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Journal articles on the topic "Cole-Cole model"

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HANYGA, ANDRZEJ. "AN ANISOTROPIC COLE–COLE MODEL OF SEISMIC ATTENUATION." Journal of Computational Acoustics 11, no. 01 (March 2003): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x03001845.

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A simple model of seismic wave attenuation combining anisotropy with anelastic effects is constructed. The anelastic response is based on the Cole–Cole relaxation function. Time-stepping finite-difference and ray-asymptotic methods of numerical solution are discussed.
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Nordsiek, Sven, and Andreas Weller. "A new approach to fitting induced-polarization spectra." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 6 (November 2008): F235—F245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2987412.

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Best fitting of induced-polarization (IP) spectra by different models of Cole-Cole type evidences discrepancies in the resulting model parameters. The time constant determined from the same data could vary in magnitude over several decades. This effect, which makes an evaluation of the results of different models nearly impossible, is demonstrated by induced polarization measurements in the frequency range between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on thirteen mixtures of quartz sand and slag grains. The samples differ in size and the amount of the slag grains. Parameters describing the IP spectra are derived by fitting models of the Cole-Cole type to the measured data. The fitting quality of the generalized Cole-Cole model, the standard Cole-Cole model, and the Cole-Davidson model is investigated. The parameters derived from these models are compared and correlated with mass percentage and grain size of the slag particles. An alternative fittingapproach is introduced, using the decomposition of observed IP spectra into a variety of Debye spectra. Four integrating parameters are derived and correlated with parameters of the slag-sand mixtures and Cole-Cole parameters, respectively. The alternative approach generally enables a better fitting of measured spectra compared with Cole-Cole type models. It proves to be more flexible and stable, even for complicated phase spectra that cannot be fitted by single Cole-Cole type models. The integrating parameters are well correlated with characterizing parameters of the slag-sand mixtures. The total chargeability well indicates the mass percentage of slag grains, and the mean relaxation time is related to the grain size. The relaxation time distribution can be displayed by cumulative normalized chargeability versus relaxation time, similar to granulation curves. Anologous to the latter, a nonuniformity parameter characterizes the width of the relaxation time distribution.
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Holm, Sverre. "Time domain characterization of the Cole-Cole dielectric model." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2020-0015.

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Abstract The Cole-Cole model for a dielectric is a generalization of the Debye relaxation model. The most familiar form is in the frequency domain and this manifests itself in a frequency dependent impedance. Dielectrics may also be characterized in the time domain by means of the current and charge responses to a voltage step, called response and relaxation functions respectively. For the Debye model they are both exponentials while in the Cole-Cole model they are expressed by a generalization of the exponential, the Mittag-Leffler function. Its asymptotes are just as interesting and correspond to the Curie-von Schweidler current response which is known from real-life capacitors and the Kohlrausch stretched exponential charge response.
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Holm, Sverre. "Time domain characterization of the Cole-Cole dielectric model." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2020-0015.

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AbstractThe Cole-Cole model for a dielectric is a generalization of the Debye relaxation model. The most familiar form is in the frequency domain and this manifests itself in a frequency dependent impedance. Dielectrics may also be characterized in the time domain by means of the current and charge responses to a voltage step, called response and relaxation functions respectively. For the Debye model they are both exponentials while in the Cole-Cole model they are expressed by a generalization of the exponential, the Mittag-Leffler function. Its asymptotes are just as interesting and correspond to the Curie-von Schweidler current response which is known from real-life capacitors and the Kohlrausch stretched exponential charge response.
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Deng, Wubing, and Igor B. Morozov. "Mechanical interpretation and generalization of the Cole-Cole model in viscoelasticity." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): MR345—MR352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0821.1.

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The mechanical basis of the popular Cole-Cole rheological model in viscoelasticity is investigated by using Lagrangian mechanics with nonlinear energy dissipation. The Cole-Cole model is usually viewed as a convenient way to fit the observed frequency-dependent attenuation and velocity-dispersion spectra, but its time-domain and numerical formulations are complex and contradict standard physical principles. For example, time-domain modeling of Cole-Cole media requires special mathematical tools such as fractional derivatives, convolutional integrals, and/or memory variables. Nevertheless, we find that Cole-Cole spectra naturally arise from conventional mechanics with nonlinear internal friction (non-Newtonian viscosity). The Lagrangian mechanical formulation is applied to a finite body (a rock sample in a laboratory experiment) and a wave-propagating medium, in both cases providing rigorous differential equations of motion and revealing the time- and frequency-independent material properties. The model also leads to a generalized Cole-Cole (GCC) model with multiple internal variables (relaxation mechanisms), similar to the generalized standard linear solid (GSLS). As a practical application, the GSLS and GCC models are compared on interpretations of recent P-wave attenuation and dispersion measurements on bitumen-sand samples in the laboratory. The GSLS and GCC models can be used to predict the observed strain/stress ratios with adequate accuracy. However, each of these models offers certain advantages, which are the linearity (for GSLS) and potentially smaller number of dynamic variables and broader peaks in attenuation spectra (for GCC). Therefore, additional experiments focusing on linearity of internal friction are required to establish which of these models may be preferable for rock. The Lagrangian approach provides a simple and physically meaningful way for comparing all types of observations, formulating numerical modeling schemes, and predicting the propagation of waves and behavior of other deformations of earth media.
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Vastarouchas, Costas, Georgia Tsirimokou, and Costas Psychalinos. "Extraction of Cole-Cole model parameters through low-frequency measurements." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 84 (February 2018): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2017.11.020.

