Journal articles: 'Cold flows'

1

Weitzner, H., A. Fruchtman, and P. Amendt. "Cold relativistic helically symmetric steady flows." Physics of Fluids 30, no. 2 (1987): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866351.

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2

Natarajan, Aravind. "Caustics, Cold Flows, and Annual Modulation." Advances in Astronomy 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/285346.

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We discuss the formation of dark matter caustics, and their possible detection by future dark matter experiments. The annual modulation expected in the recoil rate measured by a dark matter detector is discussed. We consider the example of dark matter particles with a Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution modified by a cold stream due to a nearby caustic. It is shown that the effect of the caustic flow is potentially detectable, even when the density enhancement due to the caustic is small. This makes the annual modulation effect an excellent probe of inner caustics. We also show that the phase of the annual modulation at low recoil energies does not constrain the particle mass unless the velocity distribution of particles in the solar neighborhood is known.

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3

Di Matteo, T., N. Khandai, C. DeGraf, Y. Feng, R. A. C. Croft, J. Lopez, and V. Springel. "COLD FLOWS AND THE FIRST QUASARS." Astrophysical Journal 745, no. 2 (January 12, 2012): L29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/745/2/l29.

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4

Claessens, Stijn, Michael P. Dooley, and Andrew Warner. "Portfolio Capital Flows: Hot or Cold?" World Bank Economic Review 9, no. 1 (1995): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/9.1.153.

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5

Aragon-Calvo, M. A., J. Silk, and A. S. Szalay. "Locally cold flows from large-scale structure." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 415, no. 1 (June 7, 2011): L16—L20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01071.x.

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6

Voit, G. Mark, and Megan Donahue. "Problems with Cold Clouds and Cooling Flows." Astrophysical Journal 452 (October 1995): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/176288.

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7

Van Santen, Helmar, Chris R. Kleijn, and Harry E. A. Van Den Akker. "On turbulent flows in cold-wall CVD reactors." Journal of Crystal Growth 212, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(00)00033-6.

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8

Kimm, Taysun, Adrianne Slyz, Julien Devriendt, and Christophe Pichon. "Are cold flows detectable with metal absorption lines?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 413, no. 1 (March 21, 2011): L51—L55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01031.x.

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9

Daines, S. J., A. C. Fabian, and P. A. Thomas. "The properties of cold clouds in cooling flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 268, no. 4 (June 15, 1994): 1060–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/268.4.1060.

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10

Gross, A., and C. Weiland. "Numerical Simulation of Separated Cold Gas Nozzle Flows." Journal of Propulsion and Power 20, no. 3 (May 2004): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.2714.

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11

Дмитриенко, Ирина, and Irina Dmitrienko. "Second-order perturbations in Alfvén waves in cold plasma approximatio." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-52201912.

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The second-order amplitude perturbations driven by Alfvén waves are studied. Equations for such second-order perturbations are derived and their solutions are found. The second-order perturbations are shown to be generated by the magnetic pressure of the waves. They represent plasma flows and magnetic field perturbations in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the field perturbation and plasma displacement in the Alfvén wave. In connection with the interpretation of fast plasma flows observed in the magnetotail, of particular interest is the description of second-order flows, which relates their properties to properties of Alfvén waves and the disturbance that generates them. The results suggest that at least some of the fast plasma flows observed in the magnetotail can be one of the manifestations of propagating Alfvén waves. The environment model and cold plasma approximation in use are quite applicable for the plasma sheet boundary layers, where an essential part of the fast plasma flows occurs.

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12

Zhang, Ying Ming, Herbert Pfeifer, Bernd Friedrich, and Lian Zhou. "Simulation of Flow Field and Particle Trajectory in EB Cold Hearth Melting Process." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.93.

