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1
Cavins, Kathryn M. Palmer James C. "Collaborative attempts to structure community into two institutions of mass higher education." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3065873.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2001.Title from title page screen, viewed April 11, 2006. Dissertation Committee: James Palmer (chair), Dianne Ashby, Paul Baker, William Tolone. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-137) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Hutchison-Krupat, Jeremy. "Resource allocation, incentives and organizational structure for collaborative, cross-functional new product development." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42831.
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This thesis addresses important operational aspects relating to fundamental components of any successfully executed NPD strategy: the processes, incentives and structure of decision rights that should be implemented given the objectives and capabilities of the firm. The first chapter outlines when a firm might prefer to compensate members of a NPD project team either, as individuals (e.g. based on their functional contribution to overall value) or as a team (e.g. based on the overall profit generated). We find that neither team nor individual based compensation is preferred for all types of projects. Specifically, when there is higher uncertainty, the firm can benefit by employing team-based compensation. We discuss the implications of our findings towards the firm's ability to pursue different types of projects. In Chapter 3, we look at the strategic resource allocation processes that are employed by firms in order to decide whether NPD initiatives get funded or not. We find that there is not a "one size fits all" resource allocation process that all firms should employ. Furthermore,we extend this finding by further by providing a rationale explaining why even a single firm could benefit by employing multiple processes internal to the firm. Finally, in Chapter 4, we empirically explore how key managerial levers of the firm (i.e. incentives, tolerance for failure, and project management structure) affect an individual's propensity to invest in a project. Our analysis brings forth several under-explored and novel aspects. We examine how multiple managerial levers work in concert with one another (revealing interactions that, to our knowledge, have not been exposed). We also recognize an important aspect of most (if not all) NPD contexts: the probability of success is strongly tied to the level of resources that are invested.
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Sandford, Arava. "Proposition d’une méthode de conception et de gestion de structures collaboratives inter-filiales : Application à la création d’offres innovantes pour les territoires de demain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESAE030.
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De nos jours, les villes et territoires sont confrontés aux enjeux de la transition énergétique et écologique dû à la concentration croissante de la population dans les zones urbaines. Pour répondre à ces défis, le concept de smart city repose sur l’utilisation des technologies du numérique pour repenser l’aménagement urbain et optimiser son fonctionnement. La smart city trouve pleinement son potentiel dans l’interconnexion des différentes fonctions de la ville ; mobilité et transport, infrastructures et bâtiments, efficacité énergétique, gestion de l’eau et des déchets ou encore la sécurité par exemple. Par conséquent, les entreprises doivent collaborer et s’organiser sous forme de consortium pour proposer des offres complètes et clés en main de villes et territoires intelligents aux collectivités publiques.Pour les groupes d’entreprises diversifiés, le développement de synergies internes leur permettrait de proposer ces offres de manière plus optimale, grâce à la combinaison des ressources et compétences de leurs filiales opérant dans divers secteurs d’activités. Cependant la littérature manque d’outils et méthodes permettant d’accompagner les groupes d’entreprises dans la mise en place de telles synergies.Ainsi, l’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est d’aider les groupes d’entreprises à initier et gérer des collaborations internes pour développer des offres complètes et innovantes. Cet objectif permet de répondre à la problématique de recherche suivante : comment optimiser les collaborations inter-filiales dans un groupe d’entreprises diversifié ? En se basant sur les contributions existantes sur les collaborations multipartenaires, notre proposition de réponse à cette problématique porte sur la création de structures de collaborations inter-filiales.L’apport principal de cette thèse est la formalisation d’une méthode de conception et de gestion de structures de collaboration inter-filiales pour favoriser l’innovation au sein de groupes d’entreprises diversifiés : la méthode CROSS. Une démarche de recherche-action a été adoptée pour développer cette méthode structurée en 2 grandes phases : la création d’une structure de collaboration inter-filiales, permettant d’aligner les parties prenantes sur des objectifs communs, et la gestion de cette structure, pour piloter les différentes missions de la structure. Les apports de ces travaux de recherche sont démontrés au travers de deux implémentations de la méthode CROSS pour des projets industriels concrets au sein d’un groupe d’entreprises diversifié françaisNowadays, due to the densification of population in urban areas, cities and territories are facing energy and environmental challenges. The smart city concept aspires to meet these challenges, relying on the use of digital technologies to improve operations across the city. The smart city concept finds its full potential in the interconnexion and interactivity of urban operations and services: transportation system, utilities and buildings, waste, water and energy management and crime detection for example. Therefore, companies must collaborate, through alliances, to offer complete solutions to public authorities.For diversified business groups – which have multiple subsidiaries operating in various industrial sectors – a better way to offer complete solutions to public authorities would be to develop internal synergies to combine its subsidiaries’ resources and competencies. However, the literature lacks methods and tools to support business groups in the initiation of such synergies.Thus, the objective of this PhD thesis is to help business groups to initiate and manage internal collaborations for the development of complete and innovative solutions for nowadays’ urban challenges. More precisely, this thesis answers the following question: how to optimize cross-subsidiary collaboration in diversified business groups? Based on existing contributions on multi-partner collaborations, we focused our work on the creation of cross-subsidiary collaborative structures.The main contribution of this work is the formalization of a cross-subsidiary collaborative structure’s design and management method: the CROSS method. An action-research approach was used to develop this method, which is structured in two phases: the creation of a cross-subsidiary collaborative structure, through the alignment of the stakeholders on common goals, and the management of this structure. The contributions of this thesis are demonstrated through two experimentations of the CROSS method in a French diversified business group
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Cooper, Tracy Lee. "Exploring a Disaster Management Network in the Caribbean: Structure, Member Relations, Member Roles, and Leadership Styles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77273.
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This study examined the dynamics of an inter-organizational national disaster management organization (NDO) in the Caribbean. It sought to provide a better understanding of network structure, functions, and member relations, which provided a foundation for understanding member roles and leadership styles. This dissertation's primary research question was: How do members participate in the national disaster management network in the Caribbean?
In personal interviews, network members identified the NDO as a semi-open network system, incorporating both hierarchical and collaborative characteristics. This analysis argued the network constitutes a dynamic system that shifts its governance structure to adapt to circumstances confronted during the disaster management cycle. This study also found network structure affects member positions and those views reciprocally affect how the NDO is organized. One participant clearly claimed a central network position and served as "network broker," while several other members formed two high density groups within the NDO.
Network members played a range of formal and informal roles in the collaboration, including coach and coordinator. The central NDO member played several primary roles: fundraiser, change agent, manager, and informer. This analysis also suggested leadership styles shaped the network's hybrid governance structure: some members employed a directive or delegative style, while others relied upon a participatory approach. This mix of styles underscored the importance of shared leadership in a disaster context.
The Saint Lucia government has endeavored to engage citizens in disaster management planning through an extensive NDO committee structure. This study yielded insights into that decentralized decision-making structure and process. The NDO, as a public policy network, has served as a "new governance" form of government action. At the national level, non-governmental organizations have used the structure to work to frame disaster management issues, while citizens active at the grassroots levels have participated in the nation's disaster preparedness and response planning processes. This new governance mechanism may be deemed participatory but not yet representative democracy. Overall, however, Saint Lucia's networked and engaged approach to disaster response and mitigation has encouraged deeper mutual awareness of shared challenges among government units, participating third sector organizations, for-profit entities, and the nation's citizens.Ph. D.
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Porter, Gregory Lee. "Inquiry into Introductory Chemistry Lab Group Dynamics: Student Collaborative Behavior Based on Structure of Laboratory Curriculum." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321919.
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Baudin, Mathieu. "Piloter la Complexité : Utilisation de DSM et de l'algèbre d'intervalles d'Allen pour la planification collaborative." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0027/document.
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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie de pilotage d'organisations complexes, ens'intéressant à de nouvelles méthodes de planification collaborative et d'optimisation d'interventions en environnements soumis à des rayonnements ionisants. En nous basant sur l'étude d'installations scientifiques et technologiques complexes tels que celles du CERN à Genève (Suisse) et de la GSI à Darmstadt (Allemagne), nous y analysons les besoins et contraintes de planification imposés par les environnements à risques en général, et par lesrayonnements ionisants en particulier. Les implications liées à la collaboration sont ensuite détaillées, et un modèle ontologique d'intervention est proposé afin de sélectionner les méthodes les plus adaptées au problème étudié. La méthode proposée dans cette thèse repose sur des techniques éprouvées en planification de projets ainsi qu'en conception de produits comme la Design Structure Matrix (DSM). Elle introduit en revanche dans ces domaines des méthodes habituellement rencontrées en intelligence artificielle : les algèbres temporelles qualitatives et la propagation des contraintes temporelles, ainsi que la recherche de compromis en cas de conflit. Cette « DSM Collaborative » a été implémentée dans une application prototype testée sur des cas pratiques au CERN et à la GSI, dont le premier est décrit dans l'ultime chapitre de cette thèse. C'est une approche qui place la ressource(essentiellement humaine) et les contraintes temporelles au coeur du processus de planification. Elle met l'accent sur la collaboration entre les différents participants, ainsi que sur la simulation et la comparaison multicritère de multiples scenarii plutôt que sur la recherche d'un unique optimum souvent irréalisable sur le plan pratiqueThis work proposes a methodology to handle complexity in organizations byfocusing on innovative and collaborative planning and scheduling methods dedicated to the optimization of interventions in environments emitting ionizing radiations. By taking as work environment highly complex and technological scientific facilities such as the ones of CERN in Geneva (Switzerland) and GSI in Darmstadt (Germany), we analyze the needs and requirements induced in intervention planning and scheduling by hazardous environments in general, and then more specifically by ionizing radiations. The implications of collaborative work are then scrutinized, and an ontological model for interventions is designed in order to select the methods best suited to our problem. The framework we present in this work relies on methods sucessfully used in project planning and scheduling and innovative product design like the Design Structure Matrix (DSM). It also introduces in these fields methods borrowed to artificial intelligence planning and scheduling such as the temporal qualitative algebras, constraint propagation, and the search of compromises in case of conflicts. This so called “Collaborative DSM” has been implemented in a prototype software application tested at CERN and GSI on practical applications. The very first one and its results are presented in the final chapter of this thesis. This framework aims at placing resources (mostly human resources) and temporal constraints at the heart of the planning and scheduling process. It focuses on collaboration between the different actors involved, from coordinators to technicians, and on simulation and multiple-criteria comparison of several scenarios, rather than searching for a unique optimum, which often tends to be non-practical, should one even be found
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Love, Deondela. "Department Structure and Leadership Functions for Advanced Practice Providers." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5747.
