Academic literature on the topic 'Coke size classes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coke size classes"
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Miroshnichenko, I. V., V. V. Gavrilyuk, D. V. Miroshnichenko, and I. V. Shulga. "DISTRIBUTION OF CALORIFIC VALUE BY COKE SIZE CLASS." Journal of Coal Chemistry 2 (2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-2-4-14.
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As is known, the specificity of the layered coking process causes the development of fracturing, which determines the formation of the granulometric composition of the coke. The article presents and analyzes data on the physicochemical properties of coke of various size classes. The expediency of studying the values of the calorific value for different classes of the size of blast furnace coke has been substantiated. For this purpose, ramp coke was taken from batteries that were significantly different in size. In particular, coke oven battery I has almost twice the useful volume of coking chambers and, accordingly, the design capacity than coke oven battery II. In addition, the height of the chambers of coke oven battery I is 7000 mm, and that of coke oven battery II is 4300 mm. The above circumstances must be taken into account when evaluating the heat of combustion of various size classes of blast furnace coke. The composition of the investigated charge consisted of classic grades of coals, which are characterized by their inherent set of quality indicators. The charge for battery I was characterized by a lower burst pressure. It is shown that the value of the highest calorific value of wet quenching blast furnace coke undergoes significant changes depending on the size. Size classes less than 25 mm are characterized by maximum values of the gross calorific value, which reach 33.0 MJ/kg and more. The level of "readiness" of coke, expressed by the value of the yield of volatile substances and the actual density of the coke, significantly affects the value of the highest calorific value. Less "finished" blast furnace coke is characterized by higher values of the gross calorific value for all particle sizes. It is concluded that the value of the highest calorific value of blast furnace coke can serve as a criterion (in addition to those already available) for assessing the degree of "readiness" of blast furnace coke. Keywords: coal, coke, coke size classes, degree of readiness, heat of combustion. Corresponding author Miroshnichenko I.V., e-mail: igor.miroshnichenko@azovstal.com.ua
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Muchnik, D. A. "Regulating the strength of coke of different size classes." Coke and Chemistry 51, no. 6 (June 2008): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x08060045.
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Mukina, N. V., A. P. Chernousova, D. V. Miroshnichenko, N. А. Desna, A. V. Sytnik, and V. V. Koval. "Preparation of coal charge for coke battery complex №. 5, 6 at Coke Production of PJSC «ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih»." Journal of Coal Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2021): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-3-8-20.
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PREPARATION OF COAL CHARGE FOR COKE BATTERY COMPLEX NO. 5, 6 AT COKE PRODUCTION OF PJSC «ARCELORMITTAL KRYVYI RIH» © N.V. Mukina, A.P. Chernousova (Coke Production of PJSC «ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih», 50095, Dnipropetrovsk region, Kryvyi Rih, Kryvorizhstal str., 1, Ukraine), D.V. Miroshnichenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences (NTU "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", 61002, Kharkov, Kirpicheva st, 2, Ukraine), N.А. Desna, PhD in technical sciences, A.V. Sytnik, PhD in technical sciences, V.V. Koval (State Enterprise "Ukrainian State Research Coal Chemical Institute (UHIN)", 61023, Kharkov, Vesnina st., 7, Ukraine) The article highlights the methodological foundations and the results of research on the development of criteria and practical recommendations aimed at optimizing the composition of coal charges of coke oven batteries No. 5, 6 of the coke-chemical production of РJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih" to obtain coke of the required quality from the rammed charge. The defining indicator of the production of coke using the technology of compaction of coal charges is the strength of the compacted cake. The most successful way to determine this indicator is to assess the strength by an indirect method according to the value of the shear strength (ϭss) of rammed batch samples in laboratory conditions. This method allows to identify changes in the strength of the coal cake and take the necessary measures to prevent or minimize the number of collapses during loading. The article gives images of installations for laboratory compaction of coal charge and determination of the shear strength of the resulting cake; the methodology for determining this indicator is given. As a result of the above studies, it has been established that the density of the tamped cake from crushed individual coals included in the raw material base of the by-product coke production of РJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih" is closely related to the content in coal raw materials of classes <3 and <0.5 mm. An increase in the content of classes <3 and <0.5 mm leads to an increase in the index ϭss. It is also shown that the actual values of ϭss for binary coal mixtures are higher than the calculated ones. It has been established that with an increase in the level of grinding of coal charges from 90,1 to 92,2 %, an increase in the value of the index ϭss is observed from 12.5 to 15.0 кРа, that is, by 20 %. With an increase in the moisture content of the charge from 10,0 to 11,5 %, the strength of the compacted cake increases. An increase in the moisture content above 12 % is undesirable due to a decrease in the strength of the rammed coal cake, as well as an increase in heat consumption for coking due to the consumption of moisture evaporation. Keywords: coal, preparation, shear strength of the rammed cake, moisture content, particle size distribution. Corresponding author N.V. Mukina, е-mail: Natalia.Mukina@arcelormittal.com
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Mukina, N. V., A. P. Chernousova, D. V. Miroshnichenko, N. А. Desna, A. V. Sytnik, and V. V. Koval. "Preparation of coal charge for coke battery complex №. 5, 6 at Coke Production of PJSC «ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih»." Journal of Coal Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2021): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-3-8-20.
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PREPARATION OF COAL CHARGE FOR COKE BATTERY COMPLEX NO. 5, 6 AT COKE PRODUCTION OF PJSC «ARCELORMITTAL KRYVYI RIH» © N.V. Mukina, A.P. Chernousova (Coke Production of PJSC «ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih», 50095, Dnipropetrovsk region, Kryvyi Rih, Kryvorizhstal str., 1, Ukraine), D.V. Miroshnichenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences (NTU "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", 61002, Kharkov, Kirpicheva st, 2, Ukraine), N.А. Desna, PhD in technical sciences, A.V. Sytnik, PhD in technical sciences, V.V. Koval (State Enterprise "Ukrainian State Research Coal Chemical Institute (UHIN)", 61023, Kharkov, Vesnina st., 7, Ukraine) The article highlights the methodological foundations and the results of research on the development of criteria and practical recommendations aimed at optimizing the composition of coal charges of coke oven batteries No. 5, 6 of the coke-chemical production of РJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih" to obtain coke of the required quality from the rammed charge. The defining indicator of the production of coke using the technology of compaction of coal charges is the strength of the compacted cake. The most successful way to determine this indicator is to assess the strength by an indirect method according to the value of the shear strength (ϭss) of rammed batch samples in laboratory conditions. This method allows to identify changes in the strength of the coal cake and take the necessary measures to prevent or minimize the number of collapses during loading. The article gives images of installations for laboratory compaction of coal charge and determination of the shear strength of the resulting cake; the methodology for determining this indicator is given. As a result of the above studies, it has been established that the density of the tamped cake from crushed individual coals included in the raw material base of the by-product coke production of РJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih" is closely related to the content in coal raw materials of classes <3 and <0.5 mm. An increase in the content of classes <3 and <0.5 mm leads to an increase in the index ϭss. It is also shown that the actual values of ϭss for binary coal mixtures are higher than the calculated ones. It has been established that with an increase in the level of grinding of coal charges from 90,1 to 92,2 %, an increase in the value of the index ϭss is observed from 12.5 to 15.0 кРа, that is, by 20 %. With an increase in the moisture content of the charge from 10,0 to 11,5 %, the strength of the compacted cake increases. An increase in the moisture content above 12 % is undesirable due to a decrease in the strength of the rammed coal cake, as well as an increase in heat consumption for coking due to the consumption of moisture evaporation. Keywords: coal, preparation, shear strength of the rammed cake, moisture content, particle size distribution. Corresponding author N.V. Mukina, е-mail: Natalia.Mukina@arcelormittal.com
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Bubnova, Olena, and Oleksandr Shevchenko. "Reduction of technogenic load from sludge collectors due to separation and dehydration of the stored material." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900010.