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Tarasov, Andrey, and Konstantin Titov. "On the use of the Cole–Cole equations in spectral induced polarization." Geophysical Journal International 195, no. 1 (July 22, 2013): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt251.

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Abstract Two different equations, both of which are often called ‘the Cole–Cole equation’, are widely used to fit experimental Spectral Induced Polarization data. The data are compared on the basis of fitting model parameters: the chargeability, the time constant and the exponent. The difference between the above two equations (the Cole–Cole equation proposed by the Cole brothers and Pelton's equation) is manifested in one of the fitting parameters, the time constant. The Cole–Cole time constant is an inverse of the peak angular frequency of the imaginary conductivity, while Pelton's time constant depends on the chargeability and exponent values. The difference between the time constant values corresponding to the above two equations grows with the increase of the chargeability value, and with the decrease of the Cole–Cole exponent value. This issue must be taken into consideration when comparing the experimental data sets for high polarizability media presented in terms of the Cole–Cole parameters.
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Liu, Weiqiang, Rujun Chen, and Liangyong Yang. "Cole-Cole Model Parameter Estimation from Multi-frequency Complex Resistivity Spectrum Based on the Artificial Neural Network." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 26, no. 1 (March 2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32389/jeeg20-054.

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In near surface electrical exploration, it is often necessary to estimate the Cole-Cole model parameters according to the measured multi-frequency complex resistivity spectrum of ore and rock samples in advance. Parameter estimation is a nonlinear optimization problem, and the common method is least square fitting. The disadvantage of this method is that it relies on initial value and the result is unstable when data is confronted with noise interference. To further improve the accuracy of parameter estimation, this paper applied artificial neural network (ANN) method to the Cole-Cole model estimation. Firstly, a large number of forward models are generated as samples to train the neural network and when the data fitting error is lower than the error threshold, the training ends. The trained neural network is directly used to efficiently estimate the parameters of vast amounts of new data. The efficiency of the artificial neural network is analyzed by using simulated and measured spectral induced polarization data. The results show that artificial neural network method has a faster computing speed and higher accuracy in Cole-Cole model parameter estimation.
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Xu, Wen Dond, and Jing Zhao Li. "Spectrum Comparative Analysis of the Frequency Domain Complex Cole-Cole Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2491.

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Using MATLAB the spectrum comparative analysis was gived between complex Cole-Cole model and basic Cole-Cole model when theirs parameters change. The results show that the complex resistivity curve shape of complex model is limitted by total variation of two same kind parameters of complex model. The variation rule of the curve shape is consistent with basic mode when same kind parameters change. The influent of polarization rate and frequency correlation coefficient is bigger than time constant parameter. The resistivity curve of parallel complex model and series complex model is very similar. Then points out the difficulties and problems faced by the extraction of IP parameters.
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Elwakil, A. S., and B. Maundy. "Extracting the Cole-Cole impedance model parameters without direct impedance measurement." Electronics Letters 46, no. 20 (2010): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1924.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cole-Cole model"

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Sharad, Dhanpalwar Prathamesh, and Xinyuan Chen. "Cole Model Analysis of EBIs Neonatal Cerebral Measurements." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20238.

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The concept of Electrical Bio Impedance prevails in this thesis. The EBI measurement which is used for obtaining the body composition is, by virtue of time becoming of great use as its one of the easiest method of finding out the body composition. In simple words, EBI is the opposition offered by the body to the current. It is just like another analysis tool. The result is only as good as the test is done. In this thesis, we have done the analysis on the neonatal EBI measurements of two kinds.In this work, 293 measurements are obtained from 12 babies and 230 measurements are obtained from 7 babies have been analyzed with the purpose of obtaining reference values for the spectrum of complex EBI. The analysis uses both statistical and model approach of obtaining reference values and in order to fit the given data, Cole model analysis is used.Filters were applied to get the highest degree of correctness. In the due course of the filtering, it was found that the measurements from some babies have been deleted. The Standard Error of Estimation (S.E.E.) is a parameter used for obtaining the further reliable and most probable output. The further analysis is done using MATLAB and the results are been compared to the previous analysis report.
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Ayllón, David. "Methods for Cole Parameter Estimation from Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measurements." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19843.

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Guermazi, Mahdi. "In-Vitro Biological Tissue State Monitoring based on Impedance Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-206710.