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Department structure and leadership functions can influence work climate. In one healthcare system, advanced practice providers (APPs) worked in a decentralized structure with multiple leaders. This project explored the impact of the change to centralized leadership for APPs working in an academic healthcare system in which employee turnover was high and satisfaction was low. An ad hoc committee led by the chief medical officer created a centralized department with a designated leader. Surveys and interviews were used to identify the benefits of the strategies implemented and understand whether the change in organizational structure resulted in an improved work climate for APPs in the large multicampus academic healthcare system,. Data were collected from departmental reports, 12 APP interviews, and 2 online surveys with a total of 73 responses. Results showed that centralization improved leadership support and communication with APPs within the system by 11.4%. Feedback from APPs indicated the physicians maximized APPs' expertise and licensure, thus creating a supportive work climate and environment, professional growth, and job satisfaction. With the implementation of the centralized department in 2014, the turnover rate dropped from 20.47% in 2013 to 6.1% in 2016 resulting in positive social change for APPs, providers, and patients.
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Chatterjee, Kasturi. "A generalized multidimensional index structure for multimedia data to support content-based similarity searches in a collaborative search environment." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2114.
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Since multimedia data, such as images and videos, are way more expressive and informative than ordinary text-based data, people find it more attractive to communicate and express with them. Additionally, with the rising popularity of social networking tools such as Facebook and Twitter, multimedia information retrieval can no longer be considered a solitary task. Rather, people constantly collaborate with one another while searching and retrieving information. But the very cause of the popularity of multimedia data, the huge and different types of information a single data object can carry, makes their management a challenging task. Multimedia data is commonly represented as multidimensional feature vectors and carry high-level semantic information. These two characteristics make them very different from traditional alpha-numeric data. Thus, to try to manage them with frameworks and rationales designed for primitive alpha-numeric data, will be inefficient.
An index structure is the backbone of any database management system. It has been seen that index structures present in existing relational database management frameworks cannot handle multimedia data effectively. Thus, in this dissertation, a generalized multidimensional index structure is proposed which accommodates the atypical multidimensional representation and the semantic information carried by different multimedia data seamlessly from within one single framework. Additionally, the dissertation investigates the evolving relationships among multimedia data in a collaborative environment and how such information can help to customize the design of the proposed index structure, when it is used to manage multimedia data in a shared environment. Extensive experiments were conducted to present the usability and better performance of the proposed framework over current state-of-art approaches.
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Wu, Qinyi. "Partial persistent sequences and their applications to collaborative text document editing and processing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44916.
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In a variety of text document editing and processing applications, it is necessary to keep track of the revision history of text documents by recording changes and the metadata of those changes (e.g., user names and modification timestamps). The recent Web 2.0 document editing and processing applications, such as real-time collaborative note taking and wikis, require fine-grained shared access to collaborative text documents as well as efficient retrieval of metadata associated with different parts of collaborative text documents. Current revision control techniques only support coarse-grained shared access and are inefficient to retrieve metadata of changes at the sub-document granularity.
In this dissertation, we design and implement partial persistent sequences (PPSs) to support real-time collaborations and manage metadata of changes at fine granularities for collaborative text document editing and processing applications. As a persistent data structure, PPSs have two important features. First, items in the data structure are never removed. We maintain necessary timestamp information to keep track of both inserted and deleted items and use the timestamp information to reconstruct the state of a document at any point in time. Second, PPSs create unique, persistent, and ordered identifiers for items of a document at fine granularities (e.g., a word or a sentence). As a result, we are able to support consistent and fine-grained shared access to collaborative text documents by detecting and resolving editing conflicts based on the revision history as well as to efficiently index and retrieve metadata associated with different parts of collaborative text documents.
We demonstrate the capabilities of PPSs through two important problems in collaborative text document editing and processing applications: data consistency control and fine-grained document provenance management. The first problem studies how to detect and resolve editing conflicts in collaborative text document editing systems. We approach this problem in two steps. In the first step, we use PPSs to capture data dependencies between different editing operations and define a consistency model more suitable for real-time collaborative editing systems. In the second step, we extend our work to the entire spectrum of collaborations and adapt transactional techniques to build a flexible framework for the development of various collaborative editing systems. The generality of this framework is demonstrated by its capabilities to specify three different types of collaborations as exemplified in the systems of RCS, MediaWiki, and Google Docs respectively. We precisely specify the programming interfaces of this framework and describe a prototype implementation over Oracle Berkeley DB High Availability, a replicated database management engine. The second problem of fine-grained document provenance management studies how to efficiently index and retrieve fine-grained metadata for different parts of collaborative text documents. We use PPSs to design both disk-economic and computation-efficient techniques to index provenance data for millions of Wikipedia articles. Our approach is disk economic because we only save a few full versions of a document and only keep delta changes between those full versions. Our approach is also computation-efficient because we avoid the necessity of parsing the revision history of collaborative documents to retrieve fine-grained metadata. Compared to MediaWiki, the revision control system for Wikipedia, our system uses less than 10% of disk space and achieves at least an order of magnitude speed-up to retrieve fine-grained metadata for documents with thousands of revisions.
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Ibáñez, Zárate Guiomar. "Innovation, Market Structure, and Cooperative R&D Strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454780.
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En un ambient competitiu, on la innovació és complexa, arriscada i costosa, les empreses consideren freqüentment la col•laboració com una estratègia d'innovació. Aquestes estratègies poden prendre la forma de research joint ventures (RJVs), fusions i adquisicions, entre d'altres. No obstant això, aquests acords de cooperació poden tenir repercussions indesitjables sobre la competència i, per tant, sobre el benestar del consumidor. És per això que, en aquesta tesi, analitzo les estratègies de col•laboració en innovació, tenint en compte la competència de mercat.
El primer capítol, "Domestic and International Research Joint Ventures: The Effect of Collusion" (escrit amb Ricardo Flores-Fillol i Bernd Theilen), analitza teòricament els efectes dels RJVs en el benestar del consumidor en un context internacional, considerant que les empreses poden col•ludir en el mercat de productes. Els nostres resultats suggereixen que les autoritats de competència de distingir entre RJVs nacionals i internacionals.
El segon capítol, "Innovation and Horitzontal Mergers in a Vertically Related Industry", analitza teòricament els efectes de les fusions horitzontals en una indústria amb suppliers y retailers, on aquests poden innovar per reduir els seus costos unitaris. Els resultats mostren que les fusions entre suppliers són perjudicials per a la innovació i el benestar del consumidor. Per contra, les fusions entre retailers poden ser beneficioses per a la innovació i els consumidors quan el mercat és petit.
El tercer capítol, "The Determinants of Partner Choice for Cooperative Innovation: The Effect of Competition", analitza empíricament com la competència afecta l'elecció de soci per innovar. Demostrem que la competència afecta negativament la propensió de les empreses a cooperar amb clients i empreses del seu mateix grup. Una elasticitat-preu intermèdia o alta afecta positivament la propensió a escollir com a soci a competidors i proveïdors, respectivament. Contràriament, una elasticitat-preu mitjana o alta desincentiva la cooperació amb universitats.En un ambiente competitivo, donde la innovación es compleja, riesgosa y costosa, las empresas consideran frecuentemente la colaboración como una estrategia de innovación. Estas estrategias pueden tomar la forma de research joint ventures (RJVs), fusiones y adquisiciones, entre otras. Sin embargo, estos acuerdos de cooperación pueden tener repercusiones indeseables sobre la competencia y, por lo tanto, sobre el bienestar del consumidor. Por ello, en esta tesis, analizo las estrategias de colaboración en innovación, teniendo en cuenta la competencia de mercado. El primer capítulo, “Domestic and International Research Joint Ventures: The Effect of Collusion” (escrito con Ricardo Flores-Fillol y Bernd Theilen), analiza teóricamente los efectos de los RJVs en el bienestar del consumidor en un contexto internacional, considerando que las empresas pueden coludir en el mercado de productos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las autoridades de competencia deben distinguir entre RJVs nacionales e internacionales. El segundo capítulo, “Innovation and Horizontal Mergers in a Vertically Related Industry”, analiza teóricamente los efectos de las fusiones horizontales en una industria con suppliers y retailers, donde éstos pueden innovar para reducir sus costos unitarios. Los resultados muestran que las fusiones entre suppliers son perjudiciales para la innovación y el bienestar del consumidor. Por el contrario, las fusiones entre retailers pueden ser benéficas para la innovación y los consumidores cuando el mercado es suficientemente pequeño. El tercer capítulo, “The Determinants of Partner Choice for Cooperative Innovation: The Effect of Competition”, analiza empíricamente cómo la competencia de mercado afecta la elección de socio para innovar. Demostramos que la competencia afecta negativamente la propensión de las empresas a cooperar con clientes y empresas de su mismo grupo. Una elasticidad-precio intermedia o alta afecta positivamente la propensión a elegir como socio a competidores y proveedores, respectivamente. Por el contrario, una elasticidad-precio media o alta desincentiva la cooperación con universidades.
