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1
Macchioro, Riccardo. "An Unknown Late-Antique Augustinian Collection : the Sancti catholici Patres Homiliary, and its Relationships with the Collectio Gallicana and the Roman Homiliaries (I)." Revue Bénédictine 133, no. 1 (January 2023): 56–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rb.5.134521.
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Macchioro, Riccardo. "An Unknown Late-Antique Augustinian Collection: the Sancti catholici Patres Homiliary, and its Relationships with the Collectio Gallicana and the Roman Homiliaries (II)." Revue Bénédictine 133, no. 2 (July 2023): 309–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rb.5.137776.
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Monder, Marta J. "Evaluation of growth and flowering of historical cultivars of Rosa gallica L. growing in the National Collection of Rose Cultivars in the Polish Academy Of Science Botanical Garden in Powsin." Acta Agrobotanica 67, no. 3 (2014): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.036.
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<em>Rosa gallica</em> is a native species under strict protection and its cultivars are practically unknown in Poland. The aim of the observations was to evaluate the possibilities of growing the studied cultivars in the climate of Central Poland. In the years 2000–2012, observations were conducted of shrubs derived from the French rose (<em>R. gallica</em> L.) gathered in the Collection of Rose Cultivars of the PAS Botanical Garden CBDC in Powsin, Poland. 13 cultivars were studied: ‘Ambroise Paré’, ‘Belle Herminie’, ‘Camaïeux’, ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’, ‘Charles de Mills’, ‘Complicata’, ‘Duchesse d’Angoulême’, ‘Duchesse de Montebello’, ‘Officinalis’, ‘Splendens’, ‘Tuscany Superb’, ‘Versicolor’, and ‘Violacea’. Every year, frost damage to shrubs, the date of bud breaking and leaf development as well as the dates of initial, full and final flowering were recorded and the presence of symptoms of damage from diseases was observed. During the observation years, periods of weather conditions unfavorable for roses often occurred, both in autumn-winter-spring and in summer. Only small differences were observed in winter hardiness, development during the growing season, and blooming period. The majority of the studied rose cultivars overwinter without frost damage, even through severe winters. The shrubs begin their growth late, usually until the second half of April. Gallicas start flowering early, in the third decade of May – first decade of June. Most Gallicas should find a wider application as shrubs or hedges for parks, green areas in cities, historical places, or home gardens. They are recommendable for their high resistance to frost and diseases as well as for their small size.
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Pokorny, Rudolf. "I. ‚Hispana Gallica‘ oder ‚Hispana Rhenana‘? Bernhar von Worms als erster Besitzer des Wiener Codex ÖNB 411." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 101, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgka-2015-0104.
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Abstract ‘Hispana Gallica’ or ‘Hispana Rhenana’? Bernhar of Worms first owner of the Viennese Codex ÖNB 411. Only the manuscript Wien ÖNB 411 transmits the Collectio Hispana Gallica in a complete version. So far, its medieval library home has been unknown. An addendum at the end of this codex, which has been not accurately understood in former research, suggests that bishop Bernhar of Worms was the owner of this manuscript around 810/11. In the course of the analysis of Wien ÖNB 411 the article addresses the distinction between codices, transmitting the Collectio Hispana Gallica, and those, transmitting the Collectio Hadriano-Hispanica (which depends from the Collectio Hispana Gallica). As a result it appears that the Collectio Hispana Gallica was transmitted and adapted in remarkable intensity in the Upper Rhine region. Based on these findings the article discusses consequences in determining the chronological starting point for the transformation of the Collectio Hispana Gallica into the Collectio Hispana Gallica Augustodunensis, which was already shaped by pseudo-isidorian influences.
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Terzoli, Serena, Grazia Abbruzzese, Isacco Beritognolo, Maurizio Sabatti, Riccardo Valentini, and Elena Kuzminsky. "Genetic characterization of a Tamarix spp. germplasm collection in Italy." Botany 92, no. 5 (May 2014): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0270.
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Tamarix L. plants are tolerant to extreme environmental conditions and represent a resource for the recovery of marginal areas. The aim of this study is to develop a molecular method for species assignment and to characterize the genetic differentiation of Italian Tamarix populations. Blind sampling was performed and individuals were gathered without any regard for species identity from seven sites in Italy. If possible, flowers for species identification were collected, but 60% of samples remained unidentified. The genotypic profile of 17 microsatellite markers and a Bayesian statistical approach allowed the individuals to split among genetic entities rather than by their species identity. A clear assignment of Tamarix africana Poir. individuals was found, but this was not the case for Tamarix gallica L. and Tamarix canariensis Willd., whose individuals were clustered in a unique group (T. gallica-like). In T. africana, the Bayesian analysis of the genetic structure pointed out the existence of a unique gene pool, whereas according to principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and FST values, the populations from Lazio and Sardinia were more differentiated. All the analyses performed showed a differentiation between Sicily and peninsular Southern Italy in the T. gallica-like group. This study is the first to report the characterization of the natural genetic resources of Italian tamarisks and it suggests the absence of genetic differentiation between T. gallica and T. canariensis.
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Reynolds, Roger E. "A Beneventan Monastic Excerptum from the Collectio Vetus Gallica." Revue Bénédictine 102, no. 3-4 (July 1992): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rb.4.01424.
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Motyka, Ewelina, Bogdan Wiśniowski, and Katarzyna Szczepko. "The Wild Bees Andrena gallica Schmiedeknecht, 1883 and Andrena assimilis Radoszkowski, 1876 (Apoidea: Andrenidae) in Poland." Journal of Apicultural Science 60, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2016-0022.
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Abstract The wild bees Andrena assimilis Radoszkowski, 1876, and Andrena gallica Schmiedeknecht, 1883, are morphologically very similar species and by some authors they are treated as one taxon – A. assimilis. Some other authors treat A. gallica as a subspecies of A. assimilis, others assert that both A. gallica and A. assimilis are valid species. After analysing the morphological features, we confirm that they should be treated as two distinct species. The following characters help to separate A. gallica from A. assimilis: in the case of females – the colouration of the stigma and veins in the forewing, in the case of males – the microsculpture of the surface of the metasomal terga, the punctation of terga II–III, and the width of the edeagus. Andrena gallica was reported in Poland in the first half of the twentieth century from the following regions: Baltic Coast, Kraków-Wieluń Upland, Małopolska Upland, and Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland. Due to the synonymy, these records were included in the distribution of A. assimilis. After more than 50 years, the occurrence of A. gallica in Poland has been confirmed. The new record of the species is reported based on the specimen collected in Kampinos National Park (Mazovian Lowland). In 2004, one male was collected on fallow land. Water pan-traps (Moericke traps) were used to do the collecting. Diagnoses of both species, data on their biology, as well as distribution, are provided.
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Bonello, Claire. "Discovering the Digitised Law Library of Heritage Collections: A Collaborative Achievement Between French Libraries." Legal Information Management 12, no. 4 (December 2012): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669612000667.
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AbstractThis article, written by Claire Bonello, presents the French collaborative project to digitise, spread and preserve heritage law collections. As a result, Gallica, the French national digital and encyclopedic library, gives freely access to a “law information universe”. This digital law library from heritage collections on Gallica is set to become a central point of access to legal contents for researchers as well as for jurists.
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Wrońska-Pilarek, Dorota. "Pollen morphology of Polish native species of the Rosa genus (Rosaceae) and its relation to systematics." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 80, no. 3 (2011): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2011.031.