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The relationship between post-mortem state and changes of biological tissue impedance has been investigated to serve as a basis for developing an in-vitro measurement method for monitoring the freshness of meat. The main challenges thereby are the reproducible measurement of the impedance of biological tissues and the classification method of their type and state. In order to realize reproducible tissue bio-impedance measurements, a suitable sensor taking into account the anisotropy of the biological tissue has been developed. It consists of cylindrical penetrating multi electrodes realizing good contacts between electrodes and the tissue. Experimental measurements have been carried out with different tissues and for a long period of time in order to monitor the state degradation with time. Measured results have been evaluated by means of the modified Fricke-Cole-Cole model. Results are reproducible and correspond to the expected behavior due to aging. An appropriate method for feature extraction and classification has been proposed using model parameters as features as input for classification using neural networks and fuzzy logic. A Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP) has been proposed for muscle type computing and the age computing and respectively freshness state of the meat. The designed neural network is able to generalize and to correctly classify new testing data with a high performance index of recognition. It reaches successful results of test equal to 100% for 972 created inputs for each muscle. An investigation of the influence of noise on the classification algorithm shows, that the MLP neural network has the ability to correctly classify the noisy testing inputs especially when the parameter noise is less than 0.6%. The success of classification is 100% for the muscles Longissimus Dorsi (LD) of beef, Semi-Membraneous (SM) of beef and Longissimus Dorsi (LD) of veal and 92.3% for the muscle Rectus Abdominis (RA) of veal. Fuzzy logic provides a successful alternative for easy classification. Using the Gaussian membership functions for the muscle type detection and trapezoidal member function for the classifiers related to the freshness detection, fuzzy logic realized an easy method of classification and generalizes correctly the inputs to the corresponding classes with a high level of recognition equal to 100% for meat type detection and with high accuracy for freshness computing equal to 84.62% for the muscle LD beef, 92.31 % for the muscle RA beef, 100 % for the muscle SM veal and 61.54% for the muscle LD veal
Auf der Basis von Impedanzspektroskopie wurde ein neuartiges in-vitro-Messverfahren zur Überwachung der Frische von biologischem Gewebe entwickelt. Die wichtigsten Herausforderungen stellen dabei die Reproduzierbarkeit der Impedanzmessung und die Klassifizierung der Gewebeart sowie dessen Zustands dar. Für die Reproduzierbarkeit von Impedanzmessungen an biologischen Geweben, wurde ein zylindrischer Multielektrodensensor realisiert, der die 2D-Anisotropie des Gewebes berücksichtigt und einen guten Kontakt zum Gewebe realisiert. Experimentelle Untersuchungen wurden an verschiedenen Geweben über einen längeren Zeitraum durchgeführt und mittels eines modifizierten Fricke-Cole-Cole-Modells analysiert. Die Ergebnisse sind reproduzierbar und entsprechen dem physikalisch-basierten erwarteten Verhalten. Als Merkmale für die Klassifikation wurden die Modellparameter genutzt
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Guermazi, Mahdi. "In-Vitro Biological Tissue State Monitoring based on Impedance Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2016. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20484.

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The relationship between post-mortem state and changes of biological tissue impedance has been investigated to serve as a basis for developing an in-vitro measurement method for monitoring the freshness of meat. The main challenges thereby are the reproducible measurement of the impedance of biological tissues and the classification method of their type and state. In order to realize reproducible tissue bio-impedance measurements, a suitable sensor taking into account the anisotropy of the biological tissue has been developed. It consists of cylindrical penetrating multi electrodes realizing good contacts between electrodes and the tissue. Experimental measurements have been carried out with different tissues and for a long period of time in order to monitor the state degradation with time. Measured results have been evaluated by means of the modified Fricke-Cole-Cole model. Results are reproducible and correspond to the expected behavior due to aging. An appropriate method for feature extraction and classification has been proposed using model parameters as features as input for classification using neural networks and fuzzy logic. A Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP) has been proposed for muscle type computing and the age computing and respectively freshness state of the meat. The designed neural network is able to generalize and to correctly classify new testing data with a high performance index of recognition. It reaches successful results of test equal to 100% for 972 created inputs for each muscle. An investigation of the influence of noise on the classification algorithm shows, that the MLP neural network has the ability to correctly classify the noisy testing inputs especially when the parameter noise is less than 0.6%. The success of classification is 100% for the muscles Longissimus Dorsi (LD) of beef, Semi-Membraneous (SM) of beef and Longissimus Dorsi (LD) of veal and 92.3% for the muscle Rectus Abdominis (RA) of veal. Fuzzy logic provides a successful alternative for easy classification. Using the Gaussian membership functions for the muscle type detection and trapezoidal member function for the classifiers related to the freshness detection, fuzzy logic realized an easy method of classification and generalizes correctly the inputs to the corresponding classes with a high level of recognition equal to 100% for meat type detection and with high accuracy for freshness computing equal to 84.62% for the muscle LD beef, 92.31 % for the muscle RA beef, 100 % for the muscle SM veal and 61.54% for the muscle LD veal.
Auf der Basis von Impedanzspektroskopie wurde ein neuartiges in-vitro-Messverfahren zur Überwachung der Frische von biologischem Gewebe entwickelt. Die wichtigsten Herausforderungen stellen dabei die Reproduzierbarkeit der Impedanzmessung und die Klassifizierung der Gewebeart sowie dessen Zustands dar. Für die Reproduzierbarkeit von Impedanzmessungen an biologischen Geweben, wurde ein zylindrischer Multielektrodensensor realisiert, der die 2D-Anisotropie des Gewebes berücksichtigt und einen guten Kontakt zum Gewebe realisiert. Experimentelle Untersuchungen wurden an verschiedenen Geweben über einen längeren Zeitraum durchgeführt und mittels eines modifizierten Fricke-Cole-Cole-Modells analysiert. Die Ergebnisse sind reproduzierbar und entsprechen dem physikalisch-basierten erwarteten Verhalten. Als Merkmale für die Klassifikation wurden die Modellparameter genutzt.
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Buendía, Rubén. "Hook Effect on Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measurements. Analysis, Compensation and Correction." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19565.

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Nowadays, the Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) measurements have become a commonpractice as they are useful for different clinical applications. EBI technology and EBImeasurement systems are relatively simple when compared to other type of medicalinstrumentation. But even in such simple measurement systems measurement artifact mayoccur. One of the most common artifacts present measurements is the Hook Effect, which isidentifiable by the hook-alike deviation on the EBI data that it produces on the impedanceplot.The Hook Effect influences typical EBI data analysis processes like Cole fitting processand the estimation of the Cole parameters, which are critical for several EBI applications.Therefore the Hook Effect must be corrected, compensated or removed before the any fittingprocess.With the goal of finding a reliable correction method the origin and the impact on theEBI measurement of the Hook Effect is studied in this thesis. The currently used Tdcompensation method is also studied and a new approach for compensation and correction ispresented.The results indicate that the proposed method truly corrects the Hook Effect and that themethodology to select the correcting parameters is solid based on the origin of the Hook Effectand it is extracted from the EBI measurement it-self avoiding any external dependency.
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Rodríguez, Portero Alejandro. "Development of a Software Application Suite for Electrical Bioimpedance Data Analysis." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19882.

