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Journal articles on the topic 'Cold Rolling'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Slimani, K., M. Zaaf, and H. Bendjama. "Simplified Modelling of Tandem Cold Rolling." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 40, no. 11 (December 20, 2018): 1509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.40.11.1509.

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2

OKAMOTO, Takahiko. "Development of Cold Rolling Oils and Research of Cold Rolling Tribology." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 52, no. 611 (2011): 1286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.52.1286.

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3

Rakhmanov, S. R. "Dynamics control in pipe cold rolling mill main drive." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-355-364.

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Elimination of unstable and critical states of deformed systems of pipes pilger cold rolling mill, heavy-loaded equipment of which functions under conditionsof increase dynamic loads, is mainly intended for mechanic system dynamics stabilization until the accepted level of loading. Active mechanicties in the initial dynamic model revealed, which stipulate the demonstration of pronounced parametric processes in the studied system of pipes cold rolling mill main driver. Analysis of reasons of parametric oscillations originating carried out for systems of pipes cold rolling mill main driver. Zones of dynamic instability of mechanic system functioning according to Eins–Strett diagram determined, that enable to make the choice of passive optimal rolling regimes at the stage of technological processes designing of pipes pilger cold rolling.A system of active control by main driver of pipes cold rolling mill elaborated based on its mathematical model. A structure of optimal control by angular oscillations driver line elements of pipes cold rolling mill selected and parameters ofactive control impacts of the automated servo control system determined. A mechanism of optimal control by dynamic state ofdriver line elements of pipes cold rolling mill proposed. Also proposed an outline of critical and instablestates elimination for the main driver line driver of pipes cold rolling mill, which is realized by means of adaptive active automated servo control facility. The modernized main driver line of pipes cold rolling mill is equipped by facilities and control systems, enabling to switch the initial mechanic system from a critical state into a zone ofdesired states in a servo regime. Sensors of threshold moments level of elasticity forcesare installed on the drive shaft of main driver of pipes cold rolling mill. During the drive shaft angular elastic oscillations, comprising of actual and desired parameters of mechanicsystem is made based on sensors signals. Next, a correspondent control impact is formed based on algorithm embedded into the electric drive servo control system. When the displayed point of the drive shaft reaches the desired area of system dynamic stability, the active drive control is switched off. If further the disturbing load, applied from the side of deformation seat, makes the drive line dynamic characteristics off the desired status, then the dynamic system control process is repeated in anautomated mode. Reliability of the results received confirmed by calculation example and experiments at the main driver of pipes cold rolling mill ХПТ-32.
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4

Aanestad, A. "Simulation of cold rolling." Materials Science and Technology 2, no. 6 (June 1986): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1986.2.6.620.

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5

Fleck, N. A., K. L. Johnson, M. E. Mear, and L. C. Zhang. "Cold Rolling of Foil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 206, no. 2 (May 1992): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_064_02.

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A theory of cold rolling of thin gauge strip is presented which, within the idealizations of homogeneous deformation and a constant coefficient of Coulomb friction, rigorously models the elastic deformation of the rolls and the frictional traction at the interface. In contrast with classical theories (3) it is shown that, for gauges less than a critical value, plastic reduction takes place in two zones, at entry and exit, which are separated by a neutral zone in which the rolls are compressed fiat and there is no slip between the rolls and the strip. Roll load and torque are governed by five independent non-dimensional parameters which express the influence of gauge, reduction, friction and front and back tensions. Values of load and torque have been computed (for zero front and back tensions) for a wide range of thickness, reduction and friction and have been found to collapse approximately on to a single master curve.
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6

Ko, Kyung Jun, Hyung Ki Park, and Chan Hee Han. "The Effect of Cold Rolling Direction on the Secondary Recrystallization in Fe-3%Si Steel." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.591.

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In order to verify the origin of Goss nuclei for secondary recrystallization in Fe-3%Si steel, the effect of cold-rolling direction on the secondary recrystallization was examined in this study. The cold-rolling direction was rotated through 0 ~ 90 degrees about the hot-rolling direction on normal direction axis of hot-rolled sheet. In spite of the different initial texture before cold rolling, the 88% cold rolled texture was formed by similar α and γ fiber regardless of the rotation of cold rolling direction. Likewise, regardless of the cold rolling direction, the primary recrystallized sheets had a similar texture. In particular, the area fraction of Goss component (tolerance angle within 15º) in the primary recrystallized sheets was increased in the cold rolling condition of rotating through 60, 90 degrees from the hot rolling direction. After high temperature annealing at 1200°C, the secondary recrystallized grain was fully evolved in the all conditions. The sharpness of Goss texture in secondary recrystallized sheet was decreased as increasing the rotation angle of cold rolling direction.
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7

Cui, Feng Kui, Xuan Jing He, Chun Mei Li, Yan Li, and Zhi Ren Han. "Shaping Movement Analysis and Simulation of Ballscrew Manufactured by Cold Rolling." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4032.

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According to the kinematics theory of part surface forming motion and engagement principle, shaping movement of ballscrew manufactured by cold rolling has been investigated. The motion relationship and mathematical model of ballscrew have been built. By means of ADAMS and MATLAB the motion simulation and numerical calculation of cold rolling have been done. From analysis results, motion relationships between roller and workpiece and forming principle of cold rolling have been revealed. These studies will provide quantitative basis for technologic research of cold rolling and promote the study of ballscrew’s cold rolling forming mechanism.
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8

Sudo, Masatoshi. "Effect of Rolling Friction on the Development of {111} Texture in A1050 Aluminium Sheets." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1551.