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Electron beam cold hearth melting process is an efficient method to produce the premium quality titanium alloys, especially to eliminate inclusions. A simulation work was carried out to study the process, concerning the flow field and particle trajectory at three different melt rates. The simulation results show that, when there is an overheat zone near the outlet zone, the molten metal flows to the sidewall of the cold hearth, and from the outlet zone to the inlet zone at the top surface which avoids the inclusion particle flows out the cold hearth. At the bottom of the liquid pool, the fluid flows to the outlet directly along the center plan, which forms a short circuit, decreases the residence time of the inclusion particles; there is a critical density range of inclusion particles, which have more probability to flow out of the cold hearth. The inclusion particles, whose density lower than it, will flow to the sidewall. The inclusion particles, whose density higher than it, will sink into the bottom mushy zone. Both cases let the inclusion have higher probability to eliminate the inclusions.

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13

Sant'Ambrogio, F. B., J. W. Anderson, and G. Sant'Ambrogio. "Effect of l-menthol on laryngeal receptors." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.788.

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We have studied the effect of l-menthol on laryngeal receptors. Experiments have been conducted in 11 anesthetized dogs that breathed through a tracheostomy. We have recorded the activity of 23 laryngeal cold receptors and 19 mechanoreceptors. Constant flows of air, 15-50 ml/s (low) and 100-150 ml/s (high), passing for 10 s through the isolated upper airway in the expiratory direction, lowered laryngeal temperature and activated the cold receptors. This cold-induced discharge promptly ceased upon withdrawal of the airflow. Addition of l-menthol to the airflow evoked, for a similar decrease in temperature, a greater peak activation of the cold receptors than airflow alone (low flows 164%, high flows 111%); statistical significance was reached only for the lower flow. This activity outlasted the cessation of airflow by 30-120 s, even at a time when laryngeal temperature had returned to control (low flow 237%, high flow 307% of similar trials with airflow alone). Four laryngeal cold receptors were also tested with l-menthol added to a warm, humidified airflow that did not change laryngeal temperature; all of them were stimulated with a long-lasting discharge. Nine cold receptors were also tested with d-neomenthol and d-isomenthol; both isomers stimulated the receptors. None of the 19 mechano-receptors tested was affected by l-menthol. We conclude that l-menthol constitutes a specific stimulant of laryngeal cold receptors and could provide a useful tool for the study of their reflex effects.

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14

Abricka, M., I. Barmina, R. Valdmanis, and M. Zake. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Swirling Flows and Flame Dynamics." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 51, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2014-0021.

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Abstract The effect of swirling air on the flow dynamics was investigated for the cold non-reacting flows and the flame arising at thermo-chemical conversion of biomass pellets downstream of a cylindrical channel. Under experimental and numerical investigation was the swirling flow dynamics with the primary axial air supply below a biomass layer and swirling air supply above it. The results indicate that for cold flows the swirling air jet outflow from tangential nozzles leads to the formation of a complex flow dynamics which is influenced both by upstream and downstream air swirl propagation near the channel walls, with correlating swirl-enhanced formation of the upstream and downstream axial flows close to the flow centreline depending on the swirling air supply rate. These axial flows can be completely balanced at their stagnation within the axial recirculation zone. It is shown that at equal boundary conditions for the swirling flame and the cold flows the swirling flow dynamics is influenced by the upstream air swirl-enhanced mixing of the reactants below the air swirl nozzles. This determines the formation of a downstream reaction zone with correlating development of the flow velocity, temperature and composition profiles in the downstream flame regions with improved combustion stability. The low swirl intensity in these regions prevents the formation of a recirculation zone

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15

Adán, C., A. Ardévol, X. Remesar, M. Alemany, and J. A. Fernáandez-lópez. "Effect of cold-exposure on rat organ blood flows." Archives Internationales de Physiologie, de Biochimie et de Biophysique 102, no. 1 (January 1994): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813459408996106.

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16

Engwall, E., and A. I. Eriksson. "Double-Probe Measurements in Cold Tenuous Space Plasma Flows." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 34, no. 5 (October 2006): 2071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2006.883375.

