Journal articles on the topic 'Coil anchor'
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Kanemaru, Kazuya, Masayuki Ezura, Yoshihisa Nishiyama, Takashi Yagi, Hideyuki Yoshioka, Yuichiro Fukumoto, Toru Horikoshi, and Hiroyuki Kinouchi. "Anchor Coil Technique for Arteriovenous Fistula Embolization." Interventional Neuroradiology 20, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15274/inr-2014-10054.
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We describe a case of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) successfully treated by coil embolization with an anchor coil inserted in the varix to facilitate dense packing at the shunting site. AVF of the left anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) draining into the ipsilateral basal vein of Rosenthal was incidentally found in a newborn female. A single detachable coil was inserted as an anchor into the varix adjacent to the shunt, and the microcatheter was pulled back to the shunting point. Three more detachable coils were delivered at the shunting point without migration under the support of the anchor coil, and the AVF was successfully obliterated with preservation of AChoA blood flow. The anchor coil technique can reduce the risk of coil migration and the number of coils required.
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Vakharia, Kunal, Stephan A. Munich, Michael K. Tso, Muhammad Waqas, and Elad I. Levy. "Stent anchor technique to reduce microcatheter loop for stent-assisted coiling of anterior communicating artery aneurysm." Neurosurgical Focus 46, Suppl_1 (January 2019): V8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.1.focusvid.18466.
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Stent-assisted coiling offers a potential solution for coil embolization of broad-based aneurysms. Challenges associated with navigating a microcatheter beyond these aneurysms sometimes require looping the microcatheter within the aneurysm dome. Reducing microcatheter loops within domes can be difficult, and anchor techniques have been described, including balloon anchor, stent-retriever anchor, and stent anchor techniques. The authors present a patient requiring stent-assisted coiling of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm in whom a stent anchor technique was used to reduce a microcatheter loop within an aneurysm dome before coil embolization. Postembolization angiographic runs showed complete coil occlusion of the aneurysm with approximately 35% packing density.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/zHR1ZOArUro.
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Hoit, Daniel A., Clemens M. Schirmer, and Adel M. Malek. "Use of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug as an Anchoring Scaffold for Coil-mediated Parent Vessel Occlusion: Technical Case Report." Operative Neurosurgery 59, suppl_1 (July 1, 2006): E171—E172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000219856.66842.ef.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Parent vessel sacrifice is a useful treatment strategy for fusiform intracranial aneurysms. Originally performed using the detachable silicone balloon, endovascular arterial occlusion is currently achieved using coils, a process which can be limited by coil mass migration. METHODS: We demonstrate the use of the Amplatzer vascular plug as a fixed anchor within the target parent vessel to facilitate coil-mediated occlusion, especially in vascular segments not encased by a bony canal. The technique was used successfully in two patients: a 90-year-old woman presenting with IIIrd and VIth cranial nerve palsy from a fusiform left cavernous internal carotid aneurysm and a 44-year-old man with distal thromboemboli from a fusiform dissecting-type right vertebral artery involving the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. RESULTS: Both patients were treated successfully with proximal parent vessel occlusion using coils after deployment of an Amplatzer vascular plug proximal to the target lesion. With the Amplatzer device acting as a fixed anchor in the parent vessel, coils were deployed proximally in a compact configuration. After deployment of the vascular plugs and coils, hermetic occlusion of the parent vessel was documented angiographically. CONCLUSION: The Amplatzer vascular plug can facilitate coil occlusion of large cervical vessels by acting as a focal coil and embolic material immobilizer, which can prevent coil mass migration and lead to improved packing density.
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Shirai, Ryo, and Masanori Hashimoto. "DC Magnetic Field Based 3D Localization With Single Anchor Coil." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 3902–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2961365.
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Hill, Emma, and Ruth Williams. "Super-coil me: Sizing up centromeric nucleosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 186, no. 4 (August 24, 2009): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200908012.
