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Journal articles on the topic 'Coil armature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Liu, Peng, Liyun Fan, Qaisar Hayat, De Xu, Xiuzhen Ma, and Enzhe Song. "Research on Key Factors and Their Interaction Effects of Electromagnetic Force of High-Speed Solenoid Valve." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567242.

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Analysis consisting of numerical simulations along with lab experiments of interaction effects between key parameters on the electromagnetic force based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been also proposed to optimize the design of high-speed solenoid valve (HSV) and improve its performance. Numerical simulation model of HSV has been developed in Ansoft Maxwell environment and its accuracy has been validated through lab experiments. Effect of change of core structure, coil structure, armature structure, working air gap, and drive current on the electromagnetic force of HSV has been analyzed through simulation model and influence rules of various parameters on the electromagnetic force have been established. The response surface model of the electromagnetic force has been utilized to analyze the interaction effect between major parameters. It has been concluded that six interaction factors including working air gap with armature radius, drive current with armature thickness, coil turns with side pole radius, armature thickness with its radius, armature thickness with side pole radius, and armature radius with side pole radius have significant influence on the electromagnetic force. Optimal match values between coil turns and side pole radius; armature thickness and side pole radius; and armature radius and side pole radius have also been determined.

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2

Zheng, Fangzheng, Runxiang Jiang, Mengkun Lu, Hanning Qian, and Feihong Yue. "Study on the influence of different thickness of armature structure on the emission performance of electromagnetic induction coil launcher." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2247, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2247/1/012025.

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Abstract In the armature structure of traditional electromagnetic induction coil launcher, the armature tail melted due to heat accumulation. In this paper, three new armature structures are proposed. Based on the finite element software maxwell2D, the single-stage electromagnetic induction coil launcher, model is established. The performance indexes of traditional and new armature structures are compared, and the influence of the thickness of traditional armature structure and the side thickness of new structure on temperature rise and electromagnetic performance is studied. On the basis of Maxwell-thermal finite element, the correctness of the temperature field conclusion is verified. The simulation results show that the traditional armature structure has the optimal thickness and the armature performance remains unchanged when the weight ratio and the mechanical strength of the armature are considered. Structure 3 and Structure 4 of the new structure significantly improve the temperature rise of the armature and enhance its emission performance. Due to the eddy current, the optimum side thickness of the new structure 3 and structure 4 is slightly larger than 1/2 of the armature length.

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3

Liao, Ping, Su Yang Ma, Jing Feng Mao, Guo Qing Wu, and An Dong Jiang. "Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1181.

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The principle and characteristics of Fault-tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor are introduced. The design or computational method of the polar distance of concentrated winding coil, the armature parameters, the armature winding parameters, the coil diameter, the distance from the adjacent armature windings are given. The magnetic thrust equation is derived, and the core issues are analyzed. It provided theoretical basis for structural optimization of the Fault-tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor.

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4

Sulaiman, Erwan, Hassan Ali, Mubin Aizat, and Zhafir Aizat. "Improved Design of Three Phase Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor with Segmental Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.295.

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This paper presents the new design of Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor (HEFSM) using segmental rotor structure. HEFSMs are those that consist all the excitation flux sources at their stator with robust rotor structure. The rotor is designed as segmental due to the reason that segmental rotor has ability to yield the magnetic path for conveying the field flux to nearby stator armature coil with respect to the rotation of the rotor. This design gives the clear advantage of shorter end winding compared to the toothed rotor as there is no overlap winding between field excitation coil (FEC) and armature coil. In this paper the initial design of HEFSM with segmental rotor has been improved by changing segment span, FEC slot area and armature slot area until maximum torque and power of 33.633 Nm and 8.17 KW respectively have been achieved. Moreover coil test analysis, induced voltage, cogging torque, magnetic flux characteristics, torque vs. field current density and torque vs. power speed characteristics are examined on the basis of 2-D finite element analysis (FEA).

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5

Qi, Chao, Ye Wang, Wei Jian Liu, and Yong Quan. "Research and Progress of Electromagnetic Coil Gun Ranging." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1176.

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The armature trigger position of multi-stage electromagnetic coil gun has great influence on the exit velocity of projectile. The energy conversion efficiency of the coil gun can be improved effectively if the armature is triggered in the optimum position. So it is important to detect the projectile position in time. Several typical electrical and optical methods for position detection are summarized in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed and evaluated. And a new laser scattering measurement method is proposed. Results show that optical detection method is simple and easy to implement, but it is susceptible to environmental impacts.

