Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cold-water immersion

Academic literature on the topic 'Cold-water immersion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cold-water immersion"

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BAGIAN, JAMES. "Scenario 10: cold water immersion." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 9, no. 2 (June 1998): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1080-6032(14)70015-8.

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Deuster, P. A., D. J. Smith, B. L. Smoak, L. C. Montgomery, A. Singh, and T. J. Doubt. "Prolonged whole-body cold water immersion: fluid and ion shifts." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.34.

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To characterize fluid and ion shifts during prolonged whole-body immersion, 16 divers wearing dry suits completed four whole-body immersions in 5 degrees C water during each of two 5-day air saturation dives at 6.1 msw. One immersion was conducted at 1000 (AM) and one at 2200 (PM) so that diurnal variations could be evaluated. Fifty-four hours separated the immersions, which lasted up to 6 h; 9 days separated each air saturation dive. Blood was collected before and after immersion; urine was collected for 12 h before, during, and after immersion for a total of 24 h. Plasma volume decreased significantly and to the same extent (approximately 17%) during both AM and PM immersions. Urine flow increased by 236.1 +/- 38.7 and 296.3 +/- 52.0%, urinary excretion of Na increased by 290.4 +/- 89.0 and 329.5 +/- 77.0%, K by 245.0 +/- 73.4 and 215.5 +/- 44.6%, Ca by 211.0 +/- 31.4 and 241.1 +/- 50.4%, Mg by 201.4 +/- 45.9 and 165.3 +/- 287%, and Zn by 427.8 +/- 93.7 and 301.9 +/- 75.4% during AM and PM immersions, respectively, compared with preimmersion. Urine flow and K excretion were significantly higher during the AM than PM. In summary, when subjects are immersed in cold water for prolonged periods, combined with a slow rate of body cooling afforded by thermal protection and enforced intermittent exercise, there is diuresis, decreased plasma volume, and increased excretions of Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn.
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Knight, D. R., T. Santoro, and K. R. Bondi. "Distortion of calculated whole-body hematocrit during lower-body immersion in water." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 5 (November 1, 1986): 1885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.5.1885.

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We found a difference between the venous hematocrits of immersed and nonimmersed arms during immersion of the lower body in cold water but not during a comparable exposure to warm water. Fourteen healthy men were exposed to three different experimental conditions: arm immersion, body immersion, and control. The men always sat upright while both upper extremities hung vertically at their sides. During arm immersion, one forearm was completely immersed for 30 min in either cold water (28 degrees C, n = 7) or warm water (38 degrees C, n = 7). This cold-warm water protocol was repeated on separate days for exposure to the remaining conditions of body immersion (immersion of 1 forearm and all tissues below the xiphoid process) and control (no immersion). Blood samples were simultaneously drawn from cannulated veins in both antecubital fossae. Hematocrit difference (Hct diff) was measured by subtracting the nonimmersed forearm's hematocrit (Hct dry) from the immersed forearm's hematocrit (Hct wet). Hct diff was approximately zero when the men were exposed to the control condition and body immersion in warm water. In the remaining conditions, Hct wet dropped below Hct dry (P less than 0.01, 3-way analysis of variance). The decrements of Hct diff showed there were differences between venous hematocrits in immersed and nonimmersed regions of the body, indicating that changes of the whole-body hematocrit cannot be calculated from a large-vessel hematocrit soon after immersing the lower body in cold water.
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McCarthy, Avina, James Mulligan, and Mikel Egaña. "Postexercise cold-water immersion improves intermittent high-intensity exercise performance in normothermia." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 11 (November 2016): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0275.

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A brief cold water immersion between 2 continuous high-intensity exercise bouts improves the performance of the latter compared with passive recovery in the heat. We investigated if this effect is apparent in normothermic conditions (∼19 °C), employing an intermittent high-intensity exercise designed to reflect the work performed at the high-intensity domain in team sports. Fifteen young active men completed 2 exhaustive cycling protocols (Ex1 and Ex2: 12 min at 85% ventilatory threshold (VT) and then an intermittent exercise alternating 30-s at 40% peak power (Ppeak) and 30 s at 90% Ppeak to exhaustion) separated by 15 min of (i) passive rest, (ii) 5-min cold-water immersion at 8 °C, and (iii) 10-min cold-water immersion at 8 °C. Core temperature, heart rate, rates of perceived exertion, and oxygen uptake kinetics were not different during Ex1 among conditions. Time to failure during the intermittent exercise was significantly (P < 0.05) longer during Ex2 following the 5- and 10-min cold-water immersions (7.2 ± 3.5 min and 7.3 ± 3.3 min, respectively) compared with passive rest (5.8 ± 3.1 min). Core temperature, heart rate, and rates of perceived exertion were significantly (P < 0.05) lower during most periods of Ex2 after both cold-water immersions compared with passive rest. The time constant of phase II oxygen uptake response during the 85% VT bout of Ex2 was not different among the 3 conditions. A postexercise, 5- to 10-min cold-water immersion increases subsequent intermittent high-intensity exercise compared with passive rest in normothermia due, at least in part, to reductions in core temperature, circulatory strain, and effort perception.
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Tipton, M. J., N. Collier, H. Massey, J. Corbett, and M. Harper. "Cold water immersion: kill or cure?" Experimental Physiology 102, no. 11 (September 21, 2017): 1335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/ep086283.

