatkan sistem informasi secara efektif, perpustakaan dapat mengatasi tantangan dan memanfaatkan peluang untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan relevansi koleksi. ABSTRACT This article compares two relevant journal articles in the context of collection development in Australian public libraries and public libraries in the United States. The purpose of this comparison is to determine the challenges and opportunities for public libraries in formulating and implementing effective collection development policies. The method used is to conduct a literature review that includes journal articles and other reading sources relevant to the topic of challenges and opportunities for public library collection development. The results obtained from public libraries in Australia show that there are challenges in implementing collection development policies, such as limited human resources, changing user needs, evaluation of existing collections and the evolution of information technology. While the challenges to collection development policies in American public libraries involve identifying user needs, allocating limited resources, changes in information technology, using data and analytics, and collaboration between collection development departments and information systems. By effectively utilizing information systems, libraries can overcome challenges and capitalize on opportunities to improve collection quality and relevance.
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Clark, Sarah. "Book Review: Successful Campus Outreach for Academic Libraries: Building Community through Collaboration." Reference & User Services Quarterly 59, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.59.1.7232.
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Outreach is an increasingly important responsibility for academic libraries, fulfilling the library’s own mission and supporting the wider institution’s goals around retention and student success. Unfortunately, it can be challenging to connect outreach initiatives to desired outcomes. Into this knowledge gap step Peggy Keeran and Carrie Forbes, who have edited a collection of outreach initiatives and strategies organized around four key elements of a successful outreach program: strategic vision and planning, program development and implementation, community outreach, and expanding outreach audiences. Individual chapter authors come from large and small universities in both public and private contexts, and present library outreach initiatives from the United States, Canada, and Indonesia.
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Nurdiansyah, Nurdiansyah. "KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN KOLEKSI PRISON LIBRARIES." AL Maktabah 7, no. 2 (December 7, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mkt.v7i2.7981.
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Abstrak:Perpustakaan saat ini menjadi fokus utama dalam hal sarana ataupun sebagai tempat yang mampu menyediakan informasi bagi para pengguna dalam memenuhi segala macam kebutuhan informasi yang dibutuhkan, untuk itu perlu adanya kebijakan tentang pengembangan perpustakaan.PRISON LIBRARIES, merupakan perpustakaan penjara yang berada di seluruh wilayah negara bagian Amerika Serikat (USA), yang dihadirkan sebagai bentuk dukungan pemerintah agar narapidana menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik.. Artikel kali ini akan dipaparkan dengan menggunakan metode jenis/pendekatan penelitian yang berupa Studi Kepustakaan (Library Research). PRISON LIBRARIES mengikuti pedoman ALA (American Libraries Association) dalam memberikan layanan perpustakaan umum yang setara kepada para pengunjung di Lapas. Adapun aspek pengembangan koleksi meliputi Analisis Masyarakat, Kebijakan Pengembangan Koleksi, Alat Bantu Seleksi, Pengadaan Bahan Pustaka, Evaluasi Koleksi, Stock Opname, Pelestarian Bahan Pustaka, Penyiangan/wedding.Kata kunci: Pengembangan Koleksi, ALA, Aturan. Abstract:Libraries are currently the main focus in terms of facilities or as a place that is able to provide information for users in meeting all kinds of information needs needed, for that there needs to be a policy on library development. PRISON LIBRARIES, is a prison library located throughout the state. United States of America (USA), which is presented as a form of government support so that prisoners become better individuals. This article will be presented using a research type/approach method in the form of Library Research. PRISON LIBRARIES follows ALA guidelines in providing equal public library services to visitors to prisons. The aspects of collection development include Community Analysis, Collection Development Policy, Selection Aids, Procurement of Library Materials, Collection Evaluation, Stock Taking, Library Material Preservation, weddingKeywords: Collection Development, ALA, Policies.
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Moore, Charles. "Renewable Energy Adoption and Its Effect on Rural Development in United States." Journal of Developing Country Studies 8, no. 2 (June 18, 2024): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jdcs.2674.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the renewable energy adoption and its effect on rural development in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Renewable energy adoption in rural areas of the United States has shown promising effects on rural development. Studies indicate that the deployment of renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar farms, has led to job creation, increased local tax revenues, and economic diversification in rural communities. Additionally, renewable energy projects have provided opportunities for landowners to earn additional income through leasing their land for energy production Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Diffusion of innovations theory, social-ecological systems theory & technology acceptance model (TAM) may be used to anchor future studies on renewable energy adoption and its effect on rural development. Strengthening practical interventions to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy technologies in rural communities is essential. Developing supportive policy frameworks is critical to unlocking the full potential of renewable energy for rural development.
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Jackson, Joshua. "Negotiation Strategies in International Diplomatic Conflicts in United States." Journal of Conflict Management 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jcm.2625.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze negotiation strategies in international diplomatic conflicts in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Findings on negotiation strategies in U.S. diplomatic conflicts highlight the use of coercive diplomacy, economic sanctions, and multilateral negotiations. These strategies involve bilateral talks, international organizations, and third-party mediation. Leverage, including military power and economic incentives, is employed to advance U.S. interests. Challenges arise from divergent interests and power dynamics. Success requires a balanced approach of assertiveness and flexibility. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Game theory, constructivism & distributive and integrative bargaining may be used to anchor future studies on the negotiation strategies in international diplomatic conflicts in United States. Provide negotiators with training and resources to enhance their cross-cultural competence, including understanding cultural values, communication styles, and negotiation norms. Invest in the development of mediation and third-party intervention mechanisms to facilitate diplomatic negotiations in international conflicts.
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Robinson, Harper. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Emotional Regulation Strategies in United States." International Journal of Psychology 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijp.2622.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the cross-cultural differences in emotional regulation strategies in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Cross-cultural differences in emotional regulation strategies in the United States show variations across cultural groups, with collectivist cultures leaning towards socially-oriented strategies like seeking social support. Cultural norms influence these strategies, emphasizing interpersonal harmony. Individual differences, including acculturation, also play a role. Understanding these dynamics sheds light on how cultural context shapes emotional regulation in diverse U.S. populations. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural models of emotion, cultural syndromes theory & acculturation theory may be used to anchor future studies on the cross-cultural differences in emotional regulation strategies in United States. Mental health practitioners and educators should incorporate cultural sensitivity training into their programs to better support individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds in managing their emotions. Governments and organizations should prioritize the development of culturally sensitive mental health policies and programs that recognize and address the diverse emotional regulation needs of multicultural societies.
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Jackon, Galma. "Cryptocurrency Adoption in Traditional Financial Markets in the United States." American Journal of Finance 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.1810.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the cryptocurrency adoption in traditional financial markets in the United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Cryptocurrency adoption in traditional financial markets in the United States has been marked by a gradual but significant increase in interest and integration. Studies indicate that while the adoption rates vary across different sectors, there's a growing acceptance and utilization of cryptocurrencies among institutional investors, particularly in the form of investment products like Bitcoin futures and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Regulatory clarity and institutional infrastructure developments have played crucial roles in fostering this adoption. Additionally, the involvement of prominent financial institutions and corporations, such as banks offering cryptocurrency custody services and major companies integrating Bitcoin into their balance sheets, highlights a broader acceptance of cryptocurrencies within traditional finance. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Technology acceptance model (tam), diffusion of innovations theory and institutional theory may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the cryptocurrency adoption in traditional financial markets in the United States. Develop educational initiatives aimed at enhancing financial literacy and cryptocurrency awareness among investors, financial professionals, and policymakers. Advocate for clear and coherent regulatory frameworks that provide legal certainty and consumer protection while fostering innovation and market development.
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Hoelscher, Coleen, and Jillian Ewalt. "Separating the wheat from the chaff: Intensive deselection to enable preservation and access." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2017-5-63-70.
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In 2014, the Marian Library at the University of Dayton completed a long overdue revision of its collection development policy. The new document more clearly defined the scope of the library’s collections, and was intended to guide new acquisition decisions. However, this new document had the unexpected benefit of providing a framework for deselection projects that enabled preservation and improved access to the collections. This paper will discuss and analyze two of these projects, and demonstrate how the revised collection development policy laid the foundation for successful deselection outcomes. In the first case study, legacy collections of genre-based ephemera were heavily weeded to remove photocopies, internet printouts, duplicates, and other out-of-scope materials. Both the challenges and benefits of weeding legacy reference files will be discussed. The second case study will examine a comprehensive review of the library’s inactive periodical holdings, consisting of over five hundred titles that were largely uncatalogued. Removing titles outside of the library’s collection scope transformed the collection into a manageable project for the cataloging staff to tackle. This formerly hidden collection, including rare periodicals not found elsewhere in the United States, is now in the process of being cataloged. Both projects transformed local practices and improved utilization of the library’s limited resources in staffing, time, space, and funding. Faced with legacy practices that compromised physical and intellectual control of materials, librarians leveraged a well-defined collection development policy to undertake two successful deselection projects. The policy was used to justify and guide deselection, ultimately improving both preservation and access.
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Anderson, Isaac. "Labor Market Flexibility and Unemployment: A Study of the United States." International Journal of Economics 9, no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2446.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the labor market flexibility and unemployment: a study of the United States
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study on Labor Market Flexibility and Unemployment in the United States found that while flexibility can foster job creation, it also exacerbates structural unemployment. Certain groups, like minorities and low-skilled workers, are disproportionately affected. Additionally, technological advancements and globalization reshape the labor market. Labor market institutions play a crucial role in mediating flexibility's impact. Overall, nuanced policy interventions are needed to address unemployment challenges.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Structural unemployment theory, dual labor market theory & institutional theory of labor markets may be used to anchor future studies on the labor market flexibility and unemployment: a study of the United States. Practical recommendations could include fostering a supportive environment for entrepreneurship and innovation, enhancing access to lifelong learning and skill development opportunities, and implementing targeted measures to support vulnerable groups in the labor market. From a policy perspective, the study should advocate for evidence-based policymaking that prioritizes the promotion of inclusive growth and social cohesion.