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6

Vertelis, Vilius, Saulius Balevicius, Voitech Stankevic, Nerija Zurauskiene, and Markus Schneider. "The Application of a CMR-B-Scalar Sensor for the Investigation of the Electromagnetic Acceleration of Type II Superconductors." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041293.

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In this paper, we investigated the behavior of a type II superconducting armature when accelerated by a pulsed magnetic field generated by a single-stage pancake coil. While conducting this investigation, we performed a numerical finite element simulation and an experimental study of the magnetic field dynamics at the edge of the pancake coil when the payload was a superconducting disc made from YBa2Cu3O7−x, cooled down to 77 K. The magnetic field measurements were performed using a CMR-B-scalar sensor, which was able to measure the absolute magnitude of the magnetic field and was specifically manufactured in order to increase the sensor’s sensitivity up to 500 mT. It was obtained that type II superconducting armatures can outperform normal metals when the launch conditions are tailored to their electromagnetic properties.

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7

Zhang, Yadong, Min Xiong, and Xiong Lin. "Research on Armature Recovery of a Coil Launcher." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, no. 6 (June 2020): 2324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2020.2992932.

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8

Zhang, Yadong, Jiangjun Ruan, Ying Wang, Yujiao Zhang, and Shoubao Liu. "Armature Performance Comparison of an Induction Coil Launcher." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, no. 1 (January 2011): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2010.2049753.

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9

Khan, Faisal, Erwan Sulaiman, Md Zarafi Ahmad, and Zhafir Aizat. "Parameter Sensitivity Study for Optimization of 12Slot-8Pole Three-Phase Wound Field Switched-Flux Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.765.

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This paper presents parameter sensitivity study and performance analysis of 12Slot-8Pole three-phase wound field switched-flux machine (WFSFM). The proposed machine consists of 6 armature slots, 6 field-excitation coil (FEC) slots and 8 rotor poles. All active parts such as armature coil and FEC are located on the stator, while the rotor part consists of only single piece iron. This makes the machine becoming more robust and more suitable to be apply for high speed motor drive system applications. The deterministic design optimization approach is used to treat several design parameters defined in rotor, armature and FEC slot area to achieve better results than initial design. 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) is used to study various characteristics of machine. Since the initial design fail to attain the maximum torque and power, therefore the performance of machine is enhanced by refinement of several design parameters. After design refinement, WFSFM has achieved the maximum torque of 22.34 Nm and power of 5.27 kW at maximum field current density, Je of 30 A/mm2 and armature current density, Ja of 30Arms/mm2 which is approximately 3 times the torque and 2 times the power of initial design.

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10

Morishita, Mimpei, and Takayuki Fukuda. "The Design Method for Actuators with Field Magnets of Dual Halbach Arrays." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.227.

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The proposed magnetic circuit precisely evaluates magnetic fluxes between the field magnets of dual Halbach arrays. In the case that an actuator is configured with the dual Halback arrays and the armature coils between them, the air gap length between the dual Halbach arrays gives the maximum number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes with the armature coil through algebraic approach. The new design method is on the basis of the proposed magnetic circuit. This method makes it clear that the air gap length should be more than 1.2 times longer than the permanent magnet poles length. The utility of this design method is verified through designing cylindrical linear synchronous motor provided with the dual Halbach arrays.

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11

Aslam, Jawad, Xing-Hu Li, and Hai Sun. "THE DESIGN OF HYBRID ELECTROMECHANICAL VALVE ACTUATOR: EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 1 (March 2017): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1004.

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In this paper, a novel modified cylindrical core, axis symmetric, low-inductance, hybrid permanent magnet (PM)/electromagnet (EM) magnetomotive force (MMF) actuator is proposed for variable valve timing camless engine. The new design provides large magnetic force with low energy consumption (startup and holding force), permanent magnet demagnetization isolation and improved transient response. The design and construction parameter sensitivity simulation results confirm the force of approximately 200 N (in the presence of coil current) and 500 N (in the absence of coil current) at equilibrium position and armature seat, respectively. An improvement in transition time due to low coil inductance, flexible control with parallel coils and 41.96% low energy dissipation is observed.

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12

Yadong, Zhang, Xiao Gang, Gong Yujia, Niu Xiaobo, and Liu Kaipei. "Armature Structure Research of a Synchronous Induction Coil Launcher." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45, no. 7 (July 2017): 1574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2017.2706270.

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13

Guan, Shaohua, Dong Wang, Xiaocun Guan, Denghua Guo, Shuai Wang, and Baolong Liu. "Armature Suspension and Stability in Multistage Synchronous Induction Coil Launcher." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, no. 1 (January 2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2019.2958080.