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Danish, Siddiqui Muhammad, and Suhasini Gopi. "MATLAB suite for removing the capacitive leakage effect from EBI Spectroscopic data." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20406.

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Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) is the opposition offered by the biological material to theflow of electric current. Nowadays EBI technology is widely used for total body compositionand body fluid distribution.In this project a software suite is developed by using the GUI tool of Matlab, thissoftware is meant to help to remove artefacts from the EBI measurement and to visualize theEBIS measurements and the processing performed on them.Hook effect is one of the major artefacts found in EBI measurements, which createsproblems in any analysis. To eliminate the Hook effect some methods are followed. The data’sare processed using these methods and they are visualized. For the better understanding, bothraw data and the corrected data are plotted in impedance and admittance plots. The correcteddata is stored for further use and analysis.
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Inzoli, S. "EXPERIMENTAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS TO IMPROVE THE RELIABILITY OF SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION TO INFER LITHO-TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/360596.

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The characterization of the shallow subsurface constitutes a challenging issue in several applications of science and engineering. Among the other disciplines, hydrogeophysics deals with the use of geophysical methods for the exploration, management, and monitoring of soil and groundwater. One of the main topics is the study of the petrophysical relationships between electrical properties and hydraulic conductivity, mainly through the dependence of such physical parameters on textural properties. The general aim of this work consists in an investigation of porous materials typical of alluvial environments with spectral induced polarization (SIP) method. The driving question of the research is the feasibility of the use of SIP to characterize both the textural assemblage of the sediments and the fluid properties, in presence of interacting effects related to particles’ mineralogy, organic matter, sediments’ fabric, etc. The samples’ set is constituted by 19 unconsolidated materials collected in four sites of the Po plain south of Milano (Orio Litta, Senna Lodigiana, and Landriano) and west of Milano (Lozzolo), and saturated with seven NaCl-water solutions with electrical resistivity varying from 0.9 Ωm to 315 Ωm. The textural composition of the samples varies between slightly-sandy mud and gravelly sand, and the porosity of the repacked samples between 0.26 and 0.63. The measurements are executed with an experimental system designed and realized at the Laboratory of Hydrogeophysics of the Università degli Studi di Milano. The resistivity amplitude and phase spectra are firstly modelled with single-relaxation models (Cole-Cole and generalized Cole-Cole) in a bounded low-frequency interval. Besides a traditional optimization based on the root-mean-square error, an original multi-optimization approach with separated amplitude and phase errors is tested to obtain a set of optimal solutions and an uncertainty interval for each model parameter, in order to avoid the misinterpretation of petrophysical relationships with scarcely reliable parameters. Significant relationships are identified between DC-resistivity and water resistivity, and between chargeability and mud content. The 10-based logarithm of the relaxation time is inversely correlated with a characteristic diameter of the sample. On the other hand, a Debye-decomposition, multi-relaxation model is applied to identify several polarization processes, characterized by different relaxation times, over the whole frequency interval. In order to maintain the whole spectral information also in the search for electrical-textural relationships, a combination of cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted. This constitutes a new approach to relate spectral electrical behaviour to litho-textural properties, avoiding the selection of individual parameters or individual investigation frequency. The CA permits to classify the samples on the basis of their electrical behaviour, and the PCA allows to interpret the variability within the database in terms of a series of parameters ordered by importance. A textural characterization (characteristic diameters, gravel and mud contents, uniformity coefficients) is associated to each cluster, based on the characteristics of the corresponding samples. Analogously, a typical range of water resistivity is attributed to each cluster. This association of variability ranges of electrical and sedimentological properties is then used to infer the sediments’ properties of samples external to the input database, with satisfactory results. The high flexibility of the hierarchical clustering also allows evaluating the differences in the inferred properties according to the number of selected clusters. Finally, some preliminary SIP tests are performed in the field; field and laboratory results are not completely comparable, due to the differences in porosity, water content, and scale of investigation. However, some peculiar characters of the laboratory spectra are recognized in the corresponding field spectra, thus supporting a future application of the proposed methodology to interpret the resistivity amplitude and phase distribution in the subsurface.
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Mathavakkannan, Suresh. "Techniques to assess volume status and haemodynamic stability in patients on haemodialysis." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4811.