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Purpose: the identification of geomechanical problems of mining industry wastes accumulation and substantiation of the ways for their solution with the possibility of processing the watery technogenic feedstock. It has been shown that in order to reduce the technogenic load, it is necessary to reduce the area of land under the waste ponds and the accumulated volumes themselves of mining and enrichment wastes. It has been revealed that the mineral stock, formed from wide grain-size classes with a high content of particles less than 0.2 mm, is dewatered up to 18 – 22 % by traditional methods and is practically not classified. A mathematical model has been proposed of screening and dewatering kinetics, which takes into account comprehensively the initial distribution of particles and liquid throughout the height of the screened material layer, segregation, mixing, sifting, vibrational transportation features and change in the height of the layer. The use of technology will allow: increase the economic efficiency of enterprises; to expand the feedstock base for construction, coke and chemical industries and power industry; to solve the problems of creating additional containers for storing the wastes; to improve significantly the environmental situation in the mining and processing regions.
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Stohlgren, Thomas J. "Spatial patterns of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendrongiganteum) in two sequoia groves in Sequoia National Park, California." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-019.
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Although Muir Grove and Castle Creek Grove are similar in area, elevation, and number of giant sequoias, various spatial pattern analysis techniques showed that they had dissimilar spatial patterns for similar-sized trees. Two-dimensional and transect two-term local quadrat variance techniques detected general trends in the spatial patterns of different-sized trees, detected multiple-scale patterns within individual size classes, and provided information on the scale and intensity of patches of individual size classes of trees in Muir and Castle Creek groves. In Muir Grove, midsized sequoias (1.5 to 2.4 m DBH classes) had major pattern scales 350–450 m in diameter, whereas the same-sized trees in Castle Creek Grove had pattern scales >1000 m in diameter. Many size classes of trees had minor patches superimposed on larger scale patterns in both groves. There may be different recruitment patterns in core (i.e., central) areas compared with peripheral areas of sequoia groves; core areas of both groves had more small live sequoias and dead sequoias than peripheral areas of the groves. Higher densities of sequoias and, perhaps, more rapid turnover of individuals in core areas may indicate (i) differences in disturbance histories and favorability of microsites in the core and peripheral areas of groves; (ii) different responses to disturbance due to shifts in the species composition of the stand and thus, the relative influences of intra- to inter-specific competition; or (iii) slower growth or lower survivorship rates in marginal habitat (i.e., peripheral areas).
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Holzer, Thomas L., Amy C. Padovani, Michael J. Bennett, Thomas E. Noce, and John C. Tinsley. "Mapping NEHRP VS30 Site Classes." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 2 (May 2005): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1895726.
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Site-amplification potential in a 140-km2 area on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, California, was mapped with data from 210 seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) soundings. NEHRP VS30 values were computed on a 50-m grid by both taking into account the thickness and using mean values of locally measured shear-wave velocities of shallow geologic units. The resulting map of NEHRP VS30 site classes differs from other published maps that (1) do not include unit thickness and (2) are based on regional compilations of velocity. Although much of the area in the new map is now classified as NEHRP Site Class D, the velocities of the geologic deposits within this area are either near the upper or lower VS30 boundary of Class D. If maps of NEHRP site classes are to be based on geologic maps, velocity distributions of geologic units may need to be considered in the definition of VS30 boundaries of NEHRP site classes.
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Sommarin, Y., and D. Heinegård. "Four classes of cell-associated proteoglycans in suspension cultures of articular-cartilage chondrocytes." Biochemical Journal 233, no. 3 (February 1, 1986): 809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2330809.
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The characteristics of cell-associated proteoglycans were studied and compared with those from the medium in suspension cultures of calf articular-cartilage chondrocytes. By including hyaluronic acid or proteoglycan in the medium during [35S]sulphate labelling the proportion of cell-surface-associated proteoglycans could be decreased from 34% to about 15% of all incorporated label. A pulse-chase experiment indicated that this decrease was probably due to blocking of the reassociation with the cells of proteoglycans exported to the medium. Three peaks of [35S]sulphate-labelled proteoglycans from cell extracts and two from the medium were isolated by gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-500. These were characterized by agarose/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of core proteins, by glycosaminoglycan composition and chain size as well as by distribution of glycosaminoglycans in proteolytic fragments. The results showed that associated with the cells were (a) large proteoglycans, typical for cartilage, apparently bound to hyaluronic acid at the cell surface, (b) an intermediate-size proteoglycan with chondroitin sulphate side chains (this proteoglycan, which had a large core protein, was only found associated with the cells and is apparently not related to the large proteoglycans), (c) a small proteoglycan with dermatan sulphate side chains with a low degree of epimerization, and (d) a somewhat smaller proteoglycan containing heparan sulphate side chains. The medium contained a large aggregating proteoglycan of similar nature to the large cell-associated proteoglycan and small proteoglycans with dermatan sulphate side chains with a higher degree of epimerization than those of the cells, i.e. containing some 20% iduronic acid.
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Anderson, T. L., C. Linares, K. N. Dodson, and R. D. Semlitsch. "Variability in functional response curves among larval salamanders: comparisons across species and size classes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 1 (January 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0149.