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14

Yu, Zhi Qiang, and Xing Wang. "Analysis of the Unexpected Opening of ABB Circuit-Breaker Opening under 30% Control Voltage." Advanced Materials Research 1003 (July 2014): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1003.160.

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The test data of circuit-breaker operating characteristics is important parameter to monitor the circuit-breaker. The unexpected opening of ABB HPL Series circuit-breaker under 30% control voltage in the recent operating characteristics in Shenzhen is analysed in this paper .The root cause of failure is identified. Two solutions are proposed: adjust the gap between coil and armature and replace the trip coil “open”, to eliminate such failures, ensure the safe and reliable operation of the circuit breaker.

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15

Goraj, R. "Impact Of The Pulse Width Modulation On The Temperature Distribution In The Armature Of A Solenoid Valve." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2015-0050.

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Abstract In order to estimate the inductive power set in the armature of the high-speed solenoid valve (HSV) during the open loop control (OLC) using pulse width modulation (PWM) an analytical explicit formula has been derived. The simplifications taken both in the geometry and in the physical behavior of the HSV were described. The inductive power was calculated for different boundary conditions and shown as a function of the frequency of the coil current. The power set in the armature was used as an input to the thermal calculation. The thermal calculation had an objective to estimate the time dependent temperature distribution in the armature of the HSV. All the derivation steps were presented and the influence of different boundary conditions was shown and discussed. The increase of the temperature during the heating with inductive power has been evaluated both in the core and on the side surface of the HSV.

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16

F. Omar, M., E. Sulaiman, H. A. Soomro, L. I. Jusoh, and F. Amin. "Slot Pole Study of Field Excitation Flux Switching Machines Using Segmental Rotor and Non-Overlap Windings." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.15333.

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Field excitation flux switching machines (FEFSMs) in which their torque performance generated by interaction between armature and field excitation (FE) coils have been widely designed and developed for various applications. In this regard, FEFSM with salient rotor is considered the most suitable candidate for high speed applications because of their advantages of flux controllability, and robust due to single piece of rotor structure. However, the existing FEFSM with overlapped armature and FEC windings lead to increment of copper loss, motor size and material cost. In addition, the declination of torque and power densities due to high rotor weight needs to be improved. In this paper, performance comparisons of four FEFSM topologies particularly emphasis on non-overlap armature coil and FEC windings placed on the stator with segmental rotor are investigated. The performances, including flux linkage, back-emf, flux strengthening, flux line, flux distribution, cogging torque, torque and power of the proposed motor are analysed and compared using 2D finite element analysis (FEA) thru JMAG Designer version 15. As a result, segmental rotor has produced shorter flux paths, while non-overlapping windings has reduced the copper consumption. Finally, the best combination of stator slot-pole configurations is 12S-6P which provide high flux linkage, high torque and power of 0.0412 Wb, 0.77 Nm and 0.26 kW, respectively.

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17

Lytvynenko, Viktoriia, Alexander Sereda, Iryna Varshamova, and Olena Korol. "Experimental research of the influence of a ferromagnetic core on the speed of an induction-dynamic release with turning anchor type." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, no. 2 (6) (December 9, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.2.02.

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Circuit breakers for overcurrent protection of semiconductor converters limit the duration and amplitude of the overcurrent at such a level that its thermal effect does not exceed the maximum allowable thermal protection index of the protected semiconductor device. The limitation of the thermal action of the short-circuit current is achieved by reducing the operation time of the circuit breaker. The design of the circuit breaker is changed in such a way that instead of the basic electromagnetic release is used an induction-dynamic release, which consists of an inductor with a ferromagnetic core and a rotary armature in the form of a copper disk. The electrodynamic force producing by the induction-dynamic release for quick operation is determined by the coefficient of mutual inductance of the inductor coil and the armature. Using of a ferromagnetic core entailed an increase in the coefficient of mutual inductance of the coil and armature, therefore, an increase in the electrodynamic force producing by the release, and a decrease in own tripping time of the circuit breaker. On a prototype, an experimental study of the proper operation time of the release was carried out at various values of the electrical parameters of the capacitor bank of the inductor power supply, the winding parameters of the inductor coil and the disk dimensions. The research results have proved both a decrease in the tripping time of the circuit breaker while conserving the energy of the capacitor bank of the inductor, and a decrease in the required energy of the capacitor bank to power the inductor while maintaining the minimum tripping time of the circuit breaker. Reducing the energy of the capacitor bank of the inductor made it possible to reduce the capacity and voltage of the capacitor bank of the supply of the release, and, consequently, its dimensions.