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The morphology of pollen grains of 16 species from the <em>Rosa </em>L. genus were studied (i.e. <em>R. agrestis</em>, <em>R. canina</em>, <em>R. dumalis</em>, <em>R. gallica</em>, <em>R. inodora</em>, <em>R. jundzillii</em>, <em>R. kostrakiewiczii</em>, <em>R. majalis</em>, <em>R. micrantha</em>, <em>R. mollis</em>, <em>R. pendulina</em>, <em>R. rubiginosa</em>, <em>R. sherardii</em>, <em>R. tomentosa</em>, <em>R. villosa</em>, and <em>R. zalana</em>). The material came from 16 native localities of those species in Poland. The measurements are based on at least 30-50 randomly selected, fully developed pollen grains per specimen. In total, 500 pollen grains were examined. They were analysed for 13 quantitative features of pollen grains and exine sculpturing and the following qualitative traits: outline, shape, "operculum" structure. The diagnostic features of pollen grains of studied species were: length of polar and equatorial axes and length of ectocolpi. The above-mentioned pollen grain morphological features make isolation of one species possible: <em>R. gallica</em>. <em>R. gallica </em>is distinguished for its highest values of the length of polar and equatorial axes, and the length of ectocolpi. The obtained analytical results of operculum and exine sculpture features, considered as diagnostic, corroborated only slightly their priority significance for the isolation of the examined species and sections. The collected data failed to confirm fully the current taxonomical division of the <em>Rosa </em>genus into sections (only section <em>Gallicanae</em> from <em>R. gallica </em>is isolated) as well as consanguinity relationships between the examined species from the <em>Caninae </em>section. On the dendrogram, both species closely related with each other as well as those from other developmental lines were found in the same group. These equivocal results are by no means surprising because the <em>Caninae </em>section is the most polymorphic group in the <em>Rosa </em>genus, and contemporary <em>Caninae </em>are of the nature of a swarm of <em>R. canina </em>hybrids as a link combining all taxons of the section.
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Uvarov, Pavel Yu. "Projects of the Gallican Church and the ‘Everyday Piety’ Reform on the Eve of the Wars of Religion." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, no. 2 (2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.2.025.
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During the so-called ‘Gallican crisis’ between 1551 and 1552, Pope Julius III accused the French king of preparing an ecclesiastical schism, while the possibility of establishing a French patriarchate was discussed in the royal council. Before long, however, the conflict gave way to a close alliance between the Pope and King Henry II. Was the ‘Gallican crisis’ just a tool of political pressure on Julius III? To what extent were the plans of the king and his entourage to reform the Gallican Church serious? The lack of sources can be filled, at least in part, by turning to the work by Raoul Spifame, a lawyer of the Paris Parliament, titled Dicaearchiae Henrici Regis Christianissimi Progymnasmata (1556). In its essence, it is a collection of rhetorical exercises in the field of jurisprudence written in the form of royal decrees designed to reform everything in the kingdom. Surprisingly, some of these fictional measures later would be actually implemented. The reason for the author’s ‘clairvoyance’ lies in his contacts with the secretaries of state who were then preparing large-scale reforms, which would eventually be cancelled due to the unexpected death of the king and the outbreak of the Wars of Religion. A considerable part of the decrees is devoted to plans of the reform of the Gallican Church: from the elevation of the Bishopric of Paris to the rank of an archdiocese to tightening control over the morals of prelates. This article pays special attention to how the Dicaearchiae regulated the elements of ‘everyday piety’ — the rituals of blessing of the bridal chamber, purification after childbirth, and belief in the existence of limb. A limitation of ‘luxury’ was also to be introduced: refusal of precious ecclesiastical ornaments, redundant bells, and a reduction in the number of holidays associated with the veneration of saints. Without abandoning the cult of saints, Spifame undertakes a reform of the ecclesiastical calendar and creates a sort of national martyrology of warriors who died for their homeland and ‘are venerated as saints without a canonisation’.
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Bechkri, Sara, Abdulmagid Alabdul Magid, Charlotte Sayagh, Djemaa Berrehal, Dominique Harakat, Laurence Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Zahia Kabouche, and Ahmed Kabouche. "Triterpene saponins from Silene gallica collected in North-Eastern Algeria." Phytochemistry 172 (April 2020): 112274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112274.
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Bailey, Lisa. "Building urban Christian communities: sermons on local saints in the Eusebius Gallicanus collection." Early Medieval Europe 12, no. 1 (April 28, 2004): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-9462.2003.00119.x.
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Kim, M. S., J. W. Hanna, and N. B. Klopfenstein. "First Report of an Armillaria Root Disease Pathogen, Armillaria gallica, Associated with Several New Hosts in Hawaii." Plant Disease 94, no. 12 (December 2010): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-10-0534.
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The loss and decline of native tree species caused by invasive plant pathogens is a major threat to the endangered endemic forests of the Hawaiian Islands (3). Thus, it is critical to characterize existing pathogens to evaluate potential invasiveness. In August 2005, rhizomorphs and mycelial bark fans of genet HI-4 were collected from dead/declining, mature trees of introduced Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) on the southern flank of Mauna Kea, Hawaii (approximately 19°42′55″N, 155°26′48″W, elevation 2,175 m). In March of 2008, three additional genets (HI-11, HI-13, and HI-16) were collected as rhizomorphs at a site named Pu'u La'au (west slope of the Mauna Kea Forest Reserve area, approximately 19°50′00″N, 155°35′35″W, elevation 2,275 to 2,550 m), approximately 20 km west-northwest of the HI-4 collection. These genets were collected from apparently healthy loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) that were introduced, apparently healthy māmane (Sophora chrysophylla; an endemic tree species of Hawaii), dead and dying māmane, and apparently healthy Methley plum (Prunus cerasifera × Prunus salicina) that was planted. All isolates were determined to have identical sequences in the intergenic spacer-1 rDNA region (GenBank Accession No. DQ995357). On the basis of somatic paring tests against North American Armillaria tester strains and 99% nucleotide sequence identities to GenBank Accession Nos. AY190245 and AY190246, these isolates were identified as Armillaria gallica. Past surveys have noted A. mellea sensu lato and A. nabsnona on numerous hosts in Hawaii, including māmane (3,4). However, to our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of A. gallica in Hawaii, where it was found on māmane, Monterey pine, loblolly pine, and Methley plum. A. gallica has been widely categorized as a beneficial saprophyte, an opportunistic pathogen, or an aggressive pathogen (2). A recent study suggests that A. gallica can be highly pathogenic in some areas of the eastern United States and it is an important component of forest decline (2), especially under increasing stressors such as climate change. The isolation of A. gallica from declining stands on both introduced and endemic hosts under drought conditions suggests this pathogen is a contributing factor to forest decline on the island of Hawaii. Because the māmane tree is an important component of the native forest stands and essential to the endangered palila bird (Loxioides bailleui), which feeds almost exclusively on its green seeds (1), continued monitoring of Armillaria root disease is warranted. References: (1) P. C. Banko et al. J. Chem. Ecol. 28:1393, 2002. (2) N. J. Brazee and R. L. Wick. For. Ecol. Manage. 258:1605, 2009. (3) R. E. Burgan and R. E. Nelson. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Rep. PSW-3, 1972. (4) J. W. Hanna et al. Plant Dis. 91:634, 2007.
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Pollheimer, Marianne. "Preaching Romanness in the early Middle Ages: the sermonDe litaniisfrom the Eusebius Gallicanus collection." Early Medieval Europe 22, no. 4 (October 8, 2014): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emed.12079.