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Clinch, Peter. "FLAG Project: Survey Results." Legal Information Management 1, no. 2 (2001): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147266960000044x.
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The Foreign Law Guide (FLAG) Project, which aims to build a Web inventory to the holdings of foreign legal materials in university and college libraries throughout the United Kingdom, is one of about 12 collection management projects, funded by the Research Support Libraries Programme (RSLP). It is believed to be the only project which included within its research proposal the requirement to carry out a survey of user needs to assist in the design of the end-product of the project: the Web inventory.The purpose of the survey, as stated in the bid document, would be to:establish the present and future requirements for foreign, comparative and international legal materialsdiscover what information researchers need on foreign law, how they obtain it and what they expect libraries to provideprovide essential information for decision-making on collection development and influence the production of the law Web map.The Project Management Committee considered it important to attempt to obtain the views of as wide a range of users of foreign legal materials as possible. Attempts were made to include (a) non-lawyers working in related disciplines, (b) research support staff and PhD. students as well as academics, and (c) law librarians and information officers.
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Stempler, Amy. "Isaac Edward Kiev: Early Leader in American Judaica Librarianship." Judaica Librarianship 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2011): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1009.
Full textAbstract:
Isaac Edward Kiev (1905–1975), former Chief Librarian of New York’s Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, spent a lifetime facilitating Jewish research. This article, based on the author’s Master’s thesis on Kiev, focuses on his contributions to the founding of Jewish book and library organizations during the American post-war era, including the Association of Jewish Libraries, Jewish Book Council of America, Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc., and numerous Jewish book foundations in the United States and Israel. In addition to providing insight into the creation of these associations, the article illustrates the parallel development of the fields of Judaica librarianship and Jewish Studies in academia. Kiev’s legacy continues into the twenty-first century through his lasting influence on his profession as well as the I. Edward Kiev Judaica Collection at the George Washington University.
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Arseienko, Anatolii. "American public libraries in the mill stones of neo-liberalism and neo-fascism." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 5 (May 25, 2023): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2023.5(322).23-28.
Full textAbstract:
The author explores the history of the formation and development of public libraries (PL) in the United States and the role of this social institution in the educational and cultural life of american society. Particular attention is paid to contemporary attacks by the metamorphosis of neo-liberalism and neo-fascism on the social organization of libraries through their disinvestment and censorship. The aim of this offensive is to privatize PL and increase capital's control over their functioning and the formation of their book collections.
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Bosman, Ellen. "A Study of Church Libraries in Australia." Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 17, no. 1 (October 4, 2007): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jasr.v17i1.4034.
Full textAbstract:
Australia and the United States share many similarities, including British heritage, language, constitutional protection against state sponsored religion, and a predominantly Christian population. This paper explores one outgrowth of our shared British heritage and religion, church libraries. The development of these unique libraries in each country is explored through a combination of approaches, including quantitative information and interviews. What are some of the characteristics of an Australian church library, and how are they similar or different from those in the U.S? Library characteristics, such as collections, organisation, and services provided are compared and contrasted to yield a picture of the current state of Australian church libraries
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Savitskaya, Tatiana E. "Million Book Project — Vivid Example of International Cooperation." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-1-67-76.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyses the conceptual idea, stages of formation, organizational and technological features of the Million Book Project. This is the original version of the multilingual full-text electronic library, the first stage of the more extensive program of Universal Digital Library. The aim of the project was to digitize one million books by 2007 and to provide free access to them. The project is interesting, firstly, as an early productive experience in creating a compact electronic library to optimize the educational process, and secondly, as an example of broad effective international cooperation in organization of information resources. The collection was based on “Books for College Libraries”, which is a special collection of educational scientific literature (50,000 titles), electronic copies of which were provided by the non-profit, membership, computer library service OCLC (Online Computer Library Center). The author considers the Project as an original model of international division of labour in the development of library information resources, when the scanning centres in India and China took over most of the work on digitization of books, including from the United States, and the Carnegie Mellon University, in cooperation with other American Universities, provided them with the necessary equipment and staff training. The Million Book Project is based on the original full participation, along with the library of Carnegie Mellon University and libraries of other American universities, of digital collections of India, China and Egypt. One of the strengths of the project is cooperation with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aimed at combating hunger, as well as with the National Agricultural Library of the United States in digitizing specialized literature on the modernization of agricultural, forestry and fish farming practices. The article also notes the significance of the project in the field of organizational and technological solutions related to the formation of the electronic library: it served as a test base for applied research in the field of improving scanning techniques, optical character recognition and automatic translation. The important advantage of the Million Book Project is the ultimate decentralization of powers in the field of acquisition of the collection, resulted in including into the project orbit of the unique monuments of history and culture of the East. The digitization and inclusion in the electronic library of the cultural treasures for the first time makes them potentially available to the global audience.
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Costello, Laura. "Assessment of Undergraduate-Driven Acquisitions at a Small College Library Shows Both Costs and Benefits." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, no. 1 (March 6, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b87p5q.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Waller, J. H. (2013). Undergrads as selectors: Assessing patron-driven acquisition at a liberal arts college. Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 23(3), 127-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1072303X.2013.851052
Abstract
Objective – To examine the viability of an undergraduate-focused, patron-driven acquisitions strategy in a small college library and to evaluate the titles acquired through this program for collection appropriateness, patron satisfaction, and cost effectiveness.
Design – Case study.
Setting – A small, Catholic college in the Eastern United States with 1,850 undergraduate students.
Subjects – Acquisitions of 432 print monographs selected by students and 18,624 print monographs selected by librarians and faculty members.
Methods – The author compared purchases selected from a pool of undergraduate interlibrary loan requests acquired from 2004 to 2013 to purchases acquired during the same time period through traditional means, including collection development work by librarians and selections by academic departments. The author evaluated titles for use based on circulation figures, for suitability using overlap analysis with the collections of four peer libraries, for patron satisfaction based on turnaround time, and for cost compared to items obtained through interlibrary loan.
Main Results – Student selection had some advantages, including moderately increased circulation. Traditionally acquired titles were less likely to circulate initially and only 20.46% of these titles circulated two or more times compared to 24.77% of student-selected titles. Student selections were less likely to be acquired by peer libraries, and 63.66% of student-selected titles were unique, though they had a similar subject distribution to traditionally acquired titles. Compared to interlibrary loan, student-selected purchases had similar turnaround times and in the most recent three-year period had an average turnaround time that was one day faster than interlibrary loan. However, student acquisitions were far costlier than interlibrary loan. Items acquired through this program cost the library $39.70 on average while borrowing cost $6.18 on average.
Conclusion – The student selection process was found to be moderately successful, and the library will continue the program. Based on the analysis of peer library holdings, the author suggests more librarian intervention in the selection process. Instead of purchasing any requests that meet the criteria for student selection, the author recommends an intermediary selection step of evaluation by librarians. Student selection did not show the dramatic advantages represented in studies conducted in larger academic libraries, and this disparity could potentially be due to a difference in selection quality between the undergraduate students at this college and the graduate and research populations of larger institutions.
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Anderson, Gillian B. "Putting the Experience of the World at the Nation's Command: Music at the Library of Congress, 1800-1917." Journal of the American Musicological Society 42, no. 1 (1989): 108–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831419.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1800 and 1917 the music section at the Library of Congress grew from a few items in The Gentleman's Magazine to almost a million items. The history of this development provides a unique view of the infant discipline of musicology and the central role that libraries played in its growth in the United States. Between 1800 and 1870 only 500 items were acquired by the music section at the Library of Congress. In 1870 approximately 36,000 copyright deposits (which had been accumulating at several copyright depositories since 1789) enlarged the music section by more than seventy fold. After 1870 the copyright process brought an avalanche of music items into the Library of Congress. In 1901 Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress, hired American-born, German-educated Oscar Sonneck to be the second Chief of the Music Division. Together Putnam and Sonneck produced an ambitious acquisitions program, a far-sighted classification, cataloging, and shelving scheme, and an extensive series of publications. They were part of Putnam's strategy to transform the Library of Congress from a legislative into a national library. Sonneck wanted to make American students of music independent of European libraries and to establish the discipline of musicology in the United States. Through easy access to comprehensive and diverse collections Putnam and Sonneck succeeded in making the Library of Congress and its music section a symbol of the free society that it served.
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Sullo, Elaine. "Academic Library Administrators Perceive Value in Their Librarians’ Research." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8ks4g.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Perkins, G.H. & Slowik, A.J.W. (2013). The value of research in academic libraries. College & Research Libraries, 74(2), 143-158. Retrieved from http://crl.acrl.org/content/74/2/143.full.pdf+html
Abstract
Objective – To explore academic library administrators’ perceived value of their librarians’ research, specifically the importance to the profession and the library community.
Design – Qualitative, exploratory study using a survey questionnaire.
Setting – Academic libraries in the United States of America.
Subjects – 23 library administrators.
Methods – During the summer of 2010, one of the authors conducted 20-30 minute telephone interviews with 23 academic library administrators. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for coding. Interview questions 1-3 and 8-19 were content-analyzed; the authors described common themes for each of these questions. Items 4-7 had Likert scale response formats, and a mean and standard deviation were computed for each of these items.
Main Results – The benefits of librarians’ research included fulfilling tenure-track requirements, enriching relationships with teaching faculty, library faculty recognition, improved services and programs, collaboration with others, research result application to daily issues, development as librarians, and improved knowledge of the research field.