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Predator species and body size represent critical factors that have differential effects on prey populations, as well as overall community structure. However, investigations of how morphologically-similar predator species, simultaneous to variation in predator body size, influence lower trophic levels are infrequently performed. We tested whether predator species and body size influenced the functional response curve of three larval ambystomatid salamanders (Ringed Salamander, Ambystoma annulatum Cope, 1886; Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw, 1802); Marbled Salamander, Ambystoma opacum (Gravenhorst, 1807)) while eating congeneric prey. We combined larval salamanders of varying body sizes with up to six prey densities within experimental microcosms. We tested for the shape of the functional response curve and obtained parameter estimates for attack rate and handling time for each predator size – species combination. We found variability among both species and size classes, with a combination of type I and type II functional response curves. Large size classes of predators had higher attack rates than smaller size classes, but equivalently-sized larvae of different species exhibited differences in attack rates and handling time. Our study shows that predation risk varies depending on the size structure and diversity of predators present in a food web, and that grouping predators by either species or size class may reduce the ability to predict changes in community structure resulting from such interactions.
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Dobry, R., R. D. Borcherdt, C. B. Crouse, I. M. Idriss, W. B. Joyner, G. R. Martin, M. S. Power, E. E. Rinne, and R. B. Seed. "New Site Coefficients and Site Classification System Used in Recent Building Seismic Code Provisions." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 1 (February 2000): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586082.
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Recent code provisions for buildings and other structures (1994 and 1997 NEHRP Provisions, 1997 UBC) have adopted new site amplification factors and a new procedure for site classification. Two amplitude-dependent site amplification factors are specified: Fa for short periods and Fv for longer periods. Previous codes included only a long period factor S and did not provide for a short period amplification factor. The new site classification system is based on definitions of five site classes in terms of a representative average shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m (V¯s). This definition permits sites to be classified unambiguously. When the shear wave velocity is not available, other soil properties such as standard penetration resistance or undrained shear strength can be used. The new site classes denoted by letters A - E, replace site classes in previous codes denoted by S1 - S4. Site classes A and B correspond to hard rock and rock, Site Class C corresponds to soft rock and very stiff / very dense soil, and Site Classes D and E correspond to stiff soil and soft soil. A sixth site class, F, is defined for soils requiring site-specific evaluations. Both Fa and Fv are functions of the site class, and also of the level of seismic hazard on rock, defined by parameters such as Aa and Av ( 1994 NEHRP Provisions), Ss and Sl ( 1997 NEHRP Provisions) or Z ( 1997 UBC). The values of Fa and Fv decrease as the seismic hazard on rock increases due to soil nonlinearity. The greatest impact of the new factors Fa and Fv as compared with the old S factors occurs in areas of low-to-medium seismic hazard. This paper summarizes the new site provisions, explains the basis for them, and discusses ongoing studies of site amplification in recent earthquakes that may influence future code developments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coke size classes"
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Мирошниченко, І. В., Денис Вікторович Мірошниченко, І. В. Шульга, and Я. С. Балаєва. "Теплота згоряння коксу." Thesis, ТОВ "Планета-Принт", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/46498.
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Значення вищої теплоти згорання доменного коксу мокрого гасіння зазнають суттєвих змін залежно від його крупності. Класи крупності менше 25 мм, характеризуються максимальними значеннями вищої теплоти згорання, що досягає 33,0 МДж/кг і більше. Рівень "готовності" коксу, виражений величиною виходу летючих речовин і дійсної щільністю коксу, значно впливає на величину вищої теплоти згорання. Менш "готовий" доменний кокс, отриманий на коксової батареї № 1 КХП ПрАТ "МК"Азовсталь", характеризується більш високими значеннями вищої теплоти згорання його класів крупності. Значення вищої теплоти згорання доменного коксу може служити критерієм (на додаток до вже наявних) оцінки ступеня "готовність" доменного коксу.The values of the higher calorific value of blast furnace coke vary significantly depending on its size. Coarseness classes of less than 25 mm are characterized by maximum values of higher heat of combustion, reaching 33.0 MJ/kg or more. The level of “readiness” of coke, expressed in terms of the volatile matter and the actual density of coke, has a significant effect on the value of the higher calorific value. Less “ready” blast furnace coke obtained on coke battery No. 1 is characterized by higher values of the higher calorific value of its fineness classes. The value of the higher calorific value of blast furnace coke can serve as a criterion (in addition to the existing ones) for assessing the degree of “readiness” of blast furnace coke.
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Gilbert, Nicolas. "CORE-SINE, une nouvelle classe de rétroposons des génomes eucaryotes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ47613.pdf.
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Gilbert, Nicolas. "Core-sine : une nouvelle classe de retroposons des génomes eucaryotes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF21134.
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Marcolin, Leonardo Araújo. "Proposição de classes de resistência para peças roliças perfiladas estruturais de Eucalyptus urograndis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-28042017-095514/.
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A madeira é um material utilizado na construção civil que passou por algumas mudanças nos últimos anos. Por um período, as espécies tropicais eram a fonte principal deste material, mas devido ao uso não racional, ela foi restringida. O espaço deixado por estas espécies na industria foi ocupado por espécies de reflorestamento. A Norma Brasileira para projeto de estruturas de madeira vem sendo atualizada, porém alguns de seus items ainda precisam ser discutidos. Este estudo tem por objetivo propor classes de resistência de peças estruturais por meio da determinação das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de uma espécie híbrida de Eucalyptus urograndis, a qual vem sendo utilizada no mercado brasileiro na construção civil. Foram estudadas algumas normas internacionais atuais para caracterização de madeira de espécies folhosas em termos dos ensaios para determinação de propriedades de peças estruturais. Uma análise comparativa dos valores das propriedades do código normativo europeu (prEN 338, 2014) e os obtidos neste trabalho foi realizada, revelando diferenças significativas entre os dois. As propriedades obtidas foram: densidade aparente, densidade básica, estabilidade dimensional (radial, tangencial, longitudinal e volumétrica), módulo de elasticidade à flexão, módulo de resistência à flexão, módulo de elasticidade à compressão paralela às fibras, resistência à compressão paralela às fibras e resistência ao cisalhamento paralelo às fibras. A amostra consistiu de 1142 peças estruturais disponibilizadas por uma indústria brasileira de florestas plantadas. As peças são provenientes de árvores com diferentes diâmetros, idade de corte e região de crescimento. Esses fatores foram analisados estatisticamente para avaliar suas influências nas propriedades.Timber is a product used on civil construction, which went through some changes in the last few years. For a long period, the tropical species were the main source, but due to a non-managed use, it was restricted. The space left by those products in the industry was replaced by the reforestation species. The Brazilian code for timber structures design has been readjusting along with these changes, although some of its items still need to be discussed. Having in mind these gaps, this study aims to determine a strength class table through the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of a hybrid species of Eucalyptus urograndis, which is widely diffused for civil construction use in the Brazilian commerce. The properties determined were apparent density, basic density, dimensional instability (radial, tangential, longitudinal and volumetric), bending modulus of elasticity, bending strength, compression modulus of elasticity (parallel to fibers), compression strength (parallel to fibers) and shear strength (parallel to fibers). The sample consists of 1142 specimens provided from a Brazilian forest industry. Each specimen went through the whole process, which is the determination of all the properties mentioned. Within the sample, the trees used had variation of the diameter, cut age and planted area, which were statistically analyzed. A strength class table for round timber was defined. The current international codes concerning hardwood grading was thoroughly analyzed, regarding its structural property tests. A comparative analysis was carried out on the values obtained with the strength values of the European code (prEN 338, 2014), which showed a significative difference.