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Hegazi, Ahmed G., Fayez M. Al Guthami, Mohamed F. A. Ramadan, Ahmed F. M. Al Gethami, A. Morrie Craig, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Inmaculada Rodríguez, and Salud Serrano. "The Bioactive Value of Tamarix gallica Honey from Different Geographical Origins." Insects 14, no. 4 (March 27, 2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14040319.
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This study was conducted to assess the bioactive value of Tamarix gallica honey samples collected from three countries. In total, 150 Tamarix gallica honey samples from Saudi Arabia (50), Libya (50), and Egypt (50) were collected and compared, based on the results of the melissopalynological analysis, their physicochemical attributes, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and biochemical properties, together with their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Depending on the geographical origin, we observed different levels of growth suppression for six resistant bacterial strains. The pathogenic microorganisms tested in this study were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was a strong correlation between the polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as significant (p < 0.05) radical scavenging activities. The melissopalynological analysis and physicochemical properties complied with the recommendation of the Gulf and Egyptian Technical Regulations on honey, as well as the Codex Alimentarius of the World Health Organization and the European Union Normative related to honey quality. It was concluded that Tamarix gallica honey from the three countries has the capacity to suppress pathogenic bacterial growth and has significant radical scavenging activities. Moreover, these findings suggest that Tamarix gallica honey may be considered as an interesting source of antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants for therapeutical and nutraceutical industries or for food manufacturers.
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MORENO, G., EL-HACÈNE SERAOUI, M. MEYER, and Á. LÓPEZ-VILLALBA. "A new species of Macbrideola on galls of Rosaceae." Phytotaxa 613, no. 2 (September 13, 2023): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.2.7.
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Macbrideola gallicola is described as a new species to science after studying specimens collected in France and Montenegro, fructifying on galls of Rosaceae. The new species can be distinguished by the loose and flexuous capillitium, the conspicuously, spiny spores, and by its habitat. Macro- and micrographs of the morphological characters are provided.
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Golubovych, Inna V., and Viktor L. Levchenko. "PARISIAN THEOLOGY, BROTHEHOOD OF FOTIY (PHOTIUS) AND NICHOLAY POLTORATSKY. MEANINGS AND SYMBOLS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 4 (2020): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2020-4-20-40.
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One of the bright and dramatic pages in the history of Parisian Orthodox Theology is the activity of the Fotiy`s Brotherhood (1925 (1923?) – 1980s). However, it has not yet been studied completely. The publication, which is based in particular on archival documents from the personal collection of Nicholay Poltoratsky’s family (1909–1990), who at a certain stage acted as the head of the secret society. Nicholay Poltoratsky returned to Homeland after the Second World War and ended up in Odessa, becoming a center of intellectual and spiritual attraction. Our task is to contribute to the reconstruction of the history of the Fotiy`s Brotherhood. That plot is very important for the history of the Russian religious and philosophical Renaissance. The Brotherhood at different times included A. Stavrovsky, V. Lossky, E. Kovalevsky, P. Kovalevsky, M. Kovalevsky, L. Uspensky, I. Lagovsky, G. Krug, A. Bloom and others. Members of the Brotherhood proposed the project of “Latin Rite Orthodoxy” with elements of the ancient Gallican rite. Such a project was implemented in several French parishes, of which some are still active now. The focus of the paper is on a theoretical analysis of the project to create an Orthodox religious order, connecting loyalty to the Orthodox tradition and an оrientation to the ancient Gallican liturgical rite of the Christian church before the time of schism.
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Nelson, E. V., M. L. Fairweather, S. M. Ashiglar, J. W. Hanna, and N. B. Klopfenstein. "First Report of the Armillaria Root Disease Pathogen, Armillaria gallica, on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in Arizona." Plant Disease 97, no. 12 (December 2013): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0450-pdn.
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In August 2010, a mycelial fan (isolate AZ32F) of Armillaria sp. was collected from the root collar of a living Douglas-fir tree on the Mogollon Rim within the Coconino National Forest (approximate location 34°25′31.26″N, 111°20′41.04″W, elevation 2,293 m) in central Arizona. Mycelial fans under the bark of living trees are a sign of pathogenicity, and symptoms of the diseased tree included resinosis, sloughing bark, and thinning crown. The infected tree was located on a south-facing slope with approximately 30% tree cover, dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), with lesser components of Douglas-fir and Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii). Based on three replications of somatic incompatibility tests against 24 tester isolates representing seven North American Armillaria spp., isolate AZ32F showed 100% intraspecific compatibility (colorless antagonism) with all four A. gallica isolates, 22% compatibility with A. calvescens, and 0% compatibility with the remaining Armillaria spp. Based on GenBank BLASTn of isolate AZ32F sequences, the partial LSU-IGS1 (GenBank Accession No. KF186682) showed 99 to 100% similarity to A. gallica and two other related Armillaria spp. with 99 to 100% coverage, and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (tef-1α) sequences (KC525954) showed 96% similarity to A. gallica (JF895844) with 100% coverage. Thus, isolate AZ32F was identified as A. gallica, based on somatic incompatibility tests and DNA sequences (partial LSU-IGS1 and tef-1α). Although the isolate is identified as A. gallica with similarities to other North American isolates, evidence is mounting that currently recognized A. gallica likely represents a species complex that comprises multiple phylogenetic species (4). Previous surveys in Arizona have noted A. mellea and A. solidipes (as A. ostoyae) (3), but A. gallica has never been previously confirmed in this state. Within North America, A. gallica is commonly reported east of the Rocky Mountains and in West Coast states of the United States, where it infects hardwoods and conifers including Douglas-fir (1,2). Its ecological behavior ranges from saprophyte to weak/aggressive pathogen (1,2). Because damage by A. gallica appears to increase on hosts predisposed by stress (1), further surveys are needed to document its distribution, frequency, and ecological behavior in the southwestern United States, where climate change will likely cause tree stress due to maladaptation. Continued surveys for Armillaria spp. will better determine their potential threat within the geologically and ecologically unique Mogollon Rim of Arizona. References: (1) K. Baumgartner and D. M. Rizzo. Plant Dis. 85:947, 2001. (2) N. J. Brazee and R. L. Wick. For. Ecol. Manage. 258:1605, 2009. (3) R. L. Gilbertson and D. M. Bigelow. J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 31:13, 1998. (4) M.-S. Kim et al. Phytopathology 102:S4.63, 2012.
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Klopfenstein, N. B., J. W. Hanna, P. G. Cannon, R. Medel-Ortiz, D. Alvarado-Rosales, F. Lorea-Hernández, R. D. Elías-Román, and M. S. Kim. "First Report of the Armillaria Root-Disease Pathogen, Armillaria gallica, Associated with Several Woody Hosts in Three States of Mexico." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (September 2014): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0349-pdn.