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Commercially pure aluminum (A1050) sheets have been cold- rolled in vacuum, to obtain high friction between rolls and sheet. This cold-rolling in vacuum successfully introduced large shear deformation near the sheet surface. The shear strain is the highest at the sheet surface, and rapidly decreased to zero at the quarter thickness. These high shear strains are sufficient enough to produce {111} and {001} cold- rolling, or shear texture. Conventional cold-rolling texture such as (001) [100], is naturally observed at the mid-thickness. It is confirmed that a high shear strain and probably steep strain gradient through thickness have a sufficient effect on the increase in {111} cold-rolling texture near the sheet surface. {111} cold-rolling texture is proved to be effective in the evolution of {111} recrystallization texture. This development will be discussed based on the cold-rolling texture change.
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9

Li, Yong Tang, Jian Li Song, Da Wei Zhang, and Quan Gang Zheng. "Mechanics Analysis and Numerical Simulation on the Precise Forming Process of Spline Cold Rolling." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.416.

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The forming process of spline cold rolling was analyzed. The unit average pressure, contact area and rolling force in the cold rolling precision forming process were analyzed and solved. The mechanical and mathematical model has been set up on the basis of the analysis. The numerical simulation of spline cold rolling process was carried out. The results obtained by comparison of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment provide a theoretical basis for the study and application of spline cold rolling process.
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10

Kaiser, M. S. "PRECIPITATION AND SOFTENING BEHAVIOUR OF CAST, COLD ROLLED AND HOT ROLLING PRIOR TO COLD ROLLED AL-6MG ALLOY ANNEALED AT HIGH TEMPERATURE." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 1 (July 30, 2015): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v45i1.24381.

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The effect of cast, cold rolling and hot rolling prior to cold rolling reduction on the hardness, electrical conductivity and grain size of annealed Al-6Mg alloys was studied. It was found that the hot rolling prior to cold rolling attend the higher strength due to precipitation of b-phase during hot rolling which hinder the dislocation movement. At higher temperature of annealing electrical resistivity decreses due to particle coarcening but in case of cast alloy it increases due to precipitation of b-phase. It is seen from the microstructure that the cold worked structures are comprised of elongated grains. It is also observed that the cold rolled alloy attained almost fully re-crystallized state after annealing at 400oC for 60 minutes.
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11

Zhao, Xiu Ting. "FEM Simulation on Cold Rolling of Outer Spherical Bearing Ring." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1088–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1088.

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Ring rolling theory based on completion of the mold, rough and technical parameters of the design, application Abaqus software to build three-dimensional model of rolling, and the use of Abaqus / Explicit algorithm of external spherical bearing outer ring of cold ring rolling simulation and analysis come to different mold shape, size, structure and guide roller feed specifications on the forming process, reveals a spherical bearing outer ring of the mechanism of cold ring rolling, gets die structure is different, different size core roller, guide rollers with different combinations of cold rolling play a crucial role in forming quality. At the same time by rolling the solution results demonstrate the power of cold ring rolling of the nonlinear characteristics. Revealed the ring rolling process is a complex interaction of multi-parameter deformation coupling.
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12

Wang, Honghao, Sheng Ding, Tom Taylor, and Jun Yanagimoto. "Cold Rolling Texture Prediction Using Finite Element Simulation with Zooming Analysis." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 6909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226909.

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Cold rolling is widely employed in the manufacturing industry for the production of metal plates. In the cold rolling process, the thickness reduction of the metal plate under the recrystallization temperature generates severe anisotropy; this influences the subsequent forming processes. Therefore, the generation and prediction of metal plate anisotropy during cold rolling is a highly interesting research topic involving upstream studies of sheet metal forming. In this study, using the finite element method with zooming analysis, we established an efficient elastic–plastic analysis method to predict the metal plate texture after cold rolling. This method for cold rolling texture prediction was confirmed by comparing the experimental and simulation results of cold rolling for an S45C plate with a body-centered cubic lattice. Further, the numerical analysis method proposed in this study can contribute to the study of anisotropy as an alternative to experimental approaches.
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13

Lohmuller, Paul, Laurent Peltier, Alain Hazotte, Julien Zollinger, Pascal Laheurte, and Eric Fleury. "Variations of the Elastic Properties of the CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy Deformed by Groove Cold Rolling." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081337.

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The variations of the mechanical properties of the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) during groove cold rolling process were investigated with the aim of understanding their correlation relationships with the crystallographic texture. Our study revealed divergences in the variations of the microhardness and yield strength measured from samples deformed by groove cold rolling and conventional cold rolling processes. The crystallographic texture analyzed by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) revealed a hybrid texture between those obtained by conventional rolling and drawing processes. Though the groove cold rolling process induced a marked strengthening effect in the CoCrFeMnNi HEA, the mechanical properties were also characterized by an unusual decrease of the Young’s modulus as the applied groove cold rolled deformation increased up to about 0.5 before reaching a stabilized value. This decrease of the Young’s modulus was attributed to the increased density of mobile dislocations induced by work hardening during groove cold rolling processing.
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14

Pan, Yanfeng, Yifu Shen, and Pizhi Zhao. "The Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Al-Fe-Mn Alloys with Different Fe Contents during Cold Rolling." Metals 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100753.