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Uddin, Zakir, Joy MacDermid, and Tara Packham. "Ice-water (cold stress) immersion testing." Journal of Physiotherapy 59, no. 4 (December 2013): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1836-9553(13)70211-x.

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Burke, W. E., and I. B. Mekjavic. "Estimation of regional cutaneous cold sensitivity by analysis of the gasping response." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): 1933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1933.

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Regional cutaneous sensitivity to cooling was assessed in males by separately immersing four discrete skin regions in cold water (15 degrees C) during head-out immersion. The response measured was gasping at the onset of immersion; the gasping response appears to be the result of a nonthermoregulatory neurogenic drive from cutaneous cold receptors. Subjects of similar body proportions wore a neoprene “dry” suit modified to allow exposure to the water of either the arms, upper torso, lower torso, or legs, while keeping the unexposed skin regions thermoneutral. Each subject was immersed to the sternal notch in all four conditions of partial exposure plus one condition of whole body exposure. The five cold water conditions were matched by control immersions in lukewarm (34 degrees C) water, and trials were randomized. The magnitude of the gasping response was determined by mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1). For each subject, P0.1 values for the 1st min of immersion were integrated, and control trial values, although minimal, were subtracted from their cold water counterpart to account for any gasping due to the experimental design. Results were averaged and showed that the highest P0.1 values were elicited from whole body exposure, followed in descending order by exposures of the upper torso, legs, lower torso, and arms. Correction of the P0.1 response for differences in exposed surface area (A) and cooling stimulus (delta T) between regions gave a cold sensitivity index [CSI, P0.1/(A.delta T)] for each region and showed that the index for the upper torso was significantly higher than that for the arms or legs; no significant difference was observed between the indexes for the upper and lower torso.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Geurts, Carla L. M. "Effect of cold acclimation on neuromuscular function of the hand." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 31, no. 4 (August 2006): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-013.

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The research in this thesis investigated the effects of cold stress on neuromuscular function with the main focus on cold acclimation. In total, 6 studies, 1 field study and 5 experiments, were conducted. The field study showed that during manual work in cold weather, finger and hand temperature can drop to levels that may impair manual function. The first 2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of acute local cold stress on force control and to investigate the effect of cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) on neuromuscular function. In experiment 1, it was found that cooling of the hand in 10 °C cold water for 10 min did not improve force control, although neuromuscular function was significantly impaired after cooling. In experiment 2, cold-induced vasodilatation, occurring after 20 min of 8 °C cold-water immersion of the hand, was confined to the finger tip and had no effect on the temperature of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle or its neuromuscular function. A series of cold acclimation studies was conducted to investigate the effect of repeated cold-water hand immersions on neuromuscular function. In these experiments, neuromuscular function was tested before and after 2–3 weeks of daily hand immersion in 8 °C cold water for 30 min. In experiment 3, it was found that 3 weeks of cold-water immersion resulted in a decrease in minimum and mean index finger temperature and CIVD was attenuated. Neuromuscular function was not affected by this change in temperature response. In experiment 4, one hand was exposed daily to cold water and compared with the opposite control hand. Blood plasma catecholamine concentrations were increased after 2 weeks in the cold-exposed hand, but no changes in temperature response or neuromuscular function were found after repeated cold exposure. Thermal comfort after 30 min of cold-water immersion significantly improved after repeated cold exposure causing a discrepancy between actual and perceived temperature and it was suggested that this may impose a greater risk of cold injury owing to a change in behavioural thermoregulation. In the last experiment, core temperature was elevated by bicycling at a submaximal level during the cold hand immersion. Exercise had a direct effect on the temperature response during cold-water immersion, decreasing the minimum FDI temperature and slowing down the deteriorating effect of cold on neuromuscular function; however, exercise showed was no effect on local cold acclimation. It is concluded that local repeated cold exposures may improve finger and hand temperature and subjective thermal ratings, but that these changes are too small to improve neuromuscular function. The best remedy to maintain manual function is to limit or avoid cold stress as much as possible. If sufficient protection of the hands is impossible, core heating through exercise or passive heating may be a solution.
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Tipton, M. J., D. A. Stubbs, and D. H. Elliott. "Human initial responses to immersion in cold water at three temperatures and after hyperventilation." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.317.