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In September 2007, rhizomorphs with morphological characteristics of Armillaria were collected from woody hosts in forests of Mexico State, Veracruz, and Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on pairing tests, isolates were assigned to five somatically compatible genets or clones (MEX7R, MEX11R, MEX23R, MEX28R, and MEX30R). These genets were all identified as Armillaria gallica based on somatic pairing tests against known tester isolates and nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α; GenBank Accession Nos. KF156772 to 76). Sequences of tef-1α for all genets showed a max identity of 97 to 99% to A. gallica (ST23, JF313125) (3,4). However, A. gallica comprises a genetically diverse complex that likely represents multiple cryptic species (3). In Mexico, this species has been previously reported in northeastern Morelos on Quercus sp., eastern Mexico State on Pinus hartwegii, and southwestern Mexico State on Prunus persica (1,2). This study identified associations with 10 new hosts within three states of Mexico, but only five hosts were diseased. Genet MEX7R comprised seven isolates collected in the University of Chapingo forest near Texcoco, Mexico State (19°18′10.764″ N, 98°42′14.147″ W, elevation 3441 m). Four MEX7R isolates were collected from diseased Alnus sp. including the root ball of a 130 cm dbh, root-disease killed tree, one isolate from a symptomless Senecio sp. s.l. (Roldana sp.) shrub and two isolates from symptomless Abies religiosa. Genet MEX11R comprised four isolates from a cloud forest near Xalapa, Veracruz (19°31′14.628″ N, 96°59′22.812″ W, elevation 1496 m). MEX11R isolates were collected from the roots of a root-disease killed Carpinus caroliniana, and from trees with no obvious symptoms (Miconia mexicana, Quercus xalapensis, and Liquidambar styraciflua). Two isolates of genet MEX23R were collected from the Jardin Botanico Francisco Javier Clavijero, Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz (19°30′49.067″ N, 96°56′32.999″ W, elevation 1344 m). These isolates were from root-diseased Eriobotrya japonica (non-native fruit tree) that showed obvious symptoms (flaccid, chlorotic, and senescing leaves) and from an adjacent, infected Platanus mexicana that did not show readily observable symptoms. Two collections near Oaxaca, Oaxaca, included a single isolate MEX28R from the root ball of a recently root disease-killed Arbutus xalapensis within a small root disease center at Peña Prieta, in Parque La Cumbre, near Ixtepeji (17°09′42.084″ N, 96°38′15.936″ W, elevation 2853 m) and a single isolate MEX30R from the base of an asymptomatic Alnus acuminata near the El Carrizal fish hatchery 10 km northeast of San Miguel del Valle (17°06′45.036″ N, 96°24′03.743″ W, elevation 2594 m). Armillaria gallica has a circumpolar distribution with an extremely wide host range, and its ecological behavior varies greatly. Continued surveys are needed to better understand the distribution and ecological impacts of this pathogen in relation to Armillaria root disease in Mexico and the potential influences of climate change. Although A. gallica displays diverse ecological behavior, trees infected with A. gallica are less likely to survive the stresses of human activity and a changing climate (4). References: (1) D. Alvarado-Rosales and R. A. Blanchette. Phytopathology 84:1106, 1994. (2) R. D. Elias-Roman et al. For. Pathol. 43:390, 2013. (3) M.-S. Kim et al. Phytopathology 102:S4.63, 2012. (4) B. Marcais and N. Breda. J. Ecol. 94:1214, 2006.
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Costa, Horácio. "Fernan Díaz, quem teve que esperar 800 anos para se casar, ou: Sobre desleituras históricas e revisões canônicas." Cadernos de Literatura Comparada, no. 43 (2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21832242/litcomp43a7.
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There are many poems of homoerotic bias/themes amongst the archive of the “cantigas de escárnio e mal-dizer”, which in general show traces of satire and/or disgust. Some characters of medieval Portugal are fo-cussed in series of such cantigas, composed by many Gallician and Portuguese troubadours. Cantiga 1479, collected at the Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional is by Aires Pérez Vuitoron and deals with some Fernan Días, who probably was a royal justice, who seems to have developed delusions of marrying someone of his own gender –to general scorn. It is studied in the fundamental edition of the “Cancioneiro Escarninho” (i.e., “Scornful Poetry Collection”) organized by Rodrigues Lapa (1965). The present essay adopts a critical eye on the necessity of reshaping and re-reading the unread in the literary canon of the Portuguese language. Such a critical stance considers that the construction of memory –including the literary one– coincides with the construction of citizenry.
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Ujvári, Barbara, Hubert Gantelet, and Tibor Magyar. "Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of key genes associated with Pasteurella multocida subspecies." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 34, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211063438.
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The ability to distinguish among the subspecies of Pasteurella multocida isolates is important epidemiologically; however, classification at the subspecies level based on the results of conventional biochemical tests (fermentation of sorbitol and dulcitol) is reportedly not accurate in all cases. Therefore, we developed a rapid, multiplex PCR assay to differentiate among the 3 subspecies of P. multocida. The PCR assay includes the P. multocida species–specific primers KMT1SP6 and KMT1T7 as an internal amplification control, with a newly designed gatD (galactitol-1-phosphate-5-dehydrogenase)-specific primer pair (unique for subsp. gallicida), and primers targeting a 16S rRNA gene region specific for subsp. septica. The subspecies specificity of the PCR was demonstrated by applying the test to a collection of 70 P. multocida isolates, including the Heddleston serovar reference strains; all isolates and strains were assigned correctly. The PCR assay is a sensitive, specific, and highly effective method for the identification of P. multocida subspecies, and an alternative to biochemical test–based differentiation. A possible relationship was noticed between P. multocida subspecies and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotype; all but one of the subsp. gallicida strains were isolated only from avian hosts and represented L1 LPS genotype. Subsp. multocida and subsp. septica isolates were classified into 5 and 4 different LPS genotypes, respectively, of which L3 was the only LPS genotype shared between these 2 subspecies.
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ELLIOT, MICHAEL D. "New Evidence for the Influence of Gallic Canon Law in Anglo-Saxon England." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 64, no. 4 (September 9, 2013): 700–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204691300153x.
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The importance of canon law collections to Anglo-Saxon legal culture has long been thought negligible, especially in comparison to the considerable importance of an alternative genre of canonical literature known as the penitential handbook. Over the past several decades, however, evidence for the use and circulation of continental canon law collections in pre-Conquest England has been mounting, to the extent that it could challenge traditional notions about the dominance of penitential law in the early English Church. This study presents new evidence for the reception in Anglo-Saxon England of a major continental collection known as theCollectio vetus Gallica.
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POLOVYNCHAK, Y. M., V. I. BONDARENKO, L. O. MATVIICHUK, and V. STRUNHAR. "Legal Resources of Historical and Cultural Heritage: Presentation in Library Collections and Their Popularization." University Library at a New Stage of Social Communications Development. Conference Proceedings, no. 7 (December 30, 2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/unilib/2022_270740.
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Objective: to substantiate the significance of historical documents of legal concern in digital library resources of historical and cultural heritage as an important component of cultural memory; to generalize modern approaches to improving the popularization of these library resources in the information space. The methods of systematic analysis of library databases of historical and cultural heritage have been used in the research, in particular, the V. I. Vernadsky National Library (Ukraine), World Digital Library, Europeana, Gallica, Bavarian State Library, etc. Results. The monuments of law as a component of historical and cultural heritage, which need to be popularized in the information space, given the scientific, educational, and ideological significance, have been studied. Conclusions. The resources of monuments of law testify to the longevity of historical development, the heredity of legal culture, and the involvement of Ukrainian political and legal thought in the European context. Digitization of such documents and their inclusion in digital collections expands user access to monuments of law and intensifies their circulation in the cultural information space. Effective work directions on the popularization of digital sources of historical and cultural heritage according to the results of the analysis of foreign experience are the use of mobile technologies and the representation of resources in social media.
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Lambert, David. "Christianity’s Quiet Success: The Eusebius Gallicanus Sermon Collection and the Power of the Church in Late Antique Gaul (review)." Catholic Historical Review 98, no. 4 (2012): 778–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0242.