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17

Novick, Kimberly A., A. Christopher Oishi, and Chelcy Ford Miniat. "Cold air drainage flows subsidize montane valley ecosystem productivity." Global Change Biology 22, no. 12 (June 1, 2016): 4014–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13320.

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18

Feng, Yu, Tiziana Di Matteo, Rupert Croft, and Nishikanta Khandai. "High-redshift supermassive black holes: accretion through cold flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 440, no. 2 (March 27, 2014): 1865–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu432.

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19

Dekel, A., and Y. Birnboim. "Galaxy bimodality due to cold flows and shock heating." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 368, no. 1 (May 1, 2006): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10145.x.

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20

Alben, S. "Optimal convection cooling flows in general 2D geometries." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 814 (February 8, 2017): 484–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.35.

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We generalize a recent method for computing optimal 2D convection cooling flows in a horizontal layer to a wide range of geometries, including those relevant for technological applications. We write the problem in a conformal pair of coordinates which are the pure conduction temperature and its harmonic conjugate. We find optimal flows for cooling a cylinder in an annular domain, a hot plate embedded in a cold surface, and a channel with a hot interior and cold exterior. With a constraint of fixed kinetic energy, the optimal flows are all essentially the same in the conformal coordinates. In the physical coordinates, they consist of vortices ranging in size from the length of the hot surface to a small cutoff length at the interface of the hot and cold surfaces. With the constraint of fixed enstrophy (or fixed rate of viscous dissipation), a geometry-dependent metric factor appears in the equations. The conformal coordinates are useful here because they map the problems to a rectangular domain, facilitating numerical solutions. With a small enstrophy budget, the optimal flows are dominated by vortices that have the same size as the flow domain.

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21

Chen, Tsing-Chang, Jenq-Dar Tsay, and Jun Matsumoto. "Development and Formation Mechanism of the Southeast Asian Winter Heavy Rainfall Events around the South China Sea. Part II: Multiple Interactions*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 4 (February 11, 2015): 1444–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00171.1.

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Abstract About 44% of the cold-season heavy rainfall/flood (HRF) events around the South China Sea require six days or longer to develop from the formation time of their parent cold surge vortices (CSVs). Formations for both the parent CSV and HRF event are involved with interactions of the concerned vortices with two different cold surge flows. The occurrence frequency of the East Asian cold surge flow varies from 4.5 to 6 days. The longevous CSVs enable their developments to interact with the second cold surge flows between formations of these CSVs and HRF events. Two requirements for the formation of HRF events are 1) synchronized occurrence of the HRF event and the northwestern Pacific explosive cyclone and 2) simultaneous occurrence of the maximum speeds among westerlies of the northwestern Pacific explosive cyclone and easterlies of the tropical trade winds and the HRF event. These requirements cannot be met by the CSV at its second maximum peak intensity, but the CSV at this stage plays an indispensible role for the formation of the HRF event to make its intensity and rainfall amount larger than those HRF events without this relay intensification. The development of an HRF event through multiple interactions of CSVs with sequential cold surge flows may pose difficulties to numerically simulate/predict the occurrence of these HRF events over the cold-season rainfall centers around the South China Sea.

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22

Burns, Paul, and Charles Chemel. "Interactions Between Downslope Flows and a Developing Cold-Air Pool." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 154, no. 1 (August 29, 2014): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9958-7.

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23

Bartholme, P. "Examination of night-time cold air drainage flows (Case-Study)." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 3, no. 3 (July 11, 1994): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/3/1994/104.

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24

Yu Shelekhov, I., N. L. Dorofeeva, E. I. Smirnov, M. I. Shelekhov, and I. A. Dorofeev. "Energy efficient methods of protecting buildings from cold air flows." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 880 (July 10, 2020): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/880/1/012036.

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25

Mahrt, L., Scott Richardson, Nelson Seaman, and David Stauffer. "Non-stationary drainage flows and motions in the cold pool." Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 62, no. 5 (January 2010): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00473.x.