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The present investigation was designed to examine the influence of water temperature and prior hyperventilation on some of the potentially hazardous responses evoked by immersion in cold water. Eight naked subjects performed headout immersions of 2-min duration into stirred water at 5, 10, and 15 degrees C and at 10 degrees C after 1 min of voluntary hyperventilation. Analysis of the respiratory and cardiac data collected during consecutive 10-s periods showed that, at the 0.18-m/s rate of immersion employed, differences between the variables recorded on immersion in water at 5 and 10 degrees C were due to the duration of the responses evoked rather than their magnitude during the first 20 s. The exception to this was the tidal volume of subjects, which was higher on immersion in water at 15 degrees C than at 5 or 10 degrees C. The results suggested that the respiratory drive evoked during the first seconds of immersion was more closely reflected in the rate rather than the depth of breathing at this time. Hyperventilation before immersion in water at 10 degrees C did not attenuate the respiratory responses seen on immersion. It is concluded that, during the first critical seconds of immersion, the initial responses evoked by immersion in water at 10 degrees C can represent as great a threat as those in water at 5 degrees C; also, in water at 10 degrees C, the respiratory component of this threat is not influenced by the biochemical alterations associated with prior hyperventilation.
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Hingley, E., D. Morrissey, M. Tipton, J. House, and H. Lunt. "Physiology of cold water immersion: a comparison of cold water acclimatised and non-cold water acclimatised participants during static and dynamic immersions." British Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): e1-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.081554.10.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cold-water immersion"

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Limire, Bruno. "Cold water immersion after exercise-induced hyperthermia." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27703.

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Cold water immersion (CWI) is the most effective known cooling treatment against exercise-induced hyperthermia. However, sex differences related to body composition (i.e. body fat, muscle mass, surface area, etc.) may affect core cooling rates in hyperthermic males and females. Purpose. To determine sex related differences in core cooling rates during CWI after exercise-induced hyperthermia. Methods. Ten male (M) and nine female (F) participants matched for body surface area to mass ratio took part in this study. Participants exercised at 65% V˙O2max at an ambient temperature of 40°C until rectal temperature (Tre) increased to 39.5°C. Following exercise, subjects were immersed in a 2°C circulated water bath until Tre decreased to 37.5°C. Results. Females had a significantly greater core cooling rate compared to males. This was paralleled by a lower skin temperature and a shorter time to reach the exit criterion. Conclusion. We conclude that previously hyperthermic females have a 1.7 times greater Tre cooling rate compared to males. We attribute this difference to a smaller lean body mass (expressed by the body-surface-area-to-lean-body-mass ratio) in females compared to males.
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Romney, Patricia J. "The effect of cold water immersion on fractioned response time /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2909.pdf.

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Romney, Patricia Jean. "The Effects of Cold Water Immersion on Fractioned Response Time." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1848.

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Objectives: Quantify the effects of cold water immersion of the ankle on fractioned response time of the dominant lower limb. Design and Setting: A 2x2x5x5 crossover design with repeated measures on time and treatment directed data collection. The independent variables were gender, treatment, time (pretreatment, and post 15 seconds, 3 minutes 6 minutes and 9 minutes) and trial (5 trials for each time group). Response time (Tresp), reaction time (Treac), trial and surface temperature were measurement variables. Subjects: Thirty-six subjects, 18 females and 18 males were recruited from a physically active volunteer college student population. Measurements: Fractioned response time was tested following a 20 minute treatment. Response time and Treac were recorded by the reaction timer, and Tmov was calculated by taking the difference between Tresp and Treac. For each time/subject the high and low Tresp were discarded and the middle three trials were averaged and used for statistical analysis. A 2x2x5 ANOVA was used to determine overall differences between gender, treatment and time followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests. Results: Males were faster than females for Tresp, Treac and Tmov. Movement time and Tresp were slower with cold water immersion, but Treac was unaffected. Movement time and Tresp were fastest pretreatment, and slowest during the post 15-second time group. Though both Tmov and Tresp progressively sped up from the post 15-second through the post 9-minute time group, they did not return to pretreatment values when data collection discontinued. Conclusions: Immersing the dominant ankle in cold water for 20 minutes increases Tmov of the dominant lower limb; thereby increasing fractioned response time (Tresp).
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Liu, Yuning. "Pressor response to isometric handgrip combined with foot immersion in cold water." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6701.

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The purposes of this study were to (1) compare the pressor response between isometric exercise and a cold pressor test (CPT) and (2) examine the pressor response to isometric exercise at 33% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) combined with a CPT applied either at the onset or during the last minute of a 2-min CPT. Ten normotensive male volunteers performed isometric handgrip (HG) at 33% MVC, cold foot immersion, HG combined with a simultaneous CPT, and HG performed during the last minute of a 2-min CPT in a random order over three days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at rest and continuously throughout the tests. The results of this study indicate that (1) the pattern of HR response between the 2-min HG and the CPT was different; (2) DBP values during CPT for the initial 30s and the last 15s were significantly lower than DBP corresponding values during HG, while there were no significant differences between the CPT and HG with respect to SBP response; (3) when HG and CPT were performed simultaneously, the effects on SBP and HR were additive, whereas the effects on DBP and MAP were not; (4) CPT performed for 1 minute prior to HG attenuated the SBP and HR responses to HG at 33% MVC, and (5) although both HR and BP increased in response to HG at 33% MVC, only BP increased progressively in a linear fashion when combined with CPT. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Peiffer, Jeremiah J. "Short term recovery with cold water immersion following cycling in the heat." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/209.

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Increases in core temperature are associated with perceptions of fatigue and reductions in physical work capacity. Following completion of a bout of exercise in the heat, cold water immersion (CWI) is sometimes used by athletes to rapidly decrease their core temperature, and may facilitate recovery. Few studies however, have examined the effects of CWI after exercise in the heat on short term recovery. In addition, whether or not performance benefits can arise from this recovery modality is equivocal. This thesis incorporates four individual studies surrounding the area of CWI recovery and one study that ,examined the reliability of a measure used to estimate blood flow. All of these studies have been published or submitted to refereed sport science journals.
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Choo, Hui C. "Peripheral blood flow changes in response to post-exercise cold water immersion." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1012.