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Volume overload is a common feature in patients on haemodialysis (HD). This contributes significantly to the cardiovascular disease burden seen in these patients. Clinical assessments of the volume state are often inaccurate. Techniques such as interdialytic blood pressure, relative blood volume monitoring, bioimpedance are available to improve clinical effectives. However all these techniques exhibit significant shortcomings in their accuracy, reliability and applicability at the bed side. We evaluated the usefulness of a dual compartment monitoring technique using Continuous Segmental Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (CSBIS) and Relative Blood Volume (RBV) as a tool to assess hydration status and determine dry weight. We also sought to evaluate the role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) as a volume marker in dialysis patients. The Retrospective analysis of a historical cohort (n = 376, 55 Diabetic) showed a significant reduction in post-dialysis weights in the first three months of dialysis (72.5 to 70kg, p<0.027) with a non-significant increase in weight between months 6-12. The use of anti-hypertensive agents reduced insignificantly in the first 3 months, increased marginally between months 3-6 and significantly increased over the subsequent 6 months. The residual urea clearance (KRU) fell and dialysis times increased. The cohort was very different to that dialysing at Tassin and showed a dissociation between weight reduction and BP control. This may relate to occult volume overload. CSBIS-RBV monitoring in 9 patients with pulse ultrafiltration (pulse UF) showed distinct reproducible patterns relating to extra cellular fluid (ECF) and RBV rebound. An empirical Refill Ratio was then used to define the patterns of change and this was related to the state of their hydration. A value closer to unity was consistent with the attainment of best achievable target weight. The refill ratio fell significantly between the first (earlier) and third (last) rebound phase (1.97 ± 0.92 vs 1.32 ± 0.2). CSBIS monitoring was then carried out in 31 subjects, whilst varying dialysate composition, temperature and patient posture to analyse the effects of these changes on the ECF trace and to ascertain whether any of these interventions can trigger a change in the slope of the ECF trace distinct to that caused by UF. Only, isovolemic HD caused a change in both RBV and ECF in some patients that was explained by volume re-distribution due to gravitational shifts, poor vascular reactivity, sodium gradient between plasma and dialysate and the use of vasodilating antihypertensive agents. This has not been described previously. These will need to be explored further. The study did demonstrate a significant lack of comparability of absolute values of RECF between dialysis sessions even in the same patient. This too has not been described previously. This is likely to be due to subtle changes in fluid distribution between compartments. Therefore a relative changes must be studied. This sensitivity to subtle changes may increase the usefulness of the technique for ECF tracking through dialysis. The potential of dual compartment monitoring to track volume changes in real time was further explored in 29 patients of whom 21 achieved weight reductions and were able to be restudied. The Refill Ratio decreased significantly in the 21 patients who had their dry weights reduced by 0.95 ± 1.13 kg (1.41 ± 0.25 vs 1.25 ± 0.31). Blood pressure changes did not reach statistical significance. The technique was then used to examine differences in vascular refill between a 36oC and isothermic dialysis session in 20 stable prevalent patients. Pulse UF was carried out in both these sessions. There were no significant differences in Refill Ratios, energy removed and blood pressure response between the two sessions. The core temperature (CT) of these patients was close to 36oC and administering isothermic HD did not confer any additional benefit. Mean BNP levels in 12 patients during isovolemic HD and HD with UF did not relate to volume changes. ANP concentrations fell during a dialysis session in 11 patients from a mean 249 ± 143 pg/ml (mean ± SD) at the start of dialysis to 77 ± 65 pg/ml at the end of the session (p<0.001). During isolated UF levels did not change but fell in the ensuing sham phase indicating a time lag between volume loss and decreased generation. (136±99 pg/ml to 101±77.2 pg/ml; p<0.02) In a subsequent study ANP concentrations were measured throughout dialysis and in the post-HD period for 2 hours. A rebound in ANP concentration was observed occurring at around 90 min post-HD. The degree of this rebound may reflect the prevailing fluid state and merit further study. We have shown the utility of dual compartment monitoring with CSBIS-RBV technique and its potential in assessing volume changes in real time in haemodialysis patients. We have also shown the potential of ANP as an independent marker of volume status in the same setting. Both these techniques merit further study.
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Rodrigues, Andr?a Gabriel Francelino. "Educar para o lar, educar para a vida :cultura escolar e modernidade educacional na Escola Dom?stica de Natal (1914-1945)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14542.