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18

Cong, Yuantao, Junsheng Cheng, Ling Xiong, Yichen Wang, and Sun Jian. "Analysis on Electromagnetic Force of Armature in Asynchronous Induction Coil Launcher." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 49, no. 2 (February 2021): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2020.3048011.

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19

Zhang, Pengxiang, Tao Shu, and Jianming Shi. "Simulation analysis of asynchronous induction type coil gun armature structure parameters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1939, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1939/1/012050.

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20

Omar, Mohd Fairoz, Erwan Sulaiman, and Hassan Ali Soomro. "New Topology of Single-Phase Segmented Rotor Field Excitation Flux Switching Machine for High Density Air-Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.783.

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Various topologies of 3 phase and single phase Field Excitation Flux Switching Machines (FSMs) have been develop recently due to the advantages of veriable flux capability of DC Field Excitation coil located on the stator as well as robust single piece rotor structure suitable for high speed applications. However, the fundamantel principles of the develop machine with salient pole rotor, requires overlap winding between armature and FEC, creating the problems of high end coil, huge size of motor as well as high copper losses. Therefore, in this paper, a new topology of single phase segmented rotor FEFSM with 12S-6P configuration is presented with the advantage of non overlap armature and FEC windings, a smaller machine with low copper loss is designed. In this study, the principle of single phase 12S-6P with segmental is an investigated using 2D-FEA finite element analysis to validate the torque, speed and power characteristics. As conclusion, the proposed design is suitable for high density air-conditioner because 1kW power generated at 1.8Nm and the corresponding speed of 4977r/min.

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21

Sapiński, Bogdan. "Magnetic Field and Circuit Parameters in an Electromagnetic Generator Supporting a Rotary MR Damper." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.340.

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This paper summarises the results of numerical calculations of magnetic field and circuit parameters in an electromagnetic generator supplying a rotary MR damper. The design and operating principles of the generator are outlined. The distribution of the magnetic flux density vector is obtained, other parameters include its modulus, the magnetic flux from permanent magnets and time patterns of induced voltage and current in the control coil of the damper, power and energy of magnetic field in this coil at different rotational speeds of the induction with respect to the armature.

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22

Rahimi, Siti Khalidah, Zarafi Ahmad, Erwan Sulaiman, Enwelum Mbadiwe I, and Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed Othman. "Performance Analysis of 12Slot with Various Rotor Pole Numbers HE-FSM for HEV Application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1886-1893.

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This paper presents performance analysis of 12Slot with various rotor pole numbers Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Machine (HEFSM) for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) application. HEFSM has carried out by combining the advantage of Permanent Magnet (PM) machines and DC Field Excitation Coil (FEC) synchronous machines. Previously, most of HEFSM structure having FEC windings in theta direction that create a problem of flux cancellation that will affect the performances of the machine. Thus, a design of 12Slot HEFSM with FEC wounded in radial direction is proposed to eliminate the flux cancellation effect. At first, armature coil arrangement test at no-load condition is conducted to analyze PM flux. Furthermore, induced voltage and cogging torque at open circuit condition are investigated based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, torque and power performances are also examined at maximum FEC and armature current densities. The outcomes demonstrate that 12S-14P configuration has the highest PM flux linkage, torque, power and less distortion of back-emf waveform which are required to be used as a motor in HEVs. The highest torque and power achieved are 220.15Nm and 92.45kW, respectively.

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23

Zakaria, Siti Nur Umira, and Erwan Sulaiman. "Magnetic Flux Analysis of E-Core Hybrid Excited FSM with Various Rotor-Pole Topologies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.774.

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This paper presents magnetic flux analysis of E-Core Hybrid Excited FSM with various rotor pole topologies. The stator consists of three active fluxes sources namely armature coil, field excitation coil and permanent magnet, while the rotor consists of only stack of iron which is greatly reliable for high speed operation. Initially, coil arrangement tests are examined to validate the operating principle of the motor and to identify the zero rotor position. Then, performances of 6S-4P, 6S-5P, 6S-7P and 6S-8P E-Core HEFSMs such as flux path, flux linkage, cogging torque and flux distribution are observed. As conclusion, 6S-5P and 6S-7P designs have purely sinusoidal flux waveform and less cogging torque suitable for high torque and power motor.

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24

Matenga, Alice, Eriyeti Murena, and Khumbulani Mpofu. "Prescriptive Modelling System Design for an Armature Multi-coil Rewinding Cobot Machine." Procedia CIRP 91 (2020): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.03.101.

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25

Lu, Falong. "Investigation of Synchronous Induction Coilgun With Stepped Coil Launcher and Stepped Armature." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, no. 4 (April 2020): 1190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2020.2982296.