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The microstructure transformations and deformation behavior of Al-Fe-Mn alloys with different Fe contents during their cold rolling process were investigated by means of hardness testing, conductivity testing, and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that the hardness of the two alloys increased initially along with the levels of cold rolling reduction, then reduced when levels of cold rolling reduction increased further. Two kinds of deformation behaviors, work hardening and work softening, were observed during cold rolling for both Al-Fe-Mn alloys with different Fe contents. The critical level of cold rolling reduction that led to the change from work hardening to work softening was different in both alloys and the critical level of cold rolling reduction of the alloy with high Fe content was significantly lower than that of the alloy with low Fe content. During the work hardening process, the number of dislocations in the alloys increased continuously as the level of cold rolling reduction increased and they were accompanied by the formation of substructures. After the occurrence of work softening, the dislocation density in the alloys was significantly reduced. The sub-grain structures polygonized and ultimately transformed into equiaxed sub-grains.
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15

Ramdan, Raden Dadan, Joy Rizki Pangestu Djuansjah, Rochim Suratman, Esah Hamzah, and Sudin Izman. "Effect of Cold Rolling Treatment on the Formation of Titanium Oxide Layer on Ti6Al4V Alloys by Thermal-Electrochemical Anodizing Processes." Materials Science Forum 737 (January 2013): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.737.54.

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The present work concerns on preparing suitable titanium alloy substrate that might induce better characteristic of titanium oxide layer on the substrate. Different degree of cold rolling treatments were applied on Ti6Al4V alloy before thermal-electrochemical anodizing processes. The later processes were performed to produce titanium oxide layer which combines thermal process by heat treatment and followed with electrochemical anodizing process. After thermal heat treatment process, it was observed more homogeneous titanium oxide layer for the samples given cold rolling treatment as compared with sample without the treatment. This condition is believed due to the finer substrate surface after cold rolling treatment as observed from surface roughness measurement. Similar situation was observed after anodizing process that irregular oxidized layer was observed for sample without cold rolling treatment, whereas more homogenous layer was observed for sample with cold rolling treatment. Except for sample without cold rolling treatment, anodizing treatment tends to create finer oxidized layer. Therefore, it can be concluded that cold rolling treatment on titanium substrate before oxidizing process induces the formation of homogeneous oxide layer, whereas additional anodizing process create finer titanium oxide layer.
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16

Hwu, Yhu Jen, Jian Ting Lee, and Yeau Ren Jeng. "Development of Mixed Lubrication Cold Rolling Model." Key Engineering Materials 642 (April 2015): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.642.190.

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Within past 20 years, high surface qualities of cold strip were demanded by automotive industry and electrical engineering. Main purposes of cold rolling processed are to provide high quality surface and generate appropriate roughness for different customs. Emulsion is a common coolant used in cold rolling processes, Properties of base oil in emulsion, concentration, roughness of work roll, rolling speed and reduction are important parameters, which dominate the surface qualities of cold rolled strip. Hence, a powerful cold rolling model which can describe complicate tribological behavior in roll bite is required. In this article, a cold rolling model which integrates roll deformation and mixed lubrication in inlet zone and biting area was developed. The thickness of oil film, fraction of contact area and coefficient of friction in roll bite are calculated.
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17

Pinaki, Prasad Bhattacharjee, and Zaid Ahmed Mohammed. "Effect of Warm-Rolling on the Formation of Microstructure and Microtexture of the Constituent Phases in a Duplex Steel." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2555.

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The effect of warm-rolling on the evolution of microstructure and microtexture was investigated in a duplex steel. For this purpose annealed duplex steel plates were cold and warm-rolled up to 90% reduction in thickness at room temperature and at 625°C, respectively. The austenite volume fraction decreased consistently during cold-rolling indicating that austenite was not stable during cold-rolling. In contrast, austenite was found to be very stable during warm-rolling at 625°C. Development of an ultrafine lamellar deformation structure with alternate arrangement of the ferrite and austenite bands could be observed during warm-rolling. A strong pure metal or copper type texture was observed in the austenite in the warm-rolled material in contrast to brass texture developed during cold-rolling. Development of RD (RD//<110>) fiber and ND-fiber (ND//<111>) was observed in ferrite during both cold and warm-rolling. However, the strength of the RD-fiber was much higher as compared to the ND-fiber in ferrite in cold-rolled DSS as compared to the ferrite in warm-rolled DSS.
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18

Wang, Bing, Jian Lin Sun, and Yuan Yuan Wu. "Lubricating Performances of Nano Organic-Molybdenum as Additives in Water-Based Liquid during Cold Rolling." Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.550.

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The non-parathion nano organic molybdenum (Nano-Mo) was adopted to substitute for the conventional extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives, uniformly dispersed in water-based cold rolling liquid for steel strips. The tribological properties of the water-based cold rolling liquid were tested by the four-ball machine, and the lubricity of the cold-rolling liquid for steel strip was evaluated on the 4-high cold rolling experiments. Besides, the worn surfaces of the steel balls were observed by an optical microscope. Results indicated that Nano-Mo as additive in water-based cold rolling liquid, compared with the conventional emulsions, PB values was increased by 4%, and friction coefficient and wear scar diameter were decreased by 10.8% and 13.1%, the lubricity of rolling liquid was verified by cold rolling test which showed that this liquid had the excellent lubricant performance to reduce the rolling force, save energy consumption and get thinner strip. Optical microscope was used to observe the strips surface which showed that strip surface streaks were clear, scratches were less and shallow. By roughness test and EDS analysis, defects were filled with nanoparticles, friction and wear were reduced effectively. In addition, tensile properties had been studied after rolling lubrication, but the results showed no significant effect.
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19

Liu, Yan Dong, He Tong, Q. W. Jiang, Y. Ren, Yan Dong Wang, and Liang Zuo. "The Study on the Microstructure Characters of Pure Iron during Cold Rolling by High Energy X-Ray Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.889.