Books on the topic "Coke size classes"
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Filmer, Deon. If you build it, will they come?: School availability and school enrollment in 21 poor countries. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.
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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., and Elena I. Mihas, eds. Genders and Classifiers. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842019.001.0001.
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Every language has some means of categorizing objects into humans, or animates, or by their shape, form, size, and function. The most wide-spread are linguistic genders—grammatical classes of nouns based on core semantic properties such as sex (female and male), animacy, humanness, and also shape and size. Classifiers of several types also serve to categorize entities. Numeral classifiers occur with number words, possessive classifiers appear in the expressions of possession, and verbal classifiers are used on a verb, categorizing its argument. Genders and classifiers of varied types can occur together. Their meanings reflect beliefs and traditions, and in many ways mirror the ways in which speakers view the ever-changing reality. This volume elaborates on the expression, usage, history, and meanings of noun categorization devices, exploring their various facets across the languages of South America and Asia, known for the diversity of their noun categorization. The volume starts with a typological introduction outlining the types of noun categorization devices, their expression, scope, and functions, in addition to the socio-cultural aspects of their use, and their development. It is followed by revised versions of eight papers focussing on gender and classifier systems in two areas of high diversity—South America (with a focus on Amazonia) and Asia.
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Lyall, Jason. Divided Armies. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691192444.001.0001.
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How do armies fight and what makes them victorious on the modern battlefield? This book challenges long-standing answers to this classic question by linking the fate of armies to their levels of inequality. Introducing the concept of military inequality, the book demonstrates how a state's prewar choices about the citizenship status of ethnic groups within its population determine subsequent battlefield performance. Treating certain ethnic groups as second-class citizens, either by subjecting them to state-sanctioned discrimination or, worse, violence, undermines interethnic trust, fuels grievances, and leads victimized soldiers to subvert military authorities once war begins. The higher an army's inequality, the book finds, the greater its rates of desertion, side-switching, casualties, and use of coercion to force soldiers to fight. The book draws on Project Mars, a new dataset of 250 conventional wars fought since 1800, to test this argument. Project Mars breaks with prior efforts by including overlooked non-Western wars while cataloguing new patterns of inequality and wartime conduct across hundreds of belligerents. The book also marshals evidence from nine wars, ranging from the Eastern Fronts of World Wars I and II to less familiar wars in Africa and Central Asia, to illustrate inequality's effects. Sounding the alarm on the dangers of inequality for battlefield performance, the book offers important lessons about warfare over the past two centuries—and for wars still to come.
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Brown, Deborah J., and Calvin G. Normore. Descartes and the Ontology of Everyday Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836810.001.0001.
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Far from being the founder of an austere reductionism, Descartes is committed to a rich, multilayered, and complex metaphysics. This book begins by locating Descartes’s work against the ancient and medieval background to which he is reacting. It proceeds to argue that his theory of distinctions requires what he explicitly endorses―that in addition to minds and modes, there are material substances of every size. These substances when appropriately configured form automata, self-sustaining, functionally integrated systems of which animals and human bodies are important sub-classes. Descartes’ conception of function, which is crucial to his characterization of these uniquely organized collections of matter, is shown to be compatible with his rejection of final causes in natural science, and gives him resources to account for composite beings which are not themselves substances. It is argued that besides automata, these composites include individual human beings, which are unions of minds and bodies individuated by minds. The unique modes which characterize the union, in particular, its passions, set the foundation for a social ontology that includes genuine social entities such as families and nation states. Societies are forged by individuals in acts of willing to join in union with others that Descartes takes to be of the essence of love. The result is a picture of Descartes very different from the myths that have come to surround him.
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Cole, Emma. Postdramatic Tragedies. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817680.001.0001.
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Ancient tragedy has played a well-documented role in contemporary theatre since the mid-twentieth century. In addition to the often-commented-upon watershed productions, however, is a significant but overlooked history involving classical tragedy in experimental and avant-garde theatre. Postdramatic Tragedies focuses upon such experimental reinventions. It analyses receptions of Greek and Roman tragedy that come under the banner of ‘postdramatic theatre’, a style of performance in which the traditional components of drama, such as character and narrative, are subordinate to the immediate, affective power of more abstract elements, such as image and sound. The book is in three parts, each of which explores classical reception within a specific strand of postdramatic theatre: text-based theatre, devised theatre, and theatre that transcends the usual boundaries of time and space, such as durational and immersive theatre. Across the three sections the author conducts a semiotic and phenomenological analysis of seven case studies, of productions from 1995 to 2015 from the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and Continental Europe. The book covers a mixture of widely known productions, such as Sarah Kane’s Phaedra’s Love, alongside works largely unknown in Anglophone scholarship, such as Martin Crimp’s Alles Weitere kennen Sie aus dem Kino and Jan Fabre’s Mount Olympus. It reveals that postdramatic theatre is related to the classics at its conceptual core, and that the study of postdramatic tragedies reveals a great deal about both the evolution of theatre in recent decades, and the status of ancient drama in modernity.
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Howe, Justine. Building the Webb Community. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190258870.003.0002.
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This chapter explores the suburban religious landscape, educational networks, and narratives of the American Muslim past out of which the Webb community emerged. It demonstrates how the suburbs are a vital site to study broader dynamics in the American Muslim community. At its heart, the Webb Foundation is built on the idea that the Chicago suburbs can be the ideal place to practice Islam. Its core membership consists of young parents who are very committed to upper-middle-class norms of intensive parenting, such as supervising homework, shuttling kids between after-school activities, and maintaining an active presence in their social lives. The American Islam they seek to create fits into these constructions of family life, enabling children and adults alike to become American Muslims in ways they believe earlier generations were either unable or unwilling to be.
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Bagnall, Kate, and Julia T. Martínez, eds. Locating Chinese Women. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528615.001.0001.