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26

Yan, Liang, Lei Zhang, Zongxia Jiao, Hongjie Hu, Chin-Yin Chen, and I.-Ming Chen. "Armature Reaction Field and Inductance of Coreless Moving-Coil Tubular Linear Machine." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61, no. 12 (December 2014): 6956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2321336.

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27

SMIRNOV, Alexander Yu. "Design of magnetoelectric machines with annular armature winding." Elektrichestvo 2, no. 2 (2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-2-60-65.

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Design strategy of synchronous machines with annular armature winding and rotor placed PMs is discussing, which can provide advantages instead of general ones with drum armature winding in two-pole machine magnetic systems with developed outer diameter. Tie derivations between of stator bore volume, torque and electromagnetic loads via Magnetic constant (Arnold’s), equations for linear load, for PMs magnetic conductivity in dependence from rated parameters of magnetically hard material, for phase’s EMF. Slots filling by areas of rectangular wires and of coil and major insulation are taking into consideration. Numerical testing, executed via torque-angle (static) curves calculation by means of finite-element method, shows that the motors, that designed with appropriated torque multiplicity are satisfying to initial technical requirements, that is confirms methodic validity. During numerical testing tooth harmonics, provided by stator tooth structure, influence was evaluating and was given recommendations for reduction this influence. The results of power and torque characteristics comparison with traditional machine supplied by drum winding represented, which confirms capability of declared advantages receipt.

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28

Zhao, Keyi, Xichao Yuan, Hongjun Xiang, Qian Zhang, and Lv Qingao. "Research of Firing Control Model of Multi-stage Synchronous Induction Coil Launcher." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 03031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817503031.

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The problem of firing control is a critical technology of multi-stage synchronous induction coil launcher (MSSICL). Operation with high launch efficiency of MSSICL mainly depends on each stage driving coil energized when the armature moves on the proper location. In order to solve the problem of firing control for MSSICL, the firing control model of MSSICL is built based on the dynamically simulative model and the firing control criterion. The dynamically simulative model includes the voltage equations of driving circuit and the kinematic equations. The solved method is provided. In addition, the factors that influence the solved precision of the firing control model of MSSICL are analyzed.

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29

Huang, Hui Ping, and Cheng Wu Yang. "Design and Analysis of Automotive Generator Stator Windings Based on Ansoft." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.927.

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In order to improve the performance of automotive generator stator windings ,the paper design a method of automotive generator stator windings by two –three phases windings.This method reduce coil cross , shorten end connections and improve the thermal resistance of the generator.Meanwhile, this paper analyze magnetic field of stator windings by ansoft finite element analysis software,the armature magnetic field and its harmonic content are analyzed to verify the validity of this design.

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30

Rahimi, Siti Khalidah, Erwan Sulaiman, and Nurul Ain Jafar. "Design and Improvement of 12S-14P Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Machine with Field Excitation Coil in Radial Direction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.285.

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This paper presents a new design modification of Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Machine (HEFSM) in which the initial Field Excitation Coil (FEC) in theta direction is replaced with FEC in radial direction. Obviously, the new design has advantages of preventing flux cancellation between FEC and armature coil windings. With similar design restrictions and specifications of existing electric motor used in traction drive applications, initial performances of the proposed HEFSM are evaluated based on 2D-FEA. Design modification by using deterministic optimization approach is conducted in effort to achieve the optimum performances. After several cycles of iteration, the improved HEFSM with FEC in radial direction has achieved torque and power of 304.8Nm and 130kW, respectively.

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31

Kwak, Daehwan, Yun Sik Jin, Young Bae Kim, Jong Soo Kim, and Chuhyun Cho. "Effects of Armature Height and Position on the Performance of Induction Coil Launcher." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45, no. 10 (October 2017): 2696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2017.2729591.

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32

Wu, Baoqi, Xiaocun Guan, Yanan He, and Shaohua Guan. "Analysis of Influencing Factors of Armature Interception Effect in Single‐Stage Coil Launcher." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 16, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.23338.

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33

Soomro, Hassan Ali, Erwan Sulaiman, and Faisal Khan. "Comparative Performance of FE-FSM, PM-FSM and HE-FSM with Segmental Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.776.

