Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Collaborative and social computing'
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Gheitasy, Ali. "Socio-technical gaps and social capital formation in Online Collaborative Consumption communities." Thesis, University of West London, 2017. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/3835/.
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Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) are transforming social activities and interactions which are naturally varied and dynamic. In this process, ‘gaps’ develop between the technologies and emerging social requirements. Given that the main challenge for Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is to identify and ameliorate these socio-technical gaps, it is essential to understand how individuals work and collaborate in groups, societies, and communities. The main question addressed in this study regards the identification of these gaps in the social activities of Online Collaborative Consumption (OCC). The intention is to improve user experience and design requirements to support OCC at the socio-technical design level. OCC facilitates sharing, swapping, trading, or renting products, services, and resources, via the computer-mediated interactions. Etsy, an online marketplace and community for handmade and craft goods, is the focus of this study as a community in which OCC takes place. The evaluation of online communities by using an ethnographic approach is an equally important question which this study investigates. Due to a lack of standard methods, a new combined methodological approach is proposed in this research (Predictive ethnography) and it was used in evaluation of collaborative communities to investigate the socio-technical gaps. In this approach, online ethnography complemented predictive evaluation with the aid of heuristics including sociability, usability, and user experience (UX) items. These heuristics were drawn from previous literature as the success factors for the online communities. The textual interactions from discussions of the forum and teams on Etsy that were related to these heuristics were collected and coded. Over 1000 posts from 178 threads were collected. Their frequencies were measured to demonstrate their importance, and further ethnography helped the researcher in qualitative analysis and meaning making of the textual interactions. The subsidiary question this research aims to answer is how social capital is developed in the OCC communities. Social capital is utilised as a tool to enhance the understanding of the socio-technical requirements of OCC communities and to improve the process of social capital generation. The same above-mentioned methodological approach (Predictive ethnography) was applied with the heuristics replaced by social capital measures. Over 9500 posts collected from 97 threads from the textual discussions of different Etsy teams. This study investigates the social capital formation in different types of teams such as topic-based ones that are created based on the common interest topics, and location-based ones that are created based on the shared locations of the members. In the topic-based teams, a significant amount of knowledge sharing and intellectual capital was observed. In location-based teams, most interactions were within social interactions and relational capital. The new method proposed in this research has shown its effectiveness in gaining insight from the natural discussions of the members. In total, 33 socio-technical gaps were identified and presented with possible recommendations. The most significant gaps concerned: Trust creation features; relevant rules of behaviour; clear displayed policies; and social presence tools.
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Lima, Christopher Viana. "Context-aware framework for collaborative applications." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15921.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia InformáticaFuture pervasive environments will take into consideration not only individual user’s interest, but also social relationships. In this way, pervasive communities can lead the user to participate beyond traditional pervasive spaces, enabling the cooperation among groups and taking into account not only individual interests, but also the collective and social context. Social applications in CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) field represent new challenges and possibilities in terms of use of social context information for adaptability in pervasive environments. In particular, the research describes the approach in the design and development of a context.aware framework for collaborative applications (CAFCA), utilizing user’s context social information for proactive adaptations in pervasive environments. In order to validate the proposed framework an evaluation was conducted with a group of users based on enterprise scenario. The analysis enabled to verify the impact of the framework in terms of functionality and efficiency in real-world conditions. The main contribution of this thesis was to provide a context-aware framework to support collaborative applications in pervasive environments. The research focused on providing an innovative socio-technical approach to exploit collaboration in pervasive communities. Finally, the main results reside in social matching capabilities for session formation, communication and coordinations of groupware for collaborative activities.
O futuro dos ambientes pervasivos irá levar em consideração não só os interesses individuais dos utilizadores, mas também as relações sociais. Desta forma, a participação em comunidades pode levar o utilizador para além da experiência em espaços tradicionais pervasivos, permitindo a cooperação entre grupos e tendo em conta não só os intresses individuais, mas também o contexto coletivo e social. Aplicações sociais na área de CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) representam novos desafios e possibilidades em termos do uso da informação social de contexto para a adaptação e personalização em computação pervasiva. Esta tese explora o potencial da utilização consciente do contexto e das informações sociais em aplicações CSCW, a fim de apoiar a colaboração em ambientes pervasivos. Em particular, a investigação descreve a abordagem do design e desenvolvimento de um framework consciente do contexto para aplicações colaborativas (CAFCA), utilizando-se das informações de contexto e sociais dos utilizadores para adaptações proactivas em ambientes pervasivos. A fim de validar o framework proposto, uma avaliação foi realizada com um grupo de utilizadores, com base num cenário empresarial. A análise permitiu verificar o impacto do framework em termos de funcionalidade e eficiência em condições do mundo real. A principal contribuição deste trabalho foi desenvolver um framework contexto-aware para suportar aplicações de colaboração em ambientes pervasivos. A investigação centrou-se em uma abordagem sociotécnica inovadora de explorar a colaboração em comunidades. Os principais objetivos residem na capacidade social para formação de sessões, a comunicação e coordenação de groupware para atividades colaborativas.
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Abedin, Babak Information Systems Technology & Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "Investigating non???pedagogical sociability of asynchronous computer supported collaborative learning environments." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Information Systems, Technology & Management, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44577.
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While technologically Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) systems have been considerably improved, previous studies have shown that the social aspect of CSCL is often neglected or assumed to happen automatically just by creating such virtual learning environments. Several studies on the other hand showed sociability of CSCL environments strongly relate to online learning enjoyment and effectiveness of learning. Social interactions in CSCL can be broadly categorized as pedagogical/on-task and non-pedagogical/non-task interactions. Accordingly, this thesis investigates the non-pedagogical sociability of CSCL environments and primarily demonstrates that non-pedagogical/non-task interactions do occur in these environments. In addition, this thesis operationalizes the notion of non-pedagogical sociability of CSCL environments and determines factors that impact on it. A multi method approach for data collection and analysis is used. Results of a content analysis extend the Transcript Analysis Tool (TAT) instrument, the tool used for the content analysis, and show the presence and pattern of a substantial amount of nonpedagogical social exchanges occur in both virtual task-related as well as non-taskrelated spaces. The findings from the survey data, on the other hand, support the SIP theory and SIDE theory predictions and revealed that the sense of cohesion and awareness of others significantly impact on the non-pedagogical sociability of CSCL. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the perception of self-representation and perception of compatibility affect the sense of cohesion and awareness of others and indirectly contribute to the perceived non-pedagogical sociability of the environment. The findings of this thesis can be used in future research for investigating the relationship between the non-pedagogical sociability of CSCL and other CSCL factors. It also provides CSCL lecturers and facilitators with a conceptual model by which sociability can be explicitly addressed in their course planning and delivery processes. From a practical point of view, this study develops and validates an instrument that guides required changes in the CSCL for improving the non-pedagogical social functionality of the environment. The findings also stress the importance of virtual spaces in CSCL design exercises in order to provide opportunities for students to have non-task discussions and to reflect on their own and others??? experiences and ideas.