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La recherche propose un nouveau regard sur l Institution Scolaire ?cole Dom?stica de Natal, en essayant de tenir compte de la multiplicit? des auteurs et des pratiques d?velopp?es ? l ?cole qui d?finissaient le mieux et expliquaient les ph?nom?nes de cette r?alit? ?ducative et des rapports avec le temps et le lieu o? elle s ins?rait. Pour ce faire, les concepts de m?moire et culture scolaire ont ?t? fondamentaux pour la compr?hension de ces pratiques, parce qu ils ont contribu? ? notre lecture historique-culturelle de l ensemble d aspects institutionnalis?s ? l ?cole, comme son curriculum, ses finalit?s, ses fa?ons d enseigner et d apprendre, ses r?gles de conduite, ses normes, enfin, ce qui caract?risait son organisation et ses pratiques quotidiennes. C ?tait l ?cole Dom?stica de Natal l institution pionni?re dans le mod?le d ?ducation f?minine au Br?sil, nous le reconnaissons en priorit? et nous visons ? le circonscrire ? son ind?l?bile contribution ? l Histoire de l ?ducation de Rio Grande do Norte. Con?ue par un mod?le d organisation scolaire europ?en pour l ?ducation f?minine, l ?cole Dom?stica de Natal a ?t? inaugur?e en 1914, en ayant comme cr?ateur l intelectuel de Rio Grande do Norte Henrique Castriciano de Souza. Sa singularit?, s opposant aux ?coles f?minines existantes au Rio Grande do Norte et au Br?sil en ce temps-l?, ?tait d? au mod?le scolaire adopt?, qui appuyait sur la formation d une femme pr?par?e ? r?pondre aux aspirations modernes surgissant avec l av?nement de la R?publique. Ce contexte exigeait de l ?cole la formation d un mod?le de femme dans les aspects moral, physique, culturel et intelectuel model?s sur les id?aux de l ordre et du progr?s. Ce serait une nouvelle m?thode d ?ducation scolaire qui pourrait favoriser la modernisation des anciennes m?thodes d enseignement, provoquant le surgissement de mod?les qui impliqueraient une nouvelle organisation p?dagogique aux ?coles de l`?tat et conduiraient la ville ? de nouveaux et hauts paliers de culture et civilit?. Avec cela, l ?cole contribuerait ? ce que la femme joue un r?le dans la soci?t? d une mani?re plus active, sociale et mieux adapt?e. Les mots ordre, nouveau, civilit?, moderne et progr?s se r?pandaient et s entrecroisaient avec des valeurs archa?ques toujours permanentes et enracin?es dans la vision de vie et l id?e de monde d alors. Ainsi, on voyait que l ?cole Dom?stica ?tait une institution mod?le, sp?cifique dans sa fonction, qui apporterait ? la ville et, particuli?rement au Rio Grande do Norte, des id?es de civilit?, ordre et progr?s
A pesquisa apresenta um novo olhar para a institui??o escolar Escola Dom?stica de Natal, tentando dar conta da multiplicidade dos atores e pr?ticas envolvidas na escola que melhor definiam e explicavam os fen?menos daquela realidade educativa e das rela??es com o tempo e lugar em que estava inserida. Neste sentido, os conceitos de mem?ria e cultura escolar foram fundamentais para a compreens?o dessas pr?ticas, porque contribu?ram para fazermos uma leitura hist?rico-cultural do conjunto de aspectos institucionalizados na escola, como o seu curr?culo, finalidades, modos de ensinar e aprender, condutas, normas, enfim, o que caracterizavam a sua organiza??o e pr?ticas cotidianas. Sendo a Escola Dom?stica de Natal uma institui??o pioneira no modelo de ensino voltado para a educa??o feminina no Brasil, priorizamos reconhec?-la e circunscrev?-la na sua indel?vel contribui??o ? Hist?ria da Educa??o norte-rio-grandense. Concebida por um modelo de organiza??o escolar europeu para a educa??o feminina, a Escola Dom?stica de Natal foi inaugurada em 1914, tendo como seu criador, o intelectual norte-rio-grandense Henrique Castriciano de Souza. Sua singularidade, divergindo das escolas femininas existentes no RN e no pa?s naquele momento, advinha do modelo escolar adotado, que enfatizava a forma??o de uma mulher voltada para atender aos anseios modernos despontados com o advento da Rep?blica. Esse ide?rio exigia, por parte da escola, a forma??o de um modelo de mulher em seus aspectos moral, f?sico, cultural e intelectual moldados nos ideais da ordem e do progresso. Essa seria uma nova forma de educa??o escolar que poderia favorecer a moderniza??o dos velhos m?todos de ensino, provocando o surgimento de modelos que implicariam numa nova organiza??o pedag?gica nas escolas existentes no Estado e conduziriam a cidade a novos e elevados patamares de cultura e civilidade. Estava presente, tamb?m a representa??o de que, com essa forma??o, a escola contribuiria para que a mulher atuasse na sociedade de forma mais ativa, social e ajust?vel ao meio. As palavras ordem, novo, civilidade, moderno e progresso circulavam e se entrecruzavam com valores arcaicos ainda arraigados e permanentes na vis?o da vida e na id?ia de mundo de ent?o. Assim, percebia-se a Escola Dom?stica como institui??o modelo, espec?fica em sua fun??o, que iria trazer para a cidade e, particularmente para o Estado do RN, id?ias de civilidade, ordem e progresso
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Books on the topic "Cole-Cole model"

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Grant, Linda. Cheryl Cole Adult Coloring Book: The X Factor Judge and Acclaimed TV Personality, Legendary Fashionista and Beautiful Model Inspired Adult Coloring Book. Independently Published, 2019.

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Blair, Jenna. Cole Sprouse Coloring Book: Legendary Millennial Actor and Cody from the Life of Zach and Cody, Riverdale Star and Sexy Model Inspired Adult Coloring Book. Independently Published, 2019.

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Marble, Sandra. Cole Sprouse Adult Coloring Book: Cody from the Life of Zach and Cody and Millennial Star, Riverdale Actor and Hot Model Inspired Adult Coloring Book. Independently Published, 2018.

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Song, Min Hyoung. Climate Lyricism. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022350.

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In Climate Lyricism Min Hyoung Song articulates a climate change-centered reading practice that foregrounds how climate is present in most literature. Song shows how literature, poetry, and essays by Tommy Pico, Solmaz Sharif, Frank O’Hara, Ilya Kaminsky, Claudia Rankine, Kazuo Ishiguro, Teju Cole, Richard Powers, and others help us to better grapple with our everyday encounters with climate change and its disastrous effects, which are inextricably linked to the legacies of racism, colonialism, and extraction. These works employ what Song calls climate lyricism—a mode of address in which a first-person “I” speaks to a “you” about how climate change thoroughly shapes daily life. The relationship between “I” and “you” in this lyricism, Song contends, affects the ways readers comprehend the world, fostering a model of shared agency from which it can become possible to collectively and urgently respond to the catastrophe of our rapidly changing climate. In this way, climate lyricism helps to ameliorate the sense of being overwhelmed and feeling unable to do anything to combat climate change.
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Chambers, John M., and Trevor J. Hastie. Statistical Models in S - Paper (Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Computer Science Series). Chapman & Hall, 1998.

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Random Perturbation Of Pdes And Fluid Dynamic Models Cole Dt De Probabilits De Saintflour Xl2010. Springer, 2011.

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Goodman, Victor, and Joseph Stampfli. The Mathematics of Finance: Modeling and Hedging (The Brooks/Cole Series in Advanced Mathematics). Brooks Cole, 2000.