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The microstructure characters of pure Iron during cold rolling were studied by HEXD (high-energy x-ray diffraction). The experimental result shows that the Debby ring of HEXD before cold rolling is discrete and very strong, the discrete diffraction points become continue and smooth with the increase of cold rolling reduction. The {001}<110> textures transform to the {001}<uvw> texture after cold rolling, in this process the grains divisional are analyzed by the HEXD result.
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20

Kwok, T. W. J., P. Gong, X. Xu, J. Nutter, W. M. Rainforth, and D. Dye. "Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Behaviour of a Cold Rolled 8 Wt Pct Mn Medium Manganese Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 53, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06534-9.

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AbstractA novel medium manganese steel with composition Fe–8.3Mn–3.8Al–1.8Si–0.5C–0.06V–0.05Sn was developed and thermomechanically processed through hot rolling and intercritical annealing. The steel possessed a yield strength of 1 GPa, tensile strength of 1.13 GPa and ductility of 41 pct. In order to study the effect of cold rolling after intercritical annealing on subsequent tensile properties, the steel was further cold rolled up to 20 pct reduction. After cold rolling, it was observed that the strain hardening rate increased continuously with increasing cold rolling reduction but without a significant drop in ductility during subsequent tensile tests. The microstructural evolution with cold rolling reduction was analysed to understand the mechanisms behind this phenomena. It was found that cold rolling activated additional twinning systems which provided a large number of potent nucleation sites for strain induced martensite to form during subsequent tensile tests in what can be described as an enhanced TRIP effect.
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21

Fan, Lifeng, Zhiyu Guo, Erbin Yue, and Jianzhong He. "Effect of Secondary Cold Rolling Reduction Rate on Secondary Recrystallization Behavior of CGO Steel." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020289.

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With the implementation of the “double carbon” policy in various countries in the world, the demand for grain-oriented electrical steel with low iron loss and high magnetic induction is increasing. Reducing the thickness of the steel sheets is an effective method to reduce the iron loss. The sheet thickness reduction means the increasing cold rolling reduction rate, especially the secondary cold rolling reduction rate, will directly affect the texture evolution of the secondary recrystallization process. In this paper, the secondary cold rolling reduction rate of commercial grain-oriented silicon steel was studied by means of X-ray Diffraction, Electron Backscatter Diffraction. The results showed that Ultra-thin oriented silicon steel cannot be obtained by increasing the secondary cold rolling reduction rate alone; the optimum secondary cold rolling reduction rate was 59.2%. The grain size increased as the secondary cold rolling reduction rate increased and favorable texture content decreased, which was disadvantage to obtain a secondary recrystallization environment.
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22

Lan, Chun Bo, Yu Wu, and Feng Chen. "Effects of Cold Rolling on Microstructure and Anomalous Thermal Expansion Behaviors of Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.3O Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 729 (February 2017): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.729.46.

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Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.3O (wt.%) alloy was melted under high-purity argon atmosphere in an electric arc furnace, followed by cold rolling. The effects of deformation process on microstructures and thermal expansion behaviors were investigated by OM, XRD and TMA. Results showed that the stress-induced α" martensitic transformation occurs after cold rolling. The solution treated sample exhibits normal thermal expansion along the rolling direction, and the thermal expansion rate increases with the increase of temperature. After cold rolling, thermal expansion behavior is polarized (negative thermal expansion occurs along rolling direction and normal thermal expansion higher than solution treated sample occurs along transverse direction). The thermal expansion rate along rolling direction decreases with the increase of reduction. The 40% cold deformed sample along rolling direction possesses Invar effect in a temperature range from 25°C to 350°C. The anomalous thermal expansion behaviors of cold rolled samples possibly relate to stress-induced α" martensitic transformation and β <110> texture evolution.
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23

Breesam, Waleed, Khearia Mohamad, and Mofeed Rashid. "Simulation Model of Cold Rolling Mill." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 16, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.16.1.9.

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This work deals with the simulation model of multi-machines system as cold rolling mill is considered as application. Drivers of rolling system are a set of DC motors, which have extend applications in factories as aluminum rolling. Interconnection of multi DC motors in such a way that they are synchronized in their rotational speed. In cold rolling, the accuracy of the strip exit thickness is a very important factors. To realize accuracy in the strip exit thickness, Automatic Gauge Control system is used. In this paper MATLAB/SIMULINK models are proposed and implemented for the entire structures. Simulation results were presented to verify proposed model of cold rolling mill
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24

Aljabri, Abdulrahman, Zheng Yi Jiang, and Dong Bin Wei. "Finite Element Analysis of Thin Strip Profile in Asymmetric Cold Rolling Considering Work Roll Crossing and Shifting." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.515.