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Ariyattu, Resmi. "Towards federated social infrastructures for plug-based decentralized social networks." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S031/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous abordons deux problèmes soulevés par les systèmes distribués décentralisés - le placement de réseaux logiques de façon compatible avec le réseau physique sous-jacent et la construction de cohortes d'éditeurs pour dans les systèmes d'édition collaborative. Bien que les réseaux logiques (overlay networks) été largement étudiés, la plupart des systèmes existant ne prennent pas ou prennent mal en compte la topologie du réseau physique sous-jacent, alors que la performance de ces systèmes dépend dans une grande mesure de la manière dont leur topologie logique exploite la localité présente dans le réseau physique sur lequel ils s'exécutent. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons dans cette thèse Fluidify, un mécanisme décentralisé pour le déploiement d'un réseau logique sur une infrastructure physique qui cherche à maximiser la localité du déploiement. Fluidify utilise une stratégie double qui exploite à la fois les liaisons logiques d'un réseau applicatif et la topologie physique de son réseau sous-jacent pour aligner progressivement l'une avec l'autre. Le protocole résultant est générique, efficace, évolutif et peut améliorer considérablement les performances de l'ensemble. La deuxième question que nous abordons traite des plates-formes d'édition collaborative. Ces plates-formes permettent à plusieurs utilisateurs distants de contribuer simultanément au même document. Seuls un nombre limité d'utilisateurs simultanés peuvent être pris en charge par les éditeurs actuellement déployés. Un certain nombre de solutions pair-à-pair ont donc été proposées pour supprimer cette limitation et permettre à un grand nombre d'utilisateurs de collaborer sur un même document sans aucune coordination centrale. Ces plates-formes supposent cependant que tous les utilisateurs d'un système éditent le même jeu de document, ce qui est peu vraisemblable. Pour ouvrir la voie à des systèmes plus flexibles, nous présentons, Filament, un protocole décentralisé de construction de cohorte adapté aux besoins des grands éditeurs collaboratifs. Filament élimine la nécessité de toute table de hachage distribuée (DHT) intermédiaire et permet aux utilisateurs travaillant sur le même document de se retrouver d'une manière rapide, efficace et robuste en générant un champ de routage adaptatif autour d'eux-mêmes. L'architecture de Filament repose sur un ensemble de réseaux logiques auto-organisées qui exploitent les similarités entre jeux de documents édités par les utilisateurs. Le protocole résultant est efficace, évolutif et fournit des propriétés bénéfiques d'équilibrage de charge sur les pairs impliquésIn this thesis, we address two issues in the area of decentralized distributed systems: network-aware overlays and collaborative editing. Even though network overlays have been extensively studied, most solutions either ignores the underlying physical network topology, or uses mechanisms that are specific to a given platform or applications. This is problematic, as the performance of an overlay network strongly depends on the way its logical topology exploits the underlying physical network. To address this problem, we propose Fluidify, a decentralized mechanism for deploying an overlay network on top of a physical infrastructure while maximizing network locality. Fluidify uses a dual strategy that exploits both the logical links of an overlay and the physical topology of its underlying network to progressively align one with the other. The resulting protocol is generic, efficient, scalable and can substantially improve network overheads and latency in overlay based systems. The second issue that we address focuses on collaborative editing platforms. Distributed collaborative editors allow several remote users to contribute concurrently to the same document. Only a limited number of concurrent users can be supported by the currently deployed editors. A number of peer-to-peer solutions have therefore been proposed to remove this limitation and allow a large number of users to work collaboratively. These decentralized solution assume however that all users are editing the same set of documents, which is unlikely to be the case. To open the path towards more flexible decentralized collaborative editors, we present Filament, a decentralized cohort-construction protocol adapted to the needs of large-scale collaborative editors. Filament eliminates the need for any intermediate DHT, and allows nodes editing the same document to find each other in a rapid, efficient and robust manner by generating an adaptive routing field around themselves. Filament's architecture hinges around a set of collaborating self-organizing overlays that utilizes the semantic relations between peers. The resulting protocol is efficient, scalable and provides beneficial load-balancing properties over the involved peers
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Tay, Chee Bin, and Whye Kee Mui. "An architecture for network centric operations in unconventional crisis: lessons learnt from Singapore's SARS experience." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1303.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedSingapore and many parts of Asia were hit with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in March 2003. The spread of SARS lead to a rapidly deteriorating and chaotic situation. Because SARS was a new infection, there was no prior knowledge that could be referenced to tackle such a complex, unknown and rapidly changing problem. Fortunately, through sound measures coupled with good leadership, quick action and inter-agency cooperation, the situation was quickly brought under control. This thesis uses the SARS incident as a case study to identify a set of network centric warfare methodologies and technologies that can be leveraged to facilitate the understanding and management of complex and rapidly changing situations. The same set of methodologies and technologies can also be selectively reused and extended to handle other situations in asymmetric and unconventional warfare.
Office of Force Transformation, DoD US Future Systems Directorate, MINDEF Singapore.
Lieutenant, Republic of Singapore Army
Civilian, Defence Science and Technology Agency, Singapore
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Zhu, Haiyi. "Essays on Achieving Success in Peer Production: Contributor Management, Best Practice Transfer and Inter- Community Relationships." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/600.
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Since the late twentieth century, open source software projects (e.g., the GNU/Linux operating system, the Apache web server, Perl and many others) have achieved phenomenal success. This success can be attributed to a new paradigm of productivity in which individuals voluntarily collaborate to produce knowledge, goods and services. Benkler claims this productivity paradigm is a “new, third mode of production” particularly suited for “the digitally networked environment” (2002). In addition to its application to open source software projects, the peer production model, in different forms, has been used in areas such as science/citizen science (Silvertown, 2009), library science (Weinberger, 2007), politics (Castells, 2007; Jenkins, 2006), education (Daniel, 2012), journalism (Gillmor, 2004), and culture (Jenkins, 2006; Lessig, 2004). As peer production has flourished, merely describing successful cases has become less useful. Instead, scholars must identify the dynamics, structures, and conditions that contribute to or impede that success. In this dissertation, I focus on three management challenges at three distinct levels that impede the success of peer production. At the individual level, one significant question is how to best organize individual contributors with differing goals, experience, and commitment to achieve a collective outcome. At the practice level, peer production communities, like corporations, must often transfer best practices from one unit to another to improve performance. This transfer process poses the challenge of how to adapt and modify an original practice to make it effective in the new context. At the community level, peer production communities must learn to survive and succeed in a large ecosystem of related communities. This dissertation combines theoretical approaches in organization science with in-depth empirical analysis on a range of peer production communities to examine the mechanisms that help the communities overcome these three management challenges and succeed in peer production. The contributions of my dissertation are twofold. For scholars and researchers, my dissertation advances the theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms of successful peer production systems. For practitioners, my dissertation offers practical advice to build more effective peer production projects and platforms.
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Gears, Deborah A. "Wiki Behavior in the Workplace: Emotional Aspects of Content Development." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/161.
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Wikis have been found to be an easy-to-use, low-cost, and Internet-based technology useful in creating and mobilizing knowledge. Wikis hosted within firms (corporate wikis) have become a popular way for employees to share information and collaborate.
Preliminary research suggested that as few as 6% of wiki consumers contributed to the development of wiki pages. Conventional approaches argued that employees judged the costs of participating in wikis (e.g., authoring or changing material, reading messages, following an argument, and posting responses) to exceed the benefits of participating in wikis (e.g., recognition, reputation etc.) - thus many people "lurked" but did not post. Considering that people contemplated perceived benefits with costs of participating in wikis, research emphasized the cognitive aspects of decision-making.
The emotional aspects of wiki participation in firms have received little research attention. Yet, research in other fields such as law, economics, and health showed that emotions played a critical role in human decision making, where feelings were shown to outweigh contemplated costs and benefits. For example, Kiviniemi, Voss-Humke, and Siefert (2007) found that positive feelings about exercise resulted in more physical activity whereas positive feelings about food resulted in unhealthy food choices. For Wikipedia, a public wiki, studies suggested that emotion might be an important motivator in participation.
The purpose of this research was to study the role of emotion in corporate wiki participation. Since the area of research is new, the contextual details of wikis in an organizational setting made it difficult for a researcher to separate the context from the main effects. A grounded theory approach was needed. Under grounded theory, one starts with the data and builds arguments or theories from the "ground up."
This study used a grounded theory methodology to reveal data through interviews, employee journals, observations, wiki statistics, and other documentation. Data were analyzed on a continuum using grounded theory coding to identify codes, categories, concepts, and properties and to recognize relationships among concepts. An exploration of emotion in an organizational context resulted in theories that provided an important beginning to understanding wiki experiences and improving wiki outcomes.
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Grosso, Laura Margaret. "Computing collaboration : a study of the potential of model building to facilitate urban water supply planning in selected cities of Zimbabwe, Estonia, and Sweden /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10804.
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Hamadache, Kahina. "Collaboration intelligente et transparente. Apports de l'informatique ubiquitaire au travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841484.
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Ces travaux de thèse apportent une contribution aux domaines de l'informatique pervasive et du travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur. Nous explorons ces domaines par une présentation étendue de différents travaux se rapportant aux modèles de collaboration, aux différentes conceptions ainsi qu'aux méthodes d'évaluation. Notre principale contribution pour ces domaines est le modèle PCSCW, qui propose une approche original pour l'intégration de l'aspect pervasif au sein de la collaboration. En se basant sur un modèle ontologique représentant le contexte des utilisateurs ainsi que sur un ensemble de règles de collaborations entres machines, notre travail permet aux dispositifs intelligents d'analyser et de trouver la meilleure façon de se comporter et de collaborer avec les autres machines de l'environnement afin de canaliser et de faciliter de manière transparente et efficace la collaboration entres les humains. Nous proposons également une méthodologie permettant aux développeurs de systèmes collaboratifs pervasifs de construire leurs propres stratégies d'évaluations.