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This ground-breaking edited collection draws together Australian historical scholarship on Chinese women, their gendered migrations, and their mobile lives between China and Australia. It considers different aspects of women’s lives, both as individuals and as the wives and daughters of immigrant men. While the number of Chinese women in Australia before 1950 was relatively small, their presence was significant and often subject to public scrutiny. Moving beyond traditional representations of women as hidden and silent, this book demonstrates that Chinese Australian women in the twentieth century expressed themselves in the public eye, whether through writings, in photographs, or in political and cultural life. Their remarkable stories are often inspiring and sometimes tragic and serve to demonstrate the complexities of navigating female lives in the face of racial politics and imposed categories of gender, culture, and class. Historians of transnational Chinese migration have come to recognize Australia as a crucial site within the ‘Cantonese Pacific’, and this collection provides a new layer of gendered comparison, connecting women’s experiences in Australia with those in Canada, the United States, and New Zealand.
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Farmer, Sarah. Rural Inventions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190079079.001.0001.
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In post–World War II France, commitment to cutting-edge technological modernization and explosive economic growth uprooted rural populations and eroded the village traditions of a largely peasant nation. And yet, this book argues, rural France did not vanish in the sweeping transformations of the 1950s and 1960s. The attachment of the French to rural ways and the agricultural past became a widely shared preoccupation in the 1970s; this, in turn, became an engine of change in its own right. Though the French countryside is often imagined as stable and enduring, this book presents it as a site not just of decline and loss, but also of change and adaptation. Rural Inventions explores the rise of restored peasant houses as second residences; utopian experiments in rural communes and in going back to the land; environmentalism; the literary success of peasant autobiographies; photography; and other representations through which the French revalorized rural life and landscapes. The peasantry as a social class may have died out, but the countryside persisted, valued as a site not only for agriculture but increasingly for sport and leisure, tourism, and social and political engagement; a place to dwell part-time as well as full-time; and a natural environment worth protecting. The postwar French state and the nation’s rural and urban inhabitants remade the French countryside in relation to the city and to the world at large, invoking not only traditional France but also creating a vibrant and evolving part of the France yet to come.
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Zukin, Sharon. Naked City. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195382853.001.0001.
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As cities have gentrified, educated urbanites have come to prize what they regard as "authentic" urban life: aging buildings, art galleries, small boutiques, upscale food markets, neighborhood old-timers, funky ethnic restaurants, and old, family-owned shops. These signify a place's authenticity, in contrast to the bland standardization of the suburbs and exurbs. But as Sharon Zukin shows in Naked City, the rapid and pervasive demand for authenticity--evident in escalating real estate prices, expensive stores, and closely monitored urban streetscapes--has helped drive out the very people who first lent a neighborhood its authentic aura: immigrants, the working class, and artists. Zukin traces this economic and social evolution in six archetypal New York areas--Williamsburg, Harlem, the East Village, Union Square, Red Hook, and the city's community gardens--and travels to both the city's first IKEA store and the World Trade Center site. She shows that for followers of Jane Jacobs, this transformation is a perversion of what was supposed to happen. Indeed, Naked City is a sobering update of Jacobs' legendary 1961 book, The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Like Jacobs, Zukin looks at what gives neighborhoods a sense of place, but argues that over time, the emphasis on neighborhood distinctiveness has become a tool of economic elites to drive up real estate values and effectively force out the neighborhood "characters" that Jacobs so evocatively idealized.
Book chapters on the topic "Coke size classes"
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Bromberger, Martin, Irina Dragoste, Rasha Faqeh, Christof Fetzer, Larry González, Markus Krötzsch, Maximilian Marx, Harish K. Murali, and Christoph Weidenbach. "A Sorted Datalog Hammer for Supervisor Verification Conditions Modulo Simple Linear Arithmetic." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 480–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_27.
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AbstractIn a previous paper, we have shown that clause sets belonging to the Horn Bernays-Schönfinkel fragment over simple linear real arithmetic (HBS(SLR)) can be translated into HBS clause sets over a finite set of first-order constants. The translation preserves validity and satisfiability and it is still applicable if we extend our input with positive universally or existentially quantified verification conditions (conjectures). We call this translation a Datalog hammer. The combination of its implementation in SPASS-SPL with the Datalog reasoner VLog establishes an effective way of deciding verification conditions in the Horn fragment. We verify supervisor code for two examples: a lane change assistant in a car and an electronic control unit of a supercharged combustion engine.In this paper, we improve our Datalog hammer in several ways: we generalize it to mixed real-integer arithmetic and finite first-order sorts; we extend the class of acceptable inequalities beyond variable bounds and positively grounded inequalities; and we significantly reduce the size of the hammer output by a soft typing discipline. We call the result the sorted Datalog hammer. It not only allows us to handle more complex supervisor code and to model already considered supervisor code more concisely, but it also improves our performance on real world benchmark examples. Finally, we replace the before file-based interface between SPASS-SPL and VLog by a close coupling resulting in a single executable binary.
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Lakshmivarahan, S., and Sudarshan K. Dhall. "Constant Depth Prefix Circuits With Unbounded Fan-In." In Parallel Computing Using the Prefix Problem. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195088496.003.0016.
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It is well known that among the three classes of the PRAM models, namely, CRCW, CREW, and EREW, the CRCW models are the weakest, in the sense that, they permit concurrent read/write by processors. Accordingly, algorithms on the CRCW model mainly concentrate on the core computations without much ado about data access. Consequently, this model, at least in principle, allows for the design of the fastest algorithm for a problem. It is intriguing to ask how fast prefixes can be computed on the CRCW models. Since CRCW models are equivalent to the unbounded fan-in circuits (refer to Chapter 2), the task of developing the fastest algorithms for the prefix problems is pursued in the context of the unbounded fan-in circuits. Recall from Chapter 2, that while the standard measures, such as, size and depth are still used to quantify the goodness of unbounded fanin circuits, the size of the circuit is measured by the total number of edges incident on all of its operation nodes, instead of by the number of operations nodes. It turns out that the size and depth of unbounded fanin circuits for computing prefixes, depends critically on the structure of the underlying semigroup from which the input elements are drawn. The principal result of this concluding Chapter may be stated as follows: There exists unbounded fan-in parallel prefix circuits of constant depth and polynomial size if, and only if, the underlying semigroup is group free. The proof of this result involves a very clever synthesis of a number of ideas drawn from different directions — structure of group free semigroups, their relations to a special class of regular sets, called non-counting regular sets, the relation of this latter class of regular sets to yet another class of regular sets defined by star-free regular expressions, and the design of a special class of finite state deterministic automata called RS machines that accept star-free regular expressions. In this context, it is convenient to define the notion of small circuits as the class of circuits with constant depth and polynomial size.
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Farrugia, David. "Young People, Work and Society: New Terrain." In Youth, Work and the Post-Fordist Self, 1–24. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529210057.003.0001.
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Contemporary research on youth and work is focused on young people’s transitions into employment – on the question of who gets which jobs and when do they get these jobs. In this it is neglecting the relationship between work, productivity and the self, or the status of young people as labouring subjects who must produce value through their work. This has also led to a limited view of the nature of social class, which has come to focus on the distribution of economic and cultural resources that may be exchanged on the labour market to the exclusion of work as a uniquely significant site for the formation of the classed self. Taking up these conceptual problems is the task of the book.