The perceived current changes and future issues for university libraries included increased digitization of collections, scholarly communication, and expanded instructional engagement of faculty and students, as well as future economic downturn and budget cuts. Administrators noted several methods that influenced their thinking: professional meetings, reading professional journals, informal discussions with colleagues, and social media such as Facebook and Twitter.
Academic library administrators used a variety of methods to support their librarians’ research. These included tenure-track requirements, research incentives, travel funds, grants, sabbaticals, release time, and shared communication about research. Additionally, there was a substantial perceived interrelationship between how librarians’ research benefited the librarian, the library, the university, and the profession. Recognition and new programs and services were thought to benefit all four areas, and monetary rewards were considered benefits for the first three areas.
Conclusion – Based on the sample of 23 academic library administrators, the authors conclude that librarians’ research is perceived as valuable to both the academic and library communities.
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Miller, Robin Elizabeth. "Academic Libraries Should Consider Deselection of Some Electronic Books." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2015): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8n312.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Waugh, M., Donlin, M., & Braunstein, S. (2015). Next-generation collection management: A case study of quality control and weeding e-books in an academic library. Collection Management, 40(1), 17-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01462679.2014.965864
Abstract
Objective – To describe and advocate for the development of a procedure to discard electronic books from an academic library collection.
Design – Case study.
Setting – Academic library in the United States of America.
Subjects – 514 electronic books purchased from NetLibrary, a subset of 52,000 NetLibrary titles collected by the investigating library 2001-2007.
Methods – The researchers examined a set of 514 electronic books in the health sciences and medical field, specifically for qualities such as currency and content relevance. An anecdotal case with limited validity, the goal was to articulate why a particular set of electronic books failed to meet the investigating library’s collection standards, and to remove these e-books.
Main Results – A set of 514 e-books published by ICON Health Publications were found to be mass-produced, and displayed other notable problems, including age over seven years, outdated or irrelevant content, quality issues, and inclusion in an older platform no longer favored for e-books. The ICON Health e-books were removed from the library collection and, with some difficulty, the items were also removed from the vendor platform. The authors recommended an e-book weeding procedure that considers six potential problems: publication date; inclusion of defunct Internet links; mass production; low quality works by the same authors or publishers; e-book packages that appear to feature multiple low quality works; and e-books from early packages, which may have integration problems.
Conclusion – Electronic books may take up little physical space but libraries should not ignore them when making deselection decisions because their content may be inappropriate for a library or for the disciplines the library serves. The ICON Health Publications e-book package is an egregious example of low-quality e-book content that the authors discovered and subsequently removed from their collection, offering a set of recommendations based on the experience.
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Prameswari, Clarissa, Tamara Adriani, Frans Asisi Datang, and Muhamad Prabu Wibowo. "Analisis Bibliometrik Perkembangan Penelitian Preservasi Naskah Kuno di Perpustakaan." Jurnal Pustaka Ilmiah 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jpi.v10i1.85220.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Preserving manuscripts is crucial to maintaining a nation's cultural heritage and historical knowledge. Manuscript collections have a high risk of damage, and preservation is the primary responsibility of various parties, including libraries. Although several studies have been carried out regarding preserving manuscripts in Indonesia, research has yet to examine this trend globally. Therefore, this study uses bibliometric analysis to explore the development of research trends regarding the preservation of manuscripts in libraries. The research was carried out on November 14, 2023, by searching the Scopus database using the keywords preservation, manuscript, and library. Data were analyzed using the VOSViewer application to determine a bibliometric map of research developments regarding the preservation of manuscripts in libraries. The research results show that (1) there are 134 publications on manuscript preservation in libraries tend to increase, (2) overview of research trends in the preservation of manuscripts in libraries divided into clusters of manuscripts, historic preservation, and digitization, (3) The United States is the most productive country in international publications, (4) the University of Indonesia is the most contributive institution in international publications, and (5) topics such as historical documents, digital storage, deterioration can be researched in the future. This research will provide insight into research topics that can be explored further.</em>
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Irvine, Betty Jo. "Dual Master’s degree in art librarianship, Indiana University, USA." Art Libraries Journal 19, no. 2 (1994): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008749.
Full textAbstract:
In 1985 the dual master’s degree program in art librarianship was developed at Indiana University by the head of the Fine Arts Library, working with faculty members in the School of Fine Arts/Art History and the School of Library and Information Science. This program is designed to prepare students in the United States for professional library and information specialist positions in fine arts libraries and information centers. The student is offered a coordinated approach to achieving two masters degrees — one in art history and the other in library and information science — and must be admitted to both schools. For this program the course ‘Seminar in Art Librarianship’ was devised, covering topics such as administration, collection development, reference services, and visual resources management. Further requirements include a research bibliography course in art history and fieldwork experience in the Fine Arts and Slide libraries. This program seeks to meet the need for a marketable combination of subject–specific and library/information science education for art library and visual resources professionals.
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Richardson, Brittany. "A Survey of Music Faculty in the United States Reveals Mixed Perspectives on YouTube and Library Resources." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29835.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of: Dougan, K. (2016). Music, YouTube, and academic libraries. Notes, 72(3), 491-508. https://doi.org/10.1353/not.2016.0009 Abstract Objective – To evaluate how music faculty members perceive and use video sharing sites like YouTube in teaching and research. Design – Survey Questionnaire. Setting – 197 music departments, colleges, schools, and conservatories in the United States. Subjects – 9,744 music faculty members. Methods – Schools were primarily selected based on National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) membership and the employment of a music librarian with a Music Library Association (MLA) membership. Out of faculty members contacted, 2,156 (22.5%) responded to the email survey. Participants were asked their rank and subspecialties. Closed-ended questions, ranked on scales of 1 to 5, evaluated perceptions of video sharing website use in classroom instruction and as assigned listening; permissibility as a cited source; quality, copyright, and metadata; use when items are commercially unavailable; use over library collections; comparative ease of use; and convenience. An open-ended question asked for additional thoughts or concerns on video sharing sites and music scholarship. The author partnered with the University of Illinois’ Applied Technology for Learning in the Arts and Sciences (ATLAS) survey office on the construction, distribution, and analysis of the survey data through SPSS. The open-ended question was coded for themes. Main Results – Key findings from closed-ended questions indicated faculty: used YouTube in the classroom (2.30 mean) more often than as assigned listening (2.08 mean); sometimes allowed YouTube as a cited source (2.35 mean); were concerned with the quality of YouTube recordings (3.58 mean) and accuracy of metadata (3.29 mean); and were more likely to use YouTube than library resources (2.62 mean), finding it easier to use (2.38 mean) and more convenient (1.83 mean). The author conducted further analysis of results for the nine most reported subdisciplines. Ethnomusicology and jazz faculty indicated a greater likelihood of using YouTube, while musicology and theory/composition faculty were more likely to use library resources than others. There was little significant difference among faculty responses based on performance subspecialities (e.g. voice, strings, etc.). Overall, open-ended faculty comments on streaming video sites were negative (19.3%), positive (19.3%), or a mixture of both (34.1%). Themes included: less use in faculty scholarship; a need to teach students how to effectively use YouTube for both finding and creating content; the value of YouTube as an audio vs. video source; concerns about quality, copyright, data, and reliability; and benefits like easy access and large amounts of content. Conclusion – Some faculty expressed concern that students did not use more library music resources or know how to locate quality resources. The study suggested librarians and faculty could collaborate on solutions to educate students. Librarians might offer instructional content on effective searching and evaluation of YouTube. Open-ended responses showed further exploration is needed to determine faculty expectations of library “discovery and delivery” (p. 505) and role as the purchaser of recordings. Conversations between librarians and faculty members may help clarify expectations and uncover ways to improve library resources and services to better meet evolving needs. Finally, the author recommended additional exploration is needed to evaluate YouTube’s impact on library collection development.
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Zhabko, Elena D. "Digital Collections as Data: A New Direction for Libraries." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 73, no. 2 (April 25, 2024): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2024-73-2-129-142.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to analyze the theoretical foundations and experience of foreign library institutions in the direction of “digital collections as data”. Digital collections are considered not only as new forms of knowledge organization, but also as a tool for conducting scientific research in the field of humanities disciplines. Practice has shown that huge arrays of digitized texts and images can be used more successfully if modern information technologies are applied. Combining research methodology in the humanities and social sciences and computer tools makes it possible to extract quantitative and geographical data, facts, images on the basis of automatic analysis of recognized texts, visualize and display data in various formats, provide detailed metadata, model historical processes and much more. The most illustrative examples of innovative projects in a number of European libraries are given. The current state of transformation of digital collections as data in the United States is briefly characterized. It is determined that in recent decades in Russia a scientific, educational and technological environment for research based on library resources has been formed. Libraries should overcome their detachment from scientific research in the field of digital humanities and enter it as an equal partner. The tasks of domestic libraries for further development of digital content are defined, taking into account the achievements in the field of information technologies and the current level of technical knowledge.
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Ivanova, Elena A. "Past, Present and Future of Libraries in the Mirror of Rumyantsev Readings — 2019." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-4-435-447.