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Cold rolled thin strip has received a great deal of attention through technological and theoretical progress in the rolling process, as well as from researchers who have focused on some essential parameters of strip such as its shape and profile. This paper describes the development of a 3-D finite element model of the shape of thin strip during cold rolling to simulate the cold rolling of WCS (work roll crossing and shifting) in asymmetric rolling. This finite element model considers the asymmetrical rolling parameters such as variations in the diameters of the rolls and the crossing angle as the work roll shifts on the strip during cold rolling. The shape and profile of the strip are discussed in the asymmetrical and symmetrical rolling conditions, while the total rolling force and distribution of stress are discussed in the case where the roll cross angle and axial shifting roll changes. The results can then be used to control the shape and profile of thin strip during rolling.
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25

Nyui, Tatsuaki, and Satoshi Hattori. "Recent aluminum cold rolling mill." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 51, no. 7 (July 30, 2001): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.51.385.

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26

FUJII, Yasuyuki. "Development of Cold Rolling Technology." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 53, no. 623 (2012): 1080–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.53.1080.

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27

Pawelski, Hartmut. "Friction inhomogeneities in cold rolling." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 125-126 (September 2002): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00350-3.

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28

Liu, Y. J., A. K. Tieu, D. D. Wang, and W. Y. D. Yuen. "Friction measurement in cold rolling." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 111, no. 1-3 (April 2001): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(01)00541-6.

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29

Hosoda, Hideki, Shuichi Miyazaki, Kanryu Inoue, Toshihiko Fukui, Kiyoshi Mizuuchi, Yoshinao Mishima, and Tomoo Suzuki. "Cold rolling of B2 intermetallics." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 302, no. 1-2 (April 2000): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(00)00583-1.

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30

MATSUOKA, Shin-ichi, Takanari HOSOKAWA, Fumiaki NAKAGAWA, and Tsutomu MURAI. "Cold Rolling of Magnesium Alloy." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2004.12 (2004): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2004.12.407.

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31

Wilson, W. R. D., C. T. Chang, and C. Y. Sa. "Interface temperatures in cold rolling." Journal of Materials Shaping Technology 6, no. 4 (December 1988): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02834737.

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32

ZHOU, Fuqiang. "Influence factors of rolling force in tandem cold rolling." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 43, no. 10 (2007): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2007.10.094.

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33

Li, Y., Z. Jiang, and F. Li. "Analysis of rolling force model in cold rolling mill." Revue de Métallurgie 106, no. 2 (February 2009): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2009016.

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34

He, Youliang, and Erik J. Hilinski. "Textures of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets Produced by Skew Cold Rolling and Annealing." Metals 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010017.

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In order to investigate the effect of cold rolling deformation mode and initial texture on the final textures of non-oriented electrical steels, a special rolling technique, i.e., skew rolling, was utilized to cold reduce steels. This not only altered initial textures but also changed the rolling deformation mode from plane-strain compression (2D) to a more complicated 3D mode consisting of thickness reduction, strip elongation, strip width spread and bending. This 3D deformation induced significantly different cold-rolling textures from those observed with conventional rolling, especially for steels containing low (0.88 wt%) and medium (1.83 wt%) amounts of silicon at high skew angles (30° and 45°). The difference in cold-rolling texture was attributed to the change of initial texture and the high shear strain resulting from skew rolling. After annealing, significantly different recrystallization textures also formed, which did not show continuous <110>//RD (rolling direction) and <111>//ND (normal direction) fibers as commonly observed in conventionally rolled and annealed steels. At some skew angles (e.g., 15–30°), the desired <001>//ND texture was largely enhanced, while at other angles (e.g., 45°), this fiber was essentially unchanged. The formation mechanisms of the cold rolling and recrystallization textures were qualitatively discussed.
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35

Xiaoping, SUN, HOU Fengqi, YANG Hui, Wang Kaixuan, and LIU Xianghong. "Effects of cold tandem rolling on microstructures and mechanical properties of TC16 titanium alloy wire for fastener use." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111086.

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High-precision dimension controlling and special requirement of microstructures and mechanical for TC16 Alloy wire was obtained by cold rolling. In this paper, the effects of cold tandem rolling on M and STA mechanical of TC16 Alloy wire were investigated through Comparative study TC16 Alloy wire by cold tandem rolling and hot-draw. The results show that the M state tensile and yield strength of TC16 Alloy wire obtained by cold tandem was lower, while the ductility was higher. And this benefits the subsequent Cold Heading formability. The result of solid solution for TC16 Alloy wire by cold tandem rolling was evidenced, the tensile strength has been increased and the ductility has been reduced more drastically. To break down elongated α of Vertical microstructure ability and drastic machining deformation have significant contributions to the annealed ductility and solution strengthening. It is very positive to TC16 titanium alloy use for fastener of heat treatment strength with the cold tandem rolling technology application.
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36

Wu, Kun Kui, Jun Xu, Zhi Qiang Zhang, and Gui Ying Xu. "Theory Study and Application on Emulsion Performance for Cold Rolling." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2853.

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Based on the performance requirements of product in cold rolling, stability, saponification and pH value influence on quality of emulsion was analyzed. The quality indexes of emulsion were established in characteristic of lubricating and cooling system on cold tandem mills. The experiment studied ratio of rolling oil for cold rolling with formula calculating and experimental determination of application. After optimization of long-term effecting observed, it can ultimately determine the efficiency of emulsion with excellent ingredient and performance parameters. It would lay solid foundation for the production of high quality cold rolling strip.
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37

Mondi, Papa Rao, R. Madhavan, V. Subramanya Sarma, and S. Sankaran. "Study of Texture in Ultra Fine Grained Dual Phase Steel Sheets." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.806.