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Watkins, Richard R. "Antibacterial agents." In Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease, edited by Cheston B. Cunha, 1334–42. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0205.
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This chapter traces how the modern antibiotic era began with the discoveries of penicillin by Fleming in 1928 and sulfonamides by Domagk in 1932. It lists different classes of antibacterial agents that have been developed for the use in humans. It also describes the various antibacterial agents, including their mechanisms of action, clinical indications, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance. The chapter looks at the core structure of the penicillins, which consists of a thiazolidine ring attached to a β-lactam ring and an R-group side chain. It explains how the thiazolidine-β-lactam ring provides antibacterial activity while the side chain determines the antimicrobial spectrum and pharmacologic characteristics.
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Camacho, Javier López, Araceli Vázquez Villegas, and Luis A. Torres Díaz. "Noh Kah." In Perspectives on the Ancient Maya of Chetumal Bay. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062792.003.0004.
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This chapter, “Noh Kah: An Archaeological Site in Extreme Southeastern Quintana Roo,” describes the newly surveyed site Noh Cah as an example of the clustered dispersed settlement pattern known from throughout southeastern Quintana Roo. These mostly Early Classic sites do not have a single monumental core as is common in Petén. Rather they have multiple monumental cores arranged in clusters across a more dispersed landscape, possibly an advantageous arrangement for large scale cacao production. They are linked by line-of-site from pyramidal summits oriented on a predominately east–west axis that does not deviate beyond the angle of the summer and winter solstices. Epigraphic evidence from several of these sites links them to Early Classic Dzibanché and the powerful Kaanal dynasty that was located there.
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Eckle, Hans-Peter. "Conformal Symmetry in Statistical Mechanics." In Models of Quantum Matter, 188–240. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199678839.003.0007.
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The core of the exposition of the theory of conformal symmetry in statistical mechanics are the concepts of correlation functions of order parameter fields, whose behaviour under conformal transformations are the defining characteristic of conformal field theories. Chapter 7 discusses the transformation properties of the energy-momentum tensor, the conformal Ward identities, and the operator product expansion lead to the loop or Witt algebra with central extension, the Virasoro algebra, allowing the characterization of the possible universality classes, in particular through the conformal anomaly or central charge. It discusses how the finite-size corrections to thermodynamic quantities, obtained from conformal transformations to finite geometries, can be used to determine critical parameters, especially the central charge.
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Wang, Xinchun. "What Factors Promote Sustained Online Discussions and Collaborative Learning in a Web-Based Course?" In Web-Based Education, 1182–202. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-963-7.ch080.
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Although the pedagogical advantages of online interactivelearning are well known, much needs to be done in instructional design of applicable collaborative learningtasks that motivate sustained student participation andinteraction. This study investigates the factors that encourage student interaction and collaboration in both process and product oriented computer mediated communication (CMC) tasks in a Web-based course that adopts interactive learning tasks as its core learningactivities. The analysis of a post course survey questionnaire collected from three online classes suggest that among others, the structure of the online discussion, group size and group cohesion, strictly enforced deadlines, direct link of interactive learning activities to the assessment, and the differences in process and product driven interactive learning tasks are some of the importantfactors that influence participation and contribute tosustained online interaction and collaboration.
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Wang, Xinchun. "What Factors Promote Sustained Online Discussions and Collaborative Learning in a Web-Based Course?" In E-Collaboration, 1410–30. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-652-5.ch104.
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Although the pedagogical advantages of online interactive learning are well known, much needs to be done in instructional design of applicable collaborative learning tasks that motivate sustained student participation and interaction. This study investigates the factors that encourage student interaction and collaboration in both process and product oriented computer mediated communication (CMC) tasks in a Web-based course that adopts interactive learning tasks as its core learning activities. The analysis of a post course survey questionnaire collected from three online classes suggest that among others, the structure of the online discussion, group size and group cohesion, strictly enforced deadlines, direct link of interactive learning activities to the assessment, and the differences in process and product driven interactive learning tasks are some of the important factors that influence participation and contribute to sustained online interaction and collaboration.
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Anderson, Skye J., Shannon T. Bischoff, Jeffrey Punske, and Amy V. Fountain. "Learning about language through language invention." In Language Invention in Linguistics Pedagogy, 208–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829874.003.0013.
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This chapter analyzes the implementation of Invented Language Projects in different institutional and pedagogical contexts, focusing on introductory level linguistics. The data the chapter draws on come from students at three public universities, in a variety of class sizes, across undergraduate cohorts, and using a variety of integrations of language invention in course materials, over the last five years. The chapter identifies patterns of effectiveness in the use of language invention in the classroom by analyzing data collected inside and outside of these courses, assessing students’ mastery of core concepts in linguistics, their beliefs and attitudes about language, and their perception of the utility of language invention for their own learning. Though there is variation in the effectiveness of these strategies as they are instantiated in different contexts, the chapter shows that language invention is a promising way to engage with and effectively teach introductory students about the workings of natural human language.
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Hardwick, Lorna. "Recusatio from Both Directions." In Tony Harrison and the Classics, 95–116. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861072.003.0005.
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Tony Harrison has been widely regarded as an interventionist poet and playwright in the sense that his work holds up a critical lens to modernity, brutally revealing the injustices and oppressions perpetrated by rulers, imperialists, and warmongers. The use of Greek and Roman material as means of exposing and challenging dominant political and cultural practices has been a central aspect of his project. This key feature of Harrison’s work also draws attention to the ironies in Harrison’s own situation. It was the privileged education he received, including being one of the last generation of writers to be schooled in the languages and histories of antiquity, plus his subsequent assimilation into the intelligentsia of creative practitioners, which put him in a position to become such an effective gadfly and to adapt a whole range of literary and theatrical forms and traditions for the purposes of political and social consciousness-raising. This chapter uses Harrison’s recusatio of modern politics and culture as a launching pad for examination of the reverse side of the coin. In using Greek and Roman texts, mythological narratives and figures, and poetic and theatrical forms and conventions in radical contexts, Harrison is involved in creative code-switching, that is, he recasts ideas and narratives in linguistic registers, idioms, and situations that enable modern readers and spectators to become part of the windows he opens on both ancient and modern.
Conference papers on the topic "Coke size classes"
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Pagalthivarthi, Krishnan, John Furlan, and Robert Visintainer. "Axi-Symmetric Multi-Size Particulate Flow Simulation Model of a Hydrocyclone." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-31128.