Given the competitive environment, and growing complexity, risks and costs of innovation, many firms consider cooperation as a key innovation strategy to develop competitive advantages. These collaborative strategies can take different forms, as research joint ventures (RJVs), mergers and acquisitions, among others. Nevertheless, cooperation agreements may have undesirable repercussions on market competition and therefore, on consumer welfare. Hence, in this thesis, I analyse collaborative innovation considering the market competition. The first chapter, entitled “Domestic and International Research Joint Ventures: The Effect of Collusion” (joint with Ricardo Flores-Fillol and Bernd Theilen), analyses theoretically the effect of RJVs on consumer welfare in an international context when collusion can occur in the product market. Our results suggest that antitrust authorities should distinguish between domestic and international RJVs and be more benevolent with international RJVs. The second chapter, “Innovation and Horizontal Mergers in a Vertically Related Industry”, analyses theoretically the effects of horizontal mergers on innovation and consumer welfare in an industry with suppliers and retailers. The retailers can undertake R&D activities to reduce their unit costs. I find that horizontal mergers among suppliers are detrimental to innovation and consumer welfare. Differently, horizontal mergers among retailers can be both innovation and consumer welfare enhancing in sufficiently small markets. The third chapter, “The Determinants of Partner Choice for Cooperative Innovation: The Effect of Competition”, analyses empirically how market competition affects firms’ partner choice for cooperative innovation. I find that competition affects negatively the propensity to cooperate with customers and firms within the same group. High and intermediate levels of price-elasticity affect positively the propensity of cooperation with suppliers and competitors, respectively. By contrast, price elasticity discourages collaboration with universities. The present study provides original evidence of the role of market competition as determinant of partner choice for cooperative innovation.
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Tindale, Sophie Jade. "Collaborative water-resource governance in the UK : understanding network structure and functionality of a catchment-based approach to water-quality management." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12673/.
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Since 2011 water resource governance in the UK has begun to integrate a collaborative multi-stakeholder approach to water-quality management. The Catchment-Based Approach (CaBA) facilitates local partnerships of stakeholders to co-create plans, align actions, and make collective decisions about efforts to improve and protect local river and stream environments. The approach offers potential for the enactment of effective, equitable and sustainable water management, but it is often unclear how such efforts are characterised practically. The multiplicity of stakeholders and complexity of issues and influences contribute to difficulty in discerning how governance change is functioning. This thesis uses a case study of the River Wear Catchment, North East England, where stakeholders have been operating CaBA, to begin to explore the patterns and drivers of actions and interactions that facilitate collaborative water-resource governance at the stakeholder level. Drawing on the concept of the catchment as a complex, social-environmental system, this research utilises insights from stakeholders and a combination of analytical methods, including a network approach and agent-based modelling, to provide new perspectives on the network structure and functioning of multi-stakeholder water management. A network approach is used to build a picture of interactions amongst stakeholders and to reveal the nature of the new relationships built through CaBA. Qualitative analysis of interview data identifies key influences on the decision-making of stakeholders and the functionality of new and existing networks of relations at three levels; the interactional, individual and contextual. Agent-based modelling is then used as a heuristic research tool to combine knowledge of relational structures with influences on stakeholder behaviour to experiment with potential dynamics of the system through a specific water-quality, problem-based scenario. The combination of these analytical methods allows a more in-depth and dynamic understanding of the patterns and processes of CaBA than has been revealed previously. The thesis ultimately comments on the utility of such methods for creating new understandings of the operationalisation of water governance processes, and for the utility of those new understandings to inform and question the facilitation of effective and satisfactory delivery of collaborative multi-stakeholder water-quality management at the catchment-scale.
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Baudin, Mathieu. "Piloter la Complexité : Utilisation de DSM et de l'algèbre d'intervalles d'Allen pour la planification collaborative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0027.
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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie de pilotage d'organisations complexes, ens'intéressant à de nouvelles méthodes de planification collaborative et d'optimisation d'interventions en environnements soumis à des rayonnements ionisants. En nous basant sur l'étude d'installations scientifiques et technologiques complexes tels que celles du CERN à Genève (Suisse) et de la GSI à Darmstadt (Allemagne), nous y analysons les besoins et contraintes de planification imposés par les environnements à risques en général, et par lesrayonnements ionisants en particulier. Les implications liées à la collaboration sont ensuite détaillées, et un modèle ontologique d'intervention est proposé afin de sélectionner les méthodes les plus adaptées au problème étudié. La méthode proposée dans cette thèse repose sur des techniques éprouvées en planification de projets ainsi qu'en conception de produits comme la Design Structure Matrix (DSM). Elle introduit en revanche dans ces domaines des méthodes habituellement rencontrées en intelligence artificielle : les algèbres temporelles qualitatives et la propagation des contraintes temporelles, ainsi que la recherche de compromis en cas de conflit. Cette « DSM Collaborative » a été implémentée dans une application prototype testée sur des cas pratiques au CERN et à la GSI, dont le premier est décrit dans l'ultime chapitre de cette thèse. C'est une approche qui place la ressource(essentiellement humaine) et les contraintes temporelles au coeur du processus de planification. Elle met l'accent sur la collaboration entre les différents participants, ainsi que sur la simulation et la comparaison multicritère de multiples scenarii plutôt que sur la recherche d'un unique optimum souvent irréalisable sur le plan pratiqueThis work proposes a methodology to handle complexity in organizations byfocusing on innovative and collaborative planning and scheduling methods dedicated to the optimization of interventions in environments emitting ionizing radiations. By taking as work environment highly complex and technological scientific facilities such as the ones of CERN in Geneva (Switzerland) and GSI in Darmstadt (Germany), we analyze the needs and requirements induced in intervention planning and scheduling by hazardous environments in general, and then more specifically by ionizing radiations. The implications of collaborative work are then scrutinized, and an ontological model for interventions is designed in order to select the methods best suited to our problem. The framework we present in this work relies on methods sucessfully used in project planning and scheduling and innovative product design like the Design Structure Matrix (DSM). It also introduces in these fields methods borrowed to artificial intelligence planning and scheduling such as the temporal qualitative algebras, constraint propagation, and the search of compromises in case of conflicts. This so called “Collaborative DSM” has been implemented in a prototype software application tested at CERN and GSI on practical applications. The very first one and its results are presented in the final chapter of this thesis. This framework aims at placing resources (mostly human resources) and temporal constraints at the heart of the planning and scheduling process. It focuses on collaboration between the different actors involved, from coordinators to technicians, and on simulation and multiple-criteria comparison of several scenarios, rather than searching for a unique optimum, which often tends to be non-practical, should one even be found
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Guillemot, Thierry. "Méthodes et structures non locales pour la restaurationd'images et de surfaces 3D." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0006/document.
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Durant ces dernières années, les technologies d’acquisition numériques n’ont cessé de se perfectionner, permettant d’obtenir des données d’une qualité toujours plus fine. Néanmoins, le signal acquis reste corrompu par des défauts qui ne peuvent être corrigés matériellement et nécessitent l’utilisation de méthodes de restauration adaptées. J'usqu’au milieu des années 2000, ces approches s’appuyaient uniquement sur un traitement local du signal détérioré. Avec l’amélioration des performances de calcul, le support du filtre a pu être étendu à l’ensemble des données acquises en exploitant leur caractère autosimilaire. Ces approches non locales ont principalement été utilisées pour restaurer des données régulières et structurées telles que des images. Mais dans le cas extrême de données irrégulières et non structurées comme les nuages de points 3D, leur adaptation est peu étudiée à l’heure actuelle. Avec l’augmentation de la quantité de données échangées sur les réseaux de communication, de nouvelles méthodes non locales ont récemment été proposées. Elles utilisent un modèle a priori extrait à partir de grands ensembles d’échantillons pour améliorer la qualité de la restauration. Néanmoins, ce type de méthode reste actuellement trop coûteux en temps et en mémoire. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons, tout d’abord, d’étendre les méthodes non locales aux nuages de points 3D, en définissant une surface de points capable d’exploiter leur caractère autosimilaire. Nous introduisons ensuite une nouvelle structure de données, le CovTree, flexible et générique, capable d’apprendre les distributions d’un grand ensemble d’échantillons avec une capacité de mémoire limitée. Finalement, nous généralisons les méthodes de restauration collaboratives appliquées aux données 2D et 3D, en utilisant notre CovTree pour apprendre un modèle statistique a priori à partir d’un grand ensemble de donnéesIn recent years, digital technologies allowing to acquire real world objects or scenes have been significantly improved in order to obtain high quality datasets. However, the acquired signal is corrupted by defects which can not be rectified materially and require the use of adapted restoration methods. Until the middle 2000s, these approaches were only based on a local process applyed on the damaged signal. With the improvement of computing performance, the neighborhood used by the filter has been extended to the entire acquired dataset by exploiting their self-similar nature. These non-local approaches have mainly been used to restore regular and structured data such as images. But in the extreme case of irregular and unstructured data as 3D point sets, their adaptation is few investigated at this time. With the increase amount of exchanged data over the communication networks, new non-local methods have recently been proposed. These can improve the quality of the restoration by using an a priori model extracted from large data sets. However, this kind of method is time and memory consuming. In this thesis, we first propose to extend the non-local methods for 3D point sets by defining a surface of points which exploits their self-similar of the point cloud. We then introduce a new flexible and generic data structure, called the CovTree, allowing to learn the distribution of a large set of samples with a limited memory capacity. Finally, we generalize collaborative restoration methods applied to 2D and 3D data by using our CovTree to learn a statistical a priori model from a large dataset
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Hichri, Bassem. "Design and control of collaborative, cross and carry mobile robots : C3Bots." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22601/document.