Full textAbstract:
International scientific and practical conference “Rumyantsev readings — 2019” was held on April 23—24 in the Russian State Library. The conference covered a wide range of issues: “Libraries and museums in the context of history”; “History of the Russian State Library”; “Disclosure of universal and specialized collections of libraries: forms and methods”; “Future of libraries: evaluations, studies, forecasts”; “Libraries as centres of information-bibliographic activities”; “Library collections and library-information services in the age of electronic communications”; “Professional development of library staff: demands of time. Library as educational centre”; “International cooperation of libraries. Library as a platform for intercultural dialogue”. The conference was attended by specialists from libraries, museums, archives, universities and research institutes, representatives of professional associations and organizations from various regions of Russia and from Australia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia, the United States of America, Tajikistan and Ukraine. Among the sections and round tables of “Rumyantsev readings” were both traditional, held within the framework of the conference on annual basis, and timed to the memorable dates and visits of foreign colleagues of the year. In 2019, the following sections were held: “Art editions in the collections of libraries: issues of study, preservation and promotion”, “Library classification systems”, “Rare and valuable books, book monuments and collections”, “Manuscript sources in the collections of libraries”, “Specialized collections in libraries”, “Collectors, researchers, keepers. Libraries in the context of history”, “Continuing education as a competence resource of library staff”, “Theory and practice of librarianship development at the present stage”, “Library digitalization: trends, problems, prospects”, “Effective library management: problems and solutions. (Pre-session meeting of the 32nd Section of the Russian Library Association on library management and marketing)”. Seminar from the series “Role of science in the development of libraries (theoretical and practical aspects)” “N.M. Sikorsky: scientist, organizer of book science and librarianship. To the 100th birth anniversary” took place. There were organized Round tables: “The new National standard for bibliographic description GOST R 7.0.100—2018 in the modern information environment”, “Library terminology in the context of digital space”, “Cooperation of libraries of the CIS countries: strategic directions”, “Flagship projects that shape the future of libraries”. The growing number of participants, the breadth of topics, the steady interest of specialists in traditional sections and the annual organization of new events in the form and content of the “Rumyantsev readings” allow the conference to stay among the largest scientific and practical events of library research in the country. The search for new topics and the introduction of topical issues on the agenda contribute to both activation of historical research and the search for ways of innovative development and intercultural interaction.
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DeLong, Kathleen. "Career Advancement and Writing about Women Librarians: A Literature Review." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8cs4m.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – This review of the literature provides a framework for understanding the professional experiences of women library directors in academic libraries. It focuses upon career advancement and writing about women librarians in the United States and Canada from the 1930s to 2012.
Methods – Databases from the disciplines of library science and business and management, including the larger social sciences, were searched for references to sources that dealt with career advancement and progression of women, specifically women librarians, from the 1930s to 2012. Similarly, these databases were also searched for sources pertaining to writing about women, especially women in libraries. Sources were also culled from major bibliographies on women in libraries. Articles and monographs were selected for inclusion in the review if they reported research findings related to these broad topics. In some cases sources from the professional literature were included if they offered a unique perspective on lived experience.
Results – Evidence shows the number of women in senior leadership roles has increased over the years. From the 1930s to the 1950s it was the natural order for men to be heads of academic libraries, particularly major research libraries. Research studies of the decades from the 1960s to the 1980s provide evidence of a shift from the assumption that various personal and professional characteristics could be identified to account for differences in the number of men and of women recruited into senior positions in academic libraries. Despite this, women remained vastly under-represented in director positions in academic libraries. From the 1990s to the present, the evidence shows the number of women in senior leadership roles increased, despite factors such as mobility, career interruptions, or lack of advanced degrees that were traditionally identified as limitations to career growth. While women have gained in terms of the number of senior positions in academic libraries in the U.S. and Canada they are still not proportionately represented. The results section concludes with a review of sources that pertain to writing about women library leaders. This emphasizes that the professional lives of women librarians are largely unknown, as is the importance of their contribution to the development of libraries and librarianship. These sources were included to highlight the critical importance, but lack of material that speaks to writing about women and their professional lives and experiences.
Conclusions – Research into the lives of women library leaders is important because women traditionally represent 75-80% of library professionals, yet the story of their career advancement and leadership within librarianship is bounded by characteristics – real or perceived – that affect their career progression. Future research focusing on collecting current data about career advancement of women in Canadian academic libraries as well as the contributions of women to development of libraries is suggested.
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Amos, Kathleen, Allyson Mower, Mary Ann James, Alice Weber, Joanne Yaffe, and Mary Youngkin. "Exploring Publishing Patterns at a Large Research University: Implications for Library Practice." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b86311.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – The research project sought to explore the value of data on publication patterns for decision-making regarding scholarly communications and collection development programs at a research-intensive post-secondary institution, the University of Utah in the United States.
Methods – Publication data for prolific University of Utah authors were gathered from Scopus for the year 2009. The availability to University of Utah faculty, staff, and students of the journals in which University of Utah authors published was determined using the University of Utah Libraries’ catalogue; usage was estimated based on publisher-provided download statistics and requests through interlibrary loan; and costs were calculated from invoices, a periodicals directory, and publisher websites and communications. Indicators of value included the cost-per-use of journals to which the University of Utah Libraries subscribed, a comparison of interlibrary loan costs to subscription costs for journals to which the University of Utah Libraries did not subscribe, the relationship between publishing venue and usage, and the relationship between publishing venue and cost-per-use.
Results – There were 22 University of Utah authors who published 10 or more articles in 2009. Collectively, these authors produced 275 articles in 162 journals. The University of Utah provided access through library subscriptions to 83% of the journals for which access, usage, and cost data were available, with widely varying usage and at widely varying costs. Cost-per-use and a comparison of interlibrary loan to subscription costs provided evidence of the effectiveness of collection development practices. However, at the individual journal title level, there was little overlap between the various indicators of journal value, with the highest ranked, or most valuable, journals differing depending on the indicator considered. Few of the articles studied appeared in open access journals, suggesting a possible focus area for the scholarly communications program.
Conclusions – Knowledge of publication patterns provides an additional source of data to support collection development decisions and scholarly communications programming. As the estimated value of a journal is dependent on the factor being studied, gathering knowledge on a number of factors and from a variety of sources can lead to more informed decision-making. Efforts should be made to expand data considered in areas of scholarly communications and collection development beyond usage to incorporate publishing activities of institutionally affiliated authors.
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Torabi, Nazi. "Library School Curricula in the US Should Address Liaison Responsibilities for Students Interested in Academic Librarianship." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2010): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8h326.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Attebury, R. I., & Finnell, J. (2009). What do LIS students in the United States know about liaison duties? New Library World, 110(7), 325-340.
Objectives – The two main objectives of this study were to determine the level of prevalence of liaison work in academic library job advertisements and to investigate whether the current library & information science (LIS) students are aware of liaison duties.
Design – The mixed methods used in this study are job postings analysis and online survey.
Setting – The research settings were the following:
(1) Online academic job advertisements published between November 15, 2007 and January 15, 2008 and collected from Chronicle of Higher Education’s Web site and lisjobs.com;
(2) Fifty-three electronic mail lists of ALA-accredited library schools in the US.
Subjects – The subjects of the study were 313 online academic job advertisements and 516 LIS students.
Methods – The sample size and methodology for the first part of this study were based on four previously published studies. Duplicated job postings were removed and the remaining were organized into 15 categories of access/public services, reference, instruction, bibliographer/subject specialist, combination (instruction and reference), archives/special collections, special libraries, director/dean, department head or coordinator, interlibrary loan (ILL), systems/web development, cataloguing, outreach, and acquisitions/collection-development. Only those job ads containing the term “liaison” were included in the analysis.
For the second part of the study, the authors conducted an online survey. They attempted to investigate the knowledge of LIS students on liaison librarianship, to measure the level of exposure to liaison responsibilities in their course work, and to gauge the confidence of the individual in their ability to become successful liaison librarians. The survey was distributed among 53 LIS school electronic mail lists, resulting in 516 respondents.
Main Results – The job ad analysis revealed that 29% of job postings were directly related to liaison duties. The liaison component of the positions related to access/public services, instruction, bibliographer/subject specialist, special, and outreach were the highest (50% or more). The liaison activities described in the job ads related to reference, a combination of reference and instruction, ILL, department head/coordinator, and system/Web development were also high (29% to 50%). The positions categorized as librarian, archives, director/dean, cataloguing, and collection development/acquisitions had less liaison responsibilities (
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Podkorytova, N. I., I. G. Lakizo, and E. B. Artemyeva. "Regularities and trends of formation and development of academic libraries stocks in Siberia (1992-2016)." Bibliosphere, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2017-4-62-70.
Full textAbstract:
The society development depends directly on the state and evolution of scientific environment, its organizational structures. Academic libraries play the leading role in academic communications, performing functions of informational centers, expanding significantly the field of researchers’ information activity and informational security. Libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences experienced several stages in their development in 1992-2016, which was defined both by socio-political, socio-economic, legal transformations, and changes in the organizational-administrative model to manage scientific institutions in the country. The development of the library fund of scientific institutions passes several stages: · 1990s - stocks are formed mainly with traditional resources; · early 2000s - stocks structure includes remote access license resources along with traditional carriers; and open access resources - into the servicing system. The authors revealed main trends of stocks development based on results of a brief analysis of the library stocks formation of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) in 1992-2016: the united fund created in previous decades breaks up into elements, is atomized, centripetal tendencies are replaced by centrifugal ones, the model of centralization changes, books’ share in the collection of traditional paper editions raises in stocks; it is observed a transition from the acquisition of printed versions of periodicals and special kinds of literature (standards, descriptions of inventions, etc.) to promoting their remote access; SB RAS’ resource base includes licensed electronic resources of remote temporary access and various types of open access scientific information to meet needs of scientists and specialists.
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Goertzen, Melissa. "Longitudinal Analysis of Undergraduate E-book Use Finds that Knowledge of Local Communities Drives Format Selection and Collection Development Activities." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8bw5q.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Hobbs, K., & Klare, D. (2016). Are we there yet?: A longitudinal look at e-books through students’ eyes. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 28(1), 9-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2016.1130451
Abstract
Objective – To determine undergraduate students’ opinions of, use of, and facility with e-books.