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An axi-symmetric multi-size particulate Eulerian-Eulerian flow simulation model of a hydrocyclone is presented in this paper. Finite volume formulation on a collocated grid is implemented. The broad particle size distribution is divided into a specific number of size classes. The air core diameter is estimated using empirical correlations. Pure carrier eddy viscosity field (computed using a mixing length model) is modified to account for the presence of multi-size particles. The computed pressure drop, particle size distribution (PSD) of the overflow and underflow, separation efficiency curve and cutsize diameter obtained from the numerical solution are compared with experimental results.
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Gowin, Mark. "Augmented IST Program Requirements – Scope and Testing." In ASME/NRC 2022 14th OM Code Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nrc2022-77128.
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Abstract The purpose of this presentation is to raise awareness on the requirements in 10 CFR 50.55a(f) (4) for development and implementation of an Augmented IST Program. This presentation will highlight the changes in 10 CFR 50.55a rulemaking that changed the scope of the regulatory required IST Program to include all safety related components regardless of their site specific ASME Code Class equivalent classification. This presentation will also describe the available options to address those components classified as ASME Code Class 1, 2, or 3 equivalent versus those that are not classified as ASME code equivalent which also meet the scope statement of ASME OM Code, ISTA-1100.
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Ahmed, Rizwan, Gyunyoung Heo, Dong-Keun Cho, and Jongwon Choi. "Characterization of Radioactive Waste From Side Structural Components of a CANDU Reactor for Decommissioning Applications in Korea." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40201.
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Reactor core components and structural materials of nuclear power plants to be decommissioned have been irradiated by neutrons of various intensities and spectrum. This long term irradiation results in the production of large number of radioactive isotopes that serve as a source of radioactivity for thousands of years for future. Decommissioning of a nuclear reactor is a costly program comprising of dismantling, demolishing of structures and waste classification for disposal applications. The estimate of radio-nuclides and radiation levels forms the essential part of the whole decommissioning program. It can help establishing guidelines for the waste classification, dismantling and demolishing activities. ORIGEN2 code has long been in use for computing radionuclide concentrations in reactor cores and near core materials for various burn-up-decay cycles, using one-group collapsed cross sections. Since ORIGEN2 assumes a constant flux and nuclide capture cross-sections in all regions of the core, uncertainty in its results could increase as region of interest goes away from the core. This uncertainty can be removed by using a Monte Carlo Code, like MCNP, for the correct calculations of flux and capture cross-sections inside the reactor core and in far core regions. MCNP has greater capability to model the reactor problems in much realistic way that is to incorporate geometrical, compositional and spectrum information. In this paper the classification of radioactive waste from the side structural components of a CANDU reactor is presented. MCNP model of full core was established because of asymmetric structure of the reactor. Side structural components of total length 240 cm and radius 16.122 cm were modeled as twelve (12) homogenized cells of 20 cm length each along the axial direction. The neutron flux and one-group collapsed cross-sections were calculated by MCNP simulation for each cell, and then those results were applied to ORIGEN2 simulation to estimate nuclide inventory in the wastes. After retrieving the radiation level of side structural components of in- and ex-core, the radioactive wastes were classified according to the international standards of waste classification. The wastes from first and second cell of the side structural components were found to exhibit characteristics of class C and Class B wastes respectively. However, the rest of the waste was found to have activity levels as that of Class A radio-active waste. The waste is therefore suitable for land disposal in accordance with the international standards of waste classification and disposal.
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Kovalenko, K. V., I. S. Deshenenkov, and A. N. Petrov. "The Analysis of Open Hole Wireline Logs and Core to Predict Grain Size Classes of Western Siberia Jurassic Reservoirs." In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201412851.
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Miyazaki, Katsumasa, Kunio Hasegawa, Naoki Miura, Koichi Kashima, and Douglas A. Scarth. "Technical Basis of Proposed New Acceptance Standards for Class 1, 2 and 3 Piping." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26124.
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Acceptance Standards in Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code have an important role as the first step in the flaw evaluation procedure. When a flaw size is within the allowable flaw size in the Acceptance Standard, the flaw is acceptable and analytical evaluation is not required. Although ASME Section XI has Acceptance Standards for Class 1 piping in IWB-3500, there are no Acceptance Standards for Class 2 and 3 piping. Furthermore, the development of the current Acceptance Standards for Class 1 piping was based on flaw detectability by ultrasonic inspection and consideration of fracture mechanics. In this paper, the development of proposed new Acceptance Standards for Class 2 and 3 piping, as well as for Class 1 piping, is described. The development methodology is based on a fracture mechanics approach. For Class 1 piping with high fracture toughness, the allowable flaw sizes were determined by limit load solution. For Class 1 piping, the intent was to maintain overall consistency with the current Acceptance Standards. Proposed Acceptance Standards for Class 2 and 3 austenitic piping were also developed by the methodology used to develop the proposed new Acceptance Standards for Class 1 piping. Allowable flaw sizes for both surface flaws and subsurface flaws for preservice and inservice examinations were developed.
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Hasegawa, Kunio, Katsumasa Miyazaki, Douglas A. Scarth, and Russell C. Cipolla. "Proximity Rules for Subsurface Transforming to Surface Flaws for Class 1 Ferritic Vessels." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93102.
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There is a rule in Acceptance Standards of Class 1 ferritic vessel in the ASME B&PV Code Section XI describing that allowable subsurface flaws near a component surface are transformed to allowable surface flaws. This is the proximity rule for the subsurface flaws. Allowable sizes of the subsurface flaws decrease with proximity to the component surface. Therefore, a subsurface flaw allowed in the component is not allowed if the same size subsurface flaw is slightly closer to the component surface. However, if the subsurface flaw with the same size is located closer to the component surface, the subsurface flaw not allowed close to the component surface is acceptable after transforming it to a surface flaw. This is a discontinuity of a subsurface flaw. This paper describes the discontinuity problems of the subsurface flaws transforming to surface flaws and proposes a new flaw-to-surface factor of proximity rule, minimizing the influence of the current allowable flaw sizes in the Acceptance Standards.
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Hasegawa, Kunio, Hideo Kobayashi, and Koichi Kashima. "Flaw Evaluation and Allowable Flaw Sizes of Nuclear Piping in JSME Code." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2025.
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A flaw evaluation code for nuclear power plants has been developed at the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) in 2000 and revised adding inspection rules in 2002. Then the code consists of inspection for nuclear components and evaluation procedures of flaws in Class 1 components detected during in-service inspection. This paper introduces the summary of the JSME Code and describes two kinds of allowable flaw sizes, Acceptance Standards and Acceptance Criteria, for Class 1 pipes in the flaw evaluation procedures. In addition, these allowable flaws are compared with those in the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Code Section XI.
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Conlisk, Peter J. "Scopes of RTP-1 and Section X, Classes I & II and Design Qualification." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1248.