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Joyce, Stephen. "Christianity’s Quiet Success: The Eusebius Gallicanus Sermon Collection and the Power of the Church in Late Antique Gaul (review)." Parergon 29, no. 1 (2012): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2012.0006.
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Gwynn, D. M. "Christianity's Quiet Success: The Eusebius Gallicanus Sermon Collection and the Power of the Church in Late Antique Gaul. By LISA KAAREN BAILEY." Journal of Theological Studies 62, no. 2 (September 3, 2011): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/flr112.
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Quinn, Dennis P. "Christianity's Quiet Success: The Eusebius Gallicanus Sermon Collection and the Power of the Church in Late Antique Gaul - By Lisa Kaaren Bailey." Religious Studies Review 37, no. 3 (September 2011): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2011.01538_9.x.
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Karasiński, Dariusz. "Polish resupinate Russulales: the genus Vararia." Acta Mycologica 45, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2010.007.
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The paper discusses three corticioid species of the genus <em>Vararia</em> P. Karst. Two species, <em>Vararia gallica</em> (Bourdot & Galzin) Boidin and <em>Vararia ochroleuca</em> (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk, are reported from Poland for the first time. The cosmopolitan species <em>Vararia investiens</em> P. Karst., previously known only from one Polish record, was rediscovered after over 100 years since the previous Polish collection. Macro- and micromorphological characters of the Polish collections are described and illustrated. The knowledge of their distribution and ecology is briefly summarized. A key to European members of the genus is given.
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Lochman, J., O. Šerý, L. Jankovský, and V. Mikes. "Discrimination of Czech Armillaria species based on PCR method and high performance liquid chromatography." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S31—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10316-pps.
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The genus Armillaria belongs to basidiomycetes and has been known to induce root rot disease and to cause extensive economic losses to a forest crop. We analysed about 40 isolates of Armillaria collected in Czech Republic by PCR and restriction analysis using gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange HPLC. Restrictase Hinf I was able to discriminate all investigated Armillaria species. The sensitivity and resolution of HPLC method was better than that performed by gel electrophoresis. HPLC was able to detect some heterozygous. The results prove the similarity of the species A. borealis, A. cepistipes, A. gallica, A. ostoyae in difference of A. mellea and A. tabescens.
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Tobin, William. "Full-text search capability: a new tool for researching the development of scientific language. The ‘Whirlpool Nebula’ as a case study." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 62, no. 2 (March 6, 2008): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2007.0040.
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Burgeoning numbers of books and periodicals from earlier centuries are becoming available in online databases such as the British Library Online Newspaper Archive, the Making of America collection, the Million Book Project, the Gallica Project, Google Book Search and the Royal Society's Digital Journal Archive. For those databases that offer it, full-text search capability provides the historian with a novel tool for researching the origin and development of scientific language. A case study is given concerning the adoption of the ‘whirlpool’ epithet for Messier 51 (the astronomical nebula in which the Third Earl of Rosse first discovered spiral structure in 1845). This illustrates the power of the tool but also reveals some limitations. In particular, access to originals is still often necessary. Unexpectedly, the astronomical appropriation of ‘whirlpool’ predates Rosse's discovery.
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Walle, Elisabeth. "Biblioteka cyfrowa Francja–Polska." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 17, no. 3 (December 28, 2023): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2023.811.
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Stemming from Gallica and enriched by contributions from partner institutions, the France-Poland digital library provides insight into the fascinating universe of multiple and multi-secular relations between the two countries. Over 4000 digitized objects are brought together on a single platform to bear witness to historical, artistic, scientific and literary relationships. The France-Poland Digital Library is composed of four major thematic groups, divided into smaller sections. Each of these are accompanied by articles both in French and Polish to contextualize historically and culturally the selected documents. Starting with the election of Henry of Valois to the Polish throne in 1573, it goes up to Charles de Gaulle’s memorable visit in 1967. Part of the Shared Heritage collection and ranking first in terms of visit, the project is continuously enriched with new content and sections and aims to develop new partnerships.
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Fellah, Ouroud, Samir Hameurlaine, Noureddine Gherraf, Amar Zellagui, Tahar Ali, Abdennabi Abidi, Muhammed Altun, Ibrahim Demirtas, and Ayse SahinYaglioglu. "Anti-proliferative activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Tamarix gallica L. grown at different climatic conditions in Algeria." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2018-0017.
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Abstract The aerial parts of T. gallica collected from three different locations (arid, humid and semi-arid) were extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extracts were subjected to phenolic appraisal and antiproliferative activity using ELISA and xCELLigence assays. The total phenolic and flavonoids were evaluated using appropriate techniques to give a yield of total phenolics ranging between 238.46 and 348.56 mg GAE (Gallic acid equivalent)/g dry weight extract. The flavonoids yield was found to vary from 36.6 to 103.14 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g dry weight extract. Moreover, the extracts were tested against rat brain tumor (C6) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines and displayed important differences in activity. These disparities highlighted the effect of climatic factors as quality determinants of secondary metabolites and therefore as a key control of the biological therapeutic effect.
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Żuraw, Beata, Aneta Sulborska, Ernest Stawiarz, and Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska. "Flowering biology and pollen production of four species of the genus Rosa L." Acta Agrobotanica 68, no. 3 (2015): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.031.
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Wild growing rose species are of great importance as a source of pollen for insects. Oil extracted from the petals of various <em>Rosa</em> species is used in perfumery, cosmetic industry, and therapeutics. In our study, we compared the flowering duration and flower lifespan, the number of stamens and pistils, the mass and size of pollen grains as well as the anatomical features of the petals of four <em>Rosa</em> species: <em>R. canina</em>, <em>R. ×damascena</em>, <em>R. gallica</em>, and <em>R. rugosa</em>. Moreover, we examined the pollen loads collected by bumblebees foraging on rose flowers in order to determine the attractiveness of pollen of this genus to insects. We showed the flower lifespan to vary (3.5–8 days) in the roses studied and revealed high variation in the number of stamens (82–260) and pistils (17–65) as well as in the mass of pollen produced. The flowers of <em>R. rugosa</em> produced the highest amount of pollen (26.7 mg per flower), while the flowers of <em>R. canina</em> the least (3.3 mg per flower), which is associated with differences in the number of stamens developed in the flowers between these species. The largest pollen grains were found in <em>R. </em>×<em>damascena</em> and <em>R. gallica</em>. We demonstrated that <em>R. ×damascena</em> produces the thickest petals and that scent-emitting papillae found on the adaxial surface of the petals differ in size and shape in the rose species investigated.
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Schnabel, G., K. E. Bussey, and P. K. Bryson. "First Report of Armillaria gallica Causing Armillaria Root Rot in Daylily in South Carolina." Plant Disease 89, no. 6 (June 2005): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0683a.