Design – A qualitative study that incorporated annual interview and usability sessions over a period of four years. The protocol was informed by interview techniques used in prior studies at Wesleyan University. To supplement the body of qualitative data, the 2014 Measuring Information Service Outcomes (MISO) survey was distributed; the researchers built five campus-specific e-book questions into the survey.
Setting – A small university in the Northeastern United States of America.
Subjects – 28 undergraduate students (7 per year) who attended summer session between the years of 2011-2014 recruited for interview and usability sessions; 700 full-time undergraduate students recruited for the 2014 MISO survey.
Methods – The method was designed by a library consortium in the Northeastern United States of America. The study itself was conducted by two librarians based at the single university. To recruit students for interview and usability sessions, librarians sent invitations via email to a random list of students enrolled in the university’s summer sessions. Recruitment for the 2014 MISO survey was also conducted via email; the survey was sent to a stratified, random sample of undergraduate students in February 2014.
Interview sessions were structured around five open-ended questions that examined students’ familiarity with e-books and whether the format supports academic work. These sessions were followed by the students’ evaluation of specific book titles available on MyiLibrary and ebrary, platforms accessible to all libraries in the CTW Consortium. Participants were asked to locate e-books on given topics, answer two research questions using preselected e-books, explain their research process using the above mentioned platforms, and comment on the overall usability experience. Instead of taking notes during interview and usability sessions, the researchers recorded interviews and captured screen activity. Following sessions, they watched recordings, took notes independently, and compared notes to ensure salient points were captured.
Due to concerns that a small pool of interview and usability candidates might not capture the overall attitude of students towards e-books, the researchers distributed the 2014 MISO survey between the third and fourth interview years. Five additional campus-specific e-book questions were included. The final response rate was 33%.
Main Results – The results of the interviews, usability studies, and MISO survey suggest that although students use print and electronic formats for complementary functions, 86% would still select print if they had to choose between the formats. Findings indicate that e-books promote discovery and convenient access to information, but print supports established and successful study habits, such as adding sticky notes to pages or creating annotations in margins. With that being said, most students do not attempt to locate one specific format over another. Rather, their two central concerns are that content is relevant to search terms and the full-text is readily available.
Study findings also suggest that students approach content through the lens of a particular assignment. Regardless of format, they want to get in, locate specific information, and move on to the next source. Also, students want all sources – regardless of format – readily at hand and arranged in personal organization systems. PDF files were the preferred electronic format because they best support this research behaviour; content can be arranged in filing systems on personal devices or printed when necessary. Because of these research habits, digital rights management (DRM) restrictions created extreme frustration and were said to impede work. In some cases, students created workarounds for the purpose of accessing information in a usable form. This included visiting file sharing sites like Pirate Bay in order to locate DRM free content.
Findings demonstrated a significant increase in student e-book use over the course of four years. However, this trend did not correspond to increased levels of sophistication in e-book use or facility with build-in functions on e-book platforms. The researchers discovered that students create workarounds instead of seeking out menu options that save time in the long run. This behaviour was consistent across the study group regardless of individual levels of experience working with e-books. Students commented that additional features slow down work rather than creating efficiency. For instance, when keyboard shortcuts used to copy and paste text did not function, students preferred to type out a passage rather than spend time searching for copy functions available on the e-book platform.
Conclusion – Academic e-books continue to evolve in a fluid and dynamic environment. While the researchers saw improvements over the course of four years (e.g., fewer DRM restrictions) access barriers remain, such as required authentication to access platform content. They also identified areas where training sessions lead by librarians could demonstrate how e-books support student research and learning activities.
The researchers also found that user experiences are local in nature and specific to campus cultures and expectations. They concluded that knowledge of local user communities should drive book format selection. Whenever possible, libraries should provide access to multiple formats to support a variety of learning needs and research behaviours.
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Herron, David, and Lotta Haglund. "Mismatch Between the Demands for Tenure and Those of Public Services is Creating a Crossroads in Academic Librarianship." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 4 (December 7, 2007): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8n30p.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – To explore how public services librarians in academic libraries perceive their duties and experience job satisfaction especially in relation to faculty status (tenure track or non-tenure).
Design – A multi-site study.
Setting – Academic libraries in the United States.
Subjects – Academic public service librarians.
Methods – In March 2004, an online survey containing 25 questions was sent out to 1,510 academic librarians across the United States. The survey included demographic and professional work-related questions, but mainly focused on retrieving information about librarian feelings, thoughts, and perceptions in relation to six aspects of the role of the public service librarian, namely: reference, collections, publishing, teaching, committee, and management activities. The survey data was stored in an SQL database and analyzed in various ways to try to see if there were correlations in the replies. In some cases, Chi-square was used to test for statistical significance.
Main results – 328 (22%) out of 1,510 potential replies were received. 74% came from public universities and 26% from private institutions. 23% of the respondent librarians had received their MLA before 1980, 34% between 1980 and 1994, and 43% 1995 or later. About 50% had worked as an academic librarian fewer than 10 years and 50% for 10 or more years. About 50% had worked at their current institution five years or fewer and the other 50% for six years or more. 49% had job descriptions which clearly indicated the relative emphasis of each of the main areas of their job. 50% came from tenure-track and non-tenure-track institutions alike.
The librarians were asked to reply to “most” and “least” questions. The following lists show the most chosen responses (in %) to the questions.
“Most” questions:
80% felt that they were most prepared for reference activities by their library school training.
50% felt most satisfied with doing reference activities.
25% felt that administrators viewed reference activities as being most important.
41% thought that reference activities had most service impact on users.
24% found teaching activities the most challenging aspect of their job.
49% had attended most training in the area of reference activities.
31% thought that reference activities would be most important for them 5 years later on (that is, at the date of publication of this review, 2009).
For those with a position description, 49% had descriptions that most emphasized reference activity.
For those in tenure-track positions, 78 % replied that publishing activities were most important for tenure.
“Least” questions:
28% felt that they were least prepared for teaching activities by their library school training.
44% felt that committee activities were the least satisfactory part of their job.
33% felt that administrators regarded publishing as the least important aspect of the job.
49% thought that publishing activities would have the least service impact on users.
46% thought that committee activities were the least challenging.
31% had attended least training in publishing activities.
35% thought that publishing activities would be least important to them 5 years later.
For those with a position description, 33% had descriptions that least emphasized publishing activities.
For those in tenure-track positions, 31 % replied that management activities were least important for tenure.
There was a correlation at an individual level between reference activities considered as having the most service impact on users and giving the most job satisfaction; and what the librarian thought was the most important to administrators.
There was an overall correlation between what librarians found most challenging and the type of in-service training they had attended, with the notable exception of publishing.
The area of scholarly publishing was perceived generally as the second most challenging area (18%) after teaching. However, very few (2%) replied that they had (recently) attended in-service training in this area.
Librarians with publishing as a clear component of their job description were more likely to find publishing challenging and to say that it was an important component for their administrators. Publishing was clearly considered important for tenure.
There were some statistically significant differences between more- and less-experienced librarians and more- and less-recently qualified librarians. In general (according to the authors), less experienced librarians tended to place more emphasis on teaching and committee activities, whereas more experienced librarians tended to emphasize collection development and management.
Conclusions – Generally, the authors conclude that “librarians feel that they are in tune with their library administrators” (360). The authors found a clear link between in-service training opportunities chosen by librarians and the areas that the librarians thought that the administration regarded as important.
However, there seems to be discord between the requirements for tenure (the majority ranked publishing as most important for tenure) and the service needs of users, librarian job satisfaction, and the perceived demands of administrators. The authors conclude that academic librarianship is at a “crossroads” where “librarians need to decide how and if publishing activities can be successfully balanced with other job components that are arguably more central to the library’s mission” (363).
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Muellenbach, Joanne M. "Structured Interviews Reveal That Reference and Liaison Librarians—as Engaged, Proactive Partners—are Vital to the Academic Enterprise." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 17, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30080.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of: Johnson, A.M. (2020). Reference and liaison librarians: Endangered species or “vital partners?” Views of academic library administrators. Journal of Library Administration, 60(7), 784-799. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2020.1786979 Abstract Objectives – To investigate the current state and prospects of reference and liaison librarianship. Design – Structured interviews consisted of 10 questions that lasted between 30 and 75 minutes. Setting – Fourteen medium-sized, urban universities geographically spread across the United States of America. Subjects – Fifteen library administrators with at least 10 years of experience. Methods – The author contacted academic library leaders from 17 benchmark institutions and head librarians from other R1 institutions whose libraries were members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) or whose campus size and characteristics mirrored the author’s institution in that they were medium-sized urban universities. The study examined five primary questions and included an appendix with the 16-item survey instrument. The structured interviews included 10 questions about the current state and prospects of reference and liaison librarianship, along with questions related to demographics. The author transcribed the interviews and removed all identifying information. Since the interviews were structured and thus thematically similar, coding software was not used. The author compiled and analyzed the responses to the questions. Main Results – The concepts of connecting, discovering, listening, and partnering were inherent in the definition of being a liaison librarian. In general, the library administrators, all of whom had been in the profession for 10 years or more, felt that liaison librarians should be active in furthering scholarly activities in such areas as grant-writing, generating scholarship, or data curation. There was an emphasis on outreach, being proactive, and engaging with faculty, which raised an important question for administrators: Is this skill set too broad for any one person, and if so, how can the library profession collaborate to draw upon each other’s strengths? There was a consensus that while the work of reference and liaison librarians is vital to the academic enterprise, this work need not be situated at a central reference desk. Rather, librarians would be physically embedded or electronically linked to students and faculty, helping them to formulate answerable questions, locate high-quality, evidence-based information in specialized databases, or provide support in such areas as open educational resource development, augmented reality, or scholarly communications. Conclusion – In the view of current library administrators, being a reference and liaison librarian means partnering proactively with students and faculty to ensure a deep understanding of their teaching, learning, and research needs while also maintaining a thorough knowledge of the libraries’ collections and resources. To accomplish this, the librarian must be visible to their constituencies, tell memorable, authentic stories of what they have to offer, and build lasting relationships. Reference and liaison librarians require traditional knowledge of library functions and systems and teaching skills and possess qualities such as collaboration, communication, and flexibility. Overall, library leaders believe that liaison librarians will continue to be vital partners and that without a central reference desk, there will be a deeper integration within the academic enterprise.