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A reduction in body temperature is considered to be the primary mechanism by which cold water immersion (CWI) enhances short-term (h) recovery and improves exercise capacity in the heat. However, improvement in exercise performance may be optimised at a given cooling magnitude. Water temperature and immersion duration influence the magnitude of cooling in the core body, muscle and skin. Given the role of blood flow in convective heat flux, substrate delivery and metabolic waste clearance, it is important to understand the influence of different water temperatures on compartmental distribution of limb blood flow during CWI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare blood flow changes in the common femoral artery, vastus lateralis muscle, and thigh skin induced by 5 min of post-exercise water immersion at 8°C, 14°C, 35°C or passive rest. In a randomised manner, nine recreationally active men performed exhaustive cycling in a climate control chamber (32.8 ± 0.4°C and 32 ± 5%rh), followed by 5 min of water immersion at 8.6 ± 0.2°C (WI8), 14.6 ± 0.3°C (WI14), 35.0 ± 0.4°C (WI35) or passive rest (CON). The exercise task involved 25 min of cycling at a power output equivalent to first ventilatory threshold, followed by high-intensity intermittent cycling (30 s at 90% of peak power output to 30 s at 70 W). Measurement of blood flow in thigh skin (laser Doppler flowmetry), vastus lateralis muscle (near infrared spectroscopy), and common femoral artery (Doppler ultrasound), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, skin, muscle, rectal, and mean body temperatures were obtained prior to exercise and up to 60 min post-immersion. Both WI14 and WI8 reduced mean body, calf and thigh skin, and muscle temperatures, compared with WI35 and CON (p0.05). Relative to pre-immersion, differences were observed in the magnitude of reduction between skin, muscle, and common femoral blood flow. Decreases in muscle and skin blood flow were similar (p>0.05), but to a lesser extent when compared with femoral blood flow (p Therefore, 5 min of CWI at 8°C and 14°C effectively reduced temperatures, when compared with CON and WI35. Although WI8 was more effective than WI14 in reducing mean body temperature, there was no influence on the decreases in skin, muscle and femoral blood flow. Furthermore, WI8 did not result in significant reduction in muscle blood flow compared to WI35, despite significant muscle cooling. Given that mean arterial blood pressure was elevated, it is possible hydrostatic effects during WI35, coupled with shivering thermogenesis during WI8 confounded extent of muscle blood flow reduction in the present study. As such, influence of hydrostatic pressure per se on peripheral blood flow cannot be ruled out although blood flow changes were similar between WI35 and CON. Additionally, current findings indicate unknown vascular beds, other than measured sites in the vastus lateralis muscle and thigh skin, contribute to overall changes in the limb blood flow. It appears that vasoconstriction in skin and muscle vasculatures are associated with the interaction between suppressed vasodilatory substances (e.g. nitric oxide) and altered baroreflex mediated sympathetic nerve activity. However, underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.
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Richardson, Graham. "Computer simulation of the response of the human body to immersion in cold water." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847942/.

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Many military and civilian personnel are required to work in situations where there is a risk of accidental immersion in the sea. Since immediate rescue may not be possible, it is important to predict the time for which survivors may remain alive. A computer-based mathematical model may provide a means of simulating the change in body temperature with time. The need for such a model and the physiological basis for its development have been investigated. A mathematical model has been developed in which the human body is visualised as 15 cylindrical or spherical segments, each divided into 10 radial shells of tissue. Passive heat flows are simulated at the surface and internally. Transport of heat by blood flow is represented in 120 arterial and venous compartments. The physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation are simulated, using existing physiological data. The model is implemented in structured FORTRAN 77 code. Although it is primarily configured for cold water immersion, infrastructure is included to permit adaption to simulate heat or cold stress in air. Code has been included for heat transfer through clothing and for exercising as well as resting conditions. Comparisons of the model predictions have been made against experimental data obtained from semi-nude immersions in water at 12, 18 and 24°C. For subjects with a relatively high body mass and fat content, the predicted body core temperature is generally within plus or minus one standard error of the experimental mean. For small, thin subjects at 12 and 18°C, the prediction is within two standard errors. The model does not cope well with sudden large changes in exercise but predictions for clothed subjects appear adequate.
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Friesen, Brian J. "Whole-Body Cooling Following Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia: Biophysical Considerations." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30510.

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This thesis examined the effect of differences in body surface area-to-lean body mass ratio (AD/LBM) on core temperature cooling rates during cold water immersion (2°C, CWI) and temperate water immersion (26°C, TWI) following exercise-induced hyperthermia (end-exercise rectal temperature of 40°C). Individuals with a High AD/LBM (315 cm2/kg) had a ~1.7-fold greater overall rectal cooling rate relative to those with Low AD/LBM (275 cm2/kg) during both CWI and TWI. Further, overall rectal cooling rates during CWI were ~2.7-fold greater than during TWI for both the High and Low AD/LBM groups. Study findings show that AD/LBM must be considered when determining the duration of the immersion period. However, CWI provides the most effective cooling treatment for EHS patients irrespective of physical differences between individuals.
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Mawhinney, C. "The influence of cold-water immersion on limb blood flow and thermoregulatory responses to exercise." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4709/.