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Chen, Hsinchun, Jay F. Nunamaker, Richard E. Orwig, and Olga Titkova. "Information Visualization for Collaborative Computing." IEEE, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105495.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaA prototype tool classifies output from an electronic meeting system into a manageable list of concepts, topics, or issues that a group can further evaluate. In an experiment with output from GroupSystems electronic meeting system, the tool's recall ability was comparable to that of a human facilitator, but took roughly a sixth of the time.
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DI, BIASE ELISA. "New technologies, social perspectives and communication roles within the knowledge society." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41844.
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Nowadays the entire process of creation and communication of knowledge is in the
middle of a profound transformation. In the background there is our Web civilization,
got used to a technology encapsulated into everyday objects, into multimedia devices
and digital artifacts, or embedded within artificial environments and intelligent systems.
Technology-augmented tools are offering the possibility of expanding natural
boundaries, of enriching our senses and awareness, of pervading every single moment
of our life.
The thesis tries to approach what is happening in our Knowledge Society, where new
technological devices and tools are modifying our lifestyles and activities, pervading the
environments where we conduct academic research, read write or publish new cultural
contents, teach and learn at school: social and academic networks, virtual and
augmented worlds, tablets and e-readers, large interactive screens and Interactive
WhiteBoards are populating our space and time, changing our way of generating and
sharing knowledge.
After deepening the Knowledge Society concept and future perspectives, the aim of
the thesis is to describe some of the latest possibilities offered by the mutated
technological scenario, such as Ubiquitous Computing paradigm, new interfaces,
virtual/augmented world opportunities, and reflect upon the new social behaviors and
paradigms that can rise: the description of different case studies and personal
experimentations will show new participating opportunities and the deconstruction of
established roles within research, cultural and educational contexts.
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Garbash, Dor Avraham. "Organisational awareness : mapping human capital for enhancing collaboration in organisations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB134/document.
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Comment peut-on devenir plus conscients des sources de connaissance au sein des organisations des humains? Les changements économiques et technologiques rapides forcent les organisations à devenir plus souples, agiles et interdisciplinaires. Pour cela, les organisations cherchent des alternatives pour les structures de communication hiérarchiques traditionnelles qui entravent les pratiques de collaboration ascendantes. Pour que les méthodes ascendantes soient efficaces, il est nécessaire d'offrir aux membres l'accès à l'information et à l'expertise dont ils ont besoin pour prendre des décisions qualifiées. Ceci est un défi complexe qui implique la culture organisationnelle, l'informatique et les pratiques de travail. Un défaut au niveau de l'application de ce système peut aborder des points critiques qui peuvent ralentir les processus de travail, d'entraver l'innovation et qui conduisent souvent au travail suboptimal et redondant. Par exemple, une enquête 2014 de 152 dirigeants de Campus IT aux Etats-Unis, estime que 19% des systèmes informatiques du campus sont redondants, ce qui coûte les universités des Etats-Unis 3.8B$ par an. Dans l'ensemble, les travailleurs intellectuels trouvent l'information dont ils ont besoin seulement 56% du temps. Avec un quart du temps total des travailleurs intellectuels consacré à la recherche et l'analyse des informations. Ce gaspillage de temps coûte 7K$ pour chaque employé par an. Un autre exemple du gaspillage est celui des nouveaux arrivants et des employés promus qui peuvent prendre jusqu'à 2 ans pour s'intégrer pleinement au sein de leur département. En outre et selon des enquêtes étendues, seulement 28% des apprenants estiment que leurs organisations actuelles «utilisent pleinement» les compétences qu'ils ont actuellement capable d'offrir et 66% prévoient quitter leur organisation en 2020. Réussir la résolution de ce défi est capable de motiver les membres de l'organisation, ainsi que d'y améliorer l'innovation et l'apprentissage. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre ce problème en explorant les défis rencontrés par le service d'informatique dans une université et un centre de recherche interdisciplinaire. Deuxièmement, co-développer et mettre en œuvre une solution avec ces institutions, je décris leur utilisation des logiciels que nous avons développés, les résultats et la valeur obtenus avec ces pilotes. Troisièmement, tester l'efficacité de la solution, et explorer de nouvelles applications et le potentiel d'un tel système similaire pour être utilisé dans une plus grande échelle. Pour mieux comprendre le problème je me suis engagé dans une discussion avec les membres et les dirigeants des deux organisations. Une conclusion importante des discussions est que les membres de ces organisations souffrent souvent d'un manque de sensibilisation à propos de leurs connaissances-compétences au niveau d'organisation du capital, et la connaissance des processus et des relations sociales avec leurs collègues dans l'organisation. Grâce à cette exposition, les idées novatrices, les opportunités et les intérêts communs des pairs sont sévèrement limités. Cela provoque des retards inutiles dans les projets inter-équipes, des goulots d'étranglement, et un manque de sensibilisation sur les possibilités de stages. Aussi, j'ai craqué le problème et je l’avais défini comme l'une des informations de fragmentation: Différentes informations sont stockées dans des bases de données disparates ou dans la tête des gens, exigeant un effort et de savoir-faire pour l'obtenir. (...)How can we become more aware of the sources of insight within human organisations? Rapid economical and technological changes force organisations to become more adaptive, agile and interdisciplinary. In light of this, organisations are seeking alternatives for traditional hierarchical communication structures that hinder bottom-up collaboration practices. Effective bottom-up methods require empowering members with access to the information and expertise they need to take qualified decisions. This is a complex challenge that involves organisational culture, IT and work practices. Failing to address it creates bottlenecks that can slow down business processes, hinder innovation and often lead to suboptimal and redundant work. For example, a 2014 survey of 152 Campus IT leaders in the US, estimated that 19% of the campus IT systems are redundant, costing US universities 3.8B$ per year. In aggregate, knowledge workers find the information they need only 56% of the time. With a quarter of knowledge workers total work time spent in finding and analyzing information. This time waste alone costs 7K$ per employee annually. Another example of the waste created is that newcomers and remote employees may take up to 2 years to fully integrate within their department. Furthermore according to extended surveys, only 28% of millennials feel that their current organizations are making ‘full use’ of the skills they currently have to offer and 66% expect to leave their organisation by 2020. Successfully resolving this challenge holds the potential to motivate organisation members, as well as enhance innovation and learning within it. The focus of this thesis is to better understand this problem by exploring the challenges faced by a university IT department and an interdisciplinary research center. Second, co-develop and implement a solution with these institutions, I describe their usage of the software tool we developed, outcomes and value obtained in these pilots. Third, test the effectiveness of the solution, and explore further applications and potential for a similar system to be used in a wider scale. To better understand the problem I engaged in discussion with members and leaders of both organisations. An important conclusion from the discussions is that members of these organizations often suffer from lack of awareness about their organisation’s knowledge capital—the competencies, knowledge of processes and social connections of their colleagues. Due to this exposure to innovative ideas, opportunities and common interests of peers is severely limited. This causes unnecessary delays in inter-team projects, bottlenecks, and lack of awareness about internship opportunities. I further broke down the problem, and defined it as one of information fragmentation: Different information is stored in disparate databases or inside people’s heads, requiring effort and know-how in order to obtain it. Following the conclusions of this analysis and state-of-the-art review, we have set together the goal to create a collaborative visual database to map the people, projects, skills and institutions for the IT department of Descartes University, and in addition, people, interests and internship opportunities within the CRI, an interdisciplinary research and education center. We have also conducted interviews, surveys and quizzes that ascertain that people had difficulties identifying experts outside their core teams. During the course of this thesis, I progressively addressed this challenge by developing two collaborative web applications called Rhizi and Knownodes. Knownodes is a collaborative knowledge graph which utilized information-rich edges to describe relationships between resources. Rhizi is a real-time and collaborative knowledge capital mapping interface. A prominent unique feature of Rhizi is that it provides a UI that turns text-based assertions made by users into a visual knowledge graph. (...)
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Khalifa, Ahmed Abdelmonem Abuelfotooh Ali. "Collaborative Computing Cloud: Architecture and Management Platform." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72866.
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We are witnessing exponential growth in the number of powerful, multiply-connected, energy-rich stationary and mobile nodes, which will make available a massive pool of computing and communication resources. We claim that cloud computing can provide resilient on-demand computing, and more effective and efficient utilization of potentially infinite array of resources. Current cloud computing systems are primarily built using stationary resources. Recently, principles of cloud computing have been extended to the mobile computing domain aiming to form local clouds using mobile devices sharing their computing resources to run cloud-based services.