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Severe cold rolling and short intercritcal annealing is often used to produce ultra-fine grained ferrite and martensite dual phase steels. In this paper, microstructure and texture of Nb-microalloyed steel following cold rolling and short intercritical annealing is investigated. The results show that cold rolling and annealing resulted in ultra-fine grained dual phase steel consisted of polygonal ferrite in the range of ~1-2 μm in size. In cold rolled material, the texture components are γ fiber (//normal direction) and α fiber (//rolling direction). Partial recrystallization texture was observed following intercritical annealing.
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38

Buza, Gábor, Dóra Janovszky, I. Zupkó, K. Tomolya, M. Sveda, T. Naszrai, Cs Puskás, O. Szabados, and Z. Kálazi. "Aptitude for Cold Rolling of Laser Welded Joints and their Environment in the Case of Steel Sheets." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.127.

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In order to perform a continuous cold rolling of steel sheets, hot rolled coils need to be attached to each other in order to get an endless sheet. This process can be achieved by laser key-hole welding as well. The structure and mechanical properties (e.g. hardness) of the welded joint without added metal, as well its heat affected zone differs significantly from the base metal. During our laboratory experiments the aptitude of cold rolling of joints and their environment, as well as the change in the features of materials was analyzed. During the rolling phases the hardness of the joint is higher than the ground structure, the strip thickness is modified depending on the difference of the hardness during the passes. According to our findings, the significant difference in measured hardness profile and texture structure prior to cold rolling and during cold rolling is minimized due to a recrystallisation annealing treatment following the cold rolling procedure. It is obvious that the normalization before cold rolling has advantageous effect to the properties of the welded joint. Elongation of the normalized samples is bigger than elongation of the non normalized samples.
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39

Zvinavashe, Kudzai C., Silethelwe Chikosha, Daniel Makundwaneyi Madyira, and Mbavhalelo Maumela. "The Effect of Cold Rolling Parameters on the Densification of Titanium Sintered Strips." Key Engineering Materials 938 (December 26, 2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2ejfak.

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Powder metallurgy (PM) is an alternative approach to ingot metallurgy (IM) in the production of metal products. It is of paramount importance for PM to be able to produce fully dense products for it to make headway in becoming an equal alternative to IM and be a better option economy-wise. Cold rolling is an inexpensive post-sintering densification option that enables the lowering of sintering conditions. Experiments were carried out in this study to investigate cold rolling parameters on the densification of titanium brown compacts with a starting relative density of 89.3 %. The highest relative density obtained during the cold rolling experiments was 97.7 % without any annealing. It was found that the density increases with an increase in the percentage reduction of cold rolling. High percentage reductions reduce the number of roll passes needed to increase the density up to a limit where the brown compacts become susceptible to severe rolling defects. It was also found that the total increase in density increases with a decrease in cold rolling speed. An increase in the relative density of 8.36 % was observed at the cold rolling speed of 1 rpm, whereas the highest increase recorded at 10 rpm was 5.83 %.
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40

Zhao, Jianwei, Jingdong Li, Haotang Qie, Jian Shao, Xiaochen Wang, and Quan Yang. "Online Prediction of Deformation Resistance for Strip Tandem Cold Rolling Based on Data-Driven." Metals 13, no. 4 (April 10, 2023): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040737.

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An online model is proposed for predicting deformation resistance in the strip tandem cold rolling by combining the back propagation neural network optimized by the mind evolutionary algorithm (MEA-BP) and the deformation resistance analytical model. The real-time collection of hot and cold rolling process data is achieved by constructing a “hot and cold rolling” cross-process data platform. Based on this, a dataset including historical production data of hot and cold rolling is established to train and test the model. The application result of the proposed model shows that the deformation resistance prediction error can be reduced from ±12% to ±5% compared with the traditional analytical model, which demonstrates the model established in this work can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the deformation resistance in the strip tandem cold rolling.
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41

Gunti, Abhilash, Parijat Pallab Jana, Min-Ha Lee, and Jayanta Das. "Effect of Cold Rolling on the Evolution of Shear Bands and Nanoindentation Hardness in Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 Bulk Metallic Glass." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071670.

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The effect of cold rolling on the evolution of hardness (H) and Young’s modulus (E) on the rolling-width (RW), normal-rolling (NR), and normal-width (NW) planes in Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Vitreloy 1) bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated systematically using nanoindentation at peak loads in the range of 50 mN–500 mN. The hardness at specimen surface varied with cold rolling percentage (%) and the variation is similar on RW and NR planes at all the different peak loads, whereas the same is insignificant for the core region of the specimen on the NW plane. Three-dimensional (3D) optical surface profilometry studies on the NR plane suggest that the shear band spacing decreases and shear band offset height increases with the increase of cold rolling extent. Meanwhile, the number of the pop-in events during loading for all the planes reduces with the increase of cold rolling extent pointing to more homogeneous deformation upon rolling. Calorimetric studies were performed to correlate the net free volume content and hardness in the differently cold rolled specimens.
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42

Yang, Zhe, Ding Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Weichao Huang, and Gang Zheng. "Optimization of Rolling Schedule for Single-Stand Reversible Cold Rolling Mill Based on Multiobjective Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9167017.