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L'objectif du travail proposé est de concevoir et commander un groupe des robots mobiles similaires et d'architecture simple appelés m-bots (mono-robots). Plusieurs m-bots ont la capacité de saisir ensemble un objet afin d'assurer sa co-manipulation et son transport quelle que soit sa forme et sa masse. Le robot résultant est appelé p-bot (poly-robot) et est capable d'effectuer des tâches de déménageur pour le transport d'objets génériques. La reconfigurabilité du p-bot par l'ajustement du nombre des m-bots utilisés permet de manipuler des objets lourds et des objets de formes quelconques (particulièrement s'ils sont plus larges qu'un seul m-bot). Sont considérés dans ce travail l'évitement d'obstacle ainsi que la stabilité du p-bot incluant la charge à transporter. Une cinématique pour un mécanisme de manipulation a été proposée et étudiée. Ce dernier assure le levage de la charge et son dépôt sur le corps des robots pour la transporter. Plusieurs variantes d'actionnement ont été étudiées : passif, avec compliance et actionné. Un algorithme de positionnement optimal des m-bots autour de l'objet à manipuler a été proposé afin d'assurer la réussite de la tâche à effectuer par les robots. Cet algorithme respecte le critère de "Force Closure Grasping" qui assure la stabilité de la charge durant la phase de manipulation. Il maintient aussi une marge de stabilité statique qui assure la stabilité de l'objet durant la phase de transport. Enfin, l'algorithme respecte le critère des zones inaccessibles qui ne peuvent pas être atteintes par les m-bots. Une loi de commande a été utilisée afin d'atteindre les positions désirées pour les m-bots et d'assurer la navigation en formation, durant la phase du transport, durant laquelle chaque robot élémentaire doit maintenir une position désirée par rapport à l'objet transporté. Des résultats de simulation pour un objet de forme quelconque, décrite par une courbe paramétrique, sont présentés. Des simulations 3D en dynamique multi-corps ainsi que des expériences menées sur les prototypes réalisés ont permis de valider nos propositionsOur goal in the proposed work is to design and control a group of similar mobile robots with a simple architecture, called m-bot. Several m-bots can grip a payload, in order to co-manipulate and transport it, whatever its shape and mass. The resulting robot is called a p-bot andis capable to solve the so-called "removal-man task" to transport a payload. Reconfiguring the p-bot by adjusting the number of m-bots allows to manipulate heavy objects and to manage objects with anyshape, particularly if they are larger than a single m-bot. Obstacle avoidance is addressed and mechanical stability of the p-bot and its payload is permanently guaranteed. A proposed kinematic architecture for a manipulation mechanism is studied. This mechanism allows to lift a payload and put it on them-bot body in order to be transported. The mobile platform has a free steering motion allowing the system maneuver in any direction. An optimal positioning of the m-bots around the payload ensures a successful task achievement without loss of stability for the overall system. The positioning algorithm respects the Force Closure Grasping (FCG) criterion which ensures the payload stability during the manipulation phase. It respects also the Static Stability Margin (SSM) criterion which guarantees the payload stability during the transport. Finally, it considers also the Restricted Areas (RA) that could not be reached by the robots to grab the payload. A predefined control law is then used to ensure the Target Reaching (TR) phase of each m-bot to its desired position around the payload and to track a Virtual Structure (VS), during the transportation phase, in which each elementary robot has to keep the desired position relative to the payload. Simulation results for an object of any shape, described by aparametric curve, are presented. Additional 3D simulation results with a multi-body dynamic software and experiments by manufactured prototypes validate our proposal
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Chemino, Stephen Scott. "The presbyteral council a structure of collaborative ministry between presbyters and bishops within the Church and specifically within the Diocese of Alexandria, Louisiana /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Haubt, Robert Alexander. "The Global Rock-Art Database: Centralizing Heritage Data Collections using a Collaborative, Information Structure and Data Visualization Approach in an Open Source Application." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367148.
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The Rock-Art Database (RADB) is a non-for profit online project at PERAHU, Griffith University in Australia. It seeks to improve theory and practice in the digital curation of rock-art data through building a centralized global rock-art heritage hub. Through the use of new technologies the database explores new ways to look at rock-art information and explores the potential within its digital curation. The system can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www.rockartdatabase.com.
Australia alone features over 100,000 rock art sites, important heritage places for Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples and a testament to over 10,000 years of human activity, including interactions with other peoples and the environment. Many of these sites have not been documented or recorded and are threatened by natural and cultural agents. It is becoming increasingly important to develop conservation models for the protection and preservation of sites. Indigenous cultural heritage in particular is difficult to manage on a local government level due to complex human / time / environment relationships and the importance of intangible cultural heritage.
Currently no centralized Australian or global database system exists to curate, present and promote rock-art. This project aims to fill this gap by exploring the potential of collaborative approaches, information structure and visualization of semantic and rich- media formats using Australian rock-art heritage as examples for a centralized global platform.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
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Masclet, Cédric. "Vers une assistance à la synthèse de dispositifs technologiques assurant une liaison mécanique." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008049.
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Ce travail propose une méthode de conception des mécanismes basée sur une décomposition hiérarchique des tâches de synthèse. Parmi les tâches identifiées, nous nous intéressons à celle qui effectue le choix et le dimensionnement optimal des " Dispositifs Technologiques assurant les liaisons mécaniques ". Ces DTLM sont des features de haut niveau qui possèdent tous les attributs nécessaires à un traitement indépendant. La recomposition du système peut cependant révéler des conflits entre les liaisons. La synthèse d'ensemble est exprimée sous la forme d'un problème d'optimisation hiérarchique pour lequel nous proposons plusieurs méthodes de résolution dont une méthode d'optimisation collaborative. Nous présentons un outil d'assistance qui, couplé à un logiciel de CAO commercial, nous a permis de valider les concepts. Des exemples illustrent notre propos
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Scotland, James. "Participating in a shared cognitive space : an exploration of working collaboratively and longer-term performance of a complex grammatical structure." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32739.
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Qatar’s education system has recently been subjected to a process of deep structural reform. One of the beliefs which underpins this reform is the assumption that learner-centred pedagogy is more effective than traditional teacher-centred pedagogy. However, there is limited empirical evidence from a Qatari classroom context regarding the effectiveness of using learner-centred pedagogies. This lack of empirical evidence extends to the teaching of English as a foreign language. This study employed Vygotskian sociocultural theory as a lens to investigate the effects of working collaboratively on learners’ longer-term performance of two grammatical structures, the simple past passive and the present continuous passive, as well as the cognitive processes involved. Interventionist dynamic assessment was used to quantify the linguistic performance of male Arabic undergraduate EFL learners (N = 52) three times (pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest) over a 12-week period. In-between the pretest and the posttest, six form-focused treatment tasks were administered. The experimental group (n = 20) completed the treatment tasks collaboratively; the comparison group (n = 16) completed the treatment tasks individually; and the control group (n = 16) did not complete the treatment tasks. In addition, the genetic method was employed to trace the linguistic development of four participants in the experimental group. These four participants were audio-recorded as they collaboratively completed each treatment session. Mood’s median test (Mood, 1954) found a pretest to posttest statistically significant difference (M = 7.70, df = 1, p = 0.01) between the performances of the experimental and control groups for the structure of the simple past passive which is moderate to large in size (Cramér’s V = 0.46). However for both target structures, no statistically significant difference was found between the experimental group and the comparison group, suggesting that the treatment condition of working collaboratively was not more effective in promoting learners’ linguistic development than the treatment condition of working individually. Additionally, the descriptive statistics revealed high levels of individual variation. Of the four participants who were audio-recorded, the journey of one learner is presented. This data was analysed using a microgenetic approach with LREs (Swain and Lapkin, 1995, 1998, 2002) as the unit of analysis. The microgenetic analysis shows how working collaboratively provides learners with access to a shared cognitive space. Within this space, they can employ language as a cognitive tool to access other-regulation from their peers and deploy their own self-regulatory strategies. The experience of an individual was explored within the context of the linguistic gains made by the collective to whom he belongs. Thus, even though the statistical analysis of the results suggests that working collaboratively is not more effective in facilitating learners’ linguistic development than working individually, the process of language learning has been connected to the outcome of language learning through the results of the descriptive statistics and the microgenetic analysis. This study contributes to a better understanding of: the types of pedagogies that may be effective in a Qatari undergraduate context, why collaborative learning can be effective, how knowledge which is initially social can take on a psychological function, and how the Vygotskian sociocultural methodologies of the genetic method and dynamic assessment can be integrated into an SLA design.
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Hisarciklilar, Onur. "Formes et structures des annotations sémantiques pour supporter la communication en conception collaborative asynchrone." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419297.
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Les processus de conception collaborative actuels comprennent un nombre important de situations coopératives dans lesquelles des participants géographiquement distribués, issus de différents domaines d'expertises, ont besoin de construire une compréhension mutuelle afin d'évaluer collectivement les solutions de conception. Les représentations tridimensionnelles de produit sont souvent utilisées dans ces situations comme l'artefact partagé entre les participants. Malgré l'avancement de technologies de Travail Collaboratif Assisté par Ordinnateur, la communication asynchrone reste difficile. Ceci est lié au manque d'une part de fonctionnalités permettant aux participants d'éliciter des informations tacites sur les représentations 3D et, d'autre part, à l'absence des mécanismes pour soutenir la communication argumentative. La question adressée dans cette thèse est de savoir comment les annotations peuvent être utilisées sur des représentations 3D pour soutenir la communication asynchrone, afin de permettre un partage plus efficace de l'information. Les contributions de ce travail incluent (1) un modèle d'annotation qui permet d'exprimer l'intention de conception, (2) une structure d'annotation qui facilite la compréhension de l'information en unifiant les dimensions communicatives et informationnelles du contenu de l'annotation, (3) un répertoire d'annotation afin de faciliter la recherche et la réutilisation des annotations, (4) l'environnement Annot'Action, une implémentation informatique des concepts proposés.
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Hisarciklilar, Onur. "Formes et structures des annotations sémantiques pour supporter la communication en conception collaborative asynchrone." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0130.