However, current cloud computing systems by and large fail to provide true on-demand computing due to their lack of the following capabilities: 1) providing resilience and autonomous adaptation to the real-time variation of the underlying dynamic and scattered resources as they join or leave the formed cloud; 2) decoupling cloud management from resource management, and hiding the heterogeneous resource capabilities of participant nodes; and 3) ensuring reputable resource providers and preserving the privacy and security constraints of these providers while allowing multiple users to share their resources. Consequently, systems and consumers are hindered from effectively and efficiently utilizing the virtually infinite pool of computing resources.
We propose a platform for mobile cloud computing that integrates: 1) a dynamic real-time resource scheduling, tracking, and forecasting mechanism; 2) an autonomous resource management system; and 3) a cloud management capability for cloud services that hides the heterogeneity, dynamicity, and geographical diversity concerns from the cloud operation. We hypothesize that this would enable 'Collaborative Computing Cloud (C3)' for on-demand computing, which is a dynamically formed cloud of stationary and/or mobile resources to provide ubiquitous computing on-demand. The C3 would support a new resource-infinite computing paradigm to expand problem solving beyond the confines of walled-in resources and services by utilizing the massive pool of computing resources, in both stationary and mobile nodes.
In this dissertation, we present a C3 management platform, named PlanetCloud, for enabling both a new resource-infinite computing paradigm using cloud computing over stationary and mobile nodes, and a true ubiquitous on-demand cloud computing. This has the potential to liberate cloud users from being concerned about resource constraints and provides access to cloud anytime and anywhere.
PlanetCloud synergistically manages 1) resources to include resource harvesting, forecasting and selection, and 2) cloud services concerned with resilient cloud services to include resource provider collaboration, application execution isolation from resource layer concerns, seamless load migration, fault-tolerance, the task deployment, migration, revocation, etc. Specifically, our main contributions in the context of PlanetCloud are as follows.
1. PlanetCloud Resource Management
• Global Resource Positioning System (GRPS):
Global mobile and stationary resource discovery and monitoring. A novel distributed spatiotemporal resource calendaring mechanism with real-time synchronization is proposed to mitigate the effect of failures occurring due to unstable connectivity and availability in the dynamic mobile environment, as well as the poor utilization of resources. This mechanism provides a dynamic real-time scheduling and tracking of idle mobile and stationary resources. This would enhance resource discovery and status tracking to provide access to the right-sized cloud resources anytime and anywhere.
• Collaborative Autonomic Resource Management System (CARMS):
Efficient use of idle mobile resources. Our platform allows sharing of resources, among stationary and mobile devices, which enables cloud computing systems to offer much higher utilization, resulting in higher efficiency. CARMS provides system-managed cloud services such as configuration, adaptation and resilience through collaborative autonomic management of dynamic cloud resources and membership. This helps in eliminating the limited self and situation awareness and collaboration of the idle mobile resources.
2. PlanetCloud Cloud Management
Architecture for resilient cloud operation on dynamic mobile resources to provide stable cloud in a continuously changing operational environment. This is achieved by using trustworthy fine-grained virtualization and task management layer, which isolates the running application from the underlying physical resource enabling seamless execution over heterogeneous stationary and mobile resources. This prevents the service disruption due to variable resource availability. The virtualization and task management layer comprises a set of distributed powerful nodes that collaborate autonomously with resource providers to manage the virtualized application partitions.Ph. D.
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Yang, Seokwon. "Security and trust management in collaborative computing." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002375.
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Kylenborg, Mattias, Sebastian Karlsson, and Teixeira Edvin Wohlin. "En för alla, alla för en! : En tolkande fallstudie kring medarbetares konceptualisering och användande av kollaborativa molnsystem." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135061.
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An increasing amount of organisations are moving their IT-operations to cloud computing systems which fundamentally changes the role of IT within the organisations. This affects how end users perceive the IT-artefacts and how they interact with them. Research regarding IS-Strategy invariably return to the subject that is IT-implementation and discuss what organisations can do to promote a smoother transition towards new IT-artefacts. We use acquainted research from IS-strategy, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and technology acceptance to help us gain a broader understanding of end user adoption. The nature of cloud computing systems differs from older technologies, regarding the opportunities they provide organisations with. We imply that there is a lack of understanding of how theories and concepts originating from these research areas can be combined to study a cloud computing implementation. This interpretative case study focuses on shedding new light on how the unique capabilities of cloud computing systems affect IT-implementation as we know it. Our data were collected through interviews conducted at an IT-consulting company. The data analysis revealed that end user adoption is dependent on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to find perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The analysis also shows that users whom are less willing to adopt are more dependent on an IS-strategy that promotes the use of supportive extrinsic motivation. We also discuss an unexpected finding: perceived purpose of use. We propose that the perceived purpose of use is a construction by individuals, originating from the lack of understanding the organisations explicit purpose for implementing and using the cloud computing system. This finding aims to explain why the use of the different functions is fragmented within our research. This study contributes with a new concept and rich insights that reveals the key relations that affects end user adoption and their conceptualization of a collaborative cloud computing system.
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Buszko, Dominik. "A lightweight collaborative API for ad-hoc mobile computing." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2000. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2000/ane5875/edt5.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2000.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 92 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-91).
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Luther, Kurt. "Supporting and transforming leadership in online creative collaboration." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45822.
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Online creative collaboration is challenging our basic assumptions about how people can create together. Volunteers from around the world who meet and communicate over the Internet have written the world's largest encyclopedia, developed market-leading software products, solved important open problems in mathematics, and produced award-winning films, among many examples. A growing body of research refutes the popular myth that these projects succeed through "self-organization" and instead points to the critical importance of effective leadership. Yet, we know little about what these leaders actually do, the challenges they must manage, and how technology supports or hinders their efforts.
In this dissertation, I investigated the role of leadership in online creative collaboration. I first conducted two empirical studies of existing leadership practices, focusing on the domain of online, collaborative animation projects called "collabs." In the first study, I identified the major challenges faced by collab leaders. In the second study, I identified leader traits and behaviors correlated with success. These initial findings suggested that many collab leaders, overburdened and lacking adequate technological support, respond by attempting less ambitious projects and adopting centralized leadership styles. Despite these efforts, leaders frequently become overburdened, and more than 80% of collabs fail.
To ease the burden on leaders and encourage more complex, successful projects, I led the development of a web-based, open-source software tool called Pipeline. Pipeline can support leadership by reinforcing a traditional, top-down approach, or transform leadership by redistributing it across many members of a group. This latter approach relies on social processes, rather than technical constraints, to guide behavior.
I evaluated Pipeline's ability to effectively support and transform leadership through a detailed case study of Holiday Flood, a six-week collaboration involving nearly 30 artists from around the world. The case study showed that formal leaders remained influential and Pipeline supported their traditional, centralized approach. However, there was also evidence that Pipeline transformed some leadership behaviors, such as clarifying, informing, and monitoring, by redistributing them beyond the project's formal leaders. The result was a significantly more ambitious project which attained its goals and earned high praise from the community.
The main contributions of this dissertation include: (1) a rich description of existing leadership practices in online creative collaboration; (2) the development of redistributed leadership as a theoretical framework for analyzing the relationship between leadership and technological support; (3) design implications for supporting and transform leadership; (4) a case study illustrating how technology can support and transform leadership in the real world; and (5) the Pipeline collaboration tool itself, released as open-source software.
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Almeida, Thiago Rodrigues Meira de. "A collaborative architecture agianst DDOS attacks for cloud computing systems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-25032019-114624/.
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Distributed attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) ones, require not only the deployment of standalone security mechanisms responsible for monitoring a limited portion of the network, but also distributed mechanisms which are able to jointly detect and mitigate the attack before the complete exhaustion of network resources. This need led to the proposal of several collaborative security mechanisms, covering different phases of the attack mitigation: from its detection to the relief of the system after the attack subsides. It is expected that such mechanisms enable the collaboration among security nodes through the distributed enforcement of security policies, either by installing security rules (e.g., for packet filtering) and/or by provisioning new specialized security nodes on the network. Albeit promising, existing proposals that distribute security tasks among collaborative nodes usually do not consider an optimal allocation of computational resources. As a result, their operation may result in a poor Quality of Service for legitimate packet flows during the mitigation of a DDoS attack. Aiming to tackle this issue, this work proposes a collaborative solution against DDoS attacks with two main goals: (1) ensure an optimal use of resources already available in the attack\'s datapath in a proactive way, and (2) optimize the placement of security tasks among the collaborating security nodes. Regardless the characteristics of each main goal, legitimate traffic must be preserved as packet loss is reduced as much as possible.Sem resumo
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Kao, Yi-Hsuan. "Optimizing task assignment for collaborative computing over heterogeneous network devices." Thesis, University of Southern California, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10124490.