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The accumulated stresses of training and competition may temporarily cause impairments in an athlete’s physiological and muscular function, leading to suboptimal performance levels. Cold-water immersion (CWI) has become a widely used post-exercise recovery method to accelerate the recovery process by purportedly reducing the symptoms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, the underlying physiological mechanisms, which mediate the effects of CWI, are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence of cold-water immersion (CWI) on limb blood flow and thermoregulatory responses following different modes of exercise. In study 1 (Chapter 4), the reliability of Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of superficial femoral artery blood flow (FABF) was examined under resting conditions. A Doppler ultrasound scan of the superficial femoral artery was measured on eight recreationally active male participants; twice on the same day separated by 5-min (within-day), and on a separate day (between-days). The coefficient of variation (CV) for mean blood flow (MBF) was ~16 % and ~20 % for within and between-days, respectively. A relatively small standard error of measurement (SEM) was found both within day, 13.30 mL·min-1 (95% CI, -14.79 to 38.40 mL·min-1) and between-day, 17.75 mL·min-1 (95% CI, -40.12 to 30.88 mL·min-1) for MBF differences. These findings suggest duplex Doppler ultrasound is a reliable method to collect measurements of FABF under resting conditions. The purpose of study 2 and 3 was to determine the influence of different degrees of water immersion cooling on FABF and cutaneous blood flow (CBF) and thermoregulatory responses after endurance (Chapter 5) and resistance (Chapter 6) exercise, respectively. Participants completed a prescribed endurance of resistance exercise protocol prior to immersion into 8 ºC (cold) or 22 ºC (cool) water to the iliac crest or rested non-immersion (CON) in a randomized order. Limb blood flow and thermoregulatory responses were measured before and up to 30-min after immersion. In both studies, thigh skin temperature (Tskthigh) (P < 0.001) and muscle temperature (Tmuscle) (P < 0.01) were lowest in the 8 ºC trial compared with 22 ºC and control trials. However, femoral artery conductance (FVC) was similar after immersion in both cooling conditions and was reduced (~50-55 %) compared with the CON condition 30-min after immersion (P < 0.01). Similarly, there was a greater thigh (P < 0.01) and calf (P < 0.05) cutaneous vasoconstriction during and after immersion in both cooling conditions relative to CON with no differences noted between 8 and 22 ºC immersion. Together, these findings suggest that colder water temperatures may be more effective in the treatment of EIMD and injury after both endurance and resistance exercise, respectively, due to greater reductions in Tmuscle and not limb blood flow per se. The aim of study 4 (Chapter 7) was to compare the influence of CWI and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) on FABF and CBF and thermoregulatory responses after endurance exercise. On separate days, participants completed a continuous cycle ergometer protocol before being immersed semi-reclined into 8 ºC water to the iliac crest for 10 min (CWI), or exposed to 2.5 min (30 s -60 ºC, 2 min -110 ºC) WBC in a specialized cryotherapy chamber, in a randomized order. Limb blood flow and thermoregulatory responses were measured before and up to 40-min after immersion Reductions in Tskthigh (P < 0.001) and Tmuscle (P < 0.001) were larger in CWI during recovery. Similarly, decreases in FVC were greater (~45-50 %) in the CWI condition throughout the recovery period (P < 0.05). There was also a greater skin vasoconstriction observed in CWI at the thigh (P < 0.001) and calf (P < 0.001) throughout the post-cooling recovery period. These results demonstrate that CWI may be a better recovery strategy compared with WBC due greater reductions in both Tmuscle and limb blood flow. This thesis provides a novel insight into the influence of different degrees of water immersion cooling, as well as WBC, on limb blood flow and thermoregulatory responses after different modes of exercise. These findings provide practical application for athletes and an important insight into the possible mechanisms responsible for CWI in alleviating inflammation in sport and athletic contexts.
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Joo, Chang Hwa. "Effect of post-exercise cold water immersion on molecular responses to high-intensity intermittent exercise." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4457/.