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Les processus de conception collaborative actuels comprennent un nombre important de situations coopératives dans lesquelles des participants géographiquement distribués, issus de différents domaines d'expertises, ont besoin de construire une compréhension mutuelle afin d'évaluer collectivement les solutions de conception. Les représentations tridimensionnelles de produit sont souvent utilisées dans ces situations comme l'artefact partagé entre les participants. Malgré l'avancement de technologies de Travail Collaboratif Assisté par Ordinnateur, la communication asynchrone reste difficile. Ceci est lié au manque d'une part de fonctionnalités permettant aux participants d'éliciter des informations tacites sur les représentations 3D et, d'autre part, à l'absence des mécanismes pour soutenir la communication argumentative. La question adressée dans cette thèse est de savoir comment les annotations peuvent être utilisées sur des représentations 3D pour soutenir la communication asynchrone, afin de permettre un partage plus efficace de l'information. Les contributions de ce travail incluent (1) un modèle d'annotation qui permet d'exprimer l'intention de conception, (2) une structure d'annotation qui facilite la compréhension de l'information en unifiant les dimensions communicatives et informationnelles du contenu de l'annotation, (3) un répertoire d'annotation afin de faciliter la recherche et la réutilisation des annotations, (4) l'environnement Annot'Action, une implémentation informatique des concepts proposésToday's collaborative design processes are characterized by an increasing number of co-operative situations, where geographically distributed participants from different domains of expertise are required to build mutual understanding of the ongoing design context, in order to collectively evaluate design solutions. 3D product representations are often used in these situations as common artefacts between the participants. In spite of the current CSCW technologies, asynchronous communication with 3D representations remains difficult. This is due to the lack of functionalities that allow the participants expressing the tacit design information on the 3D models and of mechanisms that support the participants to realise argumentative communication. The main problem addressed in this work is how the annotations can be used in 3D representations to support asynchronous design communication, in order to allow the design participants sharing and debating design information more systematically. The outcomes of this work include (1) an annotation model, allowing participants to express their design intent along with information conveyed, (2) an annotation structure, facilitating the accurate interpretation of information by unifying communicative and informational dimensions of the annotation content, (3) an annotation repository to improve annotation retrieval and re-use, (4) the Annot'Action environment as an implementation of the proposed concepts
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Wolfram, Filemon. "The ABC's of Placemaking Governance : Learning from Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292291.
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Placemaking is an approach to designing urban spaces based on their existing values and identities. It has emerged as a response to citizens wishing to have an active role in the planning process and influence the development of their own surroundings. Placemaking often occurs from spontaneous consequences, with a diverse range of urban stakeholders involved in the process. Leading these complex processes has required local authorities to rethink their approach to urban governance. Despite municipalities being key actors in placemaking contexts, their role in the process is not well understood. Through a comparative case study of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen, this thesis examines how local authorities have interpreted and contributed to placemaking. The cities are analysed with a theoretical framework consisting of their governance structures, spatial leadership roles, placemaking tools and facilitation of public participation. The results indicate that municipalities interpret placemaking to involve public participation in a place-bound approach. A wide range of stakeholders were identified to be involved in the placemaking process, including local authorities, artists, neighbourhood associations, leisure time clubs, civic interest groups and private property developers. The roles of these actors were found to vary greatly from project to project. The study concludes that – despite some opportunistic flexibility – the municipalities of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen generally take on a more observing, follower-dominant and bottom-linked role in the placemaking process. This observation implies that during the 21st century, cities have adopted a significantly more adaptive and observant role in their urban governance processes. This is especially evident within the placemaking context, which embraces the idea of co-creation and collaboration.
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Zimmerman, Kristin Michelle. "Designing and prototyping networked collaborative play structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98745.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 42).
Much of children's play time has shifted from outdoor activities to human-screen interactions on smart devices. While the digital world offers many creative play outlets that would be impossible in the physical world, the physical world has a wealth of hands-on learning and cooperative play opportunities that should not be overlooked. Networked Playscapes is a project which merges electronics with physical play to re-imagine playgrounds in a way that appeals to 21st century children. There are many new forms these play structures could take; this thesis will focus on bringing one of these concepts to life. The concept for the play structure is one that no kid can easily resist: bubble wrap. A pair of large, reinflatable bubble wrap systems was designed and a proof-of-concept prototype was constructed. Each system consists of a series of "bubbles" that will pop when pressed. The systems will network over the internet so that popping a bubble in one location pops it in the other. This simple, playful interaction, completed from two geographically and culturally disparate locations, encourages collaboration and competition between both those interacting side by side and those interacting through telepresence.
by Kristin Michelle Zimmerman.
S.B.
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Lin, Winston Huairen. "Extracting ontological structures from collaborative tagging systems." Thesis, School of Information Technologies, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12116.
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Chebab, Zine Elabidine. "Conception et commande collaborative de manipulateurs mobiles modulaires (C3M3)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC070/document.
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Dans un contexte d’Industrie 4.0, on perçoit de nouveaux usages possibles des manipulateurs mobiles (MMs), des robots généralement obtenus par l’association d’un bras manipulateur et d’une plate-forme mobile. Ce travail de thèse se focalise sur la synthèse et la commande de nouveaux MMs coopératifs en définissant trois défis à relever. Le premier défi concerne l’élargissement des domaines d’utilisation des robots par la possibilité de leur utilisation coopérative. Nous définissons ainsi un système robotique modulaire basé sur l’utilisation d’entités robotiques appelés mono-robots (m-bots). Ceux-ci sont des MMs qui peuvent se réarranger sous forme de poly-robot (p-bot) pour réaliser une tâche en collaboration. Le deuxième défi se focalise sur la définition de l’architecture cinématique élémentaire de ces robots. Ainsi, nous proposons une démarche générique de synthèse structurale qui permet l’obtention de plusieurs architectures de m-bots respectant les cahiers des charges relatifs à la tâche en tant que m-bot, mais aussi en tant que p-bot pour un environnement considéré. Cette démarche est basée sur l’analyse structurale des MMs à l’aide des paramètres structuraux des mécanismes (connectivité, mobilité, redondance et hyperstatisme). Le troisième défi proposé est d’arriver à modéliser et contrôler les architectures de MMs synthétisées pour la tâche. Deux lois de commande (PID et hybride force-position) sont proposées pour la réalisation de la tâche considérée. Leur validation a été réalisée grâce à des simulations avancéesIn recent years, the concept of Industry 4.0 has led to new possibilities of use for mobile manipulators (MMs) that are generally made of a manipulator arm mounted on a mobile base. The current Ph.D. is focused on the synthesis and control of new cooperative MMs by defining three challenges. The first challenge concerns the widening of the fields of application of robots. Therefore, we define a modular robotic system based on the use of multiple MMs (mono robots or m-bots) that can be used as a global system (poly-robot or p-bot) for collaborative tasks. The second challenge concerns the definition of the kinematic structure of the MMs. We propose a new generic method of structural synthesis that allows to obtain multiple kinematic architectures for m-bots that respect the constraints imposed by the task and the workspace. This method is based on structural analysis of MMs by the evaluation of the structural parameters (connectivity, mobility, redundancy and overconstraint). The last challenge concerns the modelling and control of the new architectures for the new fields of application. Two control laws (PID control and hybrid force-position control) are proposed in order to realise the considered task. Their validation is done with advanced simulations
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Puzio, Pasquale. "Structured P2P Video Streaming and Collaborative Failure Detection." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4122/.
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Il video streaming in peer-to-peer sta diventando sempre più popolare e utiliz- zato.
Per tali applicazioni i criteri di misurazione delle performance sono:
- startup delay: il tempo che intercorre tra la connessione e l’inizio della ripro- duzione dello stream (chiamato anche switching delay),
- playback delay: il tempo che intercorre tra l’invio da parte della sorgente e la riproduzione dello stream da parte di un peer,
- time lag: la differenza tra i playback delay di due diversi peer.
Tuttavia, al giorno d’oggi i sistemi P2P per il video streaming sono interessati da considerevoli ritardi, sia nella fase di startup che in quella di riproduzione. Un recente studio su un famoso sistema P2P per lo streaming, ha mostrato che solitamente i ritardi variano tra i 10 e i 60 secondi. Gli autori hanno osservato anche che in alcuni casi i ritardi superano i 4 minuti! Si tratta quindi di gravi inconvenienti se si vuole assistere a eventi in diretta o se si vuole fruire di applicazioni interattive.
Alcuni studi hanno mostrato che questi ritardi sono la conseguenza della natura non strutturata di molti sistemi P2P. Ogni stream viene suddiviso in blocchi che vengono scambiati tra i peer. A causa della diffusione non strutturata del contenuto, i peer devono continuamente scambiare informazioni con i loro vicini prima di poter inoltrare i blocchi ricevuti. Queste soluzioni sono estremamente re- sistenti ai cambiamenti della rete, ma comportano una perdita notevole in termini di prestazioni, rendendo complicato raggiungere l’obiettivo di un broadcast in realtime.
In questo progetto abbiamo lavorato su un sistema P2P strutturato per il video streaming che ha mostrato di poter offrire ottimi risultati con ritardi molto vicini a quelli ottimali. In un sistema P2P strutturato ogni peer conosce esattamente quale blocchi inviare e a quali peer. Siccome il numero di peer che compongono il sistema potrebbe essere elevato, ogni peer dovrebbe operare possedendo solo una conoscenza limitata dello stato del sistema. Inoltre il sistema è in grado di gestire arrivi e partenze, anche raggruppati, richiedendo una riorganizzazione limitata della struttura.
Infine, in questo progetto abbiamo progettato e implementato una soluzione personalizzata per rilevare e sostituire i peer non più in grado di cooperare. Anche per questo aspetto, l’obiettivo è stato quello di minimizzare il numero di informazioni scambiate tra peer.
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Canizo, Thea Lynne. "Establishing collaborative structures and relationships: Teacher leaders' experiences." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280159.
