Journal articles on the topic 'Cold and humid continental climate'
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1
Vivian, Jacopo, Philipp Heer, and Massimo Fiorentini. "Effect of climate on the optimal sizing and operation of seasonal ice storage systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 8 (November 1, 2023): 082021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/8/082021.
Abstract:
Abstract Seasonal thermal storage systems can reduce the temporal mismatch between renewable energy availability and energy demand. Ice storage systems exhibit a non-linear behaviour in the heat exchange and storage processes, complicating the formulation of optimal design and operation problems. In this work, we propose a mixed-integer quadratically-constrained programming formulation, which minimizes the Levelized Cost of Energy for space heating and cooling, including sizing of a supporting PV array. The optimization was repeated for different storage volumes, finding the system optimal operation in each case –and thereby the optimal system sizing. The heating and cooling demands were computed from an archetypal office building, placed in three reference locations with cold and semi-arid, warm and humid continental, and temperate and humid continental climates. Results show that the optimal PV size decreases with growing ice storage volume, and an ice storage works best in a temperate continental climate, covering up to 47% of the cooling demand with a 250 m 3 storage.
2
Buric, Dragan, Milan Milenkovic, and Vladan Ducic. "The specificities of the climate of Danilovgrad (Montenegro)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 99, no. 1 (2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1901019b.
Abstract:
Danilovgrad and the Bjelopavlica Plain belong to the submediterranean zone of the Mediterranean climate region. The aim of this paper was to determine some specific characteristics of the Danilovgrad climate, such as the degree of continentality, aridity and bioclimatic characteristics. Data used in the research cover the period 1955-2011. The results of the study showed the dominance of the continental effect on temperature, while oceanicity was less pronounced. In hygric terms, during most of the year the climate of Danilovgrad is characterized as low humid to perhumid. Moreover, in the period October-March it is very humid, which points to the domination of oceanic influences. During the three summer months, it is dry to very dry. Based on the average monthly values of the equivalent temperature - an indicator of physiological (subjective) feeling of heat, the winter months in Danilovgrad are not assessed as very cold. It is cold in January, and in February and December it is cool. It is fresh in March and November, comfortable in April and October, and warm in May and September. In Danilovgrad, in summer it is overheated and a little muggy. All considered indicators point to quite pronounced oscillations during the year, especially in terms of humidity. Comparing the obtained results with Podgorica, it can be concluded that the climate of Danilovgrad is more continental, a bit colder and wetter.
3
Khan, Saifullah, and Mahmood Ul Hasan. "Climate Classification of Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss2.2019.264.
Abstract:
The research covenants amid the evaluation and analysis of the weather data in regards to mean monthlytemperature, precipitation, rainy days, relative humidity, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, evaporation, solarradiation and with the literature cited. The components getting fluctuation in the atmospheric condition comprise ofglobal location, vicinity to ocean, geomorphic reliefs and continental extent, maritime affects, forests and landuse.Based on the daily and monthly temperature, the study area has divided into five localities consisting of hot, warm,mild, cool, and cold. Besides, the five precipitation zones namely arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid andundifferentiated highlands have been distinguished during course of work. Generally, eastern longitudes of the countryget substantial downpours amid summers (monsoon season). Though the western areas in winters excluding GilgitBaltistan, where it is from local thunderstorms. Pakistan encounters four precipitation seasons namely winter, premonsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon rainfall. Because of sub-tropical vicinity, the country has experienced twofundamental seasons explicitly winter and summer. Generally, the summer period goes on for five months in mountainsand seven months in plains, whilst the winter period differs for seven months in mountains and five months in plains.The stated two essential rainy periods are auxiliary sub-isolated into four sub-spells to be precisely hot, warm, monsoonand cold season. Based on appropriation and fluctuation of climate variables, Pakistan is classified in five macro areasthat auxiliary sub-curved up into 18 meso and 46 micro scale climate regions.
4
Khan, Saifullah, and Mahmood Ul Hasan. "Climate Classification of Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i2.264.
Abstract:
The research covenants amid the evaluation and analysis of the weather data in regards to mean monthlytemperature, precipitation, rainy days, relative humidity, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, evaporation, solarradiation and with the literature cited. The components getting fluctuation in the atmospheric condition comprise ofglobal location, vicinity to ocean, geomorphic reliefs and continental extent, maritime affects, forests and landuse.Based on the daily and monthly temperature, the study area has divided into five localities consisting of hot, warm,mild, cool, and cold. Besides, the five precipitation zones namely arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid andundifferentiated highlands have been distinguished during course of work. Generally, eastern longitudes of the countryget substantial downpours amid summers (monsoon season). Though the western areas in winters excluding GilgitBaltistan, where it is from local thunderstorms. Pakistan encounters four precipitation seasons namely winter, premonsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon rainfall. Because of sub-tropical vicinity, the country has experienced twofundamental seasons explicitly winter and summer. Generally, the summer period goes on for five months in mountainsand seven months in plains, whilst the winter period differs for seven months in mountains and five months in plains.The stated two essential rainy periods are auxiliary sub-isolated into four sub-spells to be precisely hot, warm, monsoonand cold season. Based on appropriation and fluctuation of climate variables, Pakistan is classified in five macro areasthat auxiliary sub-curved up into 18 meso and 46 micro scale climate regions.
5
Ananko, T. V., D. E. Konyushkov, and M. I. Gerasimova. "Palevye soils with a bleached horizon developing from carbonate-free rocks in the classification System of Russian Soils." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 87 (March 1, 2017): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2017-87-22-38.
Abstract:
The position of palevye soils with differentiated profiles and with podzolized horizons developing from carbonate-free rocks under conditions of the cold extremely continental semihumid climate in the permafrost zone of Central Siberia in the New Russian Classification system is analyzed. The profile of these soils consists of the raw-humus horizon, bleached podzolic or eluvial horizon, and iron-illuvial or clay-illuvial horizon with some features typical of the metamorphic pale soils. According to the character of their middle-profile horizons, they can be attributed to the orders of Al-Fe-humus soils (sandy and loamy sandy varieties) and texture-differentiated soils (loamy sandy and clay loamy varieties). According to the character of their organic profiles, they can be separated as raw-humus subtypes among podzols and podzolic soils, respectively. Their specific regional characteristics - a tendency for the formation of a cryohumus horizon, clay illuviation, iron illuviation, and specific pale metamorphism of the mineral mass (pale metamorphized) (clay-illuvial subtype) - are also reflected at the subtype level. These characteristics can be present in different combinations reflected in the corresponding names of complex subtypes. In the geographical space, these soils form a transition from typical pale soils of the cold ultracontinental semiarid climate to the soils of cold moderately continental humid climate.
6
Burjachs, Francesc, and Ramon Julià. "Abrupt Climatic Changes during the Last Glaciation Based on Pollen Analysis of the Abric Romani, Catalonia, Spain." Quaternary Research 42, no. 3 (November 1994): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1081.
Abstract:
AbstractThe Abric Romani continental pollen record provides evidence of abrupt climate variations during the last glaciation. The pollen record reveals a pattern of high-frequency variations similar to that in ice cores as shown by oxygen isotopes or dust content. Analyses of 14 travertine samples yield coherent U-series ages in correct stratigraphic order, ranging from 40,000 to 70,000 yr. According to changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation, five paleoclimatic phases have been differentiated; the oldest, ranging from 70,200 to 65,500 yr ago, records thermophilous taxa which correspond to the last warm events of isotopic stage 5. The next phase, from 65,500 to 56,800 yr, records a cold, humid climate that correlates with isotope stage 4. During the third phase, from 56,800 to 49,500 yr, relatively warm and cold events alternate. The fourth phase, from 49,500 to 46,200 yr, records a cold, dry climate. The fifth phase, ranging from 46,200 to 40,800 yr, records a milder phase that is similar in appearance to the beginning of the Holocene.
7
Lamy, Frank, Dierk Hebbeln, and Gerold Wefer. "High-Resolution Marine Record of Climatic Change in Mid-latitude Chile during the Last 28,000 Years Based on Terrigenous Sediment Parameters." Quaternary Research 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.2010.
Abstract:
AbstractMarine sediment cores from the continental slope off mid-latitude Chile (33°S) were studied with regard to grain-size distributions and clay mineral composition. The data provide a 28,000-yr14C accelerator mass spectrometry-dated record of variations in the terrigenous sediment supply reflecting modifications of weathering conditions and sediment source areas in the continental hinterland. These variations can be interpreted in terms of the paleoclimatic evolution of mid-latitude Chile and are compared to existing terrestrial records. Glacial climates (28,000–18,000 cal yr B.P.) were generally cold–humid with a cold–semiarid interval between 26,000 and 22,000 cal yr B.P. The deglaciation was characterized by a trend toward more arid conditions. During the middle Holocene (8000–4000 cal yr B.P.), comparatively stable climatic conditions prevailed with increased aridity in the Coastal Range. The late Holocene (4000–0 cal yr B.P.) was marked by more variable paleoclimates with generally more humid conditions. Variations of rainfall in mid-latitude Chile are most likely controlled by shifts of the latitudinal position of the Southern Westerlies. Compared to the Holocene, the southern westerly wind belt was located significantly farther north during the last glacial maximum. Less important variations of the latitudinal position of the Southern Westerlies also occurred on shorter time scales.