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Random Walks On Disordered Media And Their Scaling Limits Cole Dt De Probabilits De Saintflour Xl 2010. Springer International Publishing AG, 2014.

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Flandoli, Franco. Random Perturbation of PDEs and Fluid Dynamic Models. Ç?cole dƒ??Ç?tǸ de ProbabilitǸs de Saint-Flour XL ƒ?? 2010. Springer, 2011.

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Creating learning communities: Models, resources, and new ways of thinking about teaching and learning. Brandon, VT: The Foundation for Educational Renewal, Inc., 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cole-Cole model"

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Di Maio, R., and D. Patella. "Interpolation of Induced Polarization Transients by the Generalized Cole-Cole Relaxation Model." In Geophysical Data Inversion Methods and Applications, 379–93. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89416-8_23.

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Ibba, Pietro, Giuseppe Cantarella, Biresaw Demelash Abera, Luisa Petti, Aniello Falco, and Paolo Lugli. "Selection of Cole Model Bio-Impedance Parameters for the Estimation of the Ageing Evolution of Apples." In IFMBE Proceedings, 25–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3498-6_4.

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Miranda Mercado, David Alejandro, and J. G. Barrero. "Algoritmo para la Inversión del Modelo de Cole-Cole a partir de la Parte Real del Espectro de Impedancia Eléctrica." In IV Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering 2007, Bioengineering Solutions for Latin America Health, 578–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74471-9_134.

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Hanyga, Andrzej. "An Anisotropic Cole-Cole Model of Seismic Attenuation." In Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 2001, 319–33. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777362_0033.

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Gabriel Gheorghe, Alexandru, Florin Constantinescu, Miruna Nițescu, and Mihai Eugen Marin. "Circuit Models of Bioelectric Impedance." In Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91004.

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Accurate information about fluid distribution in different compartments of the human body is very important in various areas of medicine like drug dosage, renal replacement therapy, nutritional support, coronary artery disease, colorectal cancer and HIV infection. The body impedance analysis method being simple, inexpensive, accurate and noninvasive is largely used to this end. Several models of the body impedance are presented in this chapter. The first is the Cole model, a linear, first-order RC circuit valid for a frequency range of two decades. Another model, developed by De Lorenzo, employs a fractional-order impedance whose parameters are identified using the frequency characteristics of the impedance module and can be used for a frequency range of three decades. In addition, two other models are presented, a ladder RC model valid for a frequency range of two decades and its extension to three decades, as well as a circuit containing multiple RC branches connected in parallel. These two models are obtained by approximating the measured body admittance modulus with a physically realizable circuit function followed by the circuit synthesis. The last model can be simplified, its simplest form being the Cole model. Allowing a better prediction of the intracellular and extracellular water volumes, this model can be viewed as an extension of the Cole model.
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Aguiar, Mark, and Manuel Amador. "Self-Fulfilling Debt Crises." In The Economics of Sovereign Debt and Default, 92–108. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176819.003.0006.

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This chapter explains the static multiplicity of the Cole and Kehoe rollover crisis model. For expositional ease, a two-period model has been used to highlight the static nature of the multiplicity. Moreover, the model opens the option to default or repay. The Cole–Kehoe rollover crisis model also includes the vulnerability to a self-fulfilling failed auction. The chapter discusses the threat of a rollover crisis affecting the government's incentive to reduce debt over time. It also highlights the security of long-term bonds as it reduces the vulnerability of self-fulfilling rollover crises in sovereign debt markets. Thus, longer maturities and floating-rate coupons represent one approach to balancing rollover and fundamental risks.
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Jose Paleo, António, Zineb Samir, Najoia Aribou, Yassine Nioua, Joaquim Agostinho Moreira, and Mohammed Essaid Achour. "Electrical Properties of Polypropylene-Based Composites Melt-Processed with As-Grown Carbon Nanofibers." In Polypropylene Materials [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107865.

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Electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, electrical modulus, and electrical impedance of polypropylene (PP) composites melt-processed with different contents of as-grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are studied. As expected, the electrical conductivity of PP/CNF composites increased as the incorporation of CNFs is raised in the polymer, yielding a maximum of ∼ 6 ×10−6 S m−1 for PP/CNF 3 wt. % composites. That enhancement relates to a gradual improvement of the dielectric permittivity as the incorporation of CNFs rises into the PP up to a maximum of ∼ 13 for PP/CNF 3 wt. % composites at 1MHz, which is attributed to the rise of the interface polarization effect. Moreover, the Cole-Cole model is used through the electrical modulus to analyze the effect of CNF contents on the dielectric relaxation of PP/CNF composites from which is deduced that the incorporation of CNFs increases their heterogeneity and relaxation times. The analysis gathered here aims at contributing to the understanding of the electric features of polymer composites filled with a type of CNFs, which are not subjected to any thermal post-processing method after their synthesis by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
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Cole, Sam. "Managing Chaos in Nonlinear Economic Systems." In Chaos and Complexity Theory for Management, 297–314. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2509-9.ch015.

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The logistic equation (Lorentz, 1963) has been advanced as an explanation of the chaotic growth patterns observed human settlements. It is questioned, however, whether the growth potential in population systems is sufficient for chaos. By modifying the logistic equation to account for the impact of globalization and agglomeration economies on small tourist destinations, Cole (2009a) demonstrates using data from the Caribbean that solutions and trajectories can replicate formal criteria for chaos. Theoretically, the reason for this, in addition to the availability of investment, demand, information, and labor (that alleviate the conventional restrictions on growth), is the demand and supply-side synergies between activities within a dynamic market-segmented sector. This chapter presents continuous and discrete solutions to the model and explains key findings for destination take-off, accelerated growth, and economic maturity, with a rule for modulating and managing chaos-prone economic systems.
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Ritschel, Daniel. "‘Socialist Realism’." In Welfare and Social Policy in Britain Since 1870, 103–26. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833048.003.0006.