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The purpose of this study was to explore teacher leaders' experiences as they attempted to establish collaborative structures and relationships resulting in improved science instruction at their schools. Teacher leaders were middle school science facilitators, full-time classroom teachers who acted as liaisons between the science teachers at their schools and a change initiative funded by the National Science Foundation. This was a qualitative study, using interviews to create a case study. The researcher used a three-part interview design developed by Seidman (1991). Six research questions served as a framework for the data analysis. Participants identified the following as factors which contributed to their success: support from the principal, other science teachers, central staff personnel, and the district-wide group of science facilitators; professional development; and the successful completion of a scope and sequence for science instruction. Factors identified as hindering their success were: lack of support or conflict with the principal; resistance to change; time constraints; a district policy which limited meeting time; teacher and administrator turnover; tension between the middle school and junior high school models; and personal doubts. From descriptions of their understanding and exercising of leadership, the researcher concluded that teacher leaders had become empowered. The school culture was seen to have a great effect on teacher leaders. The contrasts between a school with a positive culture and another school in disarray were presented. Structures such as summer institutes and release time during the school day were identified as critical for giving teachers the time needed to establish more collaborative working relationships. Once greater trust and understanding were present, teachers were better able to examine their teaching practices more critically. Participants identified mentoring of new members, a continuing role for science facilitators, and central support as necessary for ensuring the sustainability of the changes made during the years of the grant initiative. The researcher concluded that teacher leaders can be a powerful force for bringing about change in schools when provided with training and time during the school day to work with colleagues.
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Minto, Shawn. "Using emergent team structure to focus collaboration." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32062.
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To build successful complex software systems, developers must collaborate with
each other to solve issues. To facilitate this collaboration specialized tools are
being integrated into development environments. Although these tools facilitate
collaboration, they do not foster it. The problem is that the tools require the
developers to maintain a list of other developers with whom they may wish to
communicate. In any given situation, it is the developer who must determine
who within this list has expertise for the specific situation. Unless the team is
small and static, maintaining the knowledge about who is expert in particular
parts of the system is difficult. As many organizations are beginning to use
agile development and distributed software practices, which result in teams with
dynamic membership, maintaining this knowledge is impossible.
This thesis investigates whether emergent team structure can be used to
support collaboration amongst software developers. The membership of an
emergent team is determined from analysis of software artifacts. We first show
that emergent teams exist within a particular open-source software project, the
Eclipse integrated development environment. We then present a tool called
Emergent Expertise Locator (EEL) that uses emergent team information to
propose experts to a developer within their development environment as the
developer works.
We validated this approach to support collaboration by applying our approach
to historical data gathered from the Eclipse project, Firefox and Bugzilla
and comparing the results to an existing heuristic for recommending experts that
produces a list of experts based on the revision history of individual files. We
found that EEL produces, on average, results with higher precision and higher
recall than the existing heuristic.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Joosse, Alexandra Pocek. "Power in Collaborative Networks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577215.
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The research described herein focuses on understanding the effects of power on the processes and outcomes of collaborative networks. Power is conceptualized from a structural perspective, as the dependence that exists in the relationships that tie network participants together. Using the method of social network analysis, the dissertation first validates a measure of structural power in collaborative networks, betweenness centrality. It then examines the effect of uneven distributions of structural power among participants on an important variable for these networks: cohesion, as measured from a behavioral perspective. This effect is examined from the perspective of two levels of analysis: the whole network level and the working group level. The results indicate that structural power has a variable effect on cohesion, depending on the level of analysis. At the whole network level, uneven distributions of power negatively affect the cohesive behavior of participants. At the working group level, on the other hand, the relationship between the variables is curvilinear. Finally, the effect of structural power on three dimensions of participant satisfaction is examined: process satisfaction, human capital satisfaction, and outcome satisfaction. The research finds that being in a power disadvantaged position affects how participants rate their satisfaction with the process of collaboration.
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Tarasova, Darya [Verfasser]. "Collaborative Authoring of Semantically Structured Multilingual Educational Content / Darya Tarasova." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149154098/34.
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Shackelford, Kelsey. "COLLABORATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AMONG ARTIST MEMBER AND OTHER RELATED ORGANIZATIONS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/44.
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Kentucky has a rich cultural and artistic tapestry that is part of the economic future of the state. An important consideration of this future is the artist-member organizations that serve Kentucky creatives and how they work together collaboratively, both internally and externally. The objective of this study was to see how ten different organizations viewed themselves and interacted with their communities in the way in which they are structure, or lack a definite structure as is the case with several different groups. Through web analysis and a series of interviews with organizations that provide benefits to Kentucky artists, we learn that there are no strict definitions to what these organizations are and that to continue, they will have to continue to become flexible and open to changes that may come their way.
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Reyes, Cabrera Pablo. "Structural awareness in mediated conversations for collaborative learning environments." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1026.pdf.
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Cette thèse prend place dans le cadre des recherches sur l’apprentissage collaboratif assisté par ordinateur et plus particulièrement les nouvelles technologies de communication pour les communautés virtuelles d’apprentissage (CVAs). Les travaux ont porté sur l’analyse des conversations d'apprentissage ayant lieu dans les CVAs et la conception de mécanismes d’assistance visant à faciliter l'émergence de ces conversations à travers des outils de type forum (OTFs). Nous avons identifié dans les OTFs plusieurs anomalies qui peuvent freiner l'apparition des conversations d'apprentissage : "incongruence interactionnelle", " incongruence de convergence", "incongruence de tour de parole" et "incongruence de perception de groupe ". Afin de dépasser ces anomalies nous proposons une approche d’assistance entre pairs ("peer-to-peer") fondée sur la perception de structures ("structural awareness"). Cette approche est fondée sur la mise en évidence des propriétés structurelles des conversations afin de favoriser les interactions. Un OTF nommé MailGroup et un système d’assistance basé sur cette approche ont été conçus, développés et expérimentés. Ces expérimentations ont mis en évidence la pertinence de l'approche et permis d'identifier des pistes pour des recherches complémentairesThis thesis takes place on the Computer Supported Collaborative Learning domain. This field is centered on the design of learning environments that makes possible the support of collaboration in a group. In this context, this study principally aimed to create new technologies of communication for Virtual learning communities (VLCs). Particularly, our research issue is to analyze learning conversations taking place in VLCs in order to provide mechanisms to support and facilitate the emergence of these interactions among the users of Forum-type tools (FTTs). We have identified in FTTs several anomalies that can discourage the emergence of learning conversations taking place in FTTs: “interactional incongruence”, “convergence incongruence”, “turn-taking incongruence” and group perception incongruence”. We try to improve the FTTs to obtain better and perfectible environments for group communications. Thus, we propose a peer-to-peer support approach that tries to overcome these incongruencies that we will call the structural awareness approach. It puts emphasis on revealing the structural properties of a group to its members in order to promote better collaborative interactions. This support has been implemented on a FTT called Mailgroup. Mailgroup has been tested twice in different contexts, obtaining initial feedback of its pertinence according to our objectives. The results indicate that the work is properly oriented, but also that it is necessary to do further research
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Reyes, Cabrera Pablo Tchounikine Pierre. "Structural awareness in mediated conversations for collaborative learning environments." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1026.pdf.
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Ozcan, Sercan. "The collaboration structure and systems of innovation in nanotechnology." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/288acc96-ba51-47dc-8aab-b82cf8966ce5.
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This research aims to analyse inter-organisational collaboration activities and mechanisms in general and also those specific to the nanotechnology field with the purpose of identifying their effectiveness and efficiency in innovation processes. This research proposes and adapts two new frameworks to be used in its analyses and also in future studies. Following these frameworks, this study investigates the nanotechnology patent network to identify many important aspects of it, such as: key actors, network structures and national differences. Some of the research objectives are: 1) to examine the key determinants of collaborative innovation mechanisms that encourage or hinder organisations to involve themselves in collaborative innovation activities; 2) to discover how the collaboration mechanism impacts the innovation process in the nanotechnology field; and 3) to analyse what kind of collaboration mechanisms exist at different stages of the innovation process. This comprehensive study applies a mixed-method approach that combines both patent and interview data analyses, and draws upon an extensive data sample. The patent data covers almost fifty thousand patent documents that are well-optimised for this study, and the interview sample covers the key experts across different regions. The main contributions of this research are theoretical, empirical and practical as well as methodological contributions to the field. The results of patent data analyses identify many key issues in this field, such as collaboration activities for key organisations, nations' competitiveness and innovation networks in the nanotechnology field. The results of interview analyses present a comparative study on the collaboration structures across the UK, the US, Germany and China. In addition, this research provides case studies of where inter-organisational collaborations resulted in innovations to illustrate successful scenarios for the nanotechnology field. The analysis of the nanotechnology innovation networks demonstrates that the proposed network model is a useful means of differentiating types of network structures such as mono-linkages, central-linkages and distributed network. With regard to the various stages of collaboration, new funding systems are found to be a mechanism for encouraging organisations to work together from the initial stage of collaboration. To enhance the collaboration mechanism, nanotechnology centres appear to be an effective place to overcome difficulties related to the multi-disciplinarity of nanotechnology. The results show that large organisations are currently the key organizations for the commercialisation process, especially in the electronics industry where high investments are required. SMEs appear to be the key organisations at the incremental level of innovations, and are essential to the expansion and up-scaling of the number of collaborations within the innovation network. The findings of this study are not only applicable to the nanotechnology field; this study could be beneficial within a wider range of social domains (academia, industry, government, intermediaries, fund providers and policy makers) where active and potential organisations are involved in technological collaboration. Moreover, this study differentiates its findings across the selected regions to show national factors, making this study even more valuable.
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Baumgardt, Tor. "Community structure within scientific collaboration network at Uppsala university." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230234.
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In this paper the community discovery algorithms created by Girvan-Newman and Rosvall-Bergstrom are used to find communities within a scientific collaboration network created from researchers from Uppsala university. The results are then compared with official department structures and previous research of collaboration at KTH. The results show that research across department boundaries are more common at Uppsala than at KTH. Differences in department structure is discussed as a potential cause.I denna rapport används algoritmer för att identifiera grupp-struktur för att hitta grupper inom ett vetenskapligt samarbetsnätverk skapat från forskare från Uppsala universitet. Resultaten är sedan jämförda med officiella avdelningar samt tidigare forskning om samarbete på KTH. Resultaten visar att samarbete mellan olika avdelningar är vanligare på Uppsala universitet. Skillnader i avdelningsstruktur är diskuterade som en potentiell orsak.
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Deacon, M. "Distributed Collaboration: Engineering Practice Requirements." Thesis, Linkt to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/755.