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The single-stand reversible cold rolling mill is important equipment in the production of steel strips. The rolling schedule is the core technological content in the strip production of the single-stand reversible cold rolling mill. The scientific rolling schedule is the fundamental guarantee for the production capacity of the rolling mill, product quality, accuracy, shape quality, energy saving, and consumption reduction. This paper takes the dynamic rolling process of single-stand cold rolling as the research object, the purposes of increasing production capacity, saving energy, and reducing consumption are achieved by optimizing the rolling schedule. Based on the study of the mechanism model and the analysis of a large number of field measured data, a slice of mathematical models of the rolling process suitable for engineering calculation are proposed, and a few objective functions suitable for the single-stand reversible cold rolling process are designed. On this basis, the artificial fish swarm algorithm is improved into a multiobjective optimization algorithm for the optimization of rolling schedule, and the optimal rolling load distribution scheme is obtained. Finally, the optimization method of rolling schedule proposed in this paper is applied to the actual rolling production. The results show that the proposed method can improve productivity and save energy compared with the empirical rolling schedule, and the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm are verified.
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43

Ha, Yoosung, and Akihiko Kimura. "Effect of Cold Rolling on Recrystallization Behavior of Al-Free and Al-Added 15Cr-ODS Ferritic Steels." Crystals 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030145.

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The effect of cold rolling on the recrystallization behavior of Al-free and Al-added 15Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels was investigated. The recrystallization of both steels are enhanced by cold rolling. The Al-free ODS steel with finer oxide particles is harder to recrystallize than Al-added ODS steel with coarser oxide particles. The effect of Al addition on the recrystallization behavior is evident. It is estimated that the recrystallization temperature of Al-free and Al-added 15Cr-ODS ferritic steel is 900 °C and 1250 °C with the annealing period of 1 h. In Al-free ODS steel, a small hardening was observed in the temperature range between 850 °C and 1200 °C, while no such phenomenon was observed in Al-added ODS steel, which is indicative of retardation of recovery by finely dispersed oxide particles. Oxide particle growth is mostly dependent on annealing temperature, while recrystallization and grain growth are controlled by not only the temperature, but the cold rolling ratio, which alters the multiple factors such as dislocation density, initial grain shape and oxide particle dispersion morphology. The cold rolling direction also influences the grain morphology and grain orientation in Al-added ODS steel, and the second rolling in a perpendicular direction to the first cold rolling direction induces the rotation of the grains from <110> to <112>. The recrystallization temperature is not significantly changed by the cold rolling direction. Recrystallization after cold rolling appears to increase the {111} grain orientation on the cold rolled specimen surface.
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44

Xu, Li Wei, Hua Bing Li, Qi Feng Ma, Zhou Hua Jiang, and Dong Ping Zhan. "The Influence of Cold Working on Semiconducting Properties of Passive Film and Pitting Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.784.

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The effect of cold working on semiconducting properties of passive film and pitting corrosion resistance of 19Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.9N high nitrogen austenitic stainless were investigated by anodic polarization, AC impedance and capacitance measurement methods. With increasing the cold rolling deformation ranging from 0% to 60%, the passive region of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel decreases, and the corrosion potential, EIS radius and polarization resistance all decreases. The Mott-Schottky result indicates that the pitting corrosion resistance deteriorates with increment of cold rolling deformation. The results show that the passive films formed on high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel with different cold rolling deformation behave as n-type semiconductors. With increasing the cold rolling deformation grade, the donor density (ND) increases, but the thickness of the space-charge layer (W) decreases. The decreasing of the thickness of space-charge layer with increment of cold rolling deformation is attributed to the inceasing defect which deteriorates the stability of the passive film.
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45

Qin, Jing, Xun Li, Dongsheng Wang, Chen Zhou, Tongsheng Hu, Jingwen Wang, Youwen Yang, and Yujun Hu. "Microstructure and Texture Evolution in Cold-Rolled and Annealed Oxygen-Free Copper Sheets." Materials 17, no. 10 (May 8, 2024): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102202.

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Commercial oxygen-free copper sheets were cold-rolled with reduction rates ranging from 20% to 87% and annealed at 400, 500 and 600 °C. The microstructure and texture evolution during the cold-rolling and annealing processes were studied using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the deformation textures of {123}<634> (S), {112}<111> (Copper) and {110}<112> (Brass) were continuously enhanced with the increase in cold-rolling reduction. The orientations along the α-oriented fiber converged towards Brass, and the orientation density of β fiber obviously increased when the rolling reduction exceeded 60%. The recrystallization texture was significantly affected by the cold-rolling reduction. After 60% cold-rolling reduction, Copper and S texture components gradually decreased, and the {011}<511> recrystallization texture component formed with the increase in annealing temperature. After 87% cold-rolling reduction, a strong Cube texture formed, and other textures were inhibited with the increase in annealing temperature. The strong Brass and S deformation texture was conducive to the formation of a strong Cube annealing texture. The density of the annealing twin boundary decreased with the increase in annealing temperature, and more annealing twin boundaries formed in the oxygen-free copper sheets with the increase in cold-rolling reduction.
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46

Ogawa, Toshio, Yutaro Suzuki, Yoshitaka Adachi, Atsushi Yamaguchi, and Yukihiro Matsubara. "Effect of Cold-Rolling Directions on Recrystallization Texture Evolution of Pure Iron." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093083.