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Flux switching machines (FSMs), new type of electric machines with unique operating principles have been introduced and published recently. FSMs contain armature and excitation sources on the stator with robust rotor structure. According to rotor structure FSMs can be classified into two types namely salient pole rotor and segmental pole rotor. Various topologies have been studied and published using both rotor structures, however salient pole rotor has a demerit of less torque generation due to longer flux path resulting flux leakage surrounding the rotor. In this paper a new structure of hybrid excitation FSM (HEFSM) with segmental rotor is proposed and a comparative analysis with the invented field excitation FSM (FEFSM) and permanent magnet FSM (PMFSM) is presented. Initially, coil arrangement tests are examined to confirm the operating principle of HEFSM with segmental rotor. Moreover, the cogging torque, induced voltage, magnetic flux, torque at various armature current densities and power characteristics are observed based on 2D-finite element analysis (FEA).

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34

Zakaria, Siti Nur Umira, and Erwan Sulaiman. "Optimization of 6S-14P E-Core Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.770.

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Research on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) which combined battery based electric motor and conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) have been intensively increased since the last decade due to their promising solution that can reduce global warming. Some examples of electric motors designed for HEV propulsion system at present are dc motor, induction motor (IM), interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and switched reluctance motor (SRM). Although IPMSMs are considered to be one of the successful electric motor used in HEVs, several limitations such as distributed armature windings, un-control permanent magnet (PM) flux and higher rotor mechanical stress should be resolved. In this paper, design improvement of E-Core hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applications are presented. With concentrated armature and field excitation coil (FEC) windings, variable flux capability and robust rotor structure, performances of initial and improved 6S-14PE-Core HEFSM are analyzed. The improved topology has achieved highest torque and power of 246.557Nm and 187.302 kW, respectively.

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Othman, Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed, Erwan Sulaiman, Faisal Khan, Zhafir Aizat Husin, and Mohamed Mubin Aizat Mazlan. "Performance Comparison of 12S-14P Inner and Outer Rotor Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.771.

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Hybrid excitation flux switching machines (HEFSMs) have a several advantages such as robust rotor structure, high torque and power capabilities, and high efficiency suitable for light load and heavy industry applications. However, the general structure of HEFSMs employed with three main flux sources namely permanent magnet (PM), field excitation coil (FEC) and armature coil located on the stator body causes high manufacturing cost. Therefore, a new non-PM field excitation flux switching machine (FEFSM) consists of rugged rotor structure suitable for high-speed operation with capability to keep similar torque and power density of HEFSM is proposed and examined. In this paper, performances of both outer and inner rotor 12S-14P FEFSMs are analyzed and compared. As conclusion, the inner-rotor topology provides much higher torque and power when compared with outer rotor configuration.

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Kim, Jang, Chung, and Hwang. "A New Outer-Rotor Hybrid-Excited Flux-Switching Machine Employing the HTS Homopolar Topology." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142654.

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Currently, studies of flux switching machines are actively underway owing to several advantages of these machines, including their sturdy rotor structure and high output capability. This paper deals with an outer-rotor hybrid-excited flux-switching machine (FSM). The proposed machine embraces a homopolar structure and utilizes permanent magnets (PMs) for field excitation and a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil for flux regulation. The stator houses the HTS field coil, PMs, and armature windings. The outer rotor consists solely of an iron core. Thus, the machines are cost effective and can serve as a solution to the design and fabrication complexities of field current supplying and cooling systems. In this paper, the machine performance outcomes are analyzed using the 3D finite element method (FEM), and the validity of the proposed machine is verified.

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Higashimura, Yutaka, Miyoshi Takahashi, Yasuomi Yagi, Takashi Haruta, Kazuo Gotoh, and Ryoichi Shiobara. "Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Armature Coil Bars for 70 MW Class Superconducting Generators." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 111, no. 4 (1991): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.111.4_374.

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Shiao, Yaojung, and Ly Vinh Dat. "A NEW ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE TRAIN WITH PM/EM ACTUATOR IN SI ENGINES." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 37, no. 3 (September 2013): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2013-0066.

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This paper proposes a new electromagnetic valve train (EMV), which uses hybrid permanent magnet and electromagnetic coil (PM/EM). The new EMV is characterized by a special structure, simple actuator as well as optimal parameter designs. This EMV brings many benefits, such as valve dynamic, actuator control, and low operation energy consumption, etc. The simulation results show that this EMV achieves a 15% volume reduction and a 20% enhancement in holding force by special armature design. Additionally, the estimated energy consumption of EMV operation for the proposed EMV indicates that this EMV has the lowest operating energy compared with other EMVs.

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Seok-Myeong Jang and Sang-Sub Jeong. "Armature reaction effect and inductance of moving coil linear oscillatory actuator with unbalanced magnetic circuit." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 37, no. 4 (July 2001): 2847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.951325.