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Moosavi, Seyyed Ali. "TECTAS : bridging the gap between collaborative tagging systems and structured data." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29554.
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Ontologies are core building block of the emerging semantic web, and taxonomies which contain class-subclass relationships between concepts are a key component of ontologies. A taxonomy that relates the tags in a collaborative tagging system makes the collaborative tagging system's underlying structure easier to understand. Automatic construction of taxonomies from various data sources such as text data and collaborative tagging systems has been an interesting topic in the field of data mining.
This thesis introduces a new algorithm for building a taxonomy of keywords from tags in collaborative tagging systems. This algorithm is also capable of detecting has-a relationships between tags. Proposed method - the TECTAS algorithm - uses association rule mining to detect is-a relationships between tags and can be used in an automatic or semi-automatic framework. TECTAS algorithm is based on the hypothesis that users tend to assign both "child" and "parent" tags to a resource. Proposed method leverages association rule mining algorithms, bi-gram pruning using search engines, discovering relationships when pairs of tags have a common child, and lexico-syntactic patterns to detect meronyms.
In addition to proposing the TECTAS algorithm, several experiments are reported using four real data sets: Del.icio.us, LibraryThing, CiteULike, and IMDb. Based on these experiments, the following topics are addressed in this thesis: (1) Verify the necessity of building domain specific taxonomies (2) Analyze tagging behavior of users in collaborative tagging systems (3) Verify the effectiveness of our algorithm compared to previous approaches (4) Use of additional quality and richness metrics for evaluation of automatically extracted taxonomies.
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Preston, Edward. "Collaborative robotic plasma arc welding of fabricated titanium aero-engine structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546461.
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GUNNARSSON, JONATHAN, and MARCUS KJELLBERG. "Organized to digitize : A new perspective on collaboration and structure." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237259.
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This master thesis was conducted at a large Swedish manufacturer, where the perception on and challenges regarding digital transformation were studied. Digital technology is a gateway to numerous possibilities, simplifying production, altering products and creating new value offers. This study is focused on commercial digitalization, such as digital services and solutions that challenge or strengthens existing business models. A manufacturing firm, accommodated with the development of physical products is not adapted for the speed, flexibility and cross-functional collaboration which digital development requires. Though, the digital business area for a manufacturing firm is somewhat unresolved, with limited knowledge and guidelines as well as uncertain profitability. Reallocating resources from existing business towards digital development can thus be risky. Evidently, development of digital initiatives within a manufacturing firm requires high pace, support, structures and clarified roadmaps. Synergies from cross-market collaboration are important, but it can also increase complexity and tardiness in a large organization. Based on findings from this study, a manufacturer should alter its organizational structure to benefit their digital transformation. Speed should be prioritized over collaboration and traditional development should increasingly focus on business and consumer contact rather than technology. A common back end function should be increasingly utilized, developing digital technology for the whole organization, to ensure unanimity and simplifying development of similar initiatives. Digital initiatives tightly connected to products or existing business models should be developed within the corresponding functions. Support and inspiration towards digital development should derive from a holistic function that can aid and guide the whole organization. This function should also be responsible for digital initiatives that differentiate from traditional business. Increasing experience and proactively develop digital solutions will be important to stay ahead of competition and fulfill customer demands.Denna masteruppsats utfördes hos ett stort svenskt tillverkningsföretag, där uppfattning om och utmaningar kring digital transformation studerades. Digital teknik öppnar upp för otaliga möjligheter, förenklar produktion, förbättrar produkter och skapar nya värdeerbjudanden. Denna studie fokuserar på kommersiell digitalisering, så som komplementerande tjänster och lösningar som utmanar eller stärker existerande affärsmodeller. En produkttillverkare, van vid utvecklingen av fysiska produkter är inte anpassad till den snabbhet, flexibilitet och det samarbete mellan affärsfunktioner som digital utveckling behöver. Det digitala marknadsområdet är dessutom osäkert, med begränsningar i erfarenhet, riktlinjer och osäker lönsamhet. Omdisponering av resurser från existerande affärsverksamhet kan därför vara farligt. Bevisligen behöver digital utveckling inom ett tillverkande företag snabbhet, stöd, strukturering och tydliga mål. Synergier från samarbete mellan kundgrupper i en organisation är viktigt, men kan också öka komplexitet och tröghet i ett stort företag. Baserat på studiens resultat bör ett tillverkningsföretag anpassa sin organisationsstruktur till fördel för digital transformation. Snabbhet bör prioriteras framför marknads-överskridande samarbete och mer traditionella instanser borde öka fokus på utveckling av affärsmodeller och kundrelationer. En gemensam back end instans borde användas i större grad genom att utveckla digital teknologi för hela organisationen. Detta skulle skapa enighet, minska duplicering och förenkla utvecklingen av likartade projekt. Digitala initiativ som är kopplade till fysiska produkter eller nuvarande affärsmodell borde utvecklas tillsammans med dessa. Stöd och inspiration för digital utveckling borde komma från en holistisk instans som kan stötta och ledsaga hela organisationen. Denna instans bör även vara ansvarig för att utveckla mer radikala digitala initiativ. Att öka erfarenhet och att proaktivt arbeta för digital utveckling kommer vara mycket viktigt för att motstå konkurrens och uppfylla kundkrav.
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Martin, Stéphane. "Edition collaborative des documents semi-structurés." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684778.
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Les éditeurs collaboratifs permettent à des utilisateurs éloignés de collaborer à une tâche commune qui va de l'utilisation d'un agenda partagé à la réalisation de logiciels. Ce concept est né avec SCCS en 1972 et connait un engouement récent (ex: Wikipedia). L'absence de centralisation et l'asynchronisme sont des aspects essentiels de cette approche qui relève d'un modèle pair-à-pair (P2P). D'un autre côté, le format XML est devenu une référence pour la manipulation et l'échange de documents. Notre travail vise à la réalisation d'un éditeur collaboratif P2P pour l'édition de documents semi-structurés qui sont une abstraction du format XML. Le problème est difficile et de nombreuses propositions se sont révélées erronées ou ne passant pas à l'échelle. Nous rappelons les concepts et l'état de l'art sur l'édition collaborative, les modèles centralisés et le P2P. Ensuite, nous explorons deux approches différentes : les transformées opérationnelles et le CRDT (Commutative Replicated Data Type) avec différentes structures de données arborescentes. L'objectif est de réaliser les opérations de base (ajout, suppression et ré-étiquetage) tout en garantissant la convergence du processus d'édition. Nous proposons un algorithme générique pour l'approche CRDT basée sur une notion d'indépendance dans la structure de données. Nous avons étendu nos travaux afin de réaliser l'opération de déplacement d'un sous-arbre et de prendre en compte le typage XML. Peu de travaux abordent ces deux points qui sont très utiles pour l'édition de documents. Finalement, nous donnons les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec un prototype permettant de valider notre approche.
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Chase, Jennida. "Lollipop, Don't Be a Hero." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1771.
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Lollipop, Don’t Be a Hero explores the conceptual and visual themes that are presented in my MFA thesis exhibition. This thesis recounts the development of my work during the two years of graduate study at the VCU Photography and Film Department. The research looks into historical and contemporary ideas within art, social and philosophical commentary and literature, which influence my creative process and aesthetic. This work investigates the idea of giving a voice to a specific section of the working class.
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Francq, Pascal. "Structured and collaborative search: an integrated approach to share documents among users." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211315.
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Aujourd'hui, la gestion des documents est l'un des problèmes les plus importants en informatique. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un système de gestion documentaire basé sur une approche appelée recherche structurée et collaborative. Les caractéristiques essentielles sont :
Dès lors que les utilisateurs ont plusieurs centres d'intérêts, ils sont décrits par des profils, un profil correspondant à un centre d'intérêt particulier. C'est la partie structurée du système.
Pour construire une description des profils, les utilisateurs jugent des documents en fonction de leur intérêt
Le système regroupe les profils similaires pour former un certain nombre de communautés virtuelles
Une fois les communautés virtuelles définies, des documents jugés comme intéressants par certains utilisateurs d'une communauté peuvent être partagés dans toute la communauté. C'est la partie collaborative du système.
Le système a été validé sur plusieurs corpora de documents en utilisant une méthodologie précise et offre des résultats prometteurs.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Noggle, Matthew K. "Win - Win: A Case Study of Collaborative Structures Between Labor and Management." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/64085.
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Educational AdministrationEd.D.
While society has begun its evolution from the industrial age to the information age, most teacher unions continue to pattern their behavior after the industrial model of unionism focusing almost exclusively on salary, benefits and working conditions. In some school systems, though, teacher unions and management are questioning the legitimacy of their adversarial relationships. They are beginning to abandon the belief in the separation of traditional labor and management roles, and replacing it with a collective operational model that offers promise for significant educational reform and improved employer-employee relations. This expanded scope of union activity is attempting to include non-traditional issues, such as teacher professional development, teacher quality, instructional delivery, student achievement standards and educational reform, as well as mechanisms that are highly flexible and reactive to immediate need (Koppich, 2005; Urbanski, 1998). The purpose of this case study was to uncover the events that led to formation of collaborative structures at each of the study sites, gain insight in the collaborative activity that is occurring, better understand the impact of collaboration on the collective bargaining process, and attempt to understand the various challenges to collaboration at each study site. Data collection for this case study relied heavily on intensive personal interviews. Study participants were selected from school systems that have strong collaborative relations between the district administration and the teachers' union. Care was given in the selection of diverse school systems and in different regions of the country. Contractual language from the negotiated agreement also provided additional supporting data. The convergence of this data resulted in a greater understanding on the formation and maintenance of collaborative structures. The results of this study exposed that there are, in fact, strong models of collaboration between labor representative groups and management. The work that is occurring in these school districts is significantly transforming labor relations and impacting student educational experience. Leaders for both management and labor have largely abandoned their traditional roles and relinquished power in favor of working more cooperatively for the betterment of all within the organization. At each site, many collaborative byproducts have emerged to address a plethora of identified needs and goals. The collaborative relationship has also impacted the collective bargaining process, as the parties attempt to more creatively address all issues that either party raises as a concern. Greater respect for the role of unions and management has also emerged, as participants began to realize that they shared more in common than previously thought. The participants in school systems with strong collaborative relations have also demonstrated that they are anxious to share their knowledge and experience with others, as evidence by their participation in informal networks like Teacher Union Reform Network (TURN), as well as with researchers interested in collaboration between labor and management.