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MoChridhe, Race. "ICCPR Article 27 as a Basis for Multilingual Library Services: Implications of Treaty Implementation in the US Context." International Journal of Librarianship 5, no. 1 (July 23, 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2020.vol5.1.141.
Full textAbstract:
In response to a rapidly diversifying population, American libraries have invested considerable effort in improving collections and services in non-English languages. For the past decade, the American Library Association’s Guidelines for the Development and Promotion of Multilingual Collections and Services and its Guidelines for Library Services to Spanish-Speaking Library Users have represented the aspirations of the professional community to achieve best practices in this area. At the same time, a growing interest in critically aligning librarianship with human rights work has generated rich reflection on the application of the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Largely overlooked in this process, however, has been the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which, in contrast to the UDHR, is legally binding on states parties and has been ratified by the United States. This article examines the implications of ICCPR Article 27’s guarantees of cultural and language rights for minorities on the provision of non-English library collections and services, arguing that the treaty provides a legal foundation for library advocacy to support the work envisioned in the ALA’s guideline documents.
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Savitskaya, Tatiana E. "Technological Imperative: Current Trends in the Foreign Market of Library Technologies." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 69, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2020-69-1-21-30.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, innovations in the field of information technology are increasingly becoming the key to the company’s success, its main competitive advantage. The library business is no exception in this regard. The purpose of the study is to study the current trends in the foreign market of library technologies as a factor that directly affects the methods and forms of library work based on information provided on the websites of foreign companies, as well as in summary reports on the development dynamics of the market of library technologies. Specialized companies offer to libraries the new resource management technologies, metadata sets for expanding collection or software tools for optimizing electronic catalogues. They are the providers of innovation for libraries, intermediaries between the end user and the advanced achievements of IT technologies.The author notes that among the priorities of the development of library technology industry the unchallenged leadership belongs to library-information systems of the new generation: first, library service platforms that use cloud technologies and service architecture, and second, advanced integrated library systems with the addition of Web modules, Web applications, etc. The hidden spring of the development of foreign market of library technologies is the fundamental change in the concept of library automation, the transition from unified library systems, managing print and electronic resources and basing on client-server architecture, to universal library service platforms with cloud storage.The author analyses in detail the trends of the library technology market in the United States as the most developed and active market, as well as in Europe and Latin America. The article draws attention to the companies — leaders in the competitive struggle in the market of library technologies. The author concludes that reorientation to network technologies means for libraries, on one hand, increase of efficiency, access to up-to-date online information, closer communication with users, reduction of non-core costs, and on the other hand, constant dependence on network service providers, whose set increases proportionally to the growing differentiation of the market, the maximum openness and partial de-specialisation, compensated by active participation in digital Humanities projects, and ultimately, loss of institutional autonomy.
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Parry, Kate. "The Story of a Library: Research and Development in an African Village." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 111, no. 9 (September 2009): 2127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100907.
Full textAbstract:
Background Although education in Africa is expanding, little is being done to support learners’ literacy outside the school. Rural people have little access to books and so cannot develop their reading skills. Purpose of Study The project described here has both an educational and a research purpose: to complement formal schooling by making reading material available to students and others, and to document the development of new literacy practices by investigating and recording readers’ preferences. Setting The site is near the trading center of Kitengesa in Masaka District in Uganda. It is a rural area where most people depend on subsistence farming and the sale of food and cash crops. Many have been to school, however, and basic literacy is widespread. Intervention The project has consisted of the establishment and development of a community library, in cooperation with a local private secondary school. It is supported by funds that the author and other supporters raise in the United States and Canada. Research Design The research is a case study that follows an action research model. The intervention was initially based on observational research together with consultation with representatives of the community; it was carefully documented from the outset and the findings used to inform the project's further development. Data Collection and Analysis The data consist primarily of the library's records of members joining, books borrowed, and users’ declared purposes in coming to the building. The written records are supplemented by observations of behavior in the library and interviews with users. Results Local responses indicate that there is considerable potential for developing a reading culture in the area. Story books have proved to be most popular, but school textbooks and newspapers are also much in demand. The project has attracted interest from foreign visitors, who have used the library as a base for initiating other development projects. Conclusions The Kitengesa experience demonstrates that a community library is a cost-effective way of supporting literacy development and enabling research on literacy practices. It also provides a base for other grassroots development projects. The suggested way forward is to build on this experience by encouraging the growth of similar libraries throughout Uganda.
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Pudłowski, Leszek. "Między administracyjną Scyllą i uczoną Charybdą. Urzędnik czy historyk — rozterki u narodzin profesjonalnej archiwistyki w Stanach Zjednoczonych." Przegląd Archiwalno-Historyczny 9 (2022): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2391-890xpah.22.005.17217.
Full textAbstract:
W Stanach Zjednoczonych istniały dwa nurty archiwistyki. Klasyczny był związany z administracją, drugi zaś tworzyli aktywni obywatele pragnący utrwalić proces narodzin nowego państwa. Podwaliny oficjalnej administracji i biurokracji tworzył Charles Thomson, sekretarz pierwszego, zbuntowanego Kongresu Kontynentalnego w 1774 r. To on, pracując w parlamencie, ukształtował zalążki archiwum władz centralnych w 518 woluminach i dlatego słusznie jest nazywany ojcem chrzestnym amerykańskich archiwistów. Po zdobyciu niepodległości już na pierwszej sesji nowego Kongresu we wrześniu 1789 r. przyjęto Ustawę o zapewnieniu bezpiecznego przechowywania akt, dokumentacji i pieczęci Stanów Zjednoczonych, lecz przez cały wiek XIX nie zdołano stworzyć Archiwum Narodowego. Drugi nurt archiwistyki od zarania USA tworzyli pasjonaci historii, którzy gromadzili indywidualne kolekcje archiwaliów i druków ulotnych. Z czasem wyrastały z nich samodzielne, instytucjonalne biblioteki lub też zbiory te zasilały zasoby innych archiwów, bibliotek czy muzeów. Wśród najwybitniejszych kolekcjonerów warto wymienić Ebenezera Hazarda, Jareda Sparksa czy Lymana Copelanda Drapera. Z czasem także poszczególne stany zaczęły tworzyć instytucje o charakterze historyczno-archiwalnym, z których wyrastały historyczne ośrodki informacyjne i archiwa rządów stanowych. Archiwum Narodowe powołano dopiero w 1934 r. Zatrudniono w nim wielu historyków, którzy liczyli na pracę nad dziejami kraju, lecz zalew współczesnej dokumentacji sprawił, że dopiero po wielu latach żmudnych, biurokratycznych działań mogli podjąć współpracę z historykami. A toczący się wśród nich spór o to, gdzie przebiega granica między powołaniem archiwisty i historyka, pozostaje aktualny do dzisiaj. Between administrative Scylla and academic Charybdis: Clerk or historian — dilemmas in the early days of professional archival science in the United States In the United States, two main trends in archival science can be distinguished: traditional archival activities related to administration on the one hand, and on the other, active citizens who wanted to record the development of the new country. The foundation for the official administration and institutions was laid by Charles Thomson, the secretary of the first rebel Continental Congress in 1774. He worked in the parliament and laid the groundwork for the central authorities’ archive, encompassing 518 volumes. Thus, he is rightly referred to as the “godfather” of all American archivists. At the first session of the Congress after the USA had gained independence, in September 1789, it adopted the Act to provide for the safe-keeping of the Acts, Records and Seal of the United States. However, the authorities failed to establish the National Archives throughout the whole 19th century. The second trend in the history of American archival science was shaped by history lovers, with their individual collections and ephemera. With time, those grew into full-fledged, institutional libraries or were incorporated into the fonds of other archives, libraries, or museums. The most prominent collectors included Ebenezer Hazard, Jared Sparks, and Lyman Copeland Draper. Over time, individual states also started establishing historical and archival institutions, which grew to become centers of historical information or archival offices of state governments. The National Archives were only established in 1934, and employed many historians who hoped to work on the history of the country; however, the influx of contemporary documentation meant that only after many years of tedious, bureaucratic work could they start any actual historical cooperation. Meanwhile, the dispute regarding the line between the vocations of an archivist and a historian remains unresolved until today.
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Kaba, Abdoulaye. "Assessing an academic library performance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study in UAE." Performance Measurement and Metrics 22, no. 3 (November 11, 2021): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pmm-01-2021-0003.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this case study is to assess and compare the performance of an academic library, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on data collected from the library management system, usage reports of online databases, and monthly reports and archives to evaluate and assess library performance in managerial activities, collection development, collection treatment, collection circulation, usage of digital resources, quality control, reference services and information literacy activities. Frequency distributions and non-parametric tests were used in identifying differences and testing hypotheses.FindingsThe study found that library performance before the COVID-19 pandemic outperformed library performance during the pandemic in collection development, collection treatment, collection circulation, access and use of digital resources, quality control and information literacy. On the other hand, the library demonstrated higher performance in managerial activities and reference services during the COVID-19 pandemic than that of before the pandemic period. Interestingly, the analysis of the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test revealed statistically no significant difference in the library performance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results supported all the eight hypotheses stated in this study.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a case study based on data collected from an academic library in the UAE before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings may not be generalized and may differ if more data are analyzed from many academic libraries.Practical implicationsCOVID-19 pandemic is a turning point for library managers to increase the number of digital resources and services, to ensure that library staff are equipped with essential and up-to-date information and communication technology (ICT) skills and knowledge, to ensure that library users are equipped with essential and up-to-date information literacy skills and knowledge. These will enable them to satisfy users' information needs and ensure library operation in disasters and crisis periods.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies conducted in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to evaluate library performance before and during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the study could be an important reference in understanding how libraries responded to COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East. The results of the study may contribute to the provision of digital resources and services during the pandemic and disasters in the UAE and the Arab world.