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Fukui, Satoshi, Shogo Tsukamoto, Kazuki Nohara, Jun Ogawa, Takao Sato, and Taketsune Nakamura. "Study on AC Loss Reduction in HTS Coil for Armature Winding of AC Rotating Machines." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, no. 4 (June 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2016.2535208.

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Xiao-Cun, Guan, Li Song-Cheng, Lu Jun-Yong, and Ren Zhou. "The Launch Performance Analysis of the Electromagnetic Coil Launcher Continuous Launch Process With Multiple Armature." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45, no. 7 (July 2017): 1519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2017.2706060.

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Wu, Danqi, Junhua Yang, Tze Fun Chan, Chun Sing Lai, Xuecong Li, Baiping Yan, Loi Lei Lai, Dongxiao Wang, Xiaodan Gao, and Ke Meng. "Axial‐flux permanent‐magnet synchronous generator with coreless armature and non‐integral coil–pole ratio." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5311.

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Ur Rahman, Lutf, Faisal Khan, Muhammad Afzal Khan, Naseer Ahmad, Hamid Ali Khan, Mohsin Shahzad, Siddique Ali, and Hazrat Ali. "Modular Rotor Single Phase Field Excited Flux Switching Machine with Non-Overlapped Windings." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081576.

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This paper aims to propose and compare three new structures of single-phase field excited flux switching machine for pedestal fan application. Conventional six-slot/three-pole salient rotor design has better performance in terms of torque, whilst also having a higher back-EMF and unbalanced electromagnetic forces. Due to the alignment position of the rotor pole with stator teeth, the salient rotor design could not generate torque (called dead zone torque). A new structure having sub-part rotor design has the capability to eliminate dead zone torque. Both the conventional eight-slot/four-pole sub-part rotor design and six-slot/three-pole salient rotor design have an overlapped winding arrangement between armature coil and field excitation coil that depicts high copper losses as well as results in increased size of motor. Additionally, a field excited flux switching machine with a salient structure of the rotor has high flux strength in the stator-core that has considerable impact on high iron losses. Therefore, a novel topology in terms of modular rotor of single-phase field excited flux switching machine with eight-slot/six-pole configuration is proposed, which enable non-overlap arrangement between armature coil and FEC winding that facilitates reduction in the copper losses. The proposed modular rotor design acquires reduced iron losses as well as reduced active rotor mass comparatively to conventional rotor design. It is very persuasive to analyze the range of speed for these rotors to avoid cracks and deformation, the maximum tensile strength (can be measured with principal stress in research) of the rotor analysis is conducted using JMAG. A deterministic optimization technique is implemented to enhance the electromagnetic performance of eight-slot/six-pole modular rotor design. The electromagnetic performance of the conventional sub-part rotor design, doubly salient rotor design, and proposed novel-modular rotor design is analyzed by 3D-finite element analysis (3D-FEA), including flux linkage, flux distribution, flux strength, back-EMF, cogging torque, torque characteristics, iron losses, and efficiency.

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Amrane, Said, Abdallah Zahidi, Mostafa Abouricha, Nawfel Azami, Naoual Nasser, and Mohamed Errai. "Machine Learning for Monitoring of the Solenoid Valves Coil Resistance Based on Optical Fiber Squeezer." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540511.

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Solenoid valves represent indispensable elements in various engineering systems. Their failure can lead to unexpected problems. This failure may be caused by fluctuations in the coil resistance of the electromagnetic solenoid (EMS) which actuates these solenoid valves. Hence the need to monitor this parameter for a preventive maintenance of these actuators. The proposed method consists to use supervised machine learning to monitor coil resistance of the EMS valve. The EMS valve is coupled to an optical fiber squeezer which, acts as a force sensor. The solenoid armature applies a mechanical force to the optical fiber and changes the polarization state of the light that travels through the optical fiber and then this force infects the power of the light. A Simulink model is used to determine the open loop system step response. The identification of the system allows obtaining its transfer function, which depends on the parameters of the EMS and in particular on its coil resistance. By varying the coil resistance while fixing the other physical parameters of the EMS, we generate a database whose elements are the coefficients of the transfer function of the solenoid open loop and the electrical resistance of its coil. The generated database is used for training several supervised machine learning models whose predictors are the elements of the transfer function; the response is the coil resistance. The Gaussian process for regression allows to predict the variations of the coil resistance with the smallest relative error although it takes a relatively long time for the training compared to the other models used.

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Park, Soo-Hwan, Eui-Chun Lee, Gi-Ju Lee, Soon-O. Kwon, and Myung-Seop Lim. "Effect of Pole and Slot Combination on the AC Joule Loss of Outer-Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using a High Fill Factor Machined Coil." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113073.