8
Zhang, Ningning, Pengyu Cao, Lijing Zhao, Lin Wang, Wangshu Shao, and Rongyu Li. "Effect of temperature fluctuations in cold seasons on acute myocardial infarction hospitalisations in northeast China: a retrospective observational cohort study." BMJ Open 13, no. 11 (November 2023): e073528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073528.
Abstract:
ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the potential influence of ambient temperature on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignA retrospective observational cohort study.SettingChangchun, a northeastern city in China, has a temperate continental humid climate.Participants1933 AMI patients admitted to the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Jilin University were included in the study from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.Outcome measureWe explored the effect of daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as temperature changes on two adjacent days, on the incidence of daily AMI from 1 to 5 days later in Changchun.ResultsWe found that the average daily number of AMI cases was higher from October to April in cold season compared with the period between May and September in warm season. When the daily maximum temperature is ≤−6°C on the −2nd day, the incidence of AMI>3 persons more than doubled (from 8.51% and 10.88% to 20.23%) in the next 2 days (p=0.027); and more than 65% of the days had a maximum temperature fluctuation on |(−2nd day) − (−3rd day)| ≥2°C in these days, the OR of the daily incidence of AMI>3 persons is 3.107 (p=0.018); and in these days with enhanced temperature fluctuations, the proportion of AMI patients with hypertension had increased significantly from 20.83% to 45.39% (p=0.023).ConclusionAmbient temperature as environmental factor has a seasonal effect on the incidence of AMI in temperate continental humid climate regions, with a 2–3 days lag. Furthermore, the key factor contributing to the increase in the daily incidence of AMI during the cold season is temperature fluctuations, and maintaining a constant temperature may aid in preventing the occurrence of AMI.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300068294.
9
Zibzeev, E. G. "High-mountain vegetation of the southern macro-slope of Academician Obruchev Range (East Tuva Plateau)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 12 (2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2008.12.3.
Abstract:
The Academician Obruchev Range is situated between Central Asian and the South Siberian high mountains. Residual influence of western moist air masses, constant influence of southern anticyclone in summer and northern one in winter form the semi-humid climate type of this region. The altitudinal belt vegetation structure of the western and central part of the southern macroslope of the Academician Obruchev Range belong to the East-Tuva semi-humid continental type. The upper limit of forests lies at the altitude about 1800 meters above s. l. The high-mountain belt is subdivided into two flora-coenotic complexes: the lower one (1800—2000 meters above s. l.) with domination of moss–Betula rotundifolia shrub tundras and light forests, and the higher one (2000—2200 meters above s. l.) with lichen, dryad, crowberry and grass tundras prevalence. The plant communities belong to 19 associations, 9 formations, 8 florocoenotypes and 3 ecological-historical series. The cryohemixerophilous ecological-historical community series of mountain genesis, that were formed in moderately dry and cold environments, occupy the leading positions in high-mountain vegetation structure. The most widely spread communities of cryo-mesophilous ecological-historical series are light Pinus sibirica forests.
10
Riechelmann, S., D. Buhl, A. Schröder-Ritzrau, D. F. C. Riechelmann, D. K. Richter, H. B. Vonhof, J. A. Wassenburg, A. Geske, C. Spötl, and A. Immenhauser. "The magnesium isotope record of cave carbonate archives." Climate of the Past 8, no. 6 (November 20, 2012): 1849–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1849-2012.
Abstract:
Abstract. Here we explore the potential of magnesium (δ26Mg) isotope time-series data as continental climate proxies in speleothem calcite archives. For this purpose, a total of six Pleistocene and Holocene stalagmites from caves in Germany, Morocco and Peru and two flowstones from a cave in Austria were investigated. These caves represent the semi-arid to arid (Morocco), the warm-temperate (Germany), the equatorial-humid (Peru) and the cold-humid (Austria) climate zones. Changes in the calcite magnesium isotope signature with time are compared against carbon and oxygen isotope records from these speleothems. Similar to other proxies, the non-trivial interaction of a number of environmental, equilibrium and disequilibrium processes governs the δ26Mg fractionation in continental settings. These include the different sources of magnesium isotopes such as rainwater or snow as well as soil and host rock, soil zone biogenic activity, shifts in silicate versus carbonate weathering ratios and residence time of water in the soil and karst zone. Pleistocene stalagmites from Morocco show the lowest mean δ26Mg values (GDA: −4.26 ± 0.07‰ and HK3: −4.17 ± 0.15‰), and the data are well explained in terms of changes in aridity over time. The Pleistocene to Holocene stalagmites from Peru show the highest mean value of all stalagmites (NC-A and NC-B δ26Mg: −3.96 ± 0.04‰) but only minor variations in Mg-isotope composition, which is consistent with the rather stable equatorial climate at this site. Holocene stalagmites from Germany (AH-1 mean δ26Mg: −4.01 ± 0.07‰; BU 4 mean δ26Mg: −4.20 ± 0.10‰) suggest changes in outside air temperature was the principal driver rather than rainfall amount. The alpine Pleistocene flowstones from Austria (SPA 52: −3.00 ± 0.73‰; SPA 59: −3.70 ± 0.43‰) are affected by glacial versus interglacial climate change with outside air temperature affecting soil zone activity and weathering balance. Several δ26Mg values of the Austrian and two δ26Mg values of the German speleothems are shifted to higher values due to sampling in detrital layers (Mg-bearing clay minerals) of the speleothems. The data and their interpretation shown here highlight the potential but also the limitations of the magnesium isotope proxy applied in continental climate research. An obvious potential lies in its sensitivity for even subtle changes in soil-zone parameters, a hitherto rather poorly understood but extremely important component in cave archive research. Limitations are most obvious in the low resolution and high sample amount needed for analysis. Future research should focus on experimental and conceptual aspects including quantitative and well-calibrated leaching and precipitation experiments.
11
Riechelmann, S., D. Buhl, A. Schröder-Ritzrau, D. F. C. Riechelmann, D. K. Richter, H. B. Vonhof, J. A. Wassenburg, A. Geske, C. Spötl, and A. Immenhauser. "The magnesium isotope record of cave carbonate archives." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 22, 2012): 1835–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-1835-2012.
Abstract:
Abstract. Here we explore the potential of time-series magnesium (δ26Mg) isotope data as continental climate proxies in speleothem calcite archives. For this purpose, a total of six Pleistocene and Holocene stalagmites from caves in Germany, Morocco and Peru and two flowstones from a cave in Austria were investigated. These caves represent the semi-arid to arid (Morocco), the warm-temperate (Germany), the equatorial-humid (Peru) and the cold-humid (Austria) climate zones. Changes in the calcite magnesium isotope signature with time are placed against carbon and oxygen isotope records from these speleothems. Similar to other proxies, the non-trivial interaction of a number of environmental, equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes governs the δ26Mg fractionation in continental settings. These include the different sources of magnesium isotopes such as rain water or snow as well as soil and hostrock, soil zone biogenic activity, shifts in silicate versus carbonate weathering ratios and residence time of water in the soil and karst zone. Pleistocene stalagmites from Morocco show the lowest mean δ26Mg values (GDA: −4.26 ± 0.07 ‰ and HK3: −4.17 ± 0.15 ‰) and the data are well explained in terms of changes in aridity over time. The Pleistocene to Holocene stalagmites from Peru show the highest mean value (NC-A and NC-B δ26Mg: −3.96 ± 0.04 ‰) but only minor variations in Mg-isotope composition, which is in concert with the rather stable equatorial climate at this site. Holocene stalagmites from Germany (AH-1 mean δ26Mg: −4.01 ± 0.07 ‰; BU 4 mean δ26Mg: −4.20 ± 0.10 ‰) record changes in outside air temperature as driving factor rather than rainfall amount. The alpine Pleistocene flowstones from Austria (SPA 52: −3.00 ± 0.73 ‰; SPA 59: −3.70 ± 0.43 ‰) are affected by glacial versus interglacial climate change with outside air temperature affecting soil zone activity and weathering balance. Several data points in the Austrian and two data points in the German speleothems are shifted to higher values due to sampling in detrital layers (Mg-bearing clay minerals) of the speleothems. The data and their interpretation shown here highlight the potential but also the limitations of the magnesium isotope proxy applied in continental climate research. An obvious potential lies in its sensitivity for even subtle changes in soil-zone parameters, a hitherto rather poorly understood but extremely important component in cave archive research. Limitations are most obvious in the low resolution and high sample amount needed for analysis. Future research should focus on experimental and conceptual aspects including quantitative and well calibrated leaching and precipitation experiments.
12
Bassetti, Maria-Angela, Serge Berné, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Bernard Dennielou, Yoann Alonso, Roselyne Buscail, Bassem Jalali, Bertil Hebert, and Christophe Menniti. "Holocene hydrological changes in the Rhône River (NW Mediterranean) as recorded in the marine mud belt." Climate of the Past 12, no. 7 (July 15, 2016): 1539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1539-2016.
Abstract:
Abstract. Expanded marine Holocene archives are relatively scarce in the Mediterranean Sea because most of the sediments were trapped in catchment areas during this period. Mud belts are the most suitable targets to access expanded Holocene records. These sedimentary bodies represent excellent archives for the study of sea–land interactions and notably the impact of the hydrological activity on sediment accumulation. We retrieved a 7.2 m long sediment core from the Rhône mud belt in the Gulf of Lions in an area where the average accumulation rate is ca. 0.70 m 1000 yr−1. This core thus provides a continuous and high-resolution record of the last 10 ka cal BP. A multiproxy dataset (XRF core scan, 14C dates, grain size and organic-matter analysis) combined with seismic stratigraphic analysis was used to document decadal to centennial changes in the Rhône hydrological activity. Our results show that (1) the early Holocene was characterized by high sediment delivery likely indicative of local intense (but short-duration) rainfall events, (2) important sediment delivery around 7 ka cal BP presumably related to increased river flux, (3) a progressive increase in continental/marine input during the mid-Holocene despite increased distance from river outlets due to sea-level rise possibly related to higher atmospheric humidity caused by the southward migration of the storm tracks in the North Atlantic, (4) multidecadal to centennial humid events took place in the late Holocene. Some of these events correspond to the cold periods identified in the North Atlantic (Little Ice Age, LIA; Dark Ages Cold Period) and also coincide with time intervals of major floods in the northern Alps. Other humid events are also observed during relatively warm periods (Roman Humid Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly).
13
Gagiu, Valeria, Elena Mateescu, Alina Alexandra Dobre, Irina Smeu, Mirela Elena Cucu, Oana Alexandra Oprea, Daniel Alexandru, Enuța Iorga, and Nastasia Belc. "Deoxynivalenol Occurrence in Triticale Crops in Romania during the 2012–2014 Period with Extreme Weather Events." Toxins 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070456.
Abstract:
This article aims to evaluate deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale crops in Romania in years with extreme weather events (2012: Siberian anticyclone with cold waves and heavy snowfall; 2013 and 2014: “Vb” cyclones with heavy precipitation and floods in spring). The deoxynivalenol level in triticale samples (N = 236) was quantified by ELISA. In Romania, the extreme weather events favoured deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale in Transylvania and the southern hilly area (44–47° N, 22–25° E) with a humid/balanced-humid temperate continental climate, luvisols and high/very high risk of floods. Maximum deoxynivalenol contamination was lower in the other regions, although heavy precipitation in May–July 2014 was higher, with chernozems having higher aridity. Multivariate analysis of the factors influencing deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale showed at least a significant correlation for all components of variation source (agricultural year, agricultural region, average of deoxynivalenol, average air temperature, cumulative precipitation, soil moisture reserve, aridity indices) (p-value < 0.05). The spatial and geographic distribution of deoxynivalenol in cereals in the countries affected by the 2012–2014 extreme weather events revealed a higher contamination in Central Europe compared to southeastern and eastern Europe. Deoxynivalenol occurrence in cereals was favoured by local and regional agroclimatic factors and was amplified by extreme weather events.
14
Finné, Salonen, Frank, Helmens, Schröder-Ritzrau, Deininger, and Holzkämper. "Last Interglacial Climate in Northern Sweden—Insights from a Speleothem Record." Quaternary 2, no. 3 (August 20, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2030029.
Abstract:
Continental records with absolute dates of the timing and progression of climatic conditions during the Last Interglacial (LIG) from northern Europe are rare. Speleothems from northern Europe have a large potential as archives for LIG environmental conditions since they were formed in sheltered environments and may be preserved beneath ice sheets. Here, we present δ13C and δ18O values from speleothem Kf-21, from Korallgrottan in Jämtland (northwest Sweden). Kf-21 is dated with five MC-ICPMS U-Th dates with errors smaller than ~1 ka. Kf-21 started forming at ~130.2 ka and the main growth phase with relatively constant growth rates lasted from 127.3 ka to 124.4 ka, after which calcite formation ceased. Both δ13C and δ18O show rapid shifts but also trends, with a range of values within their Holocene counterparts from Korallgrottan. Our results indicate an early onset of the LIG in northern Europe with ice-free conditions at ~130 ka. Higher growth rates combined with more negative δ18O values between ~127.3 and 126.8 ka, interpreted here as warmer and more humid conditions, as well as indications of a millennial-scale cold spell centered at 126.2 ka, resemble findings from speleothem records from other parts of Europe, highlighting that these were regional scale climatic patterns.
15
A. Brako, Blestmond, Gordon Foli, Etornam B. Fiadonu, Chiri Amedjoe, Derrick Aikins, and Simon K. Y. Gawu. "PROVENANCE AND TECTONIC SETTING OF SOME PALEOPROTEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN THE CHAGUPANA AND TARKWA AREAS OF GHANA: PETROGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS." Earth Science Malaysia 4, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.01.2020.01.07.
Abstract:
Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks associated with the Man Shield of West Africa are perceived to be similar, irrespective of their locality. This research seeks to establish the provenance and tectonic setting of these rocks to ascertain any such similarity perception, based on information from two localities. The study uses modal mineral estimations to reconstruct the source, paleocurrent, paleoclimate and relief of some conglomerates and sandstones from Chagupana and Tarkwa areas in Ghana. Chagupana conglomerate has igneous and metamorphic provenances, while Kawere conglomerate has metamorphic provenance. Average mineralogical composition of Chagupana sandstone is Q53-F45-R3 and classify as arkose. Tarkwa suites of Huni, Kawere and Banket sandstones are composed of Q48-F34-R18, Q51-F25-R23 and Q76-F7-R17, and classify as lithic arkose, lithic arkose-feldspathic litharenite, and sublitharenite, respectively. Detritus of all the sandstones suggest acid igneous rock source, with minor sedimentary and metamorphic imprints, with an order of maturity as Banket>Kawere>Huni>Chagupana. Detritus in the Chagupana, Huni and Kawere sandstones are from the transitional continental margin. The Chagupana is from the cold arid climate, while the Huni and Kawere are from the semi-arid/semi-humid climates. The Banket sandstone mobilises from craton interior with recycled orogenic materials in a humid environment. The angular-subangular feldspars in Chagupana sandstone indicate low relief and low-moderate recycling close to the source. Huni, Kawere and Banket sandstones derive from low-moderate reliefs with multiple recycling episodes. The Chagupana and Huni sandstones show paleo-current directions from the north and east, respectively. Similarities between the Chagupana and Tarkwa rocks can only be limited to the tectonic setting and not from source area, paleo-climate, paleo-current and relief.
16
Maslov, A. V., and V. N. Podkovyrov. "Chemical Weathering Indices and their Use for Paleoclimatic Reconstructions (on the Example of the Vendian‒Lower Cambrian Section of Podolsk Transnistria)." Литология и полезные ископаемые, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0024497x22700033.
Abstract:
The article provides an overview of various indices/indicators (Vogt, Parker, CIA, CIW, PIA, MIA, etc.) used in the study of weathering profiles/crusts and reconstruction of paleoclimatic environments of sedimentary sequence accumulation. Their possibilities are demonstrated by the example of Vendian-Lower Cambrian terrigenous deposits of Podolsk Transnistria (southwestern slope of the Ukrainian Shield). The distribution of the ba1 index values in this section indicates the presence of the material most transformed by the processes of chemical weathering in the mudstones of the Nagoryany Formation, the lower part of the Danylivka and the middle part of the Studenytsya formations. For mudstones of the Danylivka–Zbruch interval, the HM values are close to the HMPAAS. For rocks of the Yaryshiv–Nagoryany interval, the HM values are slightly higher, and for mudstones in the lower part of the Yaryshiv Formation, they are comparable to those inherent in continental clays of a hot tropical climate. The average SA index for mudstones of the entire section is 5.6 ± ± 0.7. Mudstones of the Hrushka–Nagoryany interval, where SA SAPAAS, are composed of more weathered material. The WIP values in the mudstones of the Mohyliv and Yaryshiv formations, as well as in the upper part of the Zbruch Formation, correspond to the interval of their values between PAAS and the average Archean granite. Clay rocks of other formations have WIP ≤ WIPPAAS values. The average CIA value for mudstones is 71 ± 4, which practically corresponds to the CIA value (70), which separates the sediments of cold/arid and warm/humid climates. Variations in the CIW index along the section are symbate with variations in the CIA. The vast majority of mudstones are characterized by PIA PIAPAAS values. The average CPA value is 91 ± 4, which is also typical for PAAS. The above and other data show that on the basis of a “direct” interpretation of the values of various indices of chemical weathering inherent in fine-grained clastic rocks, the paleoclimate that existed in the Vendian‒Early Cambrian on the territory of Podolsk Transnistria was rather moderate or warm humid. Comparison of the CIA values of mudstones with the values of this indicator for the particulate suspended matter of modern rivers suggests that the climate in the Vendian‒Early Cambrian resembled dry and humid subtropical or dry tropical with elements of humid.
17
Hou, Haihai, Shujun Liu, Longyi Shao, Yonghong Li, Ming’en Zhao, and Cui Wang. "Elemental geochemistry of the Middle Jurassic shales in the northern Qaidam Basin, northwestern China: Constraints for tectonics and paleoclimate." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0318.
Abstract:
Abstract The elemental geochemical characteristics of mudstones/shales are good tracers for indicating the evolution of tectonics, paleoenvironment, and paleoclimate. Based on the continuous sampling of drilling cores from the Middle Jurassic Dameigou and Shimengou Formations in the northern Qaidam Basin, the major, trace, and rare earth elements of the 31 mudstones and shales were analyzed. The information on the evolution of tectonics, provenance, and paleoclimate during Middle Jurassic was also recovered. The results show that: (1) A couple of elements consisting of Sc, Y, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Th, and U are relatively enriched, indicating that the contents of siderophile and chalcophile elements are significantly high in the Middle Jurassic samples; (2) Changes in the chemical index of alteration, Ga/Rb, and K2O/Al2O3 ratios in the mudstone/shale samples suggest that the paleoclimate was changed from warm and humid in the early stage to cold and dry in the middle stage and to hot and arid in the late stage; (3) The Middle Jurassic provenance of the northern Qaidam Basin was predicted from upper crust and felsic rocks to the mixed felsic rocks and basic rocks; (4) The Middle Jurassic tectonic background was changed from passive continental margin to active continental margin and oceanic island arc. The paleoclimatic and paleogeographic evolution of northern Qaidam Basin were closely related to the surrounding paleo-oceanic and ancient plate activities. In the early stage of the Middle Jurassic, the extensional activity in the passive continental margin and the water vapor input was caused by the Tethys Ocean, resulting in a warm and humid paleoclimate. In the late stage of the Middle Jurassic, the tectonic background of the study area tended to be an oceanic island arc caused by compressive tectonic, which blocked the monsoon input and led to a hot and arid paleoclimate. The establishment of multiple geochemical profiles can provide a scientific basis for the climate changes in greenhouse–icehouses and source–sink systems of the Middle Jurassic in northwestern China.
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Egorova, Daria A., Olga L. Voronina, Andrey I. Solovyev, Marina S. Kunda, Ekaterina I. Aksenova, Natalia N. Ryzhova, Ksenya V. Danilova, et al. "Integrated into Environmental Biofilm Chromobacterium vaccinii Survives Winter with Support of Bacterial Community." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111696.
Abstract:
Chromobacterium species are common in tropical and subtropical zones in environmental samples according to numerous studies. Here, we describe an environmental case of resident Chromobacterium vaccinii in biofilms associated with Carex spp. roots in Moscow region, Russia (warm-summer humid continental climate zone). We performed broad characterization of individual properties as well as surrounding context for better understanding of the premise of C. vaccinii survival during the winter season. Genome properties of isolated strains propose some insights into adaptation to habit and biofilm mode of life, including social cheaters carrying ΔluxR mutation. Isolated C. vaccinii differs from previously described strains in some biochemical properties and some basic characteristics like fatty acid composition as well as unique genome features. Despite potential to modulate membrane fluidity and presence of several genes responsible for cold shock response, isolated C. vaccinii did not survive during exposure to 4 °C, while in the complex biofilm sample, it was safely preserved for at least half a year in vitro at 4 °C. The surrounding bacterial community within the same biofilm with C. vaccinii represented a series of psychrophilic bacterial species, which may share resistance to low temperatures with other species within biofilm and provide C. vaccinii an opportunity to survive during the cold winter season.
19
Holcová, Katarína. "Calcareous nannoplankton and foraminiferal response to global Oligocene and Miocene climatic oscillations: a case study from the Western Carpathian segment of the Central Paratethys." Geologica Carpathica 68, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0016.
Abstract:
Abstract The reactions of foraminiferal and calcareous nannoplankton assemblages to global warming and cooling events in the time intervals of ca. 27 to 19 Ma and 13.5 to 15 Ma (Oligocene and Miocene) were studied in subtropical epicontinental seas influenced by local tectonic and palaeogeographic events (the Central Paratethys). Regardless of these local events, global climatic processes significantly influenced the palaeoenvironment within the marine basin. Warm intervals are characterized by a stable, humid climate and a high-nutrient regime, due primarily to increased continental input of phytodetritus and also locally due to seasonal upwelling. Coarse clastics deposited in a hyposaline environment characterize the marginal part of the basin. Aridification events causing decreased riverine input and consequent nutrient decreases, characterized cold intervals. Apparent seasonality, as well as catastrophic climatic events, induced stress conditions and the expansion of opportunistic taxa. Carbonate production and hypersaline facies characterize the marginal part of the basins. Hypersaline surface water triggered downwelling circulation and mixing of water masses. Decreased abundance or extinction of K-specialists during each cold interval accelerated their speciation in the subsequent warm interval. Local tectonic events led to discordances between local and global sea-level changes (tectonically triggered uplift or subsidence) or to local salt formation (in the rain shadows of newly-created mountains).
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Jégo, Guillaume, Martin Chantigny, Elizabeth Pattey, Gilles Bélanger, Philippe Rochette, Anne Vanasse, and Claudia Goyer. "Improved snow-cover model for multi-annual simulations with the STICS crop model under cold, humid continental climates." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 195-196 (September 2014): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.05.002.
21
Lin, Donglin, Shuheng Tang, Zhaodong Xi, Bing Zhang, and Yapei Ye. "Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Shales in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China: Implications for Redox Environmental Evolution." Minerals 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070710.
Abstract:
Changes to the redox environment of seawater in the Late Ordovician affect the process of organic matter enrichment and biological evolution. However, the evolution of redox and its underlying causes remain unclear. This paper analyzed the vertical variability of main, trace elements and δ34Spy from a drill core section (well ZY5) in the Upper Yangtze Platform, and described the redox conditions, paleoproductivity and paleoclimate variability recorded in shale deposits of the P. pacificus zone and M. extraordinarius zone that accumulated during Wufeng Formation. The results showed that shale from well ZY5 in Late Ordovician was deposited under oxidized water environment, and there are more strongly reducing bottom water conditions of the M. extraordinarius zone compared with the P. pacificus zone. Excess silica (SiO2(exc)) and substitution index of paleoproductivity (Y) indicated that the P. pacificus zone had higher paleoproductivity whereas the M. extraordinarius zone was lower. The high productivity level controlled O2 release in the shallow water area as well as the oxidation degree of the P. pacificus zone. The decrease of productivity and the relatively stagnant water mass of the inner Yangtze Sea controlled the formation of relatively reduced water conditions in the M. extraordinarius zone. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) results suggested that palaeoclimatic conditions changed from warm and humid to cold and dry climate from the P. pacificus to the M. extraordinarius zones in the study area. A comparative analysis of the published Fe-S-C data for the Xiushan Datianba section showed that in the P. pacificus zone of the inner Yangtze Sea, warm and humid climate conditions drove high productivity, sulphate flux and low reactive iron flux, which promoted the expansion of oxic ocean-surface waters and mid-depth euxinic waters. In the M. extraordinarius zone, the cold and dry climate with significant uplift of the Xiang’e Submarine High led to the relative sea level decline, resulting in low productivity, sulfate flux and high reactive iron flux, which promoted the expansion of the mid-depth ferruginous waters and the shrinkage of oxic ocean-surface waters. The results offered new insights into the co-evolution of continents and oceans, and explained the role of continental weathering and uplift of the Xiang’e Submarine High in the exchange of sulfate flux and nutrients in the redox environment change of inner Yangtze Sea during the Late Ordovician.
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Hadiwijaya, Bram, Steeve Pepin, Pierre-Erik Isabelle, and Daniel F. Nadeau. "The Dynamics of Transpiration to Evapotranspiration Ratio under Wet and Dry Canopy Conditions in a Humid Boreal Forest." Forests 11, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020237.
Abstract:
Humid boreal forests are unique environments characterized by a cold climate, abundant precipitation, and high evapotranspiration. Transpiration ( E T ), as a component of evapotranspiration (E), behaves differently under wet and dry canopy conditions, yet very few studies have focused on the dynamics of transpiration to evapotranspiration ratio ( E T / E ) under transient canopy wetness states. This study presents field measurements of E T / E at the Montmorency Forest, Québec, Canada: a balsam fir boreal forest that receives ∼ 1600 mm of precipitation annually (continental subarctic climate; Köppen classification subtype Dfc). Half-hourly observations of E and E T were obtained over two growing seasons using eddy-covariance and sap flow (Granier’s constant thermal dissipation) methods, respectively, under wet and dry canopy conditions. A series of calibration experiments were performed for sap flow, resulting in species-specific calibration coefficients that increased estimates of sap flux density by 34 % ± 8 % , compared to Granier’s original coefficients. The uncertainties associated with the scaling of sap flow measurements to stand E T , especially circumferential and spatial variations, were also quantified. From 30 wetting–drying events recorded during the measurement period in summer 2018, variations in E T / E were analyzed under different stages of canopy wetness. A combination of low evaporative demand and the presence of water on the canopy from the rainfall led to small E T / E . During two growing seasons, the average E T / E ranged from 35 % ± 2 % to 47 % ± 3 % . The change in total precipitation was not the main driver of seasonal E T / E variation, therefore it is important to analyze the impact of rainfall at half-hourly intervals.
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Biste, Michael, and Andrés Burgoa. "NUEVOS ASPECTOS GEOLÓGICO-MINEROS SOBRE EL YACIMIENTO DE BOLIVIANITA ANAHÍ, UBICADO EN EL ORIENTE BOLIVIANO." Boletim do Museu de Geociências da Amazônia 10, no. 2 (August 29, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31419/issn.2594-942x.v102023i2boliviaa11mb.
Abstract:
A recent investigation of the bolivianita Anahi mine reveals that the mineralization is the product of intracratonic thermal fluids which migrated along a deep lineament and through a basin with an Upper Proterozoic sediment filling. The mineralization is hosted by Cambrian limestone and related to a collapse structure. It occurs within caverns of dissolution, fractures and open spaces which were formed by karstic processes and circulation of thermal fluids. The different types of quartz precipitated by mixing of ascendant thermal fluids enriched in silica with descendent cold meteoric water close to the paleo-surface. The geometry of the mineralizacion follows the subterraneous morphology of the paleo-karst. The amorphous silica precipitated close or on top of the paleo-aquifer as opal-chalcedony with some disseminated pyrite. The crystalline gem quartz grew below this sinter cap. The exact age of the mineralization is unknown. But it is most likely that the process of selective dissolution of the Cambrian limestone started after its consolidation during a phase of continental uplift of the regolith under humid climate and continues until today. The migration of thermal fluids was probably induced by Upper Cretaceous alkaline igneous activity.
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Berardi, Umberto. "The BeTOP facility for performance testing of building systems." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339603030.
Abstract:
Proposing new materials and systems to improve buildings' performance and energy efficiency often requires testing their performance in the field. Experimental performance characterization of new and existing building systems is crucial to understanding their behaviour. Full-scale experimental test cell facilities have been at the forefront of experimental performance evaluation in building-related research, as they provide a realistic representation of buildings, including environmental conditions, assembling challenges, and operational characteristics. In this paper, trends in the design and construction of outdoor testing facilities are first discussed. Then, based on the current literature and the knowledge gained through visits to multiple facilities, the new test cell facility “BeTOP”, located in Toronto (Ontario), is described. BeTOP is a full-scale experimental facility with the capacity to perform multiple experimental tests simultaneously. This paper describes its characteristics, including structure details, testing capabilities, system details, current monitoring campaigns, and future testing potential. The paper concludes by showing that the design of a full-scale testing facility is crucial to observe the long-term performance of new systems under variable boundary conditions in a continental climate with cold winters and hot and humid summers.
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Ravelojaona, Nomena, Guillaume Jégo, Noura Ziadi, Alain Mollier, Jean Lafond, Antoine Karam, and Christian Morel. "STICS Soil–Crop Model Performance for Predicting Biomass and Nitrogen Status of Spring Barley Cropped for 31 Years in a Gleysolic Soil from Northeastern Quebec (Canada)." Agronomy 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2023): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102540.
Abstract:
Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an increasingly important cash crop in the province of Quebec (Canada). Soil–crop models are powerful tools for analyzing and supporting sustainable crop production. STICS model has not yet been tested for spring barley grown over several decades. This study was conducted to calibrate and evaluate the STICS model, without annual reinitialization, for predicting aboveground biomass and N nutrition attributes at harvest during 31 years of successive cropping of spring barley grown in soil (silty clay, Humic Gleysol) from the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region (northeastern Quebec, Canada). There is a good agreement between observed and predicted variables during the 31 successive barley cropping years. STICS predicted well biomass accumulation and plant N content with a low relative bias (|normalized mean error| = 0–13%) and small prediction error (normalized root mean square error = 6–25%). Overall, the STICS outputs reproduced the same trends as the field-observed data with various tillage systems and N sources. Predictions of crop attributes were more accurate in years with rainfall close to the long-term average. These ‘newly calibrated’ parameters in STICS for spring barley cropped under continental cold and humid climates require validation using independent observation datasets from other sites.
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Laita, Elisa, Blanca Bauluz, Marcos Aurell, Beatriz Bádenas, José Ignacio Canudo, and Alfonso Yuste. "A change from warm/humid to cold/dry climate conditions recorded in lower Barremian clay-dominated continental successions from the SE Iberian Chain (NE Spain)." Sedimentary Geology 403 (June 2020): 105673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105673.
27
Satosina, Elizaveta, Nurdin Mamadiev, Lyubov Makhmudova, and Julia Kurbatova. "Carbon Dioxide and Heat Fluxes during Reforestation in the North Caucasus." Forests 14, no. 12 (December 4, 2023): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122368.
Abstract:
Human impact on natural ecosystems has significantly increased in recent decades. As a result, the structure and functioning of ecosystems are seriously altered. This in turn affects regional weather and climate conditions through changes in the radiation, water, and carbon balance of ecosystems. Investigating the process of natural ecosystem restoration after disturbances is an important issue in the context of climate change. During monitoring observations of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in a reforestation area in the Chechen Republic, new experimental data on their seasonal variability were obtained, and their sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions was assessed. Forest restoration and land reclamation are essential components of the low-carbon development and decarbonization strategy of the world economy. Observations of GHG fluxes were conducted in the reclaimed area, which was planted with tree seedlings. One year of eddy covariance flux measurements (May 2022–June 2023) demonstrated that CO2 uptake by the reforestation area in a humid continental climate with hot summers and cold winters is determined by the moisture conditions of the growing season. The cumulative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for the entire measurement period at the carbon farm was 613.7 gC·m−2. The uptake of CO2 by the reforestation area was observed only due to active seedling growth during periods of sufficient soil moisture (May 2023). During this time, total NEE uptake was 48.7 gC·m−2. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were also dependent on weather conditions, primarily on incoming solar radiation and moisture conditions. For the successful implementation of climate projects aimed at the creation of artificial forest ecosystems with high CO2 uptake capacity, it is essential to develop appropriate hydro-meliorative measures that ensure a sufficient amount of available soil moisture.
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Gastaldo, Robert A., Kaci Kus, Neil Tabor, and Johann Neveling. "Calcic Vertisols in the upper Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone, Balfour Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa: Implications for Late Permian Climate." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.32.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The fully continental succession of the Beaufort Group, Karoo Basin, South Africa, has been used in the development of environmental models proposed for the interval that spans the contact between the Daptocephalus to Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zones, associated by some workers with the end-Permian extinction event. An aridification trend is widely accepted, yet geochemical data indicate that the majority of in situ paleosols encountered in this interval developed in waterlogged environments. To date, the presence of calcic paleosols in the latest Permian can be inferred only from the presence of calcite-cemented pedogenic nodules concentrated in fluvial channel-lag deposits. Here, we report on the first empirical evidence of in situ calcic Vertisols found in the upper Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone near Old Wapadsberg Pass, one of eight classic localities in which the vertebrate turnover is reported in the Karoo Basin. Seven discrete intervals of calcic Vertisols, exposed over a very limited lateral extent, occur in an ∼ 25 m stratigraphic interval. Estimates of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation are calculated from geochemical measurements of one paleosol, and these estimates indicate that the prevailing climate at the time of pedogenesis was seasonally cold and humid. Correlation with adjacent stratigraphic sections indicates that the late Permian landscape experienced poorly drained and better-drained phases, interpreted to reflect a climate that varied between episodically dry and episodically wet. In contrast to a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of unidirectional aridification from strata in the Wapadsberg Pass region, this study provides new evidence for a wetting trend towards the Daptocephalus–Lystrosaurus Assemblage-Zone boundary.
29
Anonymous. "Peer review report 1 On “Improved snow-cover model for multi-annual simulations with the STICS crop model under cold, humid continental climates”." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 201 (January 2015): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.236.
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Mary, Bruno. "Peer review report 2 On “Improved snow-cover model for multi-annual simulations with the STICS crop model under cold, humid continental climates”." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 201 (January 2015): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.237.
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Naz, Bibi S., Wendy Sharples, Yueling Ma, Klaus Goergen, and Stefan Kollet. "Continental-scale evaluation of a fully distributed coupled land surface and groundwater model, ParFlow-CLM (v3.6.0), over Europe." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 1617–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1617-2023.
Abstract:
Abstract. High-resolution large-scale predictions of hydrologic states and fluxes are important for many multi-scale applications, including water resource management. However, many of the existing global- to continental-scale hydrological models are applied at coarse resolution and neglect more complex processes such as lateral surface and groundwater flow, thereby not capturing smaller-scale hydrologic processes. Applications of high-resolution and physically based integrated hydrological models are often limited to watershed scales, neglecting the mesoscale climate effects on the water cycle. We implemented an integrated, physically based coupled land surface groundwater model, ParFlow-CLM version 3.6.0, over a pan-European model domain at 0.0275∘ (∼3 km) resolution. The model simulates a three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater-flow-solving Richards equation and overland flow with a two-dimensional kinematic wave approximation, which is fully integrated with land surface exchange processes. A comprehensive evaluation of multiple hydrologic variables including discharge, surface soil moisture (SM), evapotranspiration (ET), snow water equivalent (SWE), total water storage (TWS), and water table depth (WTD) resulting from a 10-year (1997–2006) model simulation was performed using in situ and remote sensing (RS) observations. Overall, the uncalibrated ParFlow-CLM model showed good agreement in simulating river discharge for 176 gauging stations across Europe (average Spearman's rank correlation (R) of 0.77). At the local scale, ParFlow-CLM model performed well for ET (R>0.94) against eddy covariance observations but showed relatively large differences for SM and WTD (median R values of 0.7 and 0.50, respectively) when compared with soil moisture networks and groundwater-monitoring-well data. However, model performance varied between hydroclimate regions, with the best agreement to RS datasets being shown in semi-arid and arid regions for most variables. Conversely, the largest differences between modeled and RS datasets (e.g., for SM, SWE, and TWS) are shown in humid and cold regions. Our findings highlight the importance of including multiple variables using both local-scale and large-scale RS datasets in model evaluations for a better understanding of physically based fully distributed hydrologic model performance and uncertainties in water and energy fluxes over continental scales and across different hydroclimate regions. The large-scale, high-resolution setup also forms a basis for future studies and provides an evaluation reference for climate change impact projections and a climatology for hydrological forecasting considering the effects of lateral surface and groundwater flows.
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Yartsev, G. F., R. K. Baikasenov, A. A. Kolesnikov, A. T. Akhmetgaliev, and Yu Yu Episheva. "Improvement of elements of cultivation technology for winter crops and chickpea on chernozems of southern and dark chestnut soils of the Orenburg region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1206, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1206/1/012034.
Abstract:
Abstract The Orenburg region is characterized by a sharp continental climate. It is characterized by cold winters, and frequent droughts in summer. That is why, the most frost-resistant winter wheat and rye of winter crops are cultivated in the region, and the chickpea is the most drought-resistant one of grain legumes. The changing climate requires constant clarification of sowing dates, methods, seeding rates, and emerging new liquid fertilizers require clarification, if possible, of their joint application in certain phases of plant development. In our winter wheat studies, various combinations of liquid fertilizers together with a growth regulator used in the tillering and earing phases were studied, as well as the the sowing dates. Sowing methods and seeding rates have been studied on chickpea. It was revealed that the highest yield of winter wheat is provided by foliar fertilization with liquid nitrogen fertilizer Carb-N-Humik both in the tillering and earing phases. The optimal time for sowing winter crops is the first term, i.e. August 19. The most acceptable method of sowing chickpeas is an ordinary one with a seeding rate of 1.1 million/ha.
33
Rozhanskaya, O. A., and E. M. Gorshkova. "In vitro culture as a source of biodiversity for soybean breeding." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 4 (September 28, 2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-4-3.
Abstract:
The paper shows the effectiveness of methods of somaclonal variability in combination with multiple individual selection for creating new soybean varieties characterized by early ripeness and increased seed productivity for sub-arid regions of Russia and Kazakhstan with cold continental climate. Soybean breeding material was created using biotechnology methods combined with multiple individual selection. Higher regeneration potential of soybean tissues of SibNIIK 315 variety compared to Omskaya-4 variety was revealed. The ability to regenerate is associated with the adaptability of SibNIIK 315 variety, which is confi rmed by the wider area of its cultivation in various ecological and geographical conditions in fi ve regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Tissues of apexes and cotyledonary nodes of R21 somaclonal line differed from the original SibNIIK 315 variety by the increased activity of callus formation, regeneration and growth of shoots. Tissues of regenerated plants passed repeatedly through the regeneration cycle according to the protocol of recurrent regeneration. Due to this, high morphogenic activity of R21 tissues can be the result of autoselection in vitro. The analysis of phenotypic variations in early generations of soybean somaclones showed an asymmetric distribution of deviations by the main breeding and marker traits: duration of vegetation, plant height and seed productivity, as well as dependence of distribution on weather conditions. In a dry year most somaclonal lines had a higher seed productivity, whereas in favourable conditions of a humid summer only every third line was superior to the original variety. This indicates increased levels of ontogenetic adaptation of somaclones in extreme drought conditions.
34
Varela, Luciano, and Richard A. Fariña. "Co-occurrence of mylodontid sloths and insights on their potential distributions during the late Pleistocene." Quaternary Research 85, no. 1 (January 2016): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.11.009.
Abstract:
Species distribution models (SDMs) for the last interglacial (LIG), the global last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Holocene climatic optimum (HCO) were generated for three extinct South American Pleistocene mylodontid giant sloths,Glossotherium robustum,Lestodon armatusandMylodon darwinii. They are recorded co-occurring in some localities including Arroyo del Vizcaíno site (AdV) in Uruguay. Co-occurrence records were studied based on the overlap of their generated areas of potential distributions, and compared with the available biome reconstructions of South America during the LGM to analyze their distribution patterns, ecological requirements and possible interactions between them. Our results suggest that these sloths could have co-existed mainly in the Chaco-Paraná Basin and the plains in the Río de la Plata area. Areas of high suitability were observed for submerged parts of the continental shelf that were exposed during the LGM showing an overall increase in potential habitat compared to the LIG and HCO. This suggests that there was a drastic reduction in total available areas of preferred habitat at the end of the Pleistocene. The co-occurrence of these sloths at the AdV site suggests the presence of vegetation indicative of mainly open, cold to temperate habitats but with mixed patches typical of humid climates.
35
Ye, S., M. A. Yaeger, E. Coopersmith, L. Cheng, and M. Sivapalan. "Exploring the physical controls of regional patterns of flow duration curves – Part 2: Role of seasonality and associated process controls." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2012): 7035–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-7035-2012.
Abstract:
Abstract. The goal of this paper is to explore the process controls underpinning regional patterns of variations of runoff regime behavior, i.e., the mean seasonal variation of runoff within the year, across the continental United States. The ultimate motivation is to use the resulting process understanding to generate insights into the physical controls of Flow Duration Curves, in view of the close connection between these two alternative signatures of runoff variability. To achieve these aims a top-down modeling approach is adopted; we start with a simple two-stage bucket model, which is systematically enhanced through addition of new processes on the basis of model performance assessment in relation to observations, using rainfall-runoff data from 197 United States catchments belonging to the MOPEX dataset. Exploration of dominant processes and the determination of required model complexity are carried out through model-based sensitivity analyses, guided by a performance metric. Results indicated systematic regional trends in dominant processes: snowmelt was a key process control in cold mountainous catchments in the north and north-west, whereas snowmelt and vegetation cover dynamics were key controls in the north-east; seasonal vegetation cover dynamics (phenology and interception) were important along the Appalachian mountain range in the east. A simple two-bucket model (with no other additions) was found to be adequate in warm humid catchments along the west coast and in the south-east, with both regions exhibiting strong seasonality, whereas much more complex models are needed in the dry south and south-west. Agricultural catchments in the mid-west were found to be difficult to predict with the use of simple lumped models, due to the strong influence of human activities. Overall, these process controls arose from general east-west (seasonality) and north-south (aridity, temperature) trends in climate (with some exceptions), compounded by complex dynamics of vegetation cover and to a less extent by landscape factors (soils, geology and topography).
36
Musil, Rudolf. "Phenological Analysis of the Last Glacial Vertebrates from the Territory of Moravia (the Czech Republic) – Continuity and Change in Faunistic Communities." Fossil Imprint 74, no. 3-4 (December 28, 2018): 199–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0015.
Abstract:
Due to the vertical zonality of the studied area, its environment varied greatly over a relatively short distance within the same time span. It is possible to distinguish the following different types of environment: (1) Alluvial floodplains around larger water flows. I assume in the Last Glacial there was continuous coniferous forest, with occasional sporadic occurrences of thermophilous deciduous trees in favourable locations mainly in south Moravia. (2) Lower foothills up to about 300 m a.s.l. along the floodplains, probably the most widespread type of environment in the studied area. Open grasslands with isolated trees and shrubs were predominant. (3) At the higher altitudes of the hills (ca. 300-500 m a.s.l.) there was only steppe. (4) The highest parts of highlands and the mountains (500-1,400 m a.s.l.). During the cold and dry events these areas were mostly without grassy vegetation. The boundaries of the above mentioned environments fluctuated throughout the whole of the Last Glacial. A series of new investigations of Last Glacial Moravian sites took place over the recent decades. The result was a relatively large amount of fossil vertebrate findings, from karst areas (caves), and from open air sites. All findings were assigned to precisely defined layers which were in most cases radiometrically and/or archaeologically dated. It allowed association of the fauna communities with stratigraphical events and therefore produced a clearer picture of changes during the entire Last Glacial. The study showed that the species structure of the communities was not stable during the Last Glacial. The changes did not exhibit gradual linear development. The time span of the individual communities varied greatly. In two cases a total species change occurred very rapidly. In other cases the changes occurred over a longer period of time and may have involved penetration of new species into existing communities to a significant extent. The changes of communities associated with single stratigraphical events were palaeoecologically evaluated. In comparison with changes in the environment, I can conclude that both changes occurred simultaneously. I am therefore convinced that the primary impulse for community change was induced by environmental change. The Eemian communities of regions east of Germany differ from coeval communities of Western and the west part of Central Europe. This difference was driven by variation in precipitation, a more humid climate in the West and continental climate in the East. We have therefore two different Eemian provinces in Central Europe, the more humid west (oceanic weather) and the drier east (continental weather). The first half of the Last Glacial, about 40 ka from its beginning, had a wide range of climatic oscillations of different intensity. In layers of Moravian localities with interglacial species, the numbers of finds are always limited (small number). They were previously assigned to the Eemian. The earlier stratigraphic scale of the Late Pleistocene corresponded with this view. According to recent opinion, however, the rare finds of interglacial species in these localities are not from the Eemian interglacial, but from the first interstadials of the Last Glacial. Larger temperature oscillations occurred only in the second half of the Last Glacial and the most significant cooling was at the very end of this time. In the first occurrence of the typical Holocene assemblage in the Moravian Karst there are still some species which are typical for the Last Glacial (reindeer and lemmings). Lemmings died out first, but reindeer survived up to the Neolithic age. This area had, and still has today, differing environments within a relatively short distance caused by vertical zonation. There was a significantly colder climate in the deep and relatively narrow valleys. The upper part of the insolation slopes was mainly covered with grass and the average annual temperature there was much higher than in the valleys. This was reflected of course in the fauna. The in-migration of animals was not only via a meridional route. Migration was not only caused by oscillation of the average temperature or rainfall, but also by the need to find the best conditions for living. Seasonal migration was caused mainly by annual changes in the energy value of the food plants.
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Belonovskaya, E. A., V. V. Vinogradova, M. A. Ponomaryov, A. A. Tishkov, and N. G. Tsarevskaya. "Evaluating the recreation potential of the national park “Valdayskiy” (Novgorodskaya Oblast, Russia)." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019497-111.
Abstract:
The National Park “Valdayskiy” (the Park) was established to preserve the unique lake-forest complex of the Valday upland and to create conditions for the development of organized recreation on this territory. Incomparable beautiful views of different landscapes attracthere thousands of tourists from various Russian regions.The greater number of them prefers lakeshores for camping,so special attention in the research was paid tothe studyofriparian and shallow water vegetation of lakesin zones with different recreation pressureto establish the patterns of vegetation digression.The materials of our observations are supplemented with data on the attendance of tourist sites collected by the Park staff.The region recreation capacities were studied on the base of bioclimatic indices (Bodman’s indices and subjective temperature).It was revealed that only for the period of 1 month (mid-July to mid-August), there is a massive influx of tourists and intensive use of recreation sites on the lakeshores.This leads to degradation of riparian forest and meadow vegetation; destruction of the protective (buffer) zone of aquatic vegetation, erosion of the banks near camps, pollution of shallow water by sewage and garbage. Thus, irregular recreation pressure on water bodies leads to local degradation of natural complexes and eventually to lowering the aesthetic value of riparian landscapes. But such factors as humid (moderate) continental climate with a prolonged cold winter and high relative air humidity throughout the year reduce the period of a strong recreation pressure, and the complicated accessibility of many lakeshores reduce the negative impact of recreation and delay the destruction of natural vegetation. Evaluation of the bioclimatic indices allows Valday to be attributed to regions with a lack of thermal resources, it is preferable to develop here dynamic types of recreation activities practically all over the year. For soft recreation activity the Valday upland are available with limitation from 7 to 8 months in a year and without limitation nearly 1 month in a year. For nature conservation in the Park it is necessary to organize monitoring of lakeshore’s complexes, control of recreation use, determine pressure of tourist traffic, normalizing and differentiating this pressure by the types of possible use and conservation regime.
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Ye, S., M. Yaeger, E. Coopersmith, L. Cheng, and M. Sivapalan. "Exploring the physical controls of regional patterns of flow duration curves – Part 2: Role of seasonality, the regime curve, and associated process controls." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 26, 2012): 4447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4447-2012.
Abstract:
Abstract. The goal of this paper is to explore the process controls underpinning regional patterns of variations of streamflow regime behavior, i.e., the mean seasonal variation of streamflow within the year, across the continental United States. The ultimate motivation is to use the resulting process understanding to generate insights into the physical controls of another signature of streamflow variability, namely the flow duration curve (FDC). The construction of the FDC removes the time dependence of flows. Thus in order to better understand the physical controls in regions that exhibit strong seasonal dependence, the regime curve (RC), which is closely connected to the FDC, is studied in this paper and later linked back to the FDC. To achieve these aims a top-down modeling approach is adopted; we start with a simple two-stage bucket model, which is systematically enhanced through addition of new processes on the basis of model performance assessment in relation to observations, using rainfall-runoff data from 197 United States catchments belonging to the MOPEX dataset. Exploration of dominant processes and the determination of required model complexity are carried out through model-based sensitivity analyses, guided by a performance metric. Results indicated systematic regional trends in dominant processes: snowmelt was a key process control in cold mountainous catchments in the north and north-west, whereas snowmelt and vegetation cover dynamics were key controls in the north-east; seasonal vegetation cover dynamics (phenology and interception) were important along the Appalachian mountain range in the east. A simple two-bucket model (with no other additions) was found to be adequate in warm humid catchments along the west coast and in the south-east, with both regions exhibiting strong seasonality, whereas much more complex models are needed in the dry south and south-west. Agricultural catchments in the mid-west were found to be difficult to predict with the use of simple lumped models, due to the strong influence of human activities. Overall, these process controls arose from general east-west (seasonality) and north-south (aridity, temperature) trends in climate (with some exceptions), compounded by complex dynamics of vegetation cover and to a less extent by landscape factors (soils, geology and topography).
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Bos, Johanna A. A., and Bas van Geel. "Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on the Early Holocene Haelen sequence, near Roermond (southeastern Netherlands)." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 96, no. 2 (September 14, 2016): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2016.35.
Abstract:
AbstractHigh-resolution Early Holocene palynological records from the middle Meuse River valley were missing until recently. In order to investigate environmental and inferred climate changes during the Preboreal, sediments from a former residual channel of the Meuse River near Haelen were studied. Detailed multi-proxy analyses, including microfossils, macroremains and loss-on-ignition measurements, were carried out at a high temporal resolution. An accurate chronology of the >1000-year-long record was provided by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C wiggle-match dating.The channel was abandoned during the late Younger Dryas, when accumulation started with gyttja. This period was characterised by an open landscape with herbaceous vegetation and dwarf shrubs. Patches of birch were present on the floodplains around depressions and (oxbow) lakes. Some pines survived the cold in sheltered locations. In the residual channel the water was flowing temporarily and aquatic plant communities developed with predominantly submerged taxa and algae. The shores were fringed by willows and sedges and were probably used as a watering place by large herbivores.Following the Late-glacial/Holocene climate warming, dated in the Haelen record around 11,520 cal BP, birch woodlands expanded on the river floodplains and slopes of terraces during the Friesland Phase. Open vegetation with herbs and juniper remained present on the nearby terraces. An increase in the water level of the oxbow lake and seepage of groundwater occurred. Along the shores herbaceous vegetation was present. Around 11,420 cal BP, birch expansion was interrupted by the dry continental Rammelbeek Phase. On the river floodplain and terrace slopes, open grassland vegetation developed and on the terraces, grasslands and open grounds were abundant. In the residual channel the water became stagnant and floating-leaved vegetation developed. At the start of the Late Preboreal, around 11,270 cal BP, a sudden shift to a more humid climate took place and birch forests expanded again on the river floodplains and terrace slopes. Poplar became more abundant in these forests, and birch and poplar swamp forests were present near the site. Pine expanded atc. 11,160 cal BP on the higher sandy and gravelly terraces. During the Late Preboreal a reed swamp developed on the shores of the residual channel.At the onset of the Boreal, around 10,710 cal BP, woodlands, initially with hazel, but later also with oak, elm and lime, started to develop, while pine forest remained present on the higher terraces. Hazel shrubs were growing on the terrace slopes. Birch and poplar forests occurred on moist parts of the floodplains. Around the residual channel they formed a zone behind the reed swamps surrounding the oxbow lake. Vegetation with water lilies was present in open water.The Haelen record shows, despite a lack of archaeological evidence, indications for the presence of Mesolithic people in the area during the Preboreal. These include the occurrence of (natural or man-made) fires, in combination with the presence of trampled areas and disturbed grounds and possibly consumption of Nymphaeaceae seeds and tubers.
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Narloch, Piotr, and Piotr Woyciechowski. "Assessing Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Durability in A Humid Continental Climate." Buildings 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10020026.
Abstract:
The article compared the test results of a number of features determining the durability of rammed earth durability in a humid continental climate. The results of wet to dry compressive strength ratio, frost resistance, linear shrinkage, resistance to erosion under the influence of a stream of pressurized water, and resistance to erosion under the influence of cyclic wetting and drying were presented. All of the tests were done on the same soil-cement mixture. On this basis, it was determined which of the methods of durability assessment is more and which is less restrictive. A new method for assessing the durability of CSRE in a humid continental climate has been proposed, which is the frost resistance test. This test is determined by the method that is described in the national annex of the European concrete standard of one of the temperate climate countries. The article also shows that a minimum of 9% of the cement additive and a soil mixture containing a gravel fraction are required, in order to ensure adequate rammed earth durability in a humid continental climate (i.e., frost resistance).
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MOBASSHER, A., and AHMAD HOSSAIN. "Climatic classification of Bangladesh." MAUSAM 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v46i1.3153.
Abstract:
Using climatological data for 27 years of 16 stations an attempt has been made to classify the climate of Bangladesh by the method of Ivanov (1941. 1956 & 1958). Selianinov (1966). Gorsinkii and Shever (1976). By Ivanov's method it has been established that there are three climatic zones in Bangladesh (i) zone with simple humid climate- western bordering districts of Bangladesh; (ii) zone with sufficient humid climate -areas of Bangladesh mainly to the west of 90. E and (iii) zone with super humid climate areas or Bangladesh mainly to the east of 90"E. Almost analogous climatic zones have been obtained by Selianinov's method. By Gorsinkii's method. it has been shown that there are three climatic zones in Bangladesh' (i) quasi-maritime climate -southeastern and northeastern hilly areas; (ii} climate of the plain land- the central belt of the country. and (iii) quasi-continental clill1ate -western bordering districts. By Shevers method it has been shown that there is only sharp continental type of climate in Bangladesh.
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Liu, Da Long, Jia Ping Liu, and Liu Yang. "Building Climatic Classification in China." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.365.
Abstract:
Different climate bring about different buildings, Climate has very close relation with architecture. Building climatic classification has important direction mean for architecture design, building energy efficiency and building energy simulation. Ago, China classified building climate using temperature, relative humidity, etc.. Degree, relative humidity and clearness index were regarded as classification factors. Meteorological data of 165 stations from 1970 to 2000 is used to reclassify building climate in China. Six types of building climates which respectively is Warm, Warm & humid, Weak solar radiation & humid, Cold & dry, Cold and Sever Cold & dry was obtained, character of every climate zone was summarized.
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Baghaiepoor, Mahtab, Goran Jovanovic, and Mirko Stanimirovic. "Climate adapted houses in Iran: Hot, cold and humid climate." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 17, no. 4 (2019): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace180721025b.
Abstract:
The issue of Climate Change has raised so much attention for decades, specifically in recent years. Modern trends in urban architecture which tried to create living machines similar to each other in any context, have now been proven to be insufficient and unless we decide to respect nature and make our buildings cooperate with their contexts as soon as possible we cannot address further threads regarding our future life. If we take a look at traditional architecture existing in old towns and rural area, we can see how people managed to bond a new construction with its surroundings. In this article we study different architectural patterns which exists in old architectures of towns and villages in Iran; the country which can be a good case study due to its rich diversity of nature, climate zones and architectural background. In Iran we have a range of climate of cities from hot and dry to humid and very cold ones. So, depending on the city climate, water supplies and energy sufficiency people tried to create best residential buildings. Here we try to check out some examples.
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Song, Yangrui, Yuexia Sun, Shugang Luo, Zhe Tian, Jing Hou, Jungsoo Kim, Thomas Parkinson, and Richard de Dear. "Residential adaptive comfort in a humid continental climate – Tianjin China." Energy and Buildings 170 (July 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.083.
45
Park, Chang-Eui, Su-Jong Jeong, Chang-Hoi Ho, Hoonyoung Park, Shilong Piao, Jinwon Kim, and Song Feng. "Dominance of climate warming effects on recent drying trends over wet monsoon regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17 (September 7, 2017): 10467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10467-2017.
Abstract:
Abstract. Understanding changes in background dryness over land is key information for adapting to climate change because of its critical socioeconomic consequences. However, causes of continental dryness changes remain uncertain because various climate parameters control dryness. Here, we verify dominant climate variables determining dryness trends over continental eastern Asia, which is characterized by diverse hydroclimate regimes ranging from arid to humid, by quantifying the relative effects of changes in precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed, surface air temperature, and relative humidity on trends in the aridity index based on observed data from 189 weather stations for the period of 1961–2010. Before the early 1980s (1961–1983), change in precipitation is a primary condition for determining aridity trends. In the later period (1984–2010), the dominant climate parameter for aridity trends varies according to the hydroclimate regime. Drying trends in arid regions are mostly explained by reduced precipitation. In contrast, the increase in potential evapotranspiration due to increased atmospheric water-holding capacity, a secondary impact of warming, works to increase aridity over the humid monsoon region despite an enhanced water supply and relatively less warming. Our results show significant drying effects of warming over the humid monsoon region in recent decades; this also supports the drying trends over warm and water-sufficient regions in future climate.
46
Dong, Meiqi, Jin Zhao, E. Li, Zhijuan Liu, Shibo Guo, Zhentao Zhang, Wenqian Cui, and Xiaoguang Yang. "Effects of Changing Climate Extremes on Maize Grain Yield in Northeast China." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (April 4, 2023): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041050.
Abstract:
The increased frequency of climate extremes associated with ongoing climate change has the potential for significant impacts on maize grain yield in maize-producing regions worldwide. In this study, we used a modeling approach to investigate the effects of different types of climatic extremes on maize grain yield in Northeast China. We combined annual mean air temperature and accumulated precipitation data and divided the climate years into 9 categories, using the 10th and 90th percentiles as extreme thresholds. The climate data were represented by 1 normal climate type, 4 individual climate extremes, and 4 combined climate extremes. Changes in the frequencies of climate extremes and their impacts on maize grain yields were analyzed for two 30-year periods (period I: 1960–1989; period II: 1990–2019) using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM-Maize). Compared with period I, the occurrences of the normal climate and all 3 cold-related climate extremes (i.e., cold-normal, cold-humid, and cold-dry) decreased during period II, while occurrences of the other climate extremes increased. Moreover, according to the APSIM-Maize model, the estimated yield in the years with a normal climate decreased by 4.01%; the 3 cold-related climate extremes increased yields by 26.56%, 12.10%, and 6.68%, respectively; the 2 warm-related climate extremes (warm-normal and warm-dry) and normal-humid years decreased estimated yields by 6.39%, 24.12%, and 5.10%, respectively. The increase in the occurrence of warm-humid years increased the estimated yield by 11.69%. This work confirms the adverse effects of warmer temperatures in the absence of excess rainfall on grain yield and highlights the importance of extremely dry or wet conditions under normal temperature conditions.
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Wang, Yetong, Guoqiang Sun, Shuncun Zhang, Irene Cantarero, David Cruset, Vinyet Baqués, Hui Guo, Shangshang Bo, and Anna Travé. "Depositional Environment Changes during the Cenozoic in the Northeastern Margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10051000.
Abstract:
The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the late Cenozoic is thought to be one of the crucial factors controlling the Asian climate. However, the complex interaction between tectonics and climate change remains unclear. The carbon and oxygen isotopes and elementary geochemistry of rocks from the early Eocene Lulehe Formation to the Miocene Youshashan Formation in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, shows important variations in the Rb/Sr, MgO/CaO, Sr/Cu, and V/Cr ratios, together with CMI and CIA, which are interpreted as reflecting relevant regional climate and environmental changes. Combining the above mentioned parameters, we reconstructed the evolution of the sedimentary environment in the Qaidam Basin. The climate is roughly divided into four stages: (1) warm and humid; (2) cold and dry; (3) alternations of cold and dry with warm and humid; and (4) cold and arid. At the same time, there are also minor short-term changes of dry, wet, cold, and warm in each stage. The early Eocene to Miocene climate changes in the Qaidam Basin were mainly affected by global climate changes, the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the long-lasting plate collision, but there was no continuous drought due to the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. From the early Eocene to the late Miocene, the climate of the Qaidam Basin became warm and humid.
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Alipour, Bahareh, Maryam Karami, and Parisa Heidarnejad. "Dynamic simulation of the performance of a solar assisted heat pump in different climates." International Journal of New Findings in Engineering, Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.61150/ijonfest.2024020108.
Abstract:
One method to reduce energy consumption in buildings is using solar-assisted heat pumps, in which the combination of heat pump and solar collector is used to improve the thermal performance. In this paper, TRNSYS and EES software are used to simulate the performance of an indirect expansion solar-assisted heat pump. Dynamic simulation of the system is performed by changing parameters such as the mass flow rate of the collector working fluid and the collector area in five climates including Hot/Dry, Cold/Dry, Moderate/Humid, Hot/semi-Humid, and Hot/Humid. The results show that, in January, the Cold/Dry climate had the lowest free energy ratio (FER) because of the high space heating load. In this month, the Hot/semi-Humid climate has the highest FER, because of the higher solar radiation and no need for space heating. The annual FER in the Hot/Dry zone is 71% which is higher than that of other zones. The lowest FER is related to Moderate/Humid climate due to high humidity and cloudiness.
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Abakumov, Evgeny, Nobihudu Fujitake, and Takashi Kosaki. "Humus and Humic Acids of Luvisol and Cambisol of Jiguli Ridges, Samara Region, Russia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/671359.
Abstract:
Luvisols and Cambisols are two types of sub-boreal soils, which are known as continental and humid-ocean types of soils in deciduous forests respectively. Morphological features of soil, which are frequently used as the main argument in solum diagnostics, are subjective and do not give final decision that continental Cambisols are a specific type of soils different from Luvisols. These soils were studied in a mountain massive—Jiguli ridges of Samara region, Russia, East European part. Humid climate of northern slopes leads to formation of brown type of humic acids (HA), while the conditions of eastern slopes assist to formation of gray HA. These HAs of different soils are different in elemental composition (C and N are higher in Cambisols, O is higher in Luvisols), carbon species according to 13-C NMR (aromaticity is higher in Luvisols, while the aliphatic, carbonylic and carboxylic compounds are higher in Cambisols). Cambisols are characterized by dominance of fulvic acids (FAs) on HAs, while the ratio of HA to FA groups in Luvisols is about 1,0. Essential differences in humus composition and humic acids properties confirm that local humid climate in continental forest-steppe leads to formation of Cambisols instead of zonal Luvisols.
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Kozak, Ihor, Patrycja Czekajska, Hanna Kozak, Adam Stępień, and Piotr Kociuba. "Simulation of Scots pine stand dynamics under climate change conditions in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of Roztocze." Forest Research Papers 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0021.
Abstract:
Abstract The study was conducted in the Polish (Roztoczanski National Park) and Ukrainian (Rava-Rus’ka Landscape Reserve and Yavorivskyi National Park) parts of the Roztocze region. In each of these locations three research areas were established in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands under similar ecological conditions. The purpose of this study was to carry out a survey of possible scenarios for pine stand dynamics in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of Roztocze using the FORKOME model. A control scenario was compared with four other climate change scenarios (warm dry and warm humid; cold dry and cold humid) for a period of covering the next 100 years. Using the control scenario, the FORKOME model predicted that for the next 100 years pine stands will dominate in terms of biomass and number of trees. The warm-dry and warm-humid climate scenarios resulted in slightly reduced biomass of pine stands. However pine would still maintain its dominance, although with a noticeable increase in beech and fir biomass. Nevertheless, in term of the number of trees during the second half of the simulation, it is beech and fir that dominate stand 1 in Roztoczanski National Park. Under the climate cooling scenario (cold dry and cold humid), the biomass of pine and spruce would increase during the next 100 years. Pine trees that would dominate in terms of their numbers, although the number of spruce individuals also tends to increase. The results presented in the paper indicate that the FORKOME model is very useful when investigating different climate changes scenarios in the Roztocze region.