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Badia, Giovanna. "Patron-Driven Acquisition of E-Books Satisfies Users’ Needs While Also Building the Library’s Collection." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 3 (September 10, 2013): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b82p6j.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – To present the initial results of an academic library’s one-year pilot with patron-driven acquisition of e-books, which was undertaken “to observe how user preferences and the availability of e-books interacted with [the library’s] traditional selection program” (p. 469).
Design – Case study.
Setting – The University of Iowa, a major urban research university in the United States.
Subjects – Original selection of 19,000 e-book titles from ebrary at the beginning of the pilot in October 2009. To curb spending during the pilot, the number of e-book titles available for purchase was reduced to 12,000 titles at the end of December 2009, and increased to nearly 13,000 titles in April 2010.
Methods – These e-book titles were loaded into the library’s catalogue. The goal was for the University of Iowa’s faculty, staff, and students to search the library catalogue, discover these e-book titles, and purchase these books unknowingly by accessing them. The tenth click by a user on any of the pages of an e-book caused the title to be automatically purchased for the library (i.e., ebrary charged the library for the e-book).
Main Results – From October 2009 to September 2010, the library acquired 850 e-books for almost $90,000 through patron-driven acquisition. The average amount spent per week was $1,848 and the average cost per book was $106. Researchers found that 80% of the e-books purchased by library patrons were used between 2 to 10 times in a 1-year period. E-books were purchased in all subject areas, but titles in medicine (133 titles purchased, 16%), sociology (72 titles purchased, 8%), economics (58 titles purchased, 7%), and education (54 titles purchased, 6%) were the most popular. Two of the top three most heavily used titles were standardized test preparation workbooks. In addition, 166 of the e-books purchased had print duplicates in the library, and the total number of times the print copies circulated dropped 70% after the e-versions of these books were obtained.
The authors also examined usage data for their subscription to ebrary’s Academic Complete collection from September 2009 to July 2010, which consisted of 47,367 e-books. Together with the 12,947 book titles loaded into the catalogue for the patron-acquisition pilot, there were a grand total of 60,314 ebrary e-book titles in the library catalogue that were accessible to the Iowa University community. The study revealed that 15% of these titles were used during this 11-month period, and the used titles were consulted 3 or more times. The authors sorted the user sessions by publisher and found that patrons used e-books from a wide variety of publishing houses, of which numerous university presses together constituted the majority of uses. The five most heavily used e-books were in the fields of medicine, followed by economics, sociology, English-American literature, and education.
Conclusion – The authors’ experience has shown that patron-driven acquisition “can be a useful and effective tool for meeting user needs and building the local collection” (p. 490). Incomplete coverage of academic publications makes patron-driven acquisition only one tool among others, such as selection by liaison librarians, which may be employed for collection development. According to the authors, patron-driven acquisition “does a good job of satisfying the sometimes
unrecognized demand for interdisciplinary materials often overlooked through traditional selection methods,” (p. 491) and alerts librarians to new research areas.
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Hodzhal, Svitlana S. "The work of Mark Antonovych in the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences (USA)." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190115.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to characterize Mark Antonovichʼs activities at the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences (USA) as President of the UAN and to determine his contribution to the development of the Academy. Methods of research: historical-typological, historical-genetic, historical-system. Main results: An important contribution to the development and preservation of Ukrainian historical science can be considered the work of researchers in the scientific institutions of the diaspora in the twentieth century. The article analyzes the scientific and organizational work of Marko Dmytrovych Antonovych as an active member of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences (UVAN). Marko Dmytrovych joined the scientific institution at the beginning of its foundation. The researcher took an active part in scientific conferences and fruitfully co-operated in the first group of History and Early History with auxiliary sciences, where Marko Antonovych served as secretary. After being elected President by the UVAN in the United States, he devoted himself entirely to the work of the organization. The scientist was in this position during 1992–1997. As the President of UVAN, M. Antonovych participated in the organization of scientific conferences speaking up with the reports. In addition, he was engaged in editing and preparing for the publication of scientific publications. During this period, under the auspices of UIA under the editorship or with the introductory word of M. Antonovych nine editions were published. On his initiative, the reorganization and modernization of the archive and library began. It was planned to inventory library and archival funds, the recruitment of a professional librarian and the purchase of a computer for the introduction of an electronic catalog (including the creation of e-mail). In addition, it was suggested to contact US and Canadian universities to collaborate on microfilming and preservation of some of the most valuable book and archive funds. It was during the presidency of Marko Dmytrovych that an agreement was signed on cooperation between the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences in the USA and the T. H. Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for ten years (1997-2007), the active cooperation of the Institute with UVAN in Canada, the Historical and Philological Section of NTSh and NTSh in Lviv, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University, the Harriman Institute and other academic institutions in America, Europe and Canada. UVAN occupied an important place in the organization of scientific life in the diaspora. Marko Antonovych, being a full member, and later also the President of the Academy, greatly contributed to the development of historical science. Thanks to his hard work, collections of archival materials and works by renowned scholars were published. His efforts to reorganize the archives and libraries also had a positive impact on the organization of the scientific activity of the UVAN, and, consequently, on the whole historical science. Practical significance: recommended for use in studying the activities of the Ukrainian diaspora, the work of scientific institutions abroad. Originality: A generalization of UAV activities in the United States was used during the period 1992–1997. Scientific novelty: documents from the UIT archive (Ukraine) and the UVAN archive (USA) were used for the first time. Article type: analitycal.
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Shen, Lisa. "There is No Association Between Subject Liaisons’ Perception of Their Work and Faculty Satisfaction with Their Liaisons." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 4 (December 12, 2013): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b83k76.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – To determine the relationship between librarians’ self-assessment of their liaison responsibilities and faculty’s satisfaction with their liaison’s performance, and the factors influencing these perceptions.
Design – Web-based survey questionnaire.
Setting – The survey was conducted over the Internet through email invitations.
Subjects – 354 librarians and 140 faculty members from selected universities and colleges in the United States.
Methods – 602 colleges and universities were selected based on institution size, degrees offered, and financial status using U.S. Department of Education’s 2008 institution data. Each institution was randomly assigned one of three subject designations: chemistry, psychology, or English. A randomly selected faculty member from the designated subject department and their corresponding subject liaison librarian (“liaison”) were contacted for the survey.
Institution websites were used to locate faculty and liaisons. If a list of liaisons could not be found, then a librarian from the website’s available contact list was randomly selected instead. The chosen individuals were invited via email in April 2010 to participate in the online survey. Before the survey closed in mid-May, up to two follow-up emails were sent to those who had neither responded nor asked to be removed from the contact list. The survey questionnaire was delivered through the Lime Survey platform and consisted of 53 items in 15 questions.
Main Results – The survey had an overall response rate 41.0%: 58.8% from librarians and 23.3% from faculty. Three hundred and four of the 354 librarians surveyed (85.9%) were self-identified liaisons, although researchers were unable to identify 61 of them through their library websites.
Most liaisons surveyed had responsibilities in the areas of collection development (96.1%), instruction (87.2%), and reference (82.6%). They provided an average of eight types of liaison services, some of which fall under these categories. The liaisons worked with an average of four academic departments (M=4.12, SD=2.98) and spent approximately 10 hours per week (M=10.36, SD=9.68) on their subject responsibilities.
The majority of liaisons felt they were successful (62.5%) or very successful (13.8%) in their liaison services and were either satisfied (50.7%) or very satisfied (12.2%) with the liaison relationship with their departments. E-mail (97.2%) was the liaisons’ most frequently cited communication channel. The frequency of contact with their departments had the highest correlation (gamma = -0.567, p < 0.05) with liaisons’ perception of their own performances.
Of the 140 faculty surveyed, 104 indicated that their library had liaisons and 66.3% of them had had some contact with the liaison within the previous 6 months. Faculty who knew their liaison by name (gamma = 0.668, p < 0.05) or who had recent contact with the liaison (gamma = -0.48) were more satisfied with the liaison services than those who did not. Faculty who received more services from their liaisons (gamma = 0.521) also indicated greater satisfaction than those who received fewer services.
Faculty assigned higher importance than liaisons did to three liaison services: faculty participation in collection development, new publication notices, and copyright information. On the other hand, liaisons ranked the importance of information literacy-related services, including in-class library instruction sessions and integration of library instruction into the curriculum, much higher than did faculty.
Furthermore, 66 pairs of liaisons and their corresponding subject faculty completed the surveys. Forty-nine of the faculty members out of those matched pairs knew their liaisons and were more satisfied with the liaison services than those who did not. However, no other relationships, such as correlations between faculty satisfaction of their liaisons and liaisons’ assessment of their own performance, could be found between responses of these matched faculty and liaison pairs.
Conclusion – This study highlighted the disparity between faculty’s and librarians’ perceptions of library liaison programs. Most notably, there were no statistically significant relationships between liaisons’ perception and satisfaction of their work and their faculty members’ satisfaction of the liaison services. Faculty and liaisons also differed in their assigned importance to various types of liaison services.