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The Internet of Things promises to enable a wide range of new applications involving sensors, embedded devices and mobile devices. Different from traditional cloud computing, where the centralized and powerful servers offer high quality computing service, in the era of the Internet of Things, there are abundant computational resources distributed over the network. These devices are not as powerful as servers, but are easier to access with faster setup and short-range communication. However, because of energy, computation, and bandwidth constraints on smart things and other edge devices, it will be imperative to collaboratively run a computational-intensive application that a single device cannot support individually. As many IoT applications, like data processing, can be divided into multiple tasks, we study the problem of assigning such tasks to multiple devices taking into account their abilities and the costs, and latencies associated with both task computation and data communication over the network.
A system that leverages collaborative computing over the network faces highly variant run-time environment. For example, the resource released by a device may suddenly decrease due to the change of states on local processes, or the channel quality may degrade due to mobility. Hence, such a system has to learn the available resources, be aware of changes and flexibly adapt task assignment strategy that efficiently makes use of these resources.
We take a step by step approach to achieve these goals. First, we assume that the amount of resources are deterministic and known. We formulate a task assignment problem that aims to minimize the application latency (system response time) subject to a single cost constraint so that we will not overuse the available resource. Second, we consider that each device has its own cost budget and our new multi-constrained formulation clearly attributes the cost to each device separately. Moving a step further, we assume that the amount of resources are stochastic processes with known distributions, and solve a stochastic optimization with a strong QoS constraint. That is, instead of providing a guarantee on the average latency, our task assignment strategy gives a guarantee that p% of time the latency is less than t, where p and t are arbitrary numbers. Finally, we assume that the amount of run-time resources are unknown and stochastic, and design online algorithms that learn the unknown information within limited amount of time and make competitive task assignment.
We aim to develop algorithms that efficiently make decisions at run-time. That is, the computational complexity should be as light as possible so that running the algorithm does not incur considerable overhead. For optimizations based on known resource profile, we show these problems are NP-hard and propose polynomial-time approximation algorithms with performance guarantee, where the performance loss caused by sub-optimal strategy is bounded. For online learning formulations, we propose light algorithms for both stationary environment and non-stationary environment and show their competitiveness by comparing the performance with the optimal offline policy (solved by assuming the resource profile is known).
We perform comprehensive numerical evaluations, including simulations based on trace data measured at application run-time, and validate our analysis on algorithm's complexity and performance based on the numerical results. Especially, we compare our algorithms with the existing heuristics and show that in some cases the performance loss given by the heuristic is considerable due to the sub-optimal strategy. Hence, we conclude that to efficiently leverage the distributed computational resource over the network, it is essential to formulate a sophisticated optimization problem that well captures the practical scenarios, and provide an algorithm that is light in complexity and suggests a good assignment strategy with performance guarantee.
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Thomas, Neal. "Social computing as social rationality." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106409.
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This project concerns the ways in which social computing functions as a rational steering medium in network societies. Exploring cases that include the structured data protocols of an ascendant "Web 3.0", Google PageRank and collaborative filtering services, the work unearths some key intellectual commitments at work in the technologies. Each software structure constructs a kind of social rationality, by combining the lived experience of users with its rationalizing computational processes. The cases have been chosen as among those digital tools increasingly relied upon to coordinate action in everyday life: organizing people and knowledge in diverse ways, recalibrating the operations of large bureaucracies and institutions, serving as new feedback mechanisms for the network economy, and functioning as novel formats for everyday communication between friends, family and citizenry. To help compare the cases, the project outlines several philosophical forms of rationality. Doing so helps in turn to highlight three aspects of social computing: how certain conditions of epistemic validity and successful action are being encoded into software algorithms and protocols; how each case rationally models the achievement of consensus, via some configuration of the semantics and pragmatics of language, and finally, how each case enrolls distributed social participation to potentiate the conditions of its operation.Ce projet concerne la manière dont l'informatique sociale fonctionne comme un moyen de direction rationnelle dans la société en réseau. Avec les cas qui comprennent les protocoles du Web sémantique, Google PageRank et les services de filtrage par collaboration, l'oeuvre déterre certains engagements clés intellectuelle dans les technologies, qui indiquent comment chacun des technologies construit le rationalité sociale à travers son processus de calcul. Les cas ont été choisis parmi ceux des outils numériques de plus en plus invoquée pour coordonner l'action dans la vie quotidienne: pour l'organisation de gens, le savoir et les institutions de diverses manières, pour le fonctionnement de grandes bureaucraties et les institutions, pour les mécanismes de rétroaction dans l'économie en réseau, et comme formats nouveaux pour la communication sociale quotidienne entre amis, famille et collègues. Pour comparer les cas, le projet de recherche décrit plusieurs formes de la rationalité philosophique: instrumental de l'objet visé, économique, communicative et socio-techniques. Cela permet de souligner à son tour trois aspects de l'informatique sociale: comment les conditions de validité épistémique et de 'action réussie' sont encodés dans des algorithmes logiciels et les protocoles ; la façon dont chacun des modèles de cas technologie rationnelle parvenus à un consensus par une certaine configuration de la sémantique et pragmatique du langage ; et comment des interactions sociaux sont inscrit de façon distribuée, pour potentialiser les conditions de leurs fonctionnement.
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Wilson, Dany. "Architecture for a Fully Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Collaborative Computing Platform." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32790.
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We present an architecture for a fully decentralized peer-to-peer collaborative computing platform, offering services similar to Cloud Service Provider’s Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) model, using volunteered resources rather than dedicated resources. This thesis is motivated by three research questions: (1) Is it possible to build a peer-to-peer col- laborative system using a fully decentralized infrastructure relying only on volunteered resources?, (2) How can light virtualization be used to mitigate the complexity inherent to the volunteered resources?, and (3) What are the minimal requirements for a computing platform similar to the PaaS cloud computing platform?
We propose an architecture composed of three layers: the Network layer, the Virtual layer, and the Application layer.
We also propose to use light virtualization technologies, or containers, to provide a uniform abstraction of the contributing resources and to isolate the host environment from the contributed environment. Then, we propose a minimal API specification for this computing platform, which is also applicable to PaaS computing platforms.
The findings of this thesis corroborate the hypothesis that peer-to-peer collaborative systems can be used as a basis for developing volunteer cloud computing infrastructures. We outline the implications of using light virtualization as an integral virtualization primitive in public distributed computing platform. Finally, this thesis lays out a starting point for most volunteer cloud computing infrastructure development effort, because it circumscribes the essential requirements and presents solutions to mitigate the complexities inherent to this paradigm.
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Lejk, Mark. "Group assessment on undergraduate computing courses in higher education in the UK." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302525.
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Schaefer, Matthew R. "On PlaceMark: Collaborative Authoring, Place, and Identity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33903.
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Mobile, digital technologies are thought to augment and transcend the limits of our places, yet they raise the issue of what our places are. PlaceMark is a simple, distributed collaborative authoring environment constructed in conjunction with a site-specific writing activity. This system is examined as a cultural probe, investigating how new media students engage in collaborative writing and how they construct place. Findings include that students engage in the activity as if in parallel play (influencing one another implicitly rather than explicitly), that approaching the notion of place through writing may require development (working through issues brought to the place and the exercise), and that students' relationship to place, at least when asked to write about places that may be considered natural, is not characterized by certainty in behavioral framing.Master of Science
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Hou, Hailong. "Computing with Granular Words." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_theses/73.
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Computational linguistics is a sub-field of artificial intelligence; it is an interdisciplinary field dealing with statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. Traditionally, fuzzy logic is used to deal with fuzziness among single linguistic terms in documents. However, linguistic terms may be related to other types of uncertainty. For instance, different users search ‘cheap hotel’ in a search engine, they may need distinct pieces of relevant hidden information such as shopping, transportation, weather, etc. Therefore, this research work focuses on studying granular words and developing new algorithms to process them to deal with uncertainty globally. To precisely describe the granular words, a new structure called Granular Information Hyper Tree (GIHT) is constructed. Furthermore, several technologies are developed to cooperate with computing with granular words in spam filtering and query recommendation. Based on simulation results, the GIHT-Bayesian algorithm can get more accurate spam filtering rate than conventional method Naive Bayesian and SVM; computing with granular word also generates better recommendation results based on users’ assessment when applied it to search engine.