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26

Ferland, G. J., A. C. Fabian, and R. M. Johnstone. "The physical conditions within dense cold clouds in cooling flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 266, no. 2 (January 15, 1994): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/266.2.399.

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27

Padoan, Paolo. "Supersonic turbulent flows and the fragmentation of a cold medium." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 277, no. 2 (November 15, 1995): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/277.2.377.

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28

Kompaneets, R., S. V. Vladimirov, A. V. Ivlev, and G. Morfill. "Reciprocal interparticle attraction in complex plasmas with cold ion flows." New Journal of Physics 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2008): 063018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/6/063018.

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29

Kumar, Anil, Rashmi Dwivedi, and Sanjay Chhalotre. "FEA Analysis of Double Tube Heat Exchanger on Variable Baffle Pitch for Optimizing Thermal Efficiency." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i6.291.

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The main objective of this work is to compare different configurations of helical baffles in the cold fluid side of a double tube heat exchanger. For this analysis double pipe heat exchangers are divided into three different domains such as two fluid domains hot fluid in the inner tube and cold fluid in the outer pipe and a solid domain as helical baffles on inner tube of hot fluid. The hot water flows inside the heat exchanger tube, while the cold fluid flows in the outer side in the direction of counter flow. Mass flow rate cold fluid was varied from 0.1 kg/s to 0.3 kg/s while the flow rate in the inner tube i.e. hot water was kept constant at 0.1 kg/s. the inlet temperature of hot fluid taken as 40oC while Cold fluid inlet temperature taken as 15oC. The fluent software is used to calculate the fluid flow and heat transfer in the computational domains. The governing equations are iteratively solved by the finite volume formulation with the SIMPLE algorithm. Results show that that the maximum temperature drop of 10.9 oC for hot fluid and the maximum temperature rise of 11.9 oC for cold fluid are observed at 0.3 kg/sec mass flow rate for double pipe heat exchanger with double helical baffles. It has been also observed that the heat transfer coefficient increasing with the increasing in the mass flow rate of cold fluid. The overall heat transfer coefficients differ significantly by 20.4 % at same mass flow rate, because the considerable difference between heat transfer surface area on the inner and outer side of the tube resulting in a prominent thermal enhancement of the cold fluid.

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30

Zhu, Yajuan, Renaud Delannay, and Alexandre Valance. "Effect of dissipation in rapid-gravitational granular flows." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124903046.

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We investigate numerically high speed granular flows down an incline and focus our attention on the influence of the restitution coefficient e of binary collisions on the nature of the flow regimes. We show in particular that e plays a major role in rapid flows. Decreasing e leads in general to denser flows but also quicker flows. The increase of the mean flow velocity with decreasing e is explained as the result of the clustering instability which produces a dense and cold core moving very fast as a plug.

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31

Modi, Vijay, and K. E. Torrance. "Experimental and Numerical Studies of Cold Inflow at the Exit of Buoyant Channel Flows." Journal of Heat Transfer 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3248093.

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Experimental and numerical studies of the separation of a smooth attached buoyant flow from the inner wall of a duct, as the duct discharges into a quiescent environment, are reported. The associated penetration of neutrally buoyant ambient fluid into the duct is called cold inflow. The experimental study was carried out for air flows over ranges of Reynolds and Froude numbers, based on duct radius, of Re = 2400 to 3300 and Fr = 0.68 to 2.69. The experiments provide information on the onset and extent of cold inflow in a turbulent flow regime. Spatial profiles of fluctuating temperature reveal a wedge-shaped cold inflow region at the wall near the exit when Fr is decreased below a critical value. The numerical study examines the influence of Re and Fr on the structure of the cold inflow phenomenon at moderate Reynolds numbers (Re = 200 to 500 and Fr = 1 to 5). Steady-state, two-dimensional, laminar flow solutions reveal a region of downward-flowing cold air near the wall of the duct which leads to premature separation of the wall boundary layer. The separated boundary layer merges into the buoyant jet above the duct exit.