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This paper proposes a design guideline for selecting the pole and slot combination of an outer-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a maximum slot occupation (MSO) coil. Because the MSO coil has a large conductor area, the AC Joule loss in the conductors may be increased at high frequencies. To ensure high-efficiency for the PMSM, it is necessary to reduce the loss. Thus, it is important to select the pole- and slot- combination that has the minimum AC Joule loss. The loss is caused by skin/proximity effects and variations in the slot leakage flux. The skin effect is due to the armature winding and the variation in the slot leakage flux is due to the field flux. A method for separating the AC Joule loss due to each component using the frozen permeability method is proposed. Based on the proposed method, the effect of each cause on the loss at various pole- and slot- combinations is analyzed in this study.

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Jenal, Mahyuzie, Erwan Sulaiman, Faisal Khan, and Md Zarafi Ahmad. "2D-FEA Based Design Study of Salient Rotor Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine with Concentrated Winding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.274.

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This paper presents a new structure of permanent magnet flux switching machine (PMFSM) with multiple different sizes of rotor pole width. A robust single piece salient rotor is used to modulate and switch the flux linkage polarity in the armature winding and become the fundamental mechanism of these types of machines. The methodology of two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the electromagnetic performance of coil test including flux line distributions, three phase flux linkage, cogging torque as well as induced emf. The resulting performances are analysed based on the variety of rotor pole width to meet the requirement of direct drive propulsion of Electric Vehicles (EVs).

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Lu, Jian Bo, Yong Li, Jun Bin Xi, and Hong Liang Liu. "Dynamic Displacement Response Characteristics of a Solenoid Actuator for Electromagnetic Separation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.366.

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According to the structure of a solenoid actuator, transient field mathematic model of two-dimension is established. Based on model, relationship between transient current of the coil and the motion of the armature is analyzed. Compared to experimental results, simulated results are proved, which are able to provide theory basis for displacement detection of electromagnet valve and fault diagnosis of valve and system by inner parameters of solenoid actuator. The results show that the rising current characteristic has the change process of increase-decrease-increase, and separating motion time of the solenoid actuator could be estimated to be 20 ms (18 v). The solenoid actuator is pulled back approximately in 8 ms under the action of the spring.

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Remlan, M. H., R. Aziz, and S. Salimin. "Comparison of different magnet arrangement on performance of flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machine." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1207-1214.

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<span lang="EN-MY">This paper offers the analysis of performance of Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet (FRPM) machines with different type of magnet arrangements. There are two designs that have been proposed in this report, which one of them has a pair of permanent magnets (PM) with alternate polarities place on surface of stator tooth and the polarities of two adjacent PM at these two stators are identical. This PM arrangement is called as NS-SN configuration. Second design is NS-NS configuration that has different PM polarities on different stator tooth. By comparing this PM arrangement, generally the NS-NS configuration offers high speed and power. However, the NS-SN configuration shows higher maximum torque compared to the previous design. The design process for both configurations is completely using finite element analysis (FEA) which is JMAG-Designer. To make sure the coil phase is in correct position, the design configuration with coil arrangement tests are evaluated. Finally, each flux of both designs been observed by analyse their torque with various armature current density.</span>

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Othman, S. M. N. S., M. Z. Ahmad, J. A. Rahim, F. S. Bahrim, and E. Sulaiman. "Design Improvement of Three Phase 12Slot-14Pole Outer Rotor Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp239-247.

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This paper present with design improvement of 12Slot-14Pole outer rotor field excitation flux switching motor (ORFEFSM) from the initial design by implement Deterministic Optimization Method (DOM) which involve 2-dimensional Finite-Element Analysis (FEA). The design improvement starts with the non-active part, rotor and followed with active part, stator which involve the armature coil slot and field excitation coil (FEC) slot. Since it is one of local optimization method, this method involves more than one cycle of improvement depends on the design structure and slot-pole configuration until achieve optimum performance. However, the initial torque and power output of 12Slot-14Pole is 112.95 Nm and 50.46 kW. The main objective is to improve the structure in order to obtain optimum torque and power output. Besides, it is necessary to reduce flux saturation and optimize the flux flow between the rotor teeth and stator arc width. The target torque and power output performance is expected higher than 210 Nm and 123 kW. With the deterministic optimization method technique, the final torque and power output achived are 221.83 Nm and 189kW.

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Cheng, Ming, Xinkai Zhu, Yubin Wang, Rui Wang, and Wei Wang. "Effect and Inhibition Method of Armature-Reaction Field on Superconducting Coil in Field-Modulation Superconducting Electrical Machine." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 35, no. 1 (March 2020): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2019.2948974.

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