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Kaplan, Ali. "Collaborative framework for high-performance p2p-based data transfer in scientific computing." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380091.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Computer Science, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 19, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7668. Adviser: Geoffrey C. Fox.
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Warrender, Robert. "A framework for efficient cluster computing services in a collaborative university environment." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2015. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/5837/.
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Parallel computing techniques have become more important especially now that we have effectively reached the limit on individual processor speeds due to unacceptable levels of heat generation. Multi-core processors are already the norm and will continue to rise in terms of number of cores in the near future. However clusters of machines remain the next major step up in system performance effectively allowing vast numbers of cores to be devoted to any given problem. It is in that context that this Professional Doctorate thesis and Portfolio exists. Most parallel or cluster based software is custom built for an application using techniques such as OpenMP or MPI. But what if the capability of writing such software does not exist, what if the very act of writing a new piece of software compromises the integrity of an industry standard piece of software currently being used in a research project? The first outcome was to explore how grid/cluster computing teaching and learning facilities could be made accessible to students and teaching staff alike within the Department of Computing, Engineering & Technology in order to enhance the student experience. This was achieved through the development of VCNet, a virtual technology cluster solution, based on the design of the University of Sunderland Cluster Computer (USCC) and capable of running behind a dual boot arrangement on standard teaching machines. The second outcome of this Professional Doctorate was to produce a framework for efficient cluster computing services in a collaborative university environment. Although small by national and international standards, the USCC, with its forty machines and 160 cores, packs a mighty punch in computing terms. Through the work of this doctorate, ‘supercomputer class’ performance has been successfully used in cross- disciplinary research through the development and use of the Application Framework for Computational Chemistry (AFCC). In addition, I will also discuss the contribution this doctorate has made within the context of my community of practice by enhancing both my teaching and learning contribution as well as cross-disciplinary research and application.
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Cardenas, Baron Yonni Brunie Lionel Pierson Jean-Marc. "Grid caching specification and implementation of collaborative cache services for grid computing /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=cardenas_baron.
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Cardenas, Baron Yonny. "Grid caching : specification and implementation of collaborative cache services for grid computing." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0107/these.pdf.
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This thesis proposes an approach for the design and implementation of collaborative cache systems in grids that supports capabilities for monitoring and controlling cache interactions. Our approach permits to compose and evaluate high-level collaborative cache functions in a flexible way. Our proposal is based on a multilayer model that defines the main functions of a collaborative grid cache system. This model and the provided specification are used to build a flexible and generic software infrastructure for the operation and control of collaborative caches. This infrastructure is composed of a group of autonomous cache elements called Grid Cache Services (GCS). The GCS is a local administrator of temporary storage and data which is implemented as a grid service that provides the cache capabilities defined by the model. We study a possible configuration for a group of GCS that constitutes a basic management system of temporary data called Temporal Storage Service (TSS)Cette thèse propose une approche de la conception et de l'implémentation de systèmes de cache collaboratif dans les grilles de données. Notre approche permet la composition et l'évaluation des fonctions d‘un système de cache collaboratif de haut niveau de façon flexible. Notre proposition est basée sur un modèle multicouche qui définit les fonctions principales d'un système de cache collaboratif pour les grilles. Ce modèle et la spécification fournie sont utilisés pour construire une infrastructure logicielle flexible et générique pour l'opération et le contrôle du cache collaboratif. Cette infrastructure est composée d'un groupe d’éléments autonomes de cache appelés "Grid Cache Services" (GCS). Le GCS est un administrateur local de moyens de stockage et de données temporaires. Nous étudions une possible configuration d’un groupe de GCS qui constitue un système basique d'administration de données temporaires appelé "Temporal Storage Service" (TSS)
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O'Rourke, Julie, and Patrick Gallaher. "Effective use of collaborative information technology to enhance group performance." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1427.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis research was inspired by the need to create a universal net-centric environment to enable collaborative defense capabilities and deliver knowledge dominance to the DoD. Since superior information management and the use of collaborative IT technologies is fundamental to building intelligence capabilities, this study aims to contribute to the optimization of collaborative system use by military groups and organizations. The proposed research model illustrates and explains the direct relationships between collaborative IT competence and collaborative functionalities, which can be used not only to assess current technologies but also aid in requirements generation for designing the ideal collaborative tool suite. Central to the research model we introduce the concept of collaborative IT competence, defined as the effective use of collaborative functionalities, and explore its relationship to performance outcomes. Having pre-tested and validated the proposed research model by means of empirical data collection in the form of an end-user survey instrument we recommend further research be conducted on a Navy-wide scale to evaluate the 181 collaborative technology tools currently in use. End-user/warfighter insight will dramatically influence future CIT investment decisions by providing decision makers critical information regarding the pragmatic versus the advertised attributes of the application/tool suite. Additionally, this model is designed to provide the road map to the ideal combination of core functionalities and required collaborative IT competence.
Major, United States Marine Corps
Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy
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Gallaher, Patrick O'Rourke Julie. "Effective use of collaborative information technology to enhance group performance /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FGallaher.pdf.
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Park, Young Hyun. "Supporting high productivity among disconnected mobile collaborative authors." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009462.
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Browne, Daniel C. "Enabling collaborative behaviors among cubesats." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41223.
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Future spacecraft missions are trending towards the use of distributed systems or fractionated spacecraft. Initiatives such as DARPA's System F6 are encouraging the satellite community to explore the realm of collaborative spacecraft teams in order to achieve lower cost, lower risk, and greater data value over the conventional monoliths in LEO today. Extensive research has been and is being conducted indicating the advantages of distributed spacecraft systems in terms of both capability and cost. Enabling collaborative behaviors among teams or formations of pico-satellites requires technology development in several subsystem areas including attitude determination and control subsystems, orbit determination and maintenance capabilities, as well as a means to maintain accurate knowledge of team members' position and attitude. All of these technology developments desire improvements (more specifically, decreases) in mass and power requirements in order to fit on pico-satellite platforms such as the CubeSat.
In this thesis a solution for the last technology development area aforementioned is presented. Accurate knowledge of each spacecraft's state in a formation, beyond improving collision avoidance, provides a means to best schedule sensor data gathering, thereby increasing power budget efficiency. Our solution is composed of multiple software and hardware components. First, finely-tuned flight system software for the maintaining of state knowledge through equations of motion propagation is developed. Additional software, including an extended Kalman filter implementation, and commercially available hardware components provide a means for on-board determination of both orbit and attitude. Lastly, an inter-satellite communication message structure and protocol enable the updating of position and attitude, as required, among team members. This messaging structure additionally provides a means for payload sensor and telemetry data sharing. In order to satisfy the needs of many different missions, the software has the flexibility to vary the limits of accuracy on the knowledge of team member position, velocity, and attitude. Such flexibility provides power savings for simpler applications while still enabling missions with the need of finer accuracy knowledge of the distributed team's state.
Simulation results are presented indicating the accuracy and efficiency of formation structure knowledge through incorporation of the described solution. More importantly, results indicate the collaborative module's ability to maintain formation knowledge within bounds prescribed by a user. Simulation has included hardware-in-the-loop setups utilizing an S-band transceiver. Two "satellites" (computers setup with S-band transceivers and running the software components of the collaborative module) are provided GPS inputs comparable to the outputs provided from commercial hardware; this partial hardware-in-the-loop setup demonstrates the overall capabilities of the collaborative module.
Details on each component of the module are provided. Although the module is designed with the 3U CubeSat framework as the initial demonstration platform, it is easily extendable onto other small satellite platforms. By using this collaborative module as a base, future work can build upon it with attitude control, orbit or formation control, and additional capabilities with the end goal of achieving autonomous clusters of small spacecraft.
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Schlenkrich, Lara. "An investigation of social computing." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006194.