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32

KAGHASHVILI, EDISHER KH. "Alfvén waves in shear flows: Driven wave formalism." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 5 (May 16, 2013): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377813000500.

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AbstractThe driven wave formalism, as it was later applied to the solar coronal plasma processes, was first developed in our earlier work (Kaghashvili, E. Kh. 2007 Alfvén wave-driven compressional fluctuations in shear flows. Phys. Plasmas14, 44502) that presented the analytical solutions for the plasma density fluctuations. In the driven-wave formalism, we look for the short-term changes in the initial waveform due to the linear interaction of the initial natural mode of the system and the flow inhomogeneity. This formalism allows us to obtain the analytical solutions for the driven waves that are excited in the system. While a full set of driven wave solutions for magnetohydrodynamic variables in the cold plasma case were presented earlier (Kaghashvili, E. 2012c Driven wave-generated electric field in the solar corona. J. Geophys. Res. 117, A10103, doi:10.1029/2012JA018120), the purpose of this paper is to remove the cold-plasma restriction and to present the formal solutions for the initial linearly polarized Alfvén wave-driven fluctuations.

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33

Volkamer, Klaus, and Christoph Streicher. "Bipolar Flows During Early and Late Phases of Star Evolution." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 157 (1993): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090017408x.

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34

Prieto, L., R. Garcia, J. Diaz, E. Hernandez, and T. del Teso. "NAO influence on extreme winter temperatures in Madrid (Spain)." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 12 (December 31, 2002): 2077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-2077-2002.

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Abstract. Extremely cold days (ECDs), with minimum temperatures lower than -4.6°C, have been analysed for Madrid. This threshold corresponds to the 5th percentile of the period 1963–1999. Adopting a case analysis approach, five synoptic patterns have been identified that produce these extremely low temperatures. Three of them are associated with cold air flows over the Iberian Peninsula, and the other two with a lack of significant circulation over the region. A nonlinear association with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been identified using log-linear models. The NAO positive phase leads to an increase in the winter frequency of those synoptic patterns associated with stagnant air flow over Iberia, while those characterised by cold, northern flows do not appear to be similarly influenced.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology; synoptic-scale meteorology; general or miscellaneous)

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35

Merriman, Samuel, Elke Ploenjes, Peter Palm, and Igor V. Adamovich. "Shock Wave Control by Nonequilibrium Plasmas in Cold Supersonic Gas Flows." AIAA Journal 39, no. 8 (August 2001): 1547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.1479.

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36

Friaca, A. C. S., and L. C. Jafelice. "The effects of magnetic fields in cold clouds in cooling flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 302, no. 3 (January 21, 1999): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02181.x.

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37

Naor, Yossi, Uri Keshet, Qian H. S. Wang, and Ido Reiss. "Deprojecting galaxy-cluster cold fronts: evidence for bulk, magnetized spiral flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 4392–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1251.

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ABSTRACT Tangential discontinuities known as cold fronts (CFs) are abundant in groups and clusters of galaxies (GCs). The relaxed, spiral-type CFs were initially thought to be isobaric, but a significant, $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$–$20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ jump in the thermal pressure Pt was reported when deprojected CFs were stacked, interpreted as missing Pt below the CFs (i.e. at smaller radii r) due to a locally enhanced non-thermal pressure Pnt. We report a significant (∼4.3σ) deprojected jump in Pt across a single sharp CF in the Centaurus cluster. Additional seven CFs are deprojected in the GCs A2029, A2142, A2204, and Centaurus, all found to be consistent (stacked: ∼1.9σ) with similar pressure jumps. Combining our sample with high quality deprojected CFs from the literature indicates pressure jumps at significance levels ranging between 2.7σ and 5.0σ, depending on assumptions. Our nominal results are consistent with Pnt ≃ (0.1–0.3)Pt just below the CF. We test different deprojection and analysis methods to confirm that our results are robust, and show that without careful deprojection, an opposite pressure trend may incorrectly be inferred. Analysing all available deprojected data, we also find: (i) small variations around the mean density and temperature CF contrast q within each GC, monotonically increasing with the GC mass M200 as $q\propto M_{200}^{0.23\pm 0.04}$; (ii) hydrostatic mass discontinuities indicating fast bulk tangential flows below all deprojected CFs, with a mean Mach number ∼0.76; and (iii) the newly deprojected CFs are consistent (stacked: ∼2.9σ) with a $1.25^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$ metallicity drop across the CF. These findings suggest that GCs quite generally harbour extended spiral flows.