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The balance between the stress of training and competition and sufficient recovery is critical within the development of athletic performance. This stems from the need to recover between successive intense periods of exercise and provide sufficient time through which to adapt to the prescribed training stimulus. Cold water immersion (CWI) is now widely used by athletes to enhance the rate of recovery following training and competition. However, little information currently exists with respect to its influence on skeletal muscle adaptation. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of CWI on acute markers of adaptation in human skeletal muscle following low-damaging high-intensity intermittent exercise. The aim of study 1 (Chapter 4) was to devise a low-damaging high-intensity intermittent running protocol which would be used as the criterion mode of exercise in future studies within the thesis. The exercise was comprised of 60-min of high-intensity intermittent exercise (8 × 3-min bouts at 90% V ̇O2max interspersed with 3-min recovery) on a motorised treadmill. No significant reduction in maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps was observed immediately following completion of the exercise protocol or during the subsequent 7 d period compared to pre-exercise values (P = 0.59). Creatine Kinase (CK) concentrations remained similar to baseline following exercise (P = 0.96). Myoglobin (Mb) content increased following exercise (P = 0.01). However, values returned to baseline after 24 h (P = 0.32). These results suggest the high-intensity intermittent running protocol induced changes in physiological and subjective indices consistent with the effects of low muscle damaging as opposed to those changes normally associated with exercise-induced severe muscle damage. The purpose of the second study (Chapter 5) was to examine the effects of CWI (2 × 5-min (8oC)) on acute markers of skeletal muscle adaptation at rest. Rectal temperature remained similar throughout the CWI protocol (P = 0.36). However, significant reductions in skin (thigh and calf) and muscle temperature were observed immediately post-immersion and the post-immersion period (P < 0.05). Noradrenaline was significantly increased 3 h (355.7 ± 181pmol/l) and 6 h (390.9 ± 131pmol/l) post-immersion compared to baseline (P < 0.01). Muscle PGC-1α (3 h, 1.3 ± 0.2-fold; 6 h, 1.4 ± 0.3-fold) and VEGF165 (3 h, 1.9 ± 1.4-fold; 6 h, 2.2 ± 1.0-fold) mRNA expression were significantly increased at 3 h (PGC-1α, P < 0.001; VEGF165, P = 0.03) and 6 h (PGC-1α, P < 0.001; VEGF165, P = 0.009) post-immersion, respectively. These results indicate that CWI enhances the upstream signalling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in human skeletal muscle at rest. The aim of the third study (Chapter 6) was to establish whether post-exercise CWI further enhances the upstream signalling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in human skeletal muscle. On each occasion, participants rested passively (Cont) or undertook 2 × 5-min of CWI (8oC) at twenty minutes after completing the intermittent exercise protocol. Rectal temperature remained similar between CWI and Cont conditions during the 3 h post-exercise recovery period (P > 0.05), however, skin (thigh and calf) and muscle temperature were reduced in the CWI condition compared to Cont (P < 0.05). PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly increased 3 h post-exercise under both conditions (CWI, P < 0.001; Cont, P = 0.003) with greater expression observed in CWI (CWI, 5.9 ± 3.1-fold; Cont, 3.4 ± 2.1-fold; P < 0.001). VEGF165 and VEGFtotal mRNA were greater in CWI (2.4 ± 0.6-fold, 2.3 ± 0.4-fold) compared with Cont (1.3 ± 0.5-fold, 1.0 ± 0.3-fold) at 3 h post-exercise (P = 0.01, P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that post-exercise CWI increases the expression of upstream signalling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in human skeletal muscle compared with exercise alone. Study 4 (Chapter 7) examined the influence of the repeated post-exercise CWI on upstream signalling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in human skeletal muscle. On each occasion, participants rested passively or undertook 3 × 10-min of CWI (8oC) at twenty minutes after completing the intermittent exercise protocol, 1 h and 2 h post-exercise. Rectal temperature was reduced during the 3rd bout of CWI and subsequent 30-min period compared to Cont (P < 0.05). Skin temperature (thigh and calf) remained consistently lower during the immersion periods in CWI compared with Cont (P < 0.05). Muscle temperature was reduced before the 2nd bout of CWI (-5.8 ± 0.3oC) compared with Cont (-1.9 ± 0.4oC) and remained until 50-min after the 3rd immersion (P < 0.05). Noradrenaline were significantly greater at 3 h and 6 h following exercise in CWI (662 ± 139pmol/l, 518 ± 158pmol/l) compared with Cont (307 ± 162pmol/l, 245 ± 156pmol/l) (P < 0.05). PGC-1α mRNA expression was higher after 3 h post-exercise in the Cont (2.4 ± 1.7-fold) than CWI (1.8 ± 1.0-fold) conditions respectively (P = 0.06). At 6 h post-exercise, PGC-1α mRNA expression was greater in CWI (2.6 ± 1.4-fold) compared to Cont (1.7 ± 1.7-fold) (P = 0.03). VEGF165 and VEGFtotal mRNA increased more than ~1.6-fold at 3 h and 6 h following exercise and were similar between conditions (P > 0.05). These results indicate that increasing the repeated post-exercise CWI does not further increases the expression of upstream signalling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in human skeletal muscle. This thesis provides novel findings concerning the influence of high-intensity intermittent exercise and post-exercise CWI on cellular and molecular adaptations in human skeletal muscle. These findings may offer important insights for athletes wishing to maximize training adaptations.
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Books on the topic "Cold-water immersion"

1

Institution, British Standards. British Standard Method for determination of dimensional changes of fabrics induced by cold-water immersion ... . London: BSI, 1985.

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Barnes, Sara. Cold Fix: Drawing Strength from Cold Water Swimming and Immersion. Vertebrate Graphics Limited, 2022.

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Physiological responses to cold-water immersion after exercise. 1989.

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Physiological responses to cold-water immersion after exercise. 1987.

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Fleckenstein, Alexa. The Benefits of Water Therapy for Sexual and Pelvic Problems (DRAFT). Edited by Madeleine M. Castellanos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225889.003.0022.