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Daylily (Hemerocallis sp.) plants declined in a homeowner's backyard in Walhalla, SC in June 2004. The backyard in northwestern South Carolina contained multiple, hardwood tree stumps, was surrounded by mature hardwood trees, and contained a dogwood tree showing symptoms of Armillaria root rot. Daylily plants were stunted and necrosis of leaves began at the leaf tips. A cross section through the crown of the wilting plants revealed necrotic areas with the presence of white mycelial fans. Rhizomorphs were found in the direct vicinity of the daylily root system, on the roots of the dogwood, and throughout surrounding soil. Diseased daylily crowns, rhizomorphs, and dogwood bark containing mycelial fans were collected. Small sections of white mycelial fans from daylily crowns and the dogwood sample were transferred to benomyl dichloran streptomycin (BDS) selective medium. Rhizomorph pieces were surface sterilized in a 0.6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min and rinsed with sterile water before being transferred to BDS selective medium. Fungal cultures from all three sources looked similar on BDS medium and developed mainly crustose mycelium with some parts being aerial. After 1 week of incubation at room temperature in the dark, all cultures developed nonmelanized, mycelial fans that initiated from the center of the colony. The nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and the intergenic spacer region 1 were identical for all isolates, and a BLAST search in GenBank of these sequences confirmed the identity of the pathogen as A. gallica (Marxmueller & Romagnesi) for both loci. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. gallica causing disease on Hemerocallis spp. Our findings indicate that daylilies might be at risk for infection and should not be cultivated in soils containing rhizomorphs from pathogenic Armillaria species.
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EDELSTEIN, DAN. "INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AND DIGITAL HUMANITIES." Modern Intellectual History 13, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000833.
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The digital age has been a boon for intellectual historians, particularly those of us who work on early modern Europe and America. The mass digitization of old books has made research more efficient than ever: first editions are there for the downloading on Google Books, Gallica, Liberty Fund, Project Gutenberg, and elsewhere. The creation of such large-scale databases as Early English Books Online (EEBO), Eighteenth-Century Collection Online (ECCO), the Making of the Modern World (formerly Goldsmiths’–Kress), or, on a more modest level, the ARTFL project's FRANTEXT, has also breathed new life into old texts. Books that lay forgotten for generations can now be rediscovered thanks to the magic of search engines. To be sure, this power has not always been wielded for good: students today can “cite anything, but construe nothing,” stringing together KWICs (keywords in context), and reading only a surrounding sentence or two (if that). But however they are used, these tools and platforms have transformed our daily work habits.
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Marčiulynas, Adas, Diana Marčiulynienė, Jūratė Lynikienė, Artūras Gedminas, Miglė Vaičiukynė, and Audrius Menkis. "Fungi and Oomycetes in the Irrigation Water of Forest Nurseries." Forests 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040459.
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The aim of the present study was to assess fungal and oomycete communities in the irrigation water of forest nurseries, focusing on plant pathogens in the hope of getting a better understanding of potential pathogenic microorganisms and spreading routes in forest nurseries. The study sites were at Anykščiai, Dubrava, Kretinga and Trakai state forest nurseries in Lithuania. For the collection of microbial samples, at each nursery five 100-L water samples were collected from the irrigation ponds and filtered. Following DNA isolation from the irrigation water filtrate samples, these were individually amplified using ITS rDNA as a marker and subjected to PacBio high-throughput sequencing. Clustering in the SCATA pipeline and the taxonomic classification of 24,006 high-quality reads showed the presence of 1286 non-singleton taxa. Among those, 895 were representing fungi and oomycetes. The detected fungi were 57.3% Ascomycota, 38.1% Basidiomycota, 3.1% Chytridiomycota, 0.8% Mucoromycota and 0.7% Oomycota. The most common fungi were Malassezia restricta E. Guého, J. Guillot & Midgley (20.1% of all high-quality fungal sequences), Pezizella discreta (P. Karst.) Dennis (10.8%) and Epicoccum nigrum Link (4.9%). The most common oomycetes were Phytopythium cf. citrinum (B. Paul) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque (0.4%), Phytophthora gallica T. Jung & J. Nechwatal (0.05%) and Peronospora sp. 4248_322 (0.05%). The results demonstrated that the irrigation water used by forest nurseries was inhabited by a species-rich but largely site-specific communities of fungi. Plant pathogens were relatively rare, but, under suitable conditions, these can develop rapidly, spread efficiently through the irrigation system and be a threat to the production of high-quality tree seedlings.
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Silva, Circe Mary Silva. "Experimental Geometry, Pythagorean Theorem and Montessori." Acta Scientiae 24, no. 8 (March 27, 2023): 376–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/acta.scientiae.7023.
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Background: Some 19th and 20th-century geometry textbooks show methodological innovations in relation to the traditional books that followed Euclid's logical-deductive proposal. Objective: To analyse in the book Psico Geometria: el estúdio de la geometria basado en la psicologia infantil by Maria Montessori (1934) as the didactic approach of the Pythagorean theorem, proposed by her, fits into an experimental geometry perspective. Design: Using documentary analysis, we analysed the books of the following authors: Hoüel (1867), Méray (1874), Laisant (1898, 1906), Calkins (1861), Bert (1886), Prestes (1895), Lyra da Silva (1923), Wentworth and Hill (1901) and Montessori (1916, 1934) to understand the approach to teaching geometry.Environment and participants:The research sources collected in the National Library of France (BNF) and in the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Digital Repository refer to the geographic environment of authors from four countries Data collection and analysis: The selected and analysed documents can be found at BNF – Gallica in a digitized version, as well as at the UFSC Digital Repository. Based on the documentary analysis of these books, we found that the methodological proposals seek to escape from a deductive presentation of elementary geometry and include in their texts experiences for the introduction of concepts and visual demonstrations of elementary geometry. Results: The authors of the analysed works, from different countries, criticized the elementary teaching of geometry, especially the authors of textbooks, for the fact that they approach deductive geometry in the initial classes, favouring a deductive presentation of mathematics. Montessori's book shows an experimental geometry proposal for the Pythagorean theorem. Conclusion: We found that Montessori's proposal, besides presenting characteristics of an experimental geometry, also inserts some deductive reasoning.
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KOS, KATARINA, STANISLAV TRDAN, ANDJELJKO PETROVIĆ, PETR STARÝ, NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS, OLIVERA PETROVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ, and ŽELJKO TOMANOVIĆ. "Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from Slovenia, with descrip-tion of a new Aphidius species." Zootaxa 3456, no. 1 (September 6, 2012): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3456.1.2.
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Over the period 2006–2010, 40 species of primary parasitoids belonging to eleven genera were found and reared from 50 species of host aphids, from a total of 106 host plants collected from 62 localities all around Slovenia. Over 230 tritrophic associations have been reviewed, including four associations which are reported for the first time; Ephedrus plagiator/ Staticobium limonii/ Limonium angustifolium, Praon necans/ Staticobium limonii/ Limonium angustifolium, Aphidius sussi/Delphinobium sp./Aconitum maximum and Ephedrus persicae/Brachyunguis tamaricis/ Tamarix gallica. The parasitoid species from Slovenia have been grouped in seven faunal complexes according to their origin, e.g. 11 species from European deciduous forest, 3 species from Far Eastern deciduous forest, 20 species from Eurasian Steppes, 1 Mediterranean species, 2 species from Holarctic Forest Tundra, 2 species from Boreal Europe, and 1 Nearctic species. Also, a new aphid parasitoid species Aphidius staticobii sp.n. Tomanović and Petrović has been described from the association Staticobium limonii/ Limonium angustifolium.
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Fellah, Ouroud, Samir Hameurlaine, Mohamed Djermane, Wafa Tahar, Muhammed Altun, Noureddine Gherraf, Amar Zellagui, et al. "Water Extract of Tamarix gallica L. as effective Agents against C6 and HeLa tumor cell lines." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2019-0015.