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38

Ferretti, G., A. Veicsteinas, and D. W. Rennie. "Conductive and convective heat flows of exercising humans in cold water." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 2473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.6.2473.

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The apparent conductance (Kss, in W.m-2.degrees C-1) of a given region of superficial shell (on the thigh, fat + skin) was determined on four nonsweating and nonshivering subjects, resting and exercising (200 W) in water [water temperature (Tw) 22-23 degrees C] Kss = Hss/(Tsf-Tsk) where Hss is the skin-to-water heat flow directly measured by heat flow transducers and Tsf and Tsk are the temperatures of the subcutaneous fat at a known depth below the skin surface and of the skin surface, respectively. The convective heat flow (qc) through the superficial shell was then estimated as qc = (Tsf - Tsk).(Kss - Kss,min), assuming that at rest Kss was minimal (Kss,min) and resting qc = 0. The duration of immersion was set to allow rectal temperature (Tre) to reach approximately 37 degrees C at the end of rest and approximately 38 degrees C at the end of exercise. Except at the highest Tw used, Kss at the start of exercise was always Kss,min and averaged 51 W.m-2.degrees C-1 (range 33-57 W.m-2.degrees C-1) across subjects, and qc was zero. At the end of exercise at the highest Tw used for each subject, Kss averaged 97 W.m-2.degrees C-1 (range 77-108 W.m-2.degrees C-1) and qc averaged 53% (range 48-61%) of Hss (mean Hss = 233 W.m-2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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39

Brooks, A. M., F. Governato, T. Quinn, C. B. Brook, and J. Wadsley. "THE ROLE OF COLD FLOWS IN THE ASSEMBLY OF GALAXY DISKS." Astrophysical Journal 694, no. 1 (March 17, 2009): 396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/1/396.

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40

Menon, Suresh, and Wen-Huei Jou. "Numerical simulations of oscillatory cold flows in an axisymmetric ramjet combustor." Journal of Propulsion and Power 6, no. 5 (September 1990): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23252.

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41

Merriman, Samuel, Elke Ploenjes, Peter Palm, and Igor V. Adamovich. "Shock wave control by nonequilibrium plasmas in cold supersonic gas flows." AIAA Journal 39 (January 2001): 1547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.14899.

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42

Fabian, A. C., R. M. Johnstone, and S. J. Daines. "The effects of dust in cold clouds embedded in cooling flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 271, no. 3 (December 1994): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/271.3.737.

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43

Huang, Wei, and Chunyan Li. "Cold Front Driven Flows Through Multiple Inlets of Lake Pontchartrain Estuary." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122, no. 11 (November 2017): 8627–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jc012977.

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44

Grabelsky, D. A., and M. P. Ulmer. "Search for cold gas in clusters with and without cooling flows." Astrophysical Journal 355 (June 1990): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/168773.

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45

Ferland, G. J., A. C. Fabian, and R. M. Johnstone. "The physical conditions within dense cold clouds in cooling flows - II." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 333, no. 4 (July 2002): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05470.x.

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El-Henawy, Ibrahim, Benjamin Gebhart, and Nicholas D. Kazarinoff. "Multiple steady-state solutions for horizontal buoyant flows in cold water." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 29, no. 11 (November 1986): 1655–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(86)90107-9.