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Every chromosome needs a centromere for proper segregation during cell division. Centromeric chromatin wraps around histones, providing an anchor for kinetochore proteins and spindle attachment. It is clear why cells need centromeres, but how they form and what they look like is less so. Recent reports extend our understanding of chaperones involved in centromere formation. And other accounts of half-sized, right-handed nucleosomes have created an unexpected twist.
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Raftopoulos, Christian, Pierre Goffette, Rudolf F. Billa, and Pierre Mathurin. "Transvascular Coil Hooking Procedure to Retrieve an Unraveled Guglielmi Detachable Coil: Technical Note." Neurosurgery 50, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200204000-00048.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: A patient with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm was treated by use of endovascular coiling, and a Guglielmi detachable coil (Boston Scientific/Target, Fremont, CA) fractured distal to its connection to the delivering catheter. The unraveled coil floated out from the aneurysm to extend into the bifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. We describe the microsurgical procedure used to retrieve the coil after an endovascular approach failed. METHODS: The left anterior cerebral artery was punctured just below the aneurysm neck, and a titanium microhook was introduced to anchor the coil and pull it out. Slight traction was exerted before sectioning the coil to avoid protrusion of the stump into the parent vessel. RESULTS: The unraveled coil was removed in totality without permanent morbidity. CONCLUSION: This report describes the case of a rare complication of coil embolization treated with a minimal transarterial coil hooking procedure.
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Saito, Takamune T., Daisuke Okuzaki, and Hiroshi Nojima. "Mcp5, a meiotic cell cortex protein, is required for nuclear movement mediated by dynein and microtubules in fission yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 173, no. 1 (April 3, 2006): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200512129.
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During meiotic prophase I of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, oscillatory nuclear movement occurs. This promotes homologous chromosome pairing and recombination and involves cortical dynein, which plays a pivotal role by generating a pulling force with the help of an unknown dynein anchor. We show that Mcp5, the homologue of the budding yeast dynein anchor Num1, may be this putative dynein anchor. mcp5+ is predominantly expressed during meiotic prophase, and GFP-Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex. Moreover, the mcp5Δ strain lacks the oscillatory nuclear movement. Accordingly, homologous pairing and recombination rates of the mcp5Δ strain are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the cortical localization of dynein heavy chain 1 appears to be reduced in mcp5Δ cells. Finally, the full function of Mcp5 requires its coiled-coil and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Our results suggest that Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex through its PH domain and functions as a dynein anchor, thereby facilitating nuclear oscillation.
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Effendi, Khaled, Raphael Hillel Sacho, François Belzile, and Thomas R. Marotta. "Republished: The wire anchor loop traction (WALT) maneuver." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8, no. 2 (January 29, 2015): e7-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011604.rep.
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Crossing the neck of large complex intracranial aneurysms for the purposes of stent deployment can be challenging using standard over the wire techniques. We describe a novel yet simple technique for straightening out the loop formed within a large intracranial aneurysm, which is often required in order to cross the aneurysm neck into the distal branch. Both the microcatheter and microwire are initially introduced into the distal vasculature, followed by withdrawal of the microwire to a point parallel to the distal exiting branch. The microcatheter and microwire are then gently withdrawn and a series of maneuvers to gradually reduce the loop is performed, obviating the need for distal purchase in the form of a stent, balloon, or coil, which have previously been described to maintain distal purchase.
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Lammers, Lindsay G., and Steven M. Markus. "The dynein cortical anchor Num1 activates dynein motility by relieving Pac1/LIS1-mediated inhibition." Journal of Cell Biology 211, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201506119.