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Abstract The aerial parts of Tamarix gallica L. taken from three different climatic stages in Algeria (Oum El Bouaghi: Semi-arid, ElTaref: Humid, and Ouargla: Arid) were extracted using boiling distilled water. The crude extracts were subjected to total phenolics and flavonoids quantifications in addition to anti-proliferative assessment against two tumor cell lines namely rat brain tumor (C6) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) using BrdU (bromo-deoxyuridine) ELISA(Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay) and xCELLigence assay. The total phenolics yield was found to range between 16.14 and 39.32 mg GAE (Gallic acid equivalent)/g of extract and a flavonoids yield ranging between 16.51 and 20.35 mg QE(quercetin equivalent)/g of extract. The various phenolics were identified using HPLC-TOF/MS to highlight hesperidin and rosmarinic Acid as major components. Moreover, the extracts exhibited different levels of antitumor potency against C6 and HeLa cell lines depending upon the climatic stage and the concentration. A good cytotoxic effect was recorded with the species collected from the humid region at 250 μg/mL. On the contrary, the other extracts revealed a weak activity for both tests.
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Nelson, Allan D., Turner Cotton, Sarah Brown, Paige Cowley, and Sara Harsley. "The flora of Erath County, Texas, U.S.A." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 15, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 715–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1169.
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Knowledge of county floras in Texas is crucial for determining species composition, management, preservation, and restoration across the state. Like most Texas counties, floristic data for Erath County, Texas, is poorly known. The objectives of this investigation were to compile a flora for Erath County, determine the intro-duced, endemic, threatened, and endangered species, as well as make comparisons to the county’s original flora and that of the North Central Texas region. Field work was conducted from September 2003 to December 2009 at 35 sites in Erath County. In addition herbaria were searched to locate specimens from Erath County. A total of 870 species (888 taxa) were identified in 103 families. One hundred forty-four taxa were introduced while 744 taxa were native. Eighteen of the species are Texas endemics. There were two rare plants, Dalea reverchonii and Penstemon guadalupensis, but no threatened or endangered plants were found during the inves-tigation. Four state-listed noxious species were collected during the investigation—Arundo donax (giant reed), Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed), Tamarix chinensis, and T. gallica (salt-cedars).
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Brazee, Nicholas J., and Robert L. Wick. "Armillaria species distribution and site relationships in Pinus- and Tsuga-dominated forests in Massachusetts." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 7 (July 2011): 1477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-076.
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The primary objective of this study was to determine the composition of Armillaria species in northeastern North American Pinus - and Tsuga -dominated forests. This was accomplished by sampling 32 plots at eight sites within pitch pine ( Pinus rigida Mill.), eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.), eastern white pine – mixed oak, and eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) forests. In total, 320 isolates were collected from 19 host tree species, with 207 of 320 (65%) of all isolations coming from Pinus and Tsuga. Armillaria solidipes Peck was the most abundant species, making up 188 of 320 (59%) of all isolations, which included 39 isolations from hardwoods. Meanwhile, Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. was collected a total of 27 times from eastern white and pitch pine. These two Armillaria species co-occurred at five of the eight sites sampled. Chi-square analyses showed that incidence of Armillaria species were significantly different by forest type. Pitch pine forests had a higher incidence of A. solidipes (p < 0.001), eastern white pine forests had a higher incidence of A. mellea (p = 0.001), and eastern hemlock forests had a higher incidence of Armillaria gallica Marxm. & Romagn. (p = 0.002) compared with expected values. The distribution of A. solidipes varied significantly by soil drainage and soil type, with a higher incidence on excessively drained (p < 0.001) and loamy sand (p < 0.001) soils.
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Dröse, William, Luciana Regina Podgaiski, Adriano Cavalleri, Rodrigo Machado Feitosa, and Milton Mendonça Jr. "Ground-Dwelling and Vegetation Ant Fauna in Southern Brazilian Grasslands." Sociobiology 64, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v64i4.1795.
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Non-forest ecosystems, as natural grasslands from Southern Brazil, are still neglected in conservation policies. Measuring their biodiversity is one of the main steps to generate management strategies for these habitats. This study aims to (i) describe grassland ant richness and composition in Rio Grande do Sul state, and (ii) compare ant communities sampled on the ground and in grassland vegetation, adding to our knowledge of habitat use patterns and vegetation associated species. Six sites were sampled, three belonging to the Pampa biome and three in highland region from the Atlantic Forest biome. Ant fauna was collected once per year in summer during four years in each site with pitfalls traps and sweeping nets. Overall, 29,812 ant individuals were sampled belonging to eight subfamilies, 30 genera e 106 species. The grasslands of Pampa accumulated 91 species and 45 exclusive species, while highland grasslands summed up 61 species and only 15 exclusive species. Species composition differs between biomes as well as between sampling methods. Ant communities sampled from vegetation represented a clear subset of the fauna sampled with pitfall traps, and indication analysis showed only two species associated with this stratum: Myrmelachista gallicola and Pseudomyrmex nr. flavidulus. This study highlights the importance of Southern Brazilian grasslands and the need for specific conservation strategies for the natural grasslands from each biome.
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Frontz, T. M., D. D. Davis, B. A. Bunyard, and D. J. Royse. "Identification of Armillaria species isolated from bigtooth aspen based on rDNA RFLP analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x97-197.
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Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) of the intergenic region (IGR-1) between the 3 ' end of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene and the 5 ' end of the 5S rRNA gene was used to identify 39 isolates of Armillaria species collected from live or recently dead bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) trees and sucker sprouts in the Tioga State Forest, Pennsylvania. The unknown isolates were identified by comparing their restriction fragment patterns with 18 isolates of known Armillaria species common to the northeastern United States. Twenty of the unknown isolates (50%) were identified as either Armillaria gallica or Armillaria calvescens. Eighteen (46%) of the isolates were identified as Armillaria ostoyae. One isolate of Armillaria sinapina was obtained from a recently dead aspen tree. One isolate of Armillaria mellea, considered to be the most divergent of the Armillaria species, was obtained from basidiomes fruiting on a recently dead aspen tree near Berwick, Pennsylvania. In some instances, amplification of DNA was possible by adding mycelial scrapes directly to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mix, thus precluding the need for DNA extraction. Advancements in RFLP analysis may offer a method able to provide rapid and precise identification of most North American and European Armillaria isolates.
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Oszako, Tomasz, Katarzyna Sikora, Lassaâd Belbahri, and Justyna A. Nowakowska. "Molecular detection of oomycetes species in water courses." Folia Forestalia Polonica 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2016-0028.
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Abstract In Poland, about 20% of forest nurseries use irrigation water coming from natural superficial reservoirs, presumed to be the first source of infection caused by harmful pathogens belonging to the Oomycota class, especially Phytophthora genus and Pythium genus. The forest nursery is the only place where forest managers can react before pathogens leave it with asymptomatic plants or soil attached to their roots. The aim of this research was detection and identification phytopathogens in water samples. In order to recognise genus Phytophthora or Pythium in water collected from 33 places in five different forest districts in Poland, two DNA-based approaches of identification were applied: (i) the TaqMan probes, and (ii) sequencing of the ITS6/4 region. The genomic DNA was obtained from 17 of 33 investigated water samples. TaqMan probes helped to identify 8 oomycetes present in 17 water samples. Based on ITS rDNA sequencing data, pathogens were identified in 17 cases, and this to the genus level (6 cases) and to the species level (11 cases). In total five Oomycetes species were identified, i.e. 3 Pythium species (Py. citrinum, Py. angustatum, Py. helicoides) and two Phytophthora species (P. lacustris sp. nov. - former taxon Salixsoil, P. gallica sp. nov.).