Moreover, while faculty’s satisfaction with liaison services correlated with the frequency of their contact with and the number of services received from their liaisons, their satisfaction did not translate into approval of the library. No statistically significant relationship could be found between faculty’s familiarity or interaction with their liaisons and their satisfaction with their libraries overall.
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Merkley, Cari. "Staffing an Academic Reference Desk with Librarians is not Cost-effective." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 2 (June 14, 2009): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b89s40.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Ryan, Susan M. “Reference Transactions Analysis: The Cost-effectiveness of Staffing a Traditional Academic Reference Desk.” Journal of Academic Librarianship 34.5 (2008): 389-99.
Objective – To determine whether it is cost effective to staff an academic reference desk with librarians through an examination of the types of reference questions being asked and the qualifications required to answer them.
Design – Content analysis of reference transaction logs and activity-based costing for reference services based on quantitative data derived from the logs.
Setting – Stetson University, a private institution in the United States with an FTE of approximately 2500.
Subjects – 6959 phone, email, and in-person reference transactions logged at the reference desk by four full-time and two part-time librarians.
Methods – This study repurposes data originally collected to determine the frequency with which librarians turned to online versus print sources when responding to questions at the reference desk. Librarians working at the Stetson University library reference desk recorded all reference queries received in person, by phone, or by email for a total of eight months between 2002 and 2006. Data collection took place in two month intervals in fall 2002, spring 2003, spring 2006, and fall 2006. Each question and the sources used to address it were logged by the librarian. Directional questions that were not related to the library’s collections and technical questions dealing with printer or copier mechanical problems were counted, but the specifics of these questions were not recorded. It was felt that these queries would not yield data relevant to the original research question on sources used as they “did not directly relate to an information need” (391).
A total of 6959 questions were logged by librarians during the four collection periods. Questions were recorded for only 4431 transactions; the remaining 2528 queries related to printer/copier problems or non-library specific directions and were described as “direction and machine: non-informational” (394). The 4431 recorded questions were then divided into four categories derived by the researcher: look-up (a search for a known item), directional (library-specific orientation to the space and collections), technology (assistance with using library technology and electronic resources), and reference. The category of reference was further subdivided into eight additional categories: catalogue search, citation help, database help, “guide to correct databases,” “personal knowledge or referral,” “quick internet search,” research, and Serials Solutions (392). “Guide to correct databases” referred to advice on the appropriate database to answer a question and serials solutions included questions that could be answered using the Serials Solutions product, such as the availability of a particular journal or article in the collection (392). Questions were assigned to the single most appropriate category by the researcher.
Question categories were then mapped to “suggested staffing levels” (396). This determination was made by the researcher, and no details were given as to how the decision was made for each category. The three levels of staffing discussed were librarian, “trained student or staff,” and “well-trained staff/occasional librarian referral” (396).
The cost of staffing the reference desk during the eight months captured in this study was calculated by multiplying the hours worked by each librarian by his/her individual average rate of pay across the four data collection periods. Indirect staff costs such as benefits were not included in this calculation. The average cost per reference transaction was determined by dividing the total salary costs by the total number of reference queries during the periods of study. Costs for those categories of questions best addressed by a librarian could then be determined.
The actual number of librarians who participated in the study is unclear. The methodology refers to four full-time and two part-time librarians (391). However, later in the article there is reference to five full-time and three part-time librarians rather than the numbers initially stated (396). This may reflect staffing changes during the study period, with the first set of numbers referring to positions rather than individuals, but this cannot be verified with the evidence presented in the article.
Main Results – It was determined that most questions asked at the reference desk during the study period could have been addressed by trained student and staff member rather than librarians. Only 11% (784) of questions logged were deemed sufficiently complex by the researcher to require the attention of a librarian. The remaining 6175 transactions (89% of all those logged) could most likely be handled by a different staffing complement. According to Ryan, approximately 74% of the reference transactions, including directional, technology, “quick internet,” and known item searching questions could have been answered by “trained student and staff” (396). Questions on catalogue searching, databases, citations, Serial Solutions, and personal knowledge/referrals, representing approximately 15% of all questions, could have been handled by experienced and knowledgeable staff with limited librarian intervention. The complexity of the question was in part judged by the number of sources required to answer it, with most (75%) answerable with just one source.
The total cost of staffing the reference desk with librarians for the eight months studied was approximately US$49,328.00. A total of 6959 questions were logged during this period, resulting in an average cost of US$7.09 per reference transaction. This cost is approximate, as the exact time spent on each question was not recorded. The cost of answering “non-informational” directional and technical questions was the most significant (396). This category represented 36.3% of all questions received at the reference desk, with a total staffing cost of $17, 919.41 ($7.09 x 2528). “Information-orientated” directional and technology questions followed at 15.4% (US$7,620) and 12.4% (US$6,110.18) respectively (396). According to Ryan, questions in all three categories could be addressed by students and staff. The cost of addressing research questions, the only category requiring librarians, was US$5557.29. Research transactions were greatly outnumbered by directional and technology related questions. An average of 3.6 research questions were asked at the reference desk during the 12 hours it was open each day, compared to 20.8 directional/technical questions.
Conclusion – The nature of questions logged at the Stetson University library reference desk suggests that it is inefficient to staff the desk with librarians, given the salary costs of such a staffing model and the fact that librarian’s skills may not be required to answer most of the questions posed. Since the number of questions that need a librarian is so low, Ryan suggests that alternative staffing and service models be considered, so the energies of librarians could be more effectively employed elsewhere in the organization in areas such as information literacy instruction and the development of enhanced web services. It is noted that any reorganization of reference services should be done in concert with user surveys, consultation with staff, and extensive training to prepare staff for new roles. Suggested areas for further research identified by the researcher include the quality of reference transactions in an increasingly online environment.
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Evans, Gwen, and Theda Schwing. "OhioLINK – recent developments at a United States academic library consortium." Interlending & Document Supply 44, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilds-06-2016-0021.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to provide an update to Tom Sanville’s 2007 overview of OhioLINK, a renowned US academic library consortium, and describe the current state of activity and services. Design/methodology/approach The approach used is descriptive. Findings OhioLINK’s main collaborative services include document delivery, resource sharing and the establishment of digital libraries, including electronic journals, electronic books and open-access materials such as electronic theses and dissertations. This update to Tom Sanville’s 2007 overview of OhioLINK issues and developments describes the current state of collaborative library services and resource sharing a decade later, including the challenges of hosted institutional repositories and the implications of shifting from shared print to e-book collections at the network level. Originality/value OhioLINK trends provide a snapshot of changing activity and sustainability in library resource sharing at network scale across many different types of academic libraries.
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Jordan, Joanne L. "PubMed Central: An Essential Resource for Information Professionals and Researchers." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b80p5j.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – A review of the journals containing research listed in PubMed Central (PMC), but not selected for inclusion in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) collection. The authors identified reasons why journals had not been included in the collection and if any met the NLM selection criteria and were appropriate for inclusion.
Design – Descriptive study.
Setting – National Library of Medicine, United States.
Subjects – 571 journals that were not included in the NLM collection but had research articles in PMC.
Methods – In October 2009, a report was produced from the NLM library system listing journals tagged as having articles in PMC and not being in the NLM collection. Information was gathered on the journals identified and these were checked against the Collection Development Manual of the NLM and the NLM checklist used for selecting electronic journals. The reason for non-selection of the journal was recorded and the subject category, according to the Library of Congress Classification, was noted.
Recorded reasons why journals were not selected:
• Less than 15% of articles were within scope of NLM collection
• Not enough articles published
• Coverage (lacking original research or not for a scholarly audience)
• Insufficient information to determine reason
For journals where the criteria seemed to be met, the decision on selection to the NLM collection was reviewed.
Main Results – The authors identified 571 journals that had articles in PMC but did not meet the criteria for inclusion in the NLM journal collection. The majority of these journals (73%) were outside the NLM scope and a further 10% had not published a sufficient number of articles to be considered. A further 3% were assessed as not intended for a scholarly audience or lacked original research and another 3% could not be reviewed due to lack of information available. There were 65 journals (11%) that were referred for further review as the selection criteria seemed to be met and 11 of these journals have subsequently been added to the NLM collection. This is in relation to 482 new print and electronic journals in total that were added to the NLM collection in 2009.
However, only 369 of the 571 journals (65%) had one or more articles included in PMC; of these, 238 had one article and 33 had more than four articles in the archive. The reason that some journals had no articles in PMC at the time of this review was due to the time it takes to process new articles and embargos set by the publishers that restrict immediate listing on open access databases such as PMC. A number of these journals may also be new and may not have had a sufficient number of articles or enough information available to be able to include them in the NLM collection. To add context, the authors state that PMC contained over 115,000 NIH-funded articles by the end of November 2010.
The subject areas these non-selected journals were classified under included Engineering (15%); Medicine (14%); Mathematics (10%); Chemistry (10%); and Computer Science (9%). Library Science was assigned to 2% of the journals. The Medicine journals were more likely than those in the other subject areas to be new journals without sufficient articles to be included in the NLM collection.
Conclusion – When the journal title is out of the scope of the NLM collection, an individual article in that journal can still be included in PMC. This provides a solution to the problem of how to collect biomedical research that is not published in biomedical journals. This may be more important in the future as the field becomes more interdisciplinary. This also provides a useful resource for libraries and researchers searching for full-text biomedical articles.
The authors conclude that analyzing the articles from the journals not selected for inclusion in the NLM collection will provide helpful information about the types of biomedical research being published in non-biomedical journals. This will highlight particular areas the NLM should pay attention to in the future.