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Cortically anchored dynein orients the spindle through interactions with astral microtubules. In budding yeast, dynein is offloaded to Num1 receptors from microtubule plus ends. Rather than walking toward minus ends, dynein remains associated with plus ends due in part to its association with Pac1/LIS1, an inhibitor of dynein motility. The mechanism by which dynein is switched from “off” at the plus ends to “on” at the cell cortex remains unknown. Here, we show that overexpression of the coiled-coil domain of Num1 specifically depletes dynein–dynactin–Pac1/LIS1 complexes from microtubule plus ends and reduces dynein-Pac1/LIS1 colocalization. Depletion of dynein from plus ends requires its microtubule-binding domain, suggesting that motility is required. An enhanced Pac1/LIS1 affinity mutant of dynein or overexpression of Pac1/LIS1 rescues dynein plus end depletion. Live-cell imaging reveals minus end–directed dynein–dynactin motility along microtubules upon overexpression of the coiled-coil domain of Num1, an event that is not observed in wild-type cells. Our findings indicate that dynein activity is directly switched “on” by Num1, which induces Pac1/LIS1 removal.
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Noguchi, Tatsuhiko, Deborah J. Frank, Mamiko Isaji, and Kathryn G. Miller. "Coiled-Coil–Mediated Dimerization Is Not Required for Myosin VI to Stabilize Actin during Spermatid Individualization in Drosophila melanogaster." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 1 (January 2009): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0776.
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Myosin VI is a pointed-end–directed actin motor that is thought to function as both a transporter of cargoes and an anchor, capable of binding cellular components to actin for long periods. Dimerization via a predicted coiled coil was hypothesized to regulate activity and motor properties. However, the importance of the coiled-coil sequence has not been tested in vivo. We used myosin VI's well-defined role in actin stabilization during Drosophila spermatid individualization to test the importance in vivo of the predicted coiled coil. If myosin VI functions as a dimer, a forced dimer should fully rescue myosin VI loss of function defects, including actin stabilization, actin cone movement, and cytoplasmic exclusion by the cones. Conversely, a molecule lacking the coiled coil should not rescue at all. Surprisingly, neither prediction was correct, because each rescued partially and the molecule lacking the coiled coil functioned better than the forced dimer. In extracts, no cross-linking into higher molecular weight forms indicative of dimerization was observed. In addition, a sequence required for altering nucleotide kinetics to make myosin VI dimers processive is not required for myosin VI's actin stabilization function. We conclude that myosin VI does not need to dimerize via the predicted coiled coil to stabilize actin in vivo.
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Spiotta, Alejandro M., Raymond D. Turner, M. Imran Chaudry, Aquilla S. Turk, Ferdinand K. Hui, and Claudio Schonholz. "Carotid sacrifice with a single Penumbra occlusion device: a feasibility study in a swine model." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011461.
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IntroductionCarotid sacrifice is a valuable tool in the treatment of select vascular lesions. Traditional coil embolization as the primary means of carotid sacrifice can be expensive, with high radiation exposure. We investigated the feasibility of a novel hybrid coil, the Penumbra occlusion device (POD), for carotid sacrifice in a swine model.MethodsA total of eight common carotid artery sacrifices were performed in fully heparinized pigs under fluoroscopic guidance. A single POD device was deployed within each vessel, and intermittent follow-up angiography was performed to assess flow.ResultsComplete carotid occlusion was achieved in all cases with a single POD (time range 2–15 min) without any coil migration or intraprocedural complications. Once the anchor zone was stable, no distal migrations were observed during either proximal soft coil packing or during hand injected angiography. Complete occlusion was verified between 2 and 15 min following POD deployment.ConclusionsCarotid artery sacrifice using a novel POD device is safe and effective, allowing for reduced radiation and material costs compared with any other described endovascular technique.
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Fukuda, Hitoshi, Toshio Yanagawa, Fumihiko Horikawa, Norio Nakajima, Masashi Kitagawa, Benjamin Lo, and Keisuke Yamada. "“Clip Anchor-Assisted Coil Embolization” for Endovascular Parent Artery Occlusion of Intracranial Traumatic Aneurysm." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 28, no. 11 (November 2019): 104374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104374.
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Hou, Bing Lin, Peng Yuