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Journal articles on the topic 'Coke'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Zambrano, Naydu P., Liseth J. Duarte, Juan Carlos Poveda-Jaramillo, Hector J. Picón, Fernando Martínez Ortega, and Martha Eugenia Niño-Gómez. "Delayed Coker Coke Characterization: Correlation between Process Conditions, Coke Composition, and Morphology." Energy & Fuels 32, no. 3 (December 19, 2017): 2722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02788.

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2

Qin, Yuelin, Qingfeng Ling, Wenchao He, Jinglan Hu, and Xin Li. "Metallurgical Coke Combustion with Different Reactivity under Nonisothermal Conditions: A Kinetic Study." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030987.

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The combustion characteristics and kinetics of high- and low-reactivity metallurgical cokes in an air atmosphere were studied by thermogravimetric instrument. The Coats–Redfern, FWO, and Vyazovkin integral methods were used to analyze the kinetics of the cokes, and the kinetic parameters of high- and low-reactivity metallurgical cokes were compared. The results show that the heating rate affected the comprehensive combustion index and combustion reaction temperature range of the cokes. The ignition temperature, burnout temperature, combustion characteristics, and maximum weight-loss rate of low-reactivity coke (L-Coke) were better than high-reactivity coke (H-Coke). Low-reactivity coke had better thermal stability and combustion characteristics. At the same time, it was calculated via three kinetic analysis methods that the combustion activation energy gradually decreased with the progress of the reaction. The coke combustion activation energy calculated by the Coats–Redfern method was larger than the coke combustion activation energy calculated by the FWO and Vyazovkin methods, but the laws were consistent. The activation energy of L-Coke was about 4~8 kJ/mol more than that of H-Coke.

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3

Meng, Qingbo, Fanyu Meng, Li Zhan, Xiuli Xu, Jianglong Yu, and Qi Wang. "Attempts to replace nut coke with semi-coke for blast furnace ironmaking." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 3 (2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021026.

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Low coke rate for blast furnace operation has been required in response to the rising cost of coking coals. To extend the utilisation of coal resources, semi-coke has been introduced to blast furnace ironmaking process in recent years, however, there are still many issues unclear about the effect of semi-coke on ironmaking process. In this study, the possibilities of using semi-coke as alternative fuel for nut coke were studied. The characteristics of semi-coke including mechanical strength, high-temperature strength/reactivity, carbon gasification as well as direct reduction were studied and compared with small size metallurgical cokes (nut cokes). The results showed that semi-coke has higher CRI values, especially at higher temperatures and in a mix-charging pattern. Semi-coke was found to have a higher gasification reaction rate and depleted at lower temperatures. The reduction results showed that with participating of semi-coke the reaction starts at lower temperatures. In addition, the study suggested that semi-coke exhibits the advantages of low ash and sulphur contents, although it has lower mechanical strength, it would protect the lump coke by shifting the carbon gasification to itself, therefore, mixing semi-coke would benefit the blast furnace operation and lower the coke rate.

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4

Wu, Ji, Cai Liang, Xiushi Gan, Minghui Xie, Zhe Jiang, Zhenxing Zhao, and Xu Wang. "Study on deterioration behavior of coke during gasification." Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, no. 6 (2023): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023078.

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The reaction temperature and time on the carbon loss of coke during CO2 gasification were studied. The results showed that there were significant correlations among the reactivity, pulverization rate, and wear resistance. The degree of variation in pulverization rate and wear resistance revealed that coke reactivity changed dramatically as reaction temperature rose. The temperature was also the key factor for coke graphitization. The evolution of the inorganic minerals and pore wall microstructure was investigated after coke gasification. The migration and accumulation of inorganic minerals, such as mullite, calcium ferrite, and iron oxide in coke, were discovered to catalyze the deterioration of the coke pore wall, resulting in the coke powder formation. The graphitization degree of the skin layer was greater than that of the core after high-temperature reactions, which accelerated skin layer separation from the core.

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5

Sun, Zhang, Jiawei Han, Yang Sun, Minghui Dou, Rui Guo, and Yinghua Liang. "Effect of Ca/Fe additives on the serial reactions of coke and sinter with CO₂." Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, no. 2 (2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023005.

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To investigate the effect of Ca/Fe additives on the coke-sinter serial reaction with CO2, the serial reactions of the high-reactivity cokes with Ca/Fe additives and sinter were studied. The results showed that the Ca/Fe additives promote the coupling degree of sinter-coke serial reaction. The reduction degree of sinter has a linear correlation with the carbon loss ratio of coke, and the intercept (b) and slope (k) obtained from the fitting linear function are used to characterize the serial reaction. The intercept (b) increases with the carbon loss ratio of coke derived from CRI, which indicated that b value can represent the intrinsic ability of coke to reduce oxygen atom in iron ore. The slope (k) decreases with the increase of carbon loss ratio of coke, and k value can characterize the matching degree of the sinter-coke serial reaction. Also, the Ca/Fe additives lower the OTI index of cokes, and the solution-loss reactions are easy to take place on the surface of the high-reactivity cokes. The Ca additive has more effect on the large pore evolution of coke structures during reaction than the Fe additive. Therefore, the Ca additive has more catalytic activity than the Fe additive, and the high-reactivity coke should be mixed with the high-reducibility ore to get higher efficiency of blast furnace.

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6

Yan, Ruijun, Zhenggen Liu, Mansheng Chu, and Peijun Liu. "Behaviors and kinetics of non-isothermal gasification reaction of cokes with different reactivity." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 6 (2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022089.

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Due to the great difference of coke properties used in blast furnaces, how to reasonably evaluate coke has become a hotspot. In this study, the non-isothermal gasification behaviors and kinetics of cokes with different reactivity are studied, which provides theoretical basis for reasonable coke evaluation. The coke reactivity index of coke A, B and C are 24.75%, 30.80% and 41.25%, respectively. The FWO method is used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The results show that coke reactivity has little influence on gasification reaction starting temperature at lower heating rate. The starting temperature decrease gradually with coke reactivity at higher heating rate. Under the same conditions, the alkali index and microcrystalline structure of cokes can better characterize the coke reactivity. The gasification mechanism does not change with coke reactivity. The reaction is divided into two stages. In the early stage, the average apparent activation energy E of coke powder A, B and C are 211.52 kJ/mol, 214.96 kJ/mol 208.99 kJ/mol, respectively. The optimal mechanism models are all F model, in which the integral form is G(α) = (1–α)−1–1. In the later stage, the average E of coke powder A, B and C are 226.89 kJ/mol, 207.53 kJ/mol and 192.12 kJ/mol, respectively. The optimal models are all A1 model, in which the integral form is G(α) = –ln(1–α).

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7

Silva, A. C., C. McGreavy, and M. F. Sugaya. "Coke bed structure in a delayed coker." Carbon 38, no. 15 (2000): 2061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00059-2.

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8

Amamoto, Kazuma. "Coke strength development in the coke oven." Fuel 76, no. 1 (January 1997): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(96)00179-2.

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9

Ghosh, B., B. K. Sahoo, O. S. Niyogi, B. Chakraborty, K. K. Manjhi, T. K. Das, and S. K. Das. "Coke Structure Evaluation for BF Coke Making." International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 38, no. 6 (July 10, 2017): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2017.1340883.

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10

Burmistrz, Piotr, Andrzej Rozwadowski, Michał Burmistrz, and Aleksander Karcz. "Coke dust enhances coke plant wastewater treatment." Chemosphere 117 (December 2014): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.025.

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11

Amamoto, Kazuma. "Coke strength development in the coke oven. 2. Homogenizing the strength of coke throughout the coke oven chamber." Fuel 76, no. 2 (January 1997): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(96)00200-1.

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12

Lv, Qing Q., Yong S. Tian, Ping Du, Jun L. Zhou, and Guang H. Wang. "A study on the characteristics of coke in the hearth of a superlarge blast furnace." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e0247051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247051.

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An in-depth study on the characteristics of coke in the hearths of blast furnaces is of great significance for explaining the mechanism of coke deterioration in blast furnaces. In the present work, the changes in macromorphology, degree of graphitization, and microstructure of the coke taken from different hearth locations of a 5,800 m3 superlarge blast furnace during its intermediate repair period were systematically studied. Significant differences were found between cokes obtained from the edge (“edge coke”) and from the center (“center coke”) of the hearth in terms of properties and degradation mechanisms. Edge coke was severely eroded by liquid metal, and only a small amount of slag was detected in the coke porosity, whereas center coke was basically free from erosion by liquid metal, and a large amount of slag was detected in the coke porosity. The degree of graphitization of edge coke was higher than that of center coke. The carburizing effect of liquid metal was the main cause of the degradation of edge coke and made it smaller or even disappear. Center coke was degraded due to the combination of two factors: slag inserted into micropores on the surface of center coke loosened the surface structure; and graphite-like flakes that appeared on the center coke surface lowered the strength and caused cracks in the surface.

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13

Li, Yan, Guoshun Wang, Zhaohao Li, Jiahai Yuan, Dan Gao, and Heng Zhang. "A Life Cycle Analysis of Deploying Coking Technology to Utilize Low-Rank Coal in China." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 4884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124884.

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At present, the excess capacity in China’s coke industry can be deployed to utilize some low-rank coal, replacing coking coal with potential economic gains, energy efficiency, and environmental benefits. This study presents a life cycle analysis to model these potential benefits by comparing a metallurgical coke technical pathway with technical pathways of gasification coke integrated with different chemical productions. The results show that producing gasification coke is a feasible technical pathway for the transformation and development of the coke industry. However, its economic feasibility depends on the price of cokes and coals. The gasification coke production has higher energy consumption and CO2 emissions because of its lower coke yield. Generally speaking, using gasification coke to produce F-T oils has higher economic benefits than producing methanol, but has lower energy efficiency and higher carbon emissions.

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14

Yu, Dongsheng, Rui Guo, Yinghua Liang, Lianji Liu, and Peng Chen. "Effects of alkali metal on solution loss and coke degradation." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019041.

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To research the effect of alkali metals on the solution-loss rate and coke strength after reaction, potassium and sodium vapors were prepared by a high-temperature thermal-reduction method, and the thermal properties of four industrial cokes that absorbed potassium and sodium vapor were studied. The thermal properties include the traditional thermal-property indices, coke reactive index and coke strength after reaction, and the coke strength after a 25% mass loss, which is obtained by a continuous thermogravimetric test. Results show that because of the different adsorption mode, the catalytic effect of potassium and sodium is different. During the early stages of the solution-loss reaction, the reaction rate of the potassium-rich coke is higher than that of the sodium-rich coke, but the reaction rate decreases rapidly. The reaction rate of the sodium-rich coke in the later stage of the reaction is higher than that of the potassium-rich coke. The coke strength after reaction of the alkali-rich coke is low, mainly because of the high carbon-solution loss. The coke strength after the 25% mass loss of potassium-rich coke was higher than that of the original coke because the solution reaction was closer to the surface reaction.

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15

Li, Qiu Yi, Ping Zhang, Song Gao, and Hui Du. "Experimental Research on Making Aerated Concrete by Petroleum Coke Desulfuration Residue." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.799.

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Petroleum coke desulfuration residue, from combustion desulfuration of high sulfur petroleum coke, presents drying powdery and a favorable cementing performance. Lime and gypsum are replaced by petroleum coke desulfuration residue to produce aerated concrete in this research. The experimental results indicate that products made of high-sulfur petroleum coke desulfuration residue satisfy the requirements in national code of autoclaved aerated concrete [1] (GB11968-2006) and has better performance than traditional lime aerated concrete products. Consequently, the application of high-sulfur petroleum coke desulfuration residue in aerated concrete broadens the resourcelized utilization of petroleum coke desulfuration residue, and solves the scarcity of building materials resources. It ought to have expansive application prospect because of remarkable economic, social, and environmental benefits.

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16

El-Tawil, Asmaa A., Bo Björkman, Maria Lundgren, and Lena Sundqvist Ökvist. "The Effect of Bio-Coal Agglomeration and High-Fluidity Coking Coal on Bio-Coke Quality." Metals 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010175.

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Metallurgical coke with high strength and low reactivity is used in the ironmaking blast furnace. Replacement of some coking coal with bio-coal was shown to result in lower strength and higher reactivity of produced coke due to introduction of reactive bio-coal carbon and ash components catalyzing the Boudouard reaction, but also due to lowering of the coking coal blend fluidity, which influences coke strength and reactivity negatively. The current study aims to investigate the possibility to counteract negative impact from bio-coal addition on fluidity and coke reactivity by using high-fluidity coking coal and by agglomeration of bio-coal before addition. Original bio-coal and micro-agglomerate of bio-coal was added at 10%, 15% and 20% to the coking coal blend. The influence of bio-coals on the coke reactivity was measured by using CO2 in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Selected cokes and bio-cokes were produced in technical scale, and their reactivity and strength were measured in standard tests. The effect on dilatation of adding bio-coal or crushed agglomerates of bio-coal to the coking coal blends was measured in an optical dilatometer. The results show that by using a coking coal blend containing high-fluidity coal with agglomerated bio-coal, the max. contraction is increased, whereas the opposite occurs by using original bio-coal. The results show overlapping between contraction occurring before dilatation and during dilation, which affects max. dilatation. The bio-coke containing high-fluidity coal with agglomerated bio-coal has lower reactivity in comparison to bio-cokes with original bio-coal or bio-coke with agglomerated bio-coal produced from a coking coal blend without high-fluidity coal. The reactivity of coke produced in technical scale, as measured in CRI/CSR tests, shows a similar trend regarding reactivity, as measured by thermogravimetric analysis, on coke produced in laboratory scale.

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17

Hu, Zhongjie, Heng Zhou, Weili Zhang, and Shengli Wu. "The Influence of the Porous Structure of Activated Coke for the Treatment of Gases from Coal Combustion on Its Mechanical Strength." Processes 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080900.

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This study investigated influences of the open/close states of pores and porosity distribution of activated coke on the mechanical strength of common activated coke for the purification of coal-fired flue gas by analyzing pore structure, abrasive resistance, and compression strengths of 9 types of desulfurization and denitration activated cokes. Research conclusions are conducive to disclosing the influences of porosity characteristics of activated coke for the purification of coal-fired flue gas on mechanical strength, decreasing the physical consumption of activated coke in the recycling of flue gas purification systems, and lowering the purification cost of coal-fired flue gas. According to research results, pores in the ranges of 0–2 nm and 2–500 nm of activated coke are further developed after recycling using the coal-fired flue gas purification system, and the average compression strength of activated coke is about 70% of the added fresh activated coke. However, the abrasive resistance of the recycled activated coke which has a smooth surface is higher than that of the fresh activated coke. Open pores are the main cause of reduced compression strength of activated coke. Open pores in the range of 2–500 nm can destroy the compression strength of activated coke the most. The open/close states of pores cause no significant impacts on the abrasive resistance of activated coke, but pores with diameters ranging from 0–2 nm can destroy the abrasive resistance of activated coke most significantly.

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18

Belousova, Olga V., and Ksenia V. Kostina. "The Study of Destructible Annealed Anode Paste in the Current CO₂." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.699.

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The article is devoted to the study of destructibility of the annealed anode paste of different composition in the CO2 current. It is shown that the destructibility of CO2 current of petroleum coke is much less than that of pitch coke. The comparison of the qualitative characteristics of the anode paste on the basis of pitch coke and petroleum coke revealed the advantage of petroleum coke, due to its low sodium content. The average destructibility of the anode paste on the basis of different grades of cokes in the CO2 current is determined. The conducted semi-industrial tests were in good agreement with the laboratory studies.

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19

Wang, Peng, Jian-liang Zhang, and Bing Gao. "Gasification Reaction Characteristics of Ferro-Coke at Elevated Temperatures." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0112.

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AbstractIn this paper, the effects of temperature and atmosphere on the gasification reaction of ferro-coke were investigated in consideration of the actual blast furnace conditions. Besides, the microstructure of the cokes was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is found that the weight loss of ferro-coke during the gasification reaction is significantly enhanced in the case of increasing either the reaction temperature or the CO2 concentration. Furthermore, compared with the normal type of metallurgical coke, ferro-coke exhibits a higher weight loss when they are gasified at the same temperature or under the same atmosphere. As to the microstructure, inside the reacted ferro-coke are a large amount of pores. Contrary to the normal coke, the proportions of the large-size pores and the through holes are greatly increased after gasification, giving rise to thinner pore walls and hence a degradation in coke strength after reaction (CSR).

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20

Liss, Andrea. "Classic Coke." Afterimage 15, no. 5 (December 1, 1987): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.1987.15.5.19.

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21

Liss, Andrea. "Classic Coke." Afterimage 15, no. 5 (December 1, 1987): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.1987.15.5.19.

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22

Shimoyama, Izumi, and Kiyoshi Fukada. "Metallurgical coke." TANSO 2008, no. 235 (2008): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2008.316.

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23

Tano, Tamotsu, Kazuhisa Nakanishi, and Takashi Oyama. "Needle coke." TANSO 2009, no. 239 (2009): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2009.180.

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24

Harpham, Wendy S. "‘Killer’ Coke." Oncology Times 28, no. 21 (November 2006): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000294408.74877.ae.

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25

Shimoyama, Izumi, and Kiyoshi Fukada. "Metallurgical coke." Carbon 47, no. 4 (April 2009): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.11.027.

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26

Tano, Tamotsu, Kazuhisa Nakanishi, and Takashi Oyama. "Needle coke." Carbon 48, no. 2 (February 2010): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.09.053.

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27

Chiu, Yih-Feng, and Ming-Tzai Hong. "Coke reactivity." Fuel 64, no. 7 (July 1985): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90159-0.

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28

Gallagher, James. "Microwaving coke." Nature Energy 2, no. 10 (October 2017): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0022-y.

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29

Adams, Bethany, Rozel Arora, Euan Kitson, and Harry Wilson. "Coke Habit." Law and Humanities 10, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17521483.2016.1264190.

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30

Shulga, I. V., V. І. Meshchanin, and V. V. Vladimirenko. "Experimental study of the dependence of coke resistivity on the final coking temperature." Journal of Coal Chemistry 6 (2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2023-0-6-10-17.

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The dependence of the resistivity on the final coking temperature was studied on cokes obtained from the charge of one of the leading coke plants in Ukraine in a laboratory furnace designed by SE "UKHIN" with electric heating. The increase in the final temperature naturally contributes to an increase in coke readiness and the degree of orderliness of its structure. This is manifested in an increase in coke strength (increased resistance to grinding forces and post-reaction strength, reduced abrasion), increased coke density and porosity, reduced reactivity, volatile substance yield and specific electrical resistance. The increase in the final temperature contributes to the deepening of thermochemical polycondensation processes of coke formation, which causes the loss of additional low-molecular weight products, resulting in a slight decrease in the yield of gross coke and its sulphur content with a simultaneous increase in ash content. The previously theoretically substantiated hypothesis about the exponential nature of the dependence of the decrease in the specific electric coke with an increase in the final coking temperature was experimentally confirmed. Processing of the obtained experimental data made it possible to determine the numerical characteristics of this dependence, which makes it possible to determine the rational level of final coking temperatures when producing coke for various applications. In particular, to produce coke with a resistivity not exceeding 0.1 ohm∙cm, the final coking temperature should not be less than 957 oC. This is in line with the practice of coke production. To produce blast furnace coke with a lower resistivity, a higher temperature is required, while to produce ferroalloy coke with a higher resistivity, on the contrary, a lower temperature level is sufficient. Keywords: coal coke, electrical resistivity, final coking temperature, coke readiness, blast furnace coke, ferroalloy coke. Corresponding author I.V. Shulga, e-mail: ko@ukhin.org.ua

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31

NOMURA, Seiji, and Takashi ARIMA. "Coking Pressure and Coke Shrinkage in Coke Oven." Tetsu-to-Hagane 85, no. 4 (1999): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.85.4_289.

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32

Zhang, Hao. "Relationship of Coke Reactivity and Critical Coke Properties." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 50, no. 1 (October 30, 2018): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1438-x.

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33

Nomura, Seiji, and Takashi Arima. "Effect of coke contraction on mean coke size." Fuel 105 (March 2013): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.074.

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34

Xie, Guowei, Xinxin Zhang, Jiuju Cai, Wenqiang Sun, Ketao Zhang, and Shiyu Zhang. "Development of a Novel Shaft Dryer for Coal-Based Green Needle Coke Drying Process." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 3301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163301.

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The industry of coal-based green needle coke develops rapidly in recent years. The green coke produced by the delayed coking process usually has a moisture content of 10%–25%, which damages the calcining kiln and needle coke quality. A standing dehydration tank is currently used to reduce the moisture content of green coke. However, this process has several weaknesses such as unstable operation, large land area occupation, and low productivity. To solve this issue, a novel drying system with a shaft dryer proposed in this work is suitable for green coke drying. Moreover, the performances of the green coke are investigated to design the proposed shaft dryer. The experimental result shows that the average vertex angle of the pile of green cokes is 109.2°. The pressure drop of the dryer increases linearly with the green coke bed height, and the green coke with a larger size has a smaller pressure drop. The specific pressure drops are 5714, 5554, 5354, and 5114 Pa/m, with median green coke sizes of 26.85, 29.00, 30.45, and 31.80 mm, respectively. Tooth spacing is another important parameter which influences the mass of green coke leakage. The optimal tooth spacing and rotary speed of the rollers are determined by the required production yield.

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35

Wang, Yan, Qi Zhou, Qi Zhao, Sijian Qu, and Yuming Zhang. "Study on Relationships between Coal Microstructure and Coke Quality during Coking Process." Processes 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030724.

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Optimizing coal blending is important for high-quality development of coking industries, among which deep understanding of relationships between coal characteristics and coke quality is critical. This work selected four typical coals from Shanxi Province in China to investigate influences of their structures and properties on coke quality. Although these samples belong to coking coals, the mechanical strength and thermal strength of the corresponding cokes are quite different. Macerals in coals, especially vitrinite, have significant effect on thermal strength of cokes. The thermal strength of coke B is better than coke A, because coal A mainly contains desmocollinite and coal B has more telocollinite. The CSR of coke B, C and D is higher than 60%, indicating they possess good thermal property. In the coking process, relatively low initial softening temperature (<400 °C), wide plastic temperature range (>100 °C), smooth fluidity region and appropriate maximum fluidity is helpful to improve coke quality based on Gieseler fluidity analysis. Coal C and Coal D have lower condensation degree, shorter aliphatic chain, and more hydrogen bond, which reveals that the condensation degree and hydrogen bond play important roles on the formation of plastic mass and coke thermal strength. Coke A shows unsatisfied properties because coal A has higher condensation degree and less hydrogen bond. In addition, TG-MS and CH4 evolution characteristics also imply the volatile matter released from coal A during pyrolysis mainly comes from the covalent bond with higher bond energy, which indicates that the chemical bond of coal A is more stable than other coals.

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36

Konstanciak, Anna. "The Effect of Coke Quality on Blast Furnace Working." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2164.

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The analysis of coke quality and the effect of coke quality on blast furnace process was presented in this paper. The mechanical properties of cokes was determined by the MICUM method, the same coke samples were hot tested in the blast-furnace pre-tuyère chamber model at the Department of the Extraction and Recycling of Metals of the Czestochowa University of Technology to determine their thermo-abrasiveness ξ. Moreover, the permeability of the column of materials in the blast furnace during the use of those cokes was determined. The permeability of the materials column characterizes the “quality” of the materials, including the coke. Separating the coke features in this characteristics is possible with the remaining charge and technological conditions being stabilized. However, the high variability of charge conditions in the blast-furnace under examination distorts the existing permeabilities. Nevertheless, the dependence of the permeability on thermo-abrasiveness was “physically” correct, i.e. it decreased with increasing thermo-abrasiveness ξ, despite the small value of the coefficient of significance of this relationship.

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37

Xiao, Jin, Qifan Zhong, Fachuang Li, Jindi Huang, Yanbin Zhang, and Bingjie Wang. "Modeling the Change of Green Coke to Calcined Coke Using Qingdao High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 5 (April 24, 2015): 3345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00021.

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38

Pang, Keliang, Dongjie Liu, Ji Wu, Cai Liang, Jiliang Ma, and Qingwen Wei. "A novel hot-tamping process for producing an improved quality of coke." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019061.

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To produce superior quality of coke as compared to traditional cokemaking technologies, a novel hot-tamping technique has been developed. The quality of produced coke was assessed based on the reactivity, pore structure and microcrystalline structure. The results confirmed that the hot tamping coking process produced cokes with superior qualities as compared to traditional cokemaking and cold tamping coking. The hot-tamping cokes have good gloss, compact carbon structure, strong thermal strength and small volume of medium and small pores. This will reduce the coke reactivity by 3–4% when compared with traditional cokemaking process. The hot tamping cokes have the smallest spacing of the crystal face layers with the highest stacking height, diameter, crystal surface size, and graphitization degree that was hardly observed for the cokes from traditional cokemaking and cold tamping coking.

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39

Buczek, Bronislaw. "Properties of Spent Active Coke Particles Analysed via Comminution in Spouted Bed." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972985.

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Samples of active coke, fresh and spent after cleaning flue gases from communal waste incinerators, were investigated. The outer layers of both coke particles were separately removed by comminution in a spouted bed. The samples of both active cokes were analysed by means of densities, mercury porosimetry, and adsorption technique. Remaining cores were examined to determine the degree of consumption of coke by the sorption of hazardous emissions (SO2, HCl, and heavy metals) through its bed. Differences in contamination levels within the porous structure of the particles were estimated. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of commercial active coke in the cleaning of flue gases.

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40

Drozdnik, I. D., Yu S. Kaftan, N. B. Bidolenko, V. N. Dudyak, and I. E. Poluektov. "Production of coke with ore additives in coke furnaces." Coke and Chemistry 56, no. 3 (March 2013): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x13030046.

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41

Kimura, Yuki, Yohei Goto, and Yuko Nishibata. "Effect of Coke Breeze on Fissure Formation of Coke." ISIJ International 59, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 1488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2018-811.

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42

Jenkins, D. R., and M. R. Mahoney. "Programmed heating of coke ovens for increased coke size." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 37, no. 8 (November 2010): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030192310x12706364542948.

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43

Gardner, Kenneth D. "Diet Coke® Floats, But Classic Coke® Sinks." American Journal of Kidney Diseases 21, no. 2 (February 1993): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(12)81100-0.

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44

Mahamulkar, Shilpa, Kehua Yin, Robert J. Davis, Hirokazu Shibata, Andrzej Malek, Christopher W. Jones, and Pradeep K. Agrawal. "In Situ Generation of Radical Coke and the Role of Coke-Catalyst Contact on Coke Oxidation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55, no. 18 (May 2, 2016): 5271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00556.

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45

Liu, Xue-yan, Xing Han, Huan Cheng, Xi-Tao Yin, Rui Guo, Xue-fei Zhao, and Qi Wang. "Coal blend properties and evaluation on the quality of stamp charging coke from weakly coking blends." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 4 (2018): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017043.

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Stamp charging coking can use weakly coking coal effectively, which can cut the cost for iron and steel enterprises. However, the quality of stamp charging coke has been debated due to lower CSR index. In this paper, the correlation between blend coking properties and quality indices of stamp charging coke is given out through statistical analysis of data from coking production, the effect of blend properties and stamping on the properties of stamp charging coke is estimated through microstructure, and the strength after reaction of stamp charging coke is evaluated through temperature dependence of reacted coke strength and BF smelting. The results show that the stamping permits to use the weakly coking blend with lower G index without impairing the M10 and M40 indices, but the CSR index is decreased. Meanwhile, the reason that the stamp charging coke with lower CSR index can also be used smoothly in BF is presented. The present works are significant to guide the blending of increasing weakly coking coal and evaluate reasonably the quality of stamp charging cokes.

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46

Ibrahim, Hassan Al-Haj. "Hydrodesulphurisation of Petroleum Coke." Journal of Progress in Engineering and Physical Science 2, no. 1 (March 2023): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jpeps.2023.03.02.

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Hydrodesulphurisation in a fluidized bed offers the most attractive process for the desulphurisation of petroleum coke. Results of coke hydrodesulphurisation clearly indicate that the rate of sulphur removal is greatest at about 1100 K. The hydrodesulphurisation process is particularly effective with cokes of high sulphur content and high ash and heavy metals content, as at temperatures less than 1100 K the adverse effects of high ash and heavy metals content on desulphurisation is largely avoided. The process leads in general to increased porosity, density and surface area and improved reactivity. These properties are dependent on the sulphur concentration. The greater the amount of sulphur removed, the greater the structural changes expected in the coke treated. The weight loss is less than 10%.

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Yang, Guangzhi, Xiaoqiang Wang, Ting Shi, Xinci Wu, and Yuhua Xue. "A Simple Method of Evaluating the Thermal Properties of Metallurgical Cokes under High Temperature." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 5767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195767.

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The reactivity index of weight loss (RI) and tumbling strength after the reaction (I10600) of manufacturing coke were first tested at a temperature series of 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C under CO2 atmosphere with different compositions and duration times to study the effects of temperature, time, and gas composition on coke hot strength. Then the RI/I10600, carbon structure, and optical texture of the cokes prepared from different single coals were mainly studied after a solution reaction with CO2 under a high temperature of 1300 °C and a standard temperature of 1100 °C. It was found that temperature greatly affects the RI/I10600 of coke, especially at high temperatures up to 1300 °C. Compared with standard tests under 1100 °C, the changes of RI/I10600 for different cokes are very different at 1300 °C, and the changes are greatly related to coke optical texture. Under a high temperature in the testing method, the tumbling strength of cokes with more isotropy increased, whereas it decreased for those with less isotropy. This simple method of using high temperature could yield the same results when compared with complicated simulated blast furnace conditions.

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Zhang, Qiu Li, Xuan Cheng, Xin Zhe Lan, and Xi Cheng Zhao. "The Molding Process for Synthesizing Formed Coke with Low Rank Pulverized Coal." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2043.

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The paper investigates the molding process of producing formed coke with low rank pulverized coal. When the bentonite as binder, the technological conditions mainly including bentonite content, forming pressure, forming moisture and particle size factors which effect on the strength of formed cokes were systematically discussed and obtained the optimal conditions. Under the conditions of amount of bentonite 5%, forming pressure 40kN, moisture content 14%, and fine coal particle size<5mm the formed coke with strength of 600N/ball was prepared and it satisfied the standard of gasification behavior of formed coke.

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Asyhar, Rayandra, and Nofrizal Jon. "PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU AKTIVASI TERHADAP KAPASITAS ADSORPSI KOKAS MINYAK BUMI." Jurnal Riset Kimia 1, no. 2 (February 11, 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v1i2.64.

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ABSTRACT The effect of activation temperature and duration on the activity of petroleum coke has been investigated. A mixture of green coke and KOH (1:1) was heated in an oven furnace at 450°C for 1 h, then continued to activation process at 450-900°C for 1-3 h. The product mixture was immersed in a solution of 10% H2SO4 before being washed with deionized water to neutral pH. After being dried, activated cokes were tested with a solution of phenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol or methylen blue. Experimental data showed that the activity of coke imcreased with temperature and time. The effective condition of the activation process is at temperatures higher than 750°C and activation time of longer than 1,5 h. Adsorptive behavior of phenolics dan metylene blue onto activated coke agreed with Langmuir rather than with Freundlich isotherm. Keywords: temperature effect, activation time, petroleum coke, adsorption capacity, phenolics, methylen blue.

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50

Anthony, E. J., K. Anderson, R. Carson, and I. T. Lau. "Petroleum Coke and Coal Start-Up Testing in Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustors." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794982.

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Bench-scale and 160 MWe demonstration tests were conducted for petroleum coke and high volatile bituminous coal blends. The bench-scale apparatus was a 100-mm-dia reactor located at the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), Energy Research Laboratories. The demonstration tests were conducted on the Tennessee Valley Authority’s (TVA) 160 MWe Shawnee Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion (AFBC) Unit located at Paducah, Kentucky. Five and ten percent nominal volatile petroleum cokes were tested in the bench-scale unit. In addition, for the five-percent petroleum coke blends of 25, 50, and 75-percent petroleum coke, with the balance coal, were also examined at the bench scale. Eight start-up tests have been conducted with 50 percent blend of green delayed petroleum coke at the Shawnee AFBC unit. The bench-scale tests revealed that the volatile content in the petroleum coke was the primary factor affecting start-up. The tests showed that the volatile content from the coke and coal ignited at similar times; the char required longer to ignite. Bench-scale tests showed adequate start-up performance with blends up to 75 percent petroleum coke. Cold start-ups were conducted at the Shawnee AFBC Unit with 7 to 10 percent volatile green delayed petroleum coke. In all the start-ups, the operating temperature of 816°C was reached within 15 min of introducing the petroleum coke blend; this is similar to when high volatile bituminous coal was used. One start-up required a longer time because limestone had to be used to generate the bed. Local hot spots (982°C) were noticed in several start-ups for short periods, but subsided when additional air was supplied. Although more difficult to control, TVA routinely starts the Shawnee AFBC Unit with 50 percent shot petroleum coke and 50 percent high volatile bituminous coal.

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