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Social network sites have recently become extremely popular online destinations as they offer users easy ways to build and maintain their relationships with each other. Consequently, students, lecturers, teachers, parents and businesses are using these tools to communicate with each other in a fast and cost-effective manner. However, literature suggests that the full potential of social network sites has not yet been revealed since users are still battling to overcome the various negative characteristics surrounding these sites. A framework for appropriate use of these sites is needed so that users are able to overcome these negative aspects, allowing them to be more effective and use the sites successfully. The goal of this research is to construct a framework for perceived successful use of social computing tools in educational institutions. This framework will include critical success factors that need to be adopted by users in order to develop the positive aspects of social computing, while at the same time overcoming the disadvantages experienced by users. Factors for successful use were derived from the literature and consolidated into a theoretical framework in order to understand the factors that drive successful use of social network sites. Measures used to test successful use of social network sites were also derived from these sources and were included in the same theoretical framework; these measures allow users to evaluate the extent of perceived successful use of social network sites. This framework was tested empirically by means of a pilot study and online survey, and revised according to the results of the survey. The factors were identified using Cronbach alpha coefficients (in the pilot study) and exploratory factor analysis to confirm the reliability of the scales developed. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, t-tests and Pearson Chi-Square tests were used to measure the relationships amongst the variables in the framework proposed in this research. The factors influencing perceived successful use of social network sites were identified by the empirical study as: • Privacy and Security Settings need to be enabled. These are split into: - Settings: content that users allow others to see - Viewers: people who are allowed onto a user's profile • It is necessary for users to practise Legal and Acceptable Activities when using social network sites • Suspect Information needs to be checked before sharing it with others • Personal and Professional Time needs to be separated to ensure that work is completed before social activities occur • Users need to practise Professional and Ethical Behaviour • Users need to have a Positive Attitude when using social network sites • Usability of sites affects their success. This includes: - technical capacity (broadband) - ease of use - functionality (range of features and functions) • Current and Controversial Issues need to be discussed on social network sites. The extent to which social network sites are being used successfully can be evaluated by the presence of the following measures: • Range of Content must be available to users. This includes: - Content displayed on profiles - Viewers able to visit profiles • Visitors Behaviour is monitored and no unwanted visitors are present users' profiles • Social Contracts found on sites are followed by users • Critical Thinking Skills and Accurate Information are displayed by users • Work is completed before social activities occur on sites • A Variety of Users is present on sites • Collaboration between people as well as variety of opinions exist on sites • Social Capital (well-being) is present after users have been on sites • Learning and Advising Skills are enhanced on sites. The framework developed provides users with a useful instrument to overcome the negative characteristics associated with social network sites. If used successfully, social network sites can offer lecturers and students a unique method to develop their relationship, creating a positive learning experience.
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Duffy, Thomas Joseph. "Collaborative sensemaking." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6457/.
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The research presented in this thesis seeks to separate the notion of collaborative sensemaking into two different modes; a semantic mode, which describes the cognitive and meta-cognitive processes of sensemaking and a pragmatic mode which recognises the constraints under which collective sensemaking takes place. Using quantitative data obtained from three novel experiments designed by the Author and one external study, the thesis seeks to find ways to measure collaborative sensemaking. Two organisational structures are compared and contrasted for abilities to support sensemaking processes and experimental results support previous research that decentralised edge networks perform better then hierarchical networks at sensemaking tasks. The concept of a Communications Broker is presented as a potential technology for aiding pragmatic collaborative sensemaking and two prototypes are built. Experimental data suggests that the Communications Broker does alter the behaviour of the participant networks performing sensemaking tasks and accordingly is proposed as an area of interest for future research.
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Bhana, Ismail M. "Coco : A common platform for collaborative computing in heterogeneous peer-to-peer networks." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500557.
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Hamadache, Kahina. "Smart & Seamless Collaboration : bringing pervasive computing to the Computer Supported Collaborative Work." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10032/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse apportent une contribution aux domaines de l’informatique pervasive et du travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur. Nous explorons ces domaines par une présentation étendue de différents travaux se rapportant aux modèles de collaboration, aux différentes conceptions ainsi qu’aux méthodes d’évaluation. Notre principale contribution pour ces domaines est le modèle PCSCW, qui propose une approche originale pour l’intégration de l’aspect pervasif au sein de la collaboration. En se basant sur un modèle ontologique représentant le contexte des utilisateurs ainsi que sur un ensemble de règles de collaborations entres machines, notre travail permet aux dispositifs intelligents d’analyser et de trouver la meilleure façon de se comporter et de collaborer avec les autres machines de l’environnement afin de canaliser et de faciliter de manière transparente et efficace la collaboration entres les humains. Nous proposons également une méthodologie permettant aux développeurs de systèmes collaboratifs pervasifs de construire leurs propres stratégies d’évaluationsThis thesis work contributes both in the pervasive computing and computer supported collaborative work domains. We explore these domains by an extended presentation of related works concerning models, designs and evaluation methods. Our main contribution for these areas is the PCSCW model, which proposes an original approach to the integration of the pervasive aspect inside the collaboration. By relying on an ontological model representing users’ context and a set of devices collaboration rules, our work enables smart devices to analyse their context and find the best way to behave and collaborate with other devices of the environment in order to seamlessly and efficiently channel and facilitate the collaboration of humans. We also propose a methodology allowing collaborative systems’ developers to build their own evaluation strategies
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Kong, Chenguang, and 孔臣光. "Collaborative streaming in mobile social networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849897.
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Mobile social applications have emerged in recent years. They explore social
connections among mobile users in a variety of novel scenarios, including
friend finding, message routing, and content sharing. However, efficiently supporting
resource-demanding delay-sensitive streaming applications on the mobile
platform remains a significant challenge. Research on such topics will naturally
widen the usage of mobile social applications. The solutions to the challenges
will provide suggestion on many related work. It is interesting and valuable to
explore the system performance and users’ experience in such scenarios.
Furthermore, users’ concern about social network is also significant to develop
a mobile social network application. It is important to detect users’ strategies
to communicate with others. That influences the network topologies and
provides biased connections. The strategy consists of various of aspects, most of
which are the user preference and user social attributes.
Focusing on this meaningful research field, we study collaborative VoD-type
streaming of short videos among small groups of mobile users, so as to effectively
exploit their social relationships. Such an application can be practically set in
a number of usage scenarios, including streaming of introductory video clips of
exhibition items to visitors’ mobile devices, such as in a museum. We analyze
users’ behavior strategies based on their social preference and social attributes.
We design SMS, an architecture that engineers such Streaming over Mobile Social
networks. SMS constructs a collaborative streaming overlay by carefully
inspecting social connections among users and infrastructure characteristics of
Bluetooth technologies. To improve the performance, we analyze the scatternet
structure of Bluetooth technology and propose appropriate scatternet structure
in our system. We evaluate our design based on prototype implementation on
the Android platform, as well as on a large emulation testbed. The results obtained
indicate that we are able to achieve a well-performed streaming system in
a mobile social network.published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Hor, Joon Suk 1976. "Social interaction in collaborative engineering environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80156.
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Ouellet, Jérôme. "Social reconstruction in the collaborative creation workshop." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ47866.pdf.
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Ryding, Michael Philip. "The collaborative index." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5481.
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Information-seekers use a variety of information stores including electronic systems and the physical world experience of their community. Within electronic systems, information-seekers often report feelings of being lost and suffering from information overload. However, in the physical world they tend not to report the same negative feelings. This work draws on existing research including Collaborative Filtering, Recommender Systems and Social Navigation and reports on a new observational study of information-seeking behaviours. From the combined findings of the research and the observational study, a set of design considerations for the creation of a new electronic interface is proposed. Two new interfaces, the second built from the recommendations of the first, and a supporting methodology are created using the proposed design considerations. The second interface, the Collaborative Index, is shown to allow physical world behaviours to be used in the electronic world and it is argued that this has resulted in an alternative and preferred access route to information. This preferred route is a product of information-seekers' interactions 'within the machine' and maintains the integrity of the source information and navigational structures. The methodology used to support the Collaborative Index provides information managers with an understanding of the information-seekers' needs and an insight into their behaviours. It is argued that the combination of the Collaborative Index and its supporting methodology has provided the capability for information-seekers and information managers to 'enter into the machine', producing benefits for both groups.
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Schweinhart, Eric. "Cincinnati Makers Collaborative." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1399629759.