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Hydrotherapy holds promise for certain sexual and pelvic problems: Water that hits the skin acts on the entire body, triggering the neuro-endocrine-immune system, the brain, the gut-brain, and the autonomic nervous system—the neuro-endocrine axis. Hormesis (regular application of small toxic events or stressors leading to adaption and invigoration) is the mechanism that balances physiological and biochemical processes, including sexuality. Water applications result in homeostasis (balancing of internal systems—such as temperature, electrolytes, and hormones) and invigoration (strengthening of biological functions) and influence diverse bodily functions and dysfunctions loosely related to sexuality and reproduction. Dysmenorrhea, functional infertility, pregnancy, sexuality after menopause, decreased libido, breast tenderness, pelvic pain syndromes, erectile dysfunction and urinary tract infections/irritated bladder are discussed. Cold shower, cold wash, barefoot walking, warm footbath, sitzbath, full bath, warm water bottle, sauna with cold-water immersion afterwards, and some variations of these are the discussed water applications here.
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Martineau, Lucie. Substrate availability and temperate regulation during cold water immersions in humans. 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cold-water immersion"

1

Tipton, Michael, and Michel Ducharme. "Rescue Collapse Following Cold Water Immersion." In Drowning, 855–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04253-9_131.

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Deuster, P. A., D. J. Smith, A. Singh, L. L. Bernier, U. H. Trostmann, B. L. Smoak, and T. J. Doubt. "Zinc Losses during Prolonged Cold Water Immersion." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 691–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_255.

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DuCharme, Michel. "Self-Rescue During Accidental Cold Water Immersion." In Drowning, 409–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04253-9_64.

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Azmi, Nur Izyana Faradila Binti, Hideyuki Okano, Hiromi Ishiwatari, and Keiichi Watanuki. "Evaluation of the Effects of an AC Magnetic Field on Cutaneous Blood Flow Volume by Cold Water Immersion Test." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 889–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11051-2_136.

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Amir, N. H., H. A. Hashim, and S. Saha. "The Effect of Single Bout of 15 Minutes of 15-degree Celsius Cold Water Immersion on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Indicators." In IFMBE Proceedings, 45–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3737-5_10.

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Tipton, Mike. "Cold water immersion." In The Science of Beach Lifeguarding, 87–98. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315371641-6.

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Giesbrecht, Gordon G., and Alan M. Steinman. "Immersion in Cold Water." In Wilderness Medicine, 160–88. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-03228-5.50011-2.

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Sweeney, D. H., and M. J. Taber. "Cold-water immersion suits." In Protective Clothing, 39–69. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781782420408.1.39.

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Auerbach, Paul S., Howard J. Donner, and Eric A. Weiss. "Cold Water Immersion and Near Drowning." In Field Guide to Wilderness Medicine, 625–27. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-4698-1.50055-2.

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Tipton, Michael J. "The Physiological Responses to Cold-Water Immersion and Submersion." In Handbook of Offshore Helicopter Transport Safety, 63–75. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78242-187-0.00004-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cold-water immersion"

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Glickman, Ellen L., Natalie Caine-Bish, Edward Potkanowicz, Christopher C. Cheatham, and Mark Blegen. "The Influence of Ethnicity on Thermosensitivity During Cold Water Immersion." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2410.

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Mayer, Nathan. "Thermal protection from Cold Water Immersion in a Spacecraft Launch Entry and Abort Suit." In 41st International Conference on Environmental Systems. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5055.

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Paul, Anup K., Swarup A. Zachariah, Liang Zhu, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Theoretical Predictions of Body Tissue and Blood Temperature During Cold Water Immersion Using a Whole Body Model." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14398.

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Understanding the thermal response of the human body under various environmental and thermal stress conditions is of growing importance. Calculation of the core body temperature and the survivability of the body during immersion in cold water require detailed modeling of both the body tissue and the time-dependent blood temperature. Predicting body temperature changes under cold stress conditions is considered challenging since factors like thickness of the skin and blood perfusion within the skin layer become influential. Hence, the aim of this research was to demonstrate the capability of a recently developed whole body heat transfer model that simulates the tissue-blood interaction to predict the cooling of the body during immersion in cold water. It was shown that computed drop in core temperature agrees within 0.57 °C of the results calculated using a detailed network model. The predicted survival time in 0 °C water was less than an hour whereas in 18.5 °C water, the body attained a relatively stable core temperature of 34 °C in 2.5 hours.
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Wissler, Eugene H. "Whole-Body Human Thermal Modeling, an Alternative to Immersion in Cold Water and Other Unpleasant Endeavors." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23340.

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The human thermal regulatory system is remarkable. It allows humans to live under environmental temperatures that range from −45 °C in Arctic regions to + 50 °C in the Saharan desert, while maintaining the temperature of critical organs within ± 1 °C of 37 °C, without employing heating and cooling systems that we now take for granted. Of course, that requires building suitable shelters and wearing appropriate clothing, but it is still quite remarkable.
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Joeng, Hyeon Cheol, and Yoo Jin Choi. "The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion on Fatigue, Stress, and Autonomic Nervous System Activity of Body Fatigue Recipient." In Healthcare and Nursing 2015. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.116.02.