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The ASME does not require design calculations for Section X, Class I vessels. Design qualification is by destructive testing of a prototype vessel. The candidate vessel undergoes repetitive pressure testing up to the design pressure for as many as 100,000 cycles, depending on the type of FRP laminate in the vessel. If the vessel passes the fatigue test, it is then pressurized to six times the design pressure. If it also passes this test, vessels identical to the prototype may be built and receive the code mark. The prototype does not receive a code stamp. Rigorous quality assurance requirements insure that the production vessels are the same as the prototype. The ASME does require design calculations for Class II vessels. It also has stringent quality assurance and inspection requirements. Every Section X Class II vessel must also pass an acoustic emission examination before it receives a code stamp, thereby providing experimental verification of the structural integrity of the vessel. Class I and Class II vessels have different size and pressure scopes. Class I has no geometric limitations. The maximum design pressure for Class I is limited to 150 psig for bag-molded, centrifugally cast, and contact molded vessels, 1500 psig for filament-wound vessels, and 3000 for psig filament-wound vessels with polar boss openings. Class II vessels may be designed by rules or by stress analysis. For vessels designed by rules the diameter must lie between 6 in. and 96 in., and the maximum design pressure is 75 psig. Vessels that are designed by stress analysis must have diameters between 6 in. and 144 in. Their maximum design pressure varies with diameter: from 6 in. to 36 in. the maximum design pressure is 200 psig., and from 36 in. to 144 in. the design pressure is given by P = 7200/D where P is in psi. and D is in inches. RTP-1 has no size restrictions, but design pressure is limited to 15 psig. In both classes of Section X and in RTP-1, external design pressure must be less than 15 psig. Design calculations for FRP differ from calculations for metal vessels because FRP behaves differently from steel and other vessel metals. The material behaviors are compared and the resulting calculation differences are discussed.
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Badri, Mourad, Linda Badri, and William Flageol. "Source and Test Code Size Prediction - A Comparison between Use Case Metrics and Objective Class Points." In 11th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Software Approaches to Software Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005857601720180.
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Brown, Warren, and David Reeves. "An Update on Selecting the Optimum Bolt Assembly Stress for Piping Flanges." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26649.
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In order to minimize the likelihood of leakage from flanged piping joints, it is a good practice to maximize the initial bolt assembly stress. Present bolting guidelines (ASME PCC-1 [1]) outline the use of a percent of bolt yield across all flange sizes and classes to set the assembly stress level. These guidelines do indicate that aspects such as component strength and gasket stress should be considered, however the most common application of the approach is to use a standard percentage of bolt yield across all flange sizes and classes. This approach does allow for adjustment for differences in material yield strengths (carbon steel versus stainless steel) and raised face (RF) versus ring type joint (RTJ) flange configurations. It does not, however, adjust for the difference in strength between standard pipe flange sizes nor the actual gasket stress achieved across all flange sizes and classes. Since there is no assessment of flange strength, such an approach may cause failure of joint components. In addition, because the standard percentage of bolt yield technique does not look at gasket stress, it is prone to gasket leakage due to low stress or gasket destruction due to over-compression for some joints. In addition, some joints may require bolt loads well in excess of the standard value to develop an acceptable gasket stress level in order to prevent leakage. This paper is a continuation of the paper presented during PVP 2006 in Vancouver (Brown [2]), which examined the variables that must be considered and drew some preliminary conclusions regarding the use of flange stress limits in determining the maximum allowable bolt load for a given flange size. Subsequent to writing that paper, further investigation found that the code calculated flange stresses are a poor indicator of the maximum acceptable bolt load. The most practical measure of this load is obtained by using elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the point of gross plastic deformation of the flange. This paper details the maximum bolt load limit results of elastic-plastic FEA on most sizes of standard ASME weld neck flange sizes. The practical application of this method is in the development of standard bolt assembly stress (or torque) tables for standard pipe flanges using a given gasket type. In addition, a new code equation and additional limits are developed, by comparison to the elastic-plastic FEA results, which allow the determination of the maximum assembly bolt load for non-standard weld-neck flanges and standard weld-neck flanges with different bores, materials or gaskets than used in the elastic-plastic FEA presented in this paper.
Reports on the topic "Coke size classes"
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Tucker-Blackmon, Angelicque. Engagement in Engineering Pathways “E-PATH” An Initiative to Retain Non-Traditional Students in Engineering Year Three Summative External Evaluation Report. Innovative Learning Center, LLC, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52012/tyob9090.
Full textAbstract:
The summative external evaluation report described the program's impact on faculty and students participating in recitation sessions and active teaching professional development sessions over two years. Student persistence and retention in engineering courses continue to be a challenge in undergraduate education, especially for students underrepresented in engineering disciplines. The program's goal was to use peer-facilitated instruction in core engineering courses known to have high attrition rates to retain underrepresented students, especially women, in engineering to diversify and broaden engineering participation. Knowledge generated around using peer-facilitated instruction at two-year colleges can improve underrepresented students' success and participation in engineering across a broad range of institutions. Students in the program participated in peer-facilitated recitation sessions linked to fundamental engineering courses, such as engineering analysis, statics, and dynamics. These courses have the highest failure rate among women and underrepresented minority students. As a mixed-methods evaluation study, student engagement was measured as students' comfort with asking questions, collaboration with peers, and applying mathematics concepts. SPSS was used to analyze pre-and post-surveys for statistical significance. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and focus group sessions with recitation leaders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty members and students to understand their experiences in the program. Findings revealed that women students had marginalization and intimidation perceptions primarily from courses with significantly more men than women. However, they shared numerous strategies that could support them towards success through the engineering pathway. Women and underrepresented students perceived that they did not have a network of peers and faculty as role models to identify within engineering disciplines. The recitation sessions had a positive social impact on Hispanic women. As opportunities to collaborate increased, Hispanic womens' social engagement was expected to increase. This social engagement level has already been predicted to increase women students' persistence and retention in engineering and result in them not leaving the engineering pathway. An analysis of quantitative survey data from students in the three engineering courses revealed a significant effect of race and ethnicity for comfort in asking questions in class, collaborating with peers outside the classroom, and applying mathematical concepts. Further examination of this effect for comfort with asking questions in class revealed that comfort asking questions was driven by one or two extreme post-test scores of Asian students. A follow-up ANOVA for this item revealed that Asian women reported feeling excluded in the classroom. However, it was difficult to determine whether these differences are stable given the small sample size for students identifying as Asian. Furthermore, gender differences were significant for comfort in communicating with professors and peers. Overall, women reported less comfort communicating with their professors than men. Results from student metrics will inform faculty professional development efforts to increase faculty support and maximize student engagement, persistence, and retention in engineering courses at community colleges. Summative results from this project could inform the national STEM community about recitation support to further improve undergraduate engineering learning and educational research.