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Though it is often suggested that the Labour Party did not think seriously about socialist economic policy until after the debacle of 1931, there was in fact a remarkably sophisticated body of innovative economic thought on the left of the Party late in the 1920s. Fashioned by prominent left-wing intellectuals, including G. D. H. Cole, H. N. Brailsford, and John Strachey, their ideas anticipated many of the policies that were to define Labour economics over the next two decades, including a proto-Keynesian reflationary strategy for expansion of the slumping post-war economy, centralized economic planning in a ‘mixed’ system of public and private enterprise, and even a detailed outline of the public corporation as a model for the management of socialized industries. Their contributions failed to make an impact in 1929–31 mainly because of the inflexible resistance to all socialist advice by the MacDonald–Snowden leadership, and then their own unfortunate association with Mosley’s ill-fated rebellion in 1930–1. However, their ideas would influence the new generation of Labour economists among the New Fabians of the 1930s.
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Bethke, Craig M. "Stable Isotopes." In Geochemical Reaction Modeling. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094756.003.0019.

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Stable isotopes serve as naturally occurring tracers that can provide much information about how chemical reactions proceed in nature, such as which reactants are consumed and at what temperatures reactions occur. The stable isotopes of several of the lighter elements are sufficiently abundant and fractionate strongly enough to be of special usefulness. Foremost in importance are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur. The strong conceptual link between stable isotopes and chemical reaction makes it possible to integrate isotope fractionation into reaction modeling, allowing us to predict not only the mineralogical and chemical consequences of a reaction process, but also the isotopic compositions of the reaction products. By tracing the distribution of isotopes in our calculations, we can better test our reaction models against observation and perhaps better understand how isotopes fractionate in nature. Bowers and Taylor (1985) were the first to incorporate isotope fractionation into a reaction model. They used a modified version of EQ3/EQ6 (Wolery, 1979) to study the convection of hydrothermal fluids through the oceanic crust, along midocean ridges. Their calculation method is based on evaluating mass balance equations, as described in this chapter. As originally derived, however, the mass balance model has an important (and well acknowledged) limitation: implicit in its formulation is the assumption that fluid and minerals in the modeled system remain in isotopic equilibrium over the reaction path. This assumption is equivalent to assuming that isotope exchange between fluid and minerals occurs rapidly enough to maintain equilibrium compositions. We know, however, that isotope exchange in nature tends to be a slow process, especially at low temperature (e.g., O’Neil, 1987). This knowledge comes from experimental study (e.g., Cole and Ohmoto, 1986) as well as from the simple observation that, unless they have reacted together, groundwaters and minerals are seldom observed to be in isotopic equilibrium with each other. In fact, if exchange were a rapid process, it would be very difficult to interpret the origin of geologic materials from their isotopic compositions: the information would literally diffuse away. Lee and Bethke (1996) presented an alternative technique, also based on mass balance equations, in which the reaction modeler can segregate minerals from isotopic exchange. By segregating the minerals, the model traces the effects of the isotope fractionation that would result from dissolution and precipitation reactions alone.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cole-Cole model"

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Wang, Xiaojian, Fujiang Mo, Jian Zhang, and Ganggang Zhao. "Study on the Parameters of Cole-Cole Model." In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ameii-15.2015.318.

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Lesmes, David, John Sturrock, and Kevin Frye. "A Physiochemical Interpretation of the Cole‐Cole Dielectric Model." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2000. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922785.

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Lesmes, David, John Sturrock, and Kevin Frye. "A Physiochemical Interpretation Of The Cole-Cole Dielectric Model." In 13th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.200.2000_062.

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Fouda, Mohammed E., A. E. Khorshid, I. Alquaydheb, A. Eltawil, and F. Kurdahi. "Extracting the Cole-Cole Model Parameters of Tissue-mimicking Materials." In 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2018.8584724.

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Zhang, Liang, Yan Pang, Liang Ding, and Gaosheng Li. "The cole-cole model of porcine activity tissues in radio frequency." In 2017 10th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp-bmei.2017.8302246.

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Wu, Haiyun, Yueming Zuo, Fengchan Wei, Chuanjin Cui, Song Huang, Mingju Zhao, and Jinmiao Ji. "A biosensor model based on multivariate regression of corrected Cole-Cole parameters." In 2011 4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2011.6100703.

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Rydholm, Tomas, Andreas Fhager, Mikael Persson, and Paul M. Meaney. "Microwave tomographic image improvement by fitting to a Cole-Cole relaxation model." In 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap.2017.7928240.

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Wu, Jun, and Jie Gang Peng. "A new simulation method of active electrolocation system based on Cole-Cole model." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asemd.2015.7453449.

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Said, Tarek, and Vasundara V. Varadan. "Variation of Cole-Cole model parameters with the complex permittivity of biological tissues." In 2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2009.5165979.

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Blaschek, R., A. Hördt, and A. Kemna. "Inversion of SIP Data for Cole-Cole and Constant-Phase-Angle Relaxation Model Parameters." In Near Surface 2006 - 12th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402697.

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Reports on the topic "Cole-Cole model"

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Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.

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The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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