Temple University--Theses
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Morse, Ricardo Stuart. "Community Learning: Process, Structure, and Renewal." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27472.
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Community renewal is a dominant theme in American society today. It has been said that public administration could and should be a leader in the community renewal movement, yet for the most part the field of public administration fails to â getâ community. This study advances and explores a concept of community learning as part of a broader effort to better understand what a community perspective means for public administration theory and practice. The contributions of this study are two-fold. First, a concept of community learning is drawn from a variety of literature streams that share an ethos of collaborative pragmatism. Community learning occurs when the knowledge created in the integrative â community processâ is fed-forward and embedded at the level of community structure. Furthermore, a â learning communityâ is found where the community learning process is institutionalized at the level of community structure. While community learning is a term being used to some degree in the field of community development, a concept of how communities might learn has yet to be offered. Thus, the conceptualization offered here seeks to fill this gap in the literature.
This study also explores the community learning concept empirically in the context of an action research project in Wytheville, Virginia. Here participants worked with a Virginia Tech research team to better understand their community and develop a unified â visionâ for the communityâ s future. The study revealed that the collective or collaborative learning of the â community processâ can occur over time and also in the form of punctuated group â a-haâ moments. In either case, the learning process is one where new knowledge is created in the form of new or altered shared meaning or new ideas. This learning was fed-forward to the community level to become community learning in three ways: 1) as the learning took place in the community field, meaning the participants of the learning process represented the different institutions that make up community structure; 2) through the integrative medium of local media outlets; and 3) through formal and informal processes of knowledge transfer from the group to community level, where the community level was represented by a citizens committee.
As communities institutionalize learning processes they can be said to be â learning communities.â Evidence from the Wytheville study provides insights into how this might happen. The implications for the practice of a â new public serviceâ are explored as well as future areas of research relevant to the community learning approach. The study concludes by suggesting what a community perspective for public administration might mean as community learning is a concept based in this perspective.Ph. D.
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Ek, Kajsa, and Emma Hildorsson. "Spelar det någon roll? : Kommunikativa strukturer och frågornas struktur i lågstadielärares klassrum." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91301.
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Föreliggande studie ämnar undersöka fyra lågstadielärares roller utifrån derasanvändande av kommunikativa strukturer och frågornas struktur samt hur lärarnaresonerar om samma begrepp. Analysen tar sin utgångspunkt i vilken utsträckninglärarna ger eleverna möjlighet att tala. Lärarrollerna som studien fokuserar på är enstyrande, vägledande, stödjande samt delegerande roll. Centrala begrepp som kopplastill kommunikativa strukturer är möblering, arbetssätt och fördelning av ordet.Frågornas struktur kategoriseras i begreppen IRE och IRU, vilka också är centrala istudien. Begreppen samt lärarnas roller utgör studiens teoretiska referensram. För attsamla in material används observationer och intervjuer. Resultatet av studien visar attlärarnas val av strukturer inte behöver påverka elevernas talutrymme. Det som harbetydelse är på vilket sätt lärarna använder strukturerna. Slutsatsen är att den rolllärarna antar påverkar elevernas utrymme att tala. När lärarna antar en roll däreleverna tillåts arbeta självständigt samt ta eget ansvar ökar elevernas talutrymme.
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Kidon, Jonathan Goldberg. "Fusion Tables : new ways to collaborate on structured data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60999.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 55).
Fusion Tables allows data collaborators to create, merge, navigate and set access control permissions on structured data. This thesis focuses on the collaboration tools that were added to Googles Fusion Tables. The collaboration tools provided additional functionality: first, the ability to view, sort and filter all the threaded discussions on the different granularities of the data set; second, the ability to take Snaps, dynamic state bookmarking that allows collaborators to save queries and visualizations and share them with other users. In addition, this thesis initiates a discussion about data collaboration on different platforms outside the Data Management System (DMS), and the implementation of the Fusion Table - Google Wave gadget that provides this functionality. To evaluate these added features, we conducted a user survey based on three sources: Google Analytics, field study of experienced Fusion Tables users, and a user study to evaluate the UI and the collaboration tools. The results showed that approximately 40% of the visitors to the site use the collaboration features . Based on the user study, it appears that UI improvements can increase exposure to these features, and some additional functionality can be added to improve the collaboration features and provide a better collaboration system.
by Jonathan Goldberg Kidon.
M.Eng.
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Reuter, Christian [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinmetz, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Effelsberg. "Authoring Collaborative Multiplayer Games - Game Design Patterns, Structural Verification, Collaborative Balancing and Rapid Prototyping / Christian Reuter. Betreuer: Ralf Steinmetz ; Wolfgang Effelsberg." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112333169/34.
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Donato, Ridgley Israel Louis. "Decoding team performance in a self-organizing collaboration network using community structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-57).
When assembling a team, it is imperative to assess the ability of the team to perform the task in question and to compare the performance of potential teams. In this thesis, I investigate the predictive power of different community detection methods in determining team performance in the self-organizing Kaggle platform and find that my methodology can achieve an average accuracy of 57% when predicting the result of a competition while using no performance information to identify communities. First, I motivate our interest in team performance and why a network setting is useful, as well as present the Kaggle platform as a collaboration network of users on teams participating in competitions. Next, in order to identify communities, I applied a selection of techniques to project the Kaggle network onto a team network and applied both spectral methods and DBSCAN to identify communities of teams while remaining ignorant of their performances. Finally, I generated cross-cluster performance distributions, evaluated the significance of communities found, and calculated a predictor statistic. Using holdout validation, I test and compare the merits of the different community detection methods and find that the Cosine Similarity in conjunction with spectral methods yields the best performance and provides an average accuracy of 57% when predicting the pairwise results of a competition.
by Israel Louis Donato Ridgley.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Rupert, Maya. "Coévolution d'organisations sociales et spatiales dans les systèmes multi-agents : application aux systèmes de tagging collaboratifs." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688065.
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L'évolution du Web et de ses applications subit depuis quelques années une mutation vers les technologies qui incluent la dimension sociale comme entité de première classe. Nous témoignons dans le passage du Web 1.0 au Web 2.0 puis au Web 3.0, 4.0 etc.. que les utilisateurs et les réseaux sociaux qui se forment sont au centre de cette évolution. Le web exhibe aussi toutes les caractéristiques d'un système complexe. Ces propriétés systèmes complexes et cette dimension sociale doivent être prises en considération lors de la conception et le développement des applications web. Considérons le cas des systèmes de tagging ou d'étiquetage collaboratifs. Ces systèmes sont un exemple de systèmes complexes, auto-organisés et socialement conscients. Le paradigme des systèmes multi-agents coordonné par les mécanismes d'auto-organisations a été utilisé d'une façon effective pour la conception et modélisation des systèmes complexes. Les systèmes de tagging collaboratifs actuels ne prennent pas l'avantage complet de leurs caractéristiques systèmes complexes, surtout dans l'adaptation à leur environnement et l'émergence de nouvelles fonctionnalités. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons un modèle pour la conception et développement d'un nouveau système d'étiquetage collaboratif MySURF (My Similar Users, Resources, Folksonomies), utilisant une approche multi-agents gouvernée par la coévolution des organisations sociales et spatiales des agents. Nous montrons comment ce système proposé offre plusieurs nouvelles fonctionnalités qui peuvent améliorer les systèmes d'étiquetage collaboratifs actuels.
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Bernardo, Daniel. "Never Odd Or Even: Using Temporal Structures In Composing Music For Dance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115047/.
Full textAbstract:
This study engages the collaboration of dance and music, focusing primarily on experiences in the production of a large scale collaborative concert entitled Never Odd or Even. Famous historical collaborations offer archetypal collaborative models, the more unconventional of which are applied to the pieces of the concert. Issues and observations regarding cross-influence, project evolution, and application of the collaborative models are engaged to determine effective means of collaboration given different circumstances. The key focus of the study, the temporal relationship between music and dance, is explored in great detail to determine three models for relating time between music and dance. These temporal relationship models are applied to the pieces and evaluated on effectiveness and potential strengths when applied to dance.
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Mitchell, Clint Michael. "Protocol-structured Discussions to Improve Teaching and Interdisciplinary Learning: A School's Journey to School Reform." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76748.
Full textAbstract:
School divisions and principals are tasked with meeting state standards and federal annual measurable objectives (AMOs), as well as with closing the achievement gaps that exist in schools. To accomplish this mission, organizational learning, specifically the use of protocol-structured discussions, has become a fundamental component of school reform processes. Protocols to examine professional practice, engage in data-driven decision-making (DDDM), and look at student work have gained more notoriety as school reform strategies in K-12 education.
The purpose of this single-case embedded common qualitative case study was to examine and describe how Uprising Elementary School (UES), in the mid-Atlantic part of the United States, made changes during the school reform process that benefited students from 2012 to 2015. Qualitative data were collected through interviews, focus groups, observations, document reviews, and reflexive notes. I used NVivo 11 Pro to store the data transcripts by creating specific nodes and the constant comparative analysis method to determine themes in the data collected. During triangulation, the multiple sources of data of data kept the qualitative data reliable and accurate. The six findings included: (a) organization of the staff into organizational learning structures created a uniform system of continuous improvement, (b) leadership was a key element influencing the overall success of UES, (c) protocols can be organized into a professional learning model to promote organizational learning, (d) the professional learning model had a profound impact on organizational learning and teacher leadership, (e) the implementation of protocols had a positive effect on school culture, and (f) the strategic implementation of protocol-structured discussions as a school reform strategy transformed learning.Ed. D.