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Jacobs, Karel. "The Potential Of Mulch To Transmit Three Tree Pathogens." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2005.030.
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Field transmission of Sphaeropsis tip blight, Botryos-phaeria canker, and Armillaria root rot was evaluated in a 6-year study of 30 saplings each of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis), and red oak (Quercus rubra) mulched with diseased needles, bark chips, and wood chips collected from mature trees. Half of the saplings were mulched with fresh mulch materials; half with materials first heated to 60°C (140°F). Sphaeropsis tip blight was the only disease that developed during the study, and pines mulched with heat-treated materials developed significantly fewer (P 0.001) blighted tips than those mulched with fresh materials (6.8% versus 15.1%). Naturally occurring inoculum of S. sapinea and B. ribis were highly tolerant of heat in laboratory tests and remained viable after 6 weeks and 48 h exposure, respectively, to 55°C (131°F). Armillaria gallica mycelium and rhizomorphs did not withstand temperatures above 35°C (95°F) and 37°C (98.6°F), respectively. The heated mulch treatment was associated with a significant (P 0.001) growth boost in redbuds and oaks during the first two growing seasons. Redbuds averaged two times more height and diameter increment than plants mulched with fresh bark and wood chips. Heating diseased mulch to 60°C (140°F) diminished the threat of tip blight transmission and likely killed all forms of the pathogens.
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Prodorutti, D., T. Vanblaere, D. Gobbin, A. Pellegrini, C. Gessler, and I. Pertot. "Genetic Diversity of Armillaria spp. Infecting Highbush Blueberry in Northern Italy (Trentino Region)." Phytopathology® 99, no. 6 (June 2009): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-6-0651.
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Armillaria spp. are the causal agents of root rots of several woody plants, including highbush blueberry. Since 2003, highbush blueberry plants infected by Armillaria spp. have been found in Valsugana Valley, Trentino region, northern Italy. Our aim was to identify the Armillaria spp. involved in these infections, as well as possible sources of inoculum in blueberry fields. Samples of Armillaria spp. were collected from diseased blueberry plants in 13 infected blueberry fields, from bark spread along the blueberry rows, from infected trees in the vicinity of the fields, and from four forest locations. The identification of Armillaria spp. was accomplished using a species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction method and by sequencing the rDNA at a specific locus. The differentiation between genotypes was performed by using simple-sequence repeat analysis. Armillaria mellea and A. gallica were the most frequently observed species infecting blueberry in the Valsugana Valley. Three to eight Armillaria genotypes were identified in each blueberry field. No individual genotypes were found in more than one blueberry field. Two-thirds of the genotypes found colonizing trees in the immediate vicinity of infected fields and two-thirds of the genotypes found colonizing the bark spread in blueberry rows were also isolated from blueberry plants in the field, indicating that bark used as mulch and infected trees surrounding the fields may be important sources of inoculum.
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McLaughlin, J. A. "Distribution, hosts, and site relationships of Armillaria spp. in central and southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-084.
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This study investigated the species, geographic distribution, host range, site relationships, and impacts of Armillaria in central and southern Ontario. Rhizomorphs and infected wood samples were collected at 110 of 111 sites. Six species were identified by polymerase chain reaction or diploidhaploid pairings. Armillaria gallica Marxmuller & Romagn. was most commonly isolated and had the broadest host range. It was seldom isolated from conifers but often from oaks. It was the species most often found on moist sites and showed strong preference for calcareous soils. Armillaria calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault was rarely isolated from conifers but often from maples, where it commonly caused butt rot. It was found most often on coarse loamy or fine, well-drained, fresh sites. Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink. had the second broadest host range. It was seldom found on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) but dominated on conifers, especially on dryfresh, rapidly drained sandy to coarse loamy sites. It was not found on sites with finer soils. Armillaria sinapina Bérubé & Dessureault and Armillaria gemina Bérubé & Dessureault were found in more northerly parts of the study area on noncalcareous sites. Armillaria sinapina often caused butt rot and was often found on poorly drained sites. Armillaria gemina was found only on hardwoods. Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer s.st. was found on dead hardwoods at four locations.
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Jones, Allen E. "Christianity's Quiet Success: The Eusebius Gallicanus Sermon Collection and the Power of the Church in Late Antique Gaul. By Lisa Kaaren Bailey. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2010. x + 278 pp. $34.00 paper." Church History 81, no. 1 (March 2012): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964071200008x.
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Uddin, Mohammad Zashim, Md Golam Kibria, and Md Abul Hassan. "Assessment Of Angiosperm Plant Diversity Of Nijhum Dweep, Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 41, no. 1 (June 16, 2015): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v41i1.46068.
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The present article focuses the status of angiosperm plant diversity of Nijhum Dweep, a small Island in the Bay of Bengal close to Hatiya channel. From the analysis of the data a total of 152 plant species belonging to 56 families has been recorded. Among the recorded species, tree is represented by 66, shrub by 15, herbs by 58 and 13 by climbers. Of the species recorded from the area 51% species represented by 11 families and 49% represented by 45 families. Fabaceae appears to be largest in the Dicotyledones having 10 species whereas Poaceae is the largest in Monocotyledones having 12 species. Analysis confirmed that 68% of the recorded species found to be medicinal and 32% are used for other than medicinal purposes. Data analysis also showed that homesteads supported maximum plants followed by road side, cultivated land, mangrove and mangrove meadows. Collected data revealed that the occurrence of seven species namely Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Diospyros blancoi, Derris trifoliata, Heliotropium curassavicum, Tamarix gallica, Typha elephentanea and Sarcolobus carinatus in the study area might be rare. Dolichandrone spathacea, a threatened of plant species of Bangladesh, was also found in this mangrove forest area. Through observations and discussion with local people, a number of threats to plant diversity have been identified. Finally, a number of possible conservation measures have been suggested for the management of angiosperm plant diversity of Nijhum Dweep.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 19-32, June 2015
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Riit, Taavi, Michelle Cleary, Kalev Adamson, Mimmi Blomquist, Daiva Burokienė, Diana Marčiulynienė, Jonàs Oliva, et al. "Oomycete Soil Diversity Associated with Betula and Alnus in Forests and Urban Settings in the Nordic–Baltic Region." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2023): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9090926.
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This study aimed to determine the differences and drivers of oomycete diversity and community composition in alder- and birch-dominated park and natural forest soils of the Fennoscandian and Baltic countries of Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden. For this, we sequenced libraries of PCR products generated from the DNA of 111 soil samples collected across a climate gradient using oomycete-specific primers on a PacBio high-throughput sequencing platform. We found that oomycete communities are most affected by temperature seasonality, annual mean temperature, and mean temperature of the warmest quarter. Differences in composition were partly explained by the higher diversity of Saprolegniales in Sweden and Norway, as both total oomycete and Saprolegniales richness decreased significantly at higher longitudes, potentially indicating the preference of this group of oomycetes for a more temperate maritime climate. None of the evaluated climatic variables significantly affected the richness of Pythiales or Peronosporales. Interestingly, the relative abundance and richness of Pythiales was higher at urban sites compared to forest sites, whereas the opposite was true for Saprolegniales. Additionally, this is the first report of Phytophthora gallica and P. plurivora in Estonia. Our results indicate that the composition of oomycetes in soils is strongly influenced by climatic factors, and, therefore, changes in climate conditions associated with global warming may have the potential to significantly alter the distribution range of these microbes, which comprise many important pathogens of plants.