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Krasnopolsky, Ruben, Zhi‐Yun Li, and Roger Blandford. "Magnetocentrifugal Launching of Jets from Accretion Disks. I. Cold Axisymmetric Flows." Astrophysical Journal 526, no. 2 (December 1999): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/308023.

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CHOU, CHENG-TUNG, RU-GUN LIU, JEN-KUN TSAI, and ANTHONY S. T. CHIANG. "CONFINED COAXIAL JET FLOWS INTO A COLD MODEL OF CVD CHAMBER." Chemical Engineering Communications 135, no. 1 (May 15, 1995): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449508936348.

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Delavar, Mojtaba Aghajani. "Investigation of Porous Block Porosity on Flow and Entropy Generation inside a T-Micromixer Using Lattice Boltzmann Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.282.

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Abstract:

In this study a two dimensional thermal Lattice Boltzmann model with nine velocities was used to study the flow pattern and thermal field inside a T-micromixer with a porous block. The effects of porosity of porous block and flow Reynolds number were investigated. The results showed that better mixing between hot and cold flows and more heat transfer to horizontal walls in contact with porous block in lower porosities; due to the fact that in lower porosities the effective thermal conductivity of porous block increases. In lower porosities due to higher mixing rates and thermal gradient the entropy generation will increase. According to results it was observed that model with lowest porosity has the maximum mixing rate between two entering hot and cold flows and maximum dimensionless entropy generation.

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Neiman, Paul J., F. Martin Ralph, Allen B. White, David D. Parrish, John S. Holloway, and Diana L. Bartels. "A Multiwinter Analysis of Channeled Flow through a Prominent Gap along the Northern California Coast during CALJET and PACJET." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1815–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3148.1.

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Abstract Experimental observations from coastal and island wind profilers, aircraft, and other sensors deployed during the California Land-falling Jets Experiment of 1997/98 and the Pacific Land-falling Jets Experiment of 2000/01–2003/04 were combined with observations from operational networks to document the regular occurrence and characteristic structure of shallow (∼400–500 m deep), cold airstreams flowing westward through California’s Petaluma Gap from the Central Valley to the coast during the winter months. The Petaluma Gap, which is the only major air shed outlet from the Central Valley, is ∼35–50 km wide and has walls extending, at most, a modest 600–900 m above the valley floor. Based on this geometry, together with winter meteorological conditions typical of the region (e.g., cold air pooled in the Central Valley and approaching extratropical cyclones), this gap is predisposed to generating westward-directed ageostrophic flows driven by along-gap pressure differences. Two case studies and a five-winter composite analysis of 62 gap-flow cases are presented here to show that flows through the Petaluma Gap significantly impact local distributions of wind, temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric pollutants. These gap flows preferentially occur in pre-cold-frontal conditions, largely because sea level pressure decreases westward along the gap in a stably stratified atmosphere in advance of approaching cold-frontal pressure troughs. Airstreams exiting the Petaluma Gap are only several hundred meters deep and characterized by relatively cold, easterly flow capped by a layer of enhanced static stability and directional vertical wind shear. Airborne air-chemistry observations collected offshore by the NOAA P-3 aircraft illustrate the fact that gap-flow events can transport pollutants from inland to the coast, and that they can contribute to coastally blocked airstreams. The strongest gap-flow cases occur when comparatively deep midtropospheric troughs approach the coast, while the weak cases are tied to anticyclonic conditions aloft. Low-level cold-frontal pressure troughs approaching the coast are stronger and possess a greater along-gap pressure gradient for the strong gap-flow cases. These synoptic characteristics are dynamically consistent with coastal wind profiler observations of stronger low-level gap flow and winds aloft, and greater rainfall, during the strong gap-flow events. However, gap flow, on average, inhibits rainfall at the coast.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cold flows'

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