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Petrů, Dominika, Jana Pysna, Ladislav Pysny, and Simca Hajkova. "THE POTENTIAL OF APPLYING COLD WATER IMMERSION AS A BENEFIT OF SPORT PERFORMANCE TRAINING AND TEACHING PHYSICAL EDUCATION." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.0231.

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Koh, P. K., P. Cheang, K. Loke, S. C. M. Yu, and S. M. Ang. "Deposition of Amorphous Aluminium Powder Using Cold Spray." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0249.

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Abstract Deposition of amorphous aluminium powder using cold spray technology as a corrosion prevention measure was studied. Amorphous aluminium (Al-Ni-Ce) powder was successfully deposited on 7000-series aluminium substrates using cold spray parameters of 1.7 MPa under compressed air and temperature of 450°C. The coatings were subjected to tensile bond strength measurement and comparative studies with cold sprayed pure Al6061 coatings were conducted. The results obtained showed that the amorphous aluminium coatings exhibited better adhesive strength. In addition, salt-water immersion test was conducted. The Al-Ni-Ce coating not only demonstrated better corrosion resistance but also exhibited evidence of passivation of surface imperfections such as scratches in the coatings.
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Irissou, E., J. G. Legoux, B. Arsenault, and C. Moreau. "Investigation of Al-Al2O3 Cold Spray Coating Formation and Properties." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0108.

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Abstract Coating build-up mechanisms and properties of cold sprayed aluminum-alumina cermets were investigated. Two spherical aluminum powders having average diameters of 36 and 81 microns were compared. Those powders were blended with alumina at several concentrations. Coatings were produced using a commercial low pressure cold spray system. Powders and coatings were characterized by electronic microscopy and microhardness measurements. In-flight particle velocities were monitored for all powders. The deposition efficiency was measured for all experimental conditions. Coating performance and properties were investigated by performing bond strength test, abrasion test and corrosion tests, namely, salt spray and alternated immersion in salt water tests. These coating properties were correlated to the alumina fraction either in the starting powder or in the coating.
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Charles, Joshua, Carlos Romero, Sudhakar Neti, Chunjian Pan, Xingchao Wang, Richard Bonner, Ying Zheng, Chien-Hua Chen, and Sean Hoenig. "Maximizing Plant Efficiency While Minimizing Water Usage Through Use of a Phase Change Material-Based Cold Energy Storage System." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7318.

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A supplemental main steam condenser cooling system is under development, which utilizes a phase change material (PCM). This PCM rejects heat to the cool atmosphere at night until it is fully frozen. The frozen PCM is available for condenser cooling during peak daytime electric demand. Three calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O)-based PCMs were selected for development after being characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additives to minimize supercooling and phase separation have demonstrated good performance after long and short-term thermal cycling. Corrosion testing under both isothermal and cycling conditions was conducted to determine long-term compatibility between several common metals and the selected PCMs. Several metals were demonstrated to have acceptably low corrosion rates for long-term operation, despite continual immersion in the selected hydrated salts. A system optimization model was developed, which utilizes a 3D modeling approach called the Layered Thermal Resistance (LTR) model. This model efficiently models the nonlinear, transient solidification process by applying analytic equations to layers of PCM. Good agreement was found between this model and more traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Next phases of the work includes prototype testing and a techno-economic analysis of the technology.
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Deng, C. M., C. G. Deng, M. Liu, J. Huang, K. S. Zhou, Z. K. Chen, A. Wank, and A. Schwenk. "Corrosion of Ti Coating Prepared by Modified HVOF Process." In ITSC2010, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0658.

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Abstract Titanium exhibits very good corrosion resistance property because of the formation of very dense oxide coating. Especially the good corrosion against Cl- solution for titanium material makes it wide applications in sea industry. It is very difficult to deposit titanium coating under atmospheric condition due to the strong affinity with oxygen and nitrogen especially in high temperature plume. Except the expensive LPPS process, much attention has been paid to the newly developed cold spraying. Unfortunately the stringent requirement for the starting power and low production efficiency limit the application of the cold spraying. A modified HVOF process was developed by reducing the outlet diameter of chamber and by directly introducing water into chamber, therefore lower plume temperature and higher chamber pressure than conventional HVOF process can be achieved. Attempts to deposit Titanium coating were carried out, and immersion of Titanium coated A3 steel into artificial seawater was performed in order to evaluate the density of as-sprayed Titanium coating. The results showed that dense Titanium coating could be obtained after parameter optimization and very few corrosion spot was observed on the surface of Titanium coated A3 steel after immersion into artificial seawater for 120 h.
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Reports on the topic "Cold-water immersion"

1

Goforth, H. W., Arnall Jr., and D. A. Effectiveness of Glycerol Ingestion for Enhanced Body Water Retention during Cold Water Immersion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada234942.

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O'Brien, Catherine, Dee T. Lee, Avraham Shitzer, Andrew J. Young, Michael N. Sawka, and Kent B. Pandolf. Human Responses to Cold After Repeated Immersion in 20 Deg. C Water. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342165.

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Doubt, T. J., and D. J. Smith. COLDEX-86: Physical Work Capacity during Prolonged Cold Water Immersion at 6.1 msw. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233767.

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