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Bankole, Omolola Ola. "Predictors of design and adoption of collaborative elearning environments: a multi-method analysis." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7325.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDResearch has shown that collaborative eLearning can provide educational opportunities to groups of learners; both distance learners as well as traditional campus-based learners. It provides innovative educational methods in which learning can be constructed. The way collaborative eLearning is administered, managed, used and adopted can assist in providing information for future design and improvement of collaborative software. The objective of this research is to provide an insight into adoption and use of collaborative eLearning environments and to discover new determinants of usage. To examine the usage of an eLearning environment at the University of the Western Cape, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with Computer Science students. While this study is specific to this university, the underlying principles can be generalised to other organisational types. This study is quantitative and qualitative in nature as well as deductive and inductive. Three hundred and six valid questionnaires were analysed using quantitative methods. Soft Systems Methodology was used to manage the research process and to create conceptual models to explain the research problem and identify solutions. It was a cyclical process. Findings show that although the university’s eLearning platform is utilised, students seem to prefer free and open source platforms. They use social and collaborative applications such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Dropbox, Google Drive, Google Docs as well as email messages. Four types of technology affordances: communicative-affordance, document share-affordance, course resource-affordance, and integrity-affordance were identified as being relevant in their choice of application. Furthermore, culture—masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Power Distance—also have an effect on the adoption of collaborative eLearning applications and software the students used for learning. Chi-Square analysis found that individualism/collectivism and Power Distance were both significant and related to the adoption and usage of collaborative eLearning. Gender was found not to be a determinant of how students view the use of collaborative eLearning software applications. Finally, it was also found that understanding use and user behaviour, could provide the theoretical guidance to inform collaborative eLearning design. The analysis and findings show that culture influences the adoption of collaborative eLearning while technology affordance plays a major role in the use of collaborative eLearning.
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Burks, Stephen D. "Social Networks and Its Uses in Collaborative Strategies." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5094.
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In this paper, there are three policy scenarios that are explored and discussed. The
first scenario comes from a dataset where little information is known about individual nodes and connection weights are placed based on the economic theory of increasing or constant returns. The second dataset was derived by taking a group of academic researchers (without any knowledge beyond co authorship alliances)
working on a joint venture and exploring what combined research ventures would be
most beneficial for future research outputs. More information concerning individual
nodes and connections is given in this dataset, but the weights on connections are still developed according to rules of economic theory. The final set of data is developed by
viewing the same co-authorship alliances as in the second scenario, but instead the data is
examined more thoroughly and more accurate maps of authors connection weights are
generated.
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Kiddey, Rachael. "Homeless heritage : collaborative social archaeology as therapeutic practice." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6262/.
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To be defined by a lack of something – homeless – creates problematic identity challenges and fundamentally ruptures a person’s sense of ontological security. Archaeology as a contemporary material and creative practice involves working back and forth between material culture (landscapes, places and things) and intangible heritage (memories, stories and experiences). Through this work, narratives emerge which inform identities, challenge dominant stereotypes and aid a sense of belonging which enhances resilience and self-esteem among those involved. This thesis presents fieldwork conducted in the U.K. between 2008-2013 in which contemporary homeless people were engaged as colleagues (rather than participants) and facilitated to interpret the heritage of homelessness in ways and words meaningful to them. Working collaboratively with archaeology students, homeless colleagues mapped and documented landscapes and undertook two archaeological excavations of homeless sites. Two co-curated interactive public exhibitions were produced. This thesis considers how the archaeological process – counter-mapping, field-walking and talking, working as a team, identifying sites and artefacts of significance and constructing narratives – can be shown to have significant therapeutic effects. Memory and identity work are considered in relation to psychological observations concerning the qualitative benefits of hope and its role in motivating people. Recent neuroscience work is also drawn upon. Findings suggest that neural plasticity can be affected by the social environment in health damaging or health promoting ways (McEwan 2012). Significant positive outcomes from the Homeless Heritage project include increased ‘social connectedness’, independent living and employment among those involved and suggest that collaborative archaeological work can provide positive social environments and function as low level support. It is suggested that associated health benefits offer a potentially rich avenue for further collaborative research between archaeologists interested in how the discipline might function in socially useful ways and neuroscientists keen to explore non-pharmaceutical approaches to treatment of trauma and social sustainability.
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McAndrew, Sean T. "Collaborative technologies for mobile workers and virtual project teams." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13529.
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Information Technology is advancing at a frightening pace. Cloud computing and its subset, Software as a Service (SaaS), are rapidly challenging traditional thinking for enterprise-level application and infrastructure provision. The project-centric nature of the construction industry provides an environment where the utilisation of SaaS is commercially appropriate, given its ability to provide rapid set-up and predictable costs at the outset. Using project extranets, the construction industry has been - unusually for it as an industry sector - early-adopters of this cloud computing model. However, findings from the research highlight that there is a gap in the information and documents that pass from the construction phase into the operational phase of a building. This research considers examples of the SaaS IT model and how it has been used within a construction and facilities management industry context. A prototype system was developed to address the requirements of facilities management work order logging and tracking process. These requirements were gathered during detailed case studies of organisations within both the construction and facilities management sectors with a view to continue the use of building-specific information through its full life-cycle. The thesis includes a summary of the lessons learnt through system implementation within the construction-contracting organisation Taylor Woodrow, and it concludes with an IT strategy proposal that was developed based on a cloud computing model.
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Chan, Wing Sze. "Semantic search of multimedia data objects through collaborative intelligence." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1171.
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Di, Palermo Vincent. "Social Influence and Organizational Innovation Characteristics on Enterprise Social Computing Adoption." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2026.
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Ample research has been conducted to identify the determinants of information technology (IT) adoption. No previous quantitative researchers have explored IT adoption in the context of enterprise social computing (ESC). The purpose of this study was to test and extend the social influence model of IT adoption. In addition, this study addressed a gap in the research literature and presented a model that relates the independent variables of social action, social consensus, social authority, social cooperation, perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and organizational commitment to the dependent variables of social embracement and embedment. A randomized stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed on survey data from 125 C-level executives (i.e., chief information officers and chief technology officers). The analysis found that executives consider perceived relative advantage, organizational commitment, and social computing action as the most significant factors relating to the adoption of ESC. Executives' perceptions about ESC could impact organizational commitment, implementation, and use of such technologies. The findings could make a social contribution within organizations by helping C-level executives understand the degree to which these factors contribute to the ESC adoption. The knowledge from this study may also help organizations derive operational effectiveness, efficiency, and create business value for their clients and society.
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Johnson, Shawn E. "Deployable Network Operations Center (DNOC) : a collaborative technology infostructure designed to support tactical sensor-decision maker network operations /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FJohnson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Alexander Bordetsky, David Netzer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82). Also available online.
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Kaya, Hamza. "Using Social Graphs In One-class Collaborative Filtering Problem." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611131/index.pdf.
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One-class collaborative filtering is a special type of collaborative filtering methods that aims to deal with datasets that lack counter-examples. In this work, we introduced social networks as a new data source to the one-class collaborative filtering (OCCF) methods and sought ways to benefit from them when dealing with OCCF problems. We divided our research into two parts. In the first part, we proposed different weighting schemes based on social graphs for some well known OCCF
algorithms. One of the weighting schemes we proposed outperformed our baselines for some of the datasets we used. In the second part, we focused on the dataset differences in order to find out why our algorithm performed better on some of the datasets. We compared social graphs with the graphs of users and their neighbors generated by the k-NN algorithm. Our research showed that social graphs generated from a specialized domain better improves the recommendation performance than the social graphs generated from a more generic domain.
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Nourian, Arash. "CASTLE: a social framework for collaborative anti-phishing databases." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66989.
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A Phishing attack is a type of identity theft attempting to steal confidential and personal data like Credit Card or banking account information. Different approaches have been proposed to defeat phishing attacks. Most of the approaches rely on a database lookup approach. In this thesis, we present a framework called CASTLE that allows a collaborative approach to build and maintain the databases containing information needed for anti-phishing services. We provide the full design and discuss how phishing sites can be captured using CASTLE. A prototype of this social frame- work for collaborative anti-phishing databases is partially implemented to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the framework against phishing attacks.L'hame¸connage est un type de vol d'identité qui tente de voler des donnés confidentielleset personnelles comme l'information de cartes de crédit ou de comptes bancaires.Plusieurs stratégies ont été proposées pour vaincre l'hame¸connage ; la plupart d'entreelles dépendent d'une base de données. Dans cette th'ese, nous présentons le cadreCASTLE, qui incite la collaboration pour construire et entretenir des bases de donnescontenant l'information nécessaire pour contrer l'hame¸connage. Nous fournissons laconception et discutons la mani'ere avec laquelle les sites de hameonnage peuventêtre capturés a l'aide de CASTLE. Un prototype de ce cadre est partiellement misen oeuvre pour évaluer la performance et l'efficacit du cadre contre les attaques dehame¸connage.