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The influence of cold-rolling directions on the recrystallization texture evolution of pure iron was examined. As-received pure iron sheets were cold-rolled under two different conditions (specimens A and B). Specimen A was cold-rolled in the vertical direction against the cold-rolling direction of the as-received sheet. Specimen B was cold-rolled in the vertical direction against the cold-rolling direction of the as-received sheet, and then in the cold-rolling direction of the as-received sheet. Cold-rolled specimens were heated to each desired temperature before being quenched in water to room temperature (298 ± 2 K). Both cold-rolled specimens showed the development of γ-fiber and {100}<011> orientation. Additionally, γ-fiber formed comparatively more in cold-rolled specimen A, while α-fiber developed comparatively more in cold-rolled specimen B. Strain distribution in cold-rolled specimen A was presumably inhomogeneous, whereas that in cold-rolled specimen B was rather uniform at the macro-scale. The formation of γ-fiber was confirmed in annealed specimen A. In annealed specimen B, however, the recrystallization texture tended to be random, and the formation of α-fiber was observed. Furthermore, the formation of Goss orientation in both annealed specimens was established. Recrystallized ferrite grains with Goss orientation nucleated in high strain regions of cold-rolled specimen. These findings show that by devising the cold-rolling direction, it is possible to discover new types of recrystallization textures.
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47

Cui, Guo Ming, Xing Xia Li, and Jian Min Zeng. "Research on Cold-Rolled Bimetal of High-Tin Aluminum Alloy and Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.395.

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Bimetal of high-tin aluminum alloy and steel was fabricated by cold-rolling process; microstructure, bonding strength and bonding mechanism for bonding interface of the bimetal were investigated under cold-rolling and recrystallization annealing state, respectively. Experimental results indicate that tin phase of bimetal in cold-rolling state shows a belt type distribution, however, it, in recrystallization annealing state, is uniformly distributed just like some “isolated islands”. A well bonding interface, between layers of high–tin aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, can be obtained, and it is difficult to distinguish one layer from the other; but the interface, between layers of low-carbon steel back and pure aluminum, is clear and uneven. And meanwhile, bonding mechanism of bimetal interface, in cold-rolling state, is cold pressure welding and mechanical occluding, But it, in recrystallization annealing state, is cold pressure welding, mechanical occluding, and metallurgic bonding. After recrystallization annealing, at 350°C for 2h,the bonding strength of bimetal approaches to 92.4MPa, which is about 26% higher than that of cold-rolling state.
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48

Yoshinaga, Naoki, Dirk Vanderschueren, Leo Kestens, Kohsaku Ushioda, and Natsuko Sugiura. "Influence of Cold Rolling Reduction and Cross Rolling on Recrystallization Texture Formation in Electro Deposited Pure Iron with a Sharp and Homogeneous <111>//ND Fiber." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.313.

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The cold rolling and annealing texture formation has been investigated in electro deposited pure iron which has an extremely sharp and isotropic <111>//ND fiber. Regardless of cold rolling reduction, {111}<112> intensified texture is formed after cold rolling. Similar texture remains after recrystallization in 65% cold rolled material while {111}<110> type texture forms in 80% and 90% cold rolled ones. The recrystallized grains at the stage of 5% recrystallization have {111}<112> orientation in 65% cold rolled sheet, whereas {111}<110> is observed in 80% cold rolled one. From this aspect, it is considered that the nucleation orientation plays an important role in the recrystallization texture formation. In the meanwhile, the growth of the recrystallized nuclei is also supposed to affect the recrystallization texture formation. The nuclei with {111}<112> orientation in lightly cold rolled sheet are easier to consume the deformed matrix than they do in heavily cold rolled sheets because their frequency to encounter a deformed grain with nearly the same orientation is much smaller in lightly cold rolled specimen, which can result in a large mobility for growth. Cross cold rolling makes cold rolling texture rather homogeneous <111>//ND fiber, which gives rise to an almost homogeneous <111>//ND fiber after annealing.
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49

Sun, Quan, Da Qian Zan, Hong Liang Pan, and Jian Jun Chen. "On the Utilization of Shear Modified GTN Damage Model in Cold Rolling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.47.

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Edge cracking is a commonly observed phenomenon in cold rolling process, but researchers appear to be far from fully understanding its failure mechanism due to the complex stress conditions of steel strip under the rolling condition. In this research, the shear modified GTN damage model coupled with Nahshon-Hutchinson shear damage mechanism was applied to investigate the damage and fracture behavior of steel strip in cold rolling. The results show that the shear modified GTN damage model is competent to predict the damage and fracture behavior of steel strip in cold rolling. By comparison to the cold rolling experiment, it presents that the prediction of edge crack occurrence of the shear modified GTN damage model is more accurate than that of the original GTN damage model.
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50

Jiao, Zhi Jie, Chun Yu He, Jian Ping Li, and Xiang Hua Liu. "Thickness Indirect Measurement Method for Direct Pulling Pilot Cold Rolling Mill." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2670.

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Pilot cold rolling mill is the important tool for the cold rolling process researching and new steel grade development. According to the design of the new type direct pulling pilot cold rolling mill, based on the mass flow constant principle, strip exit thickness indirect measurement method is studied. During rolling, strip entry and exit speed can be calculated accurately according to the measured value of two sides’ clamps movement. Data filtering treatment is adopted and program flow chart is designed. Based on the material entry thickness measured manually, exit thickness of all passes can be measured indirectly. This thickness indirect measurement method has been applied successfully on the new type pilot cold rolling mill, and the measurement results show that this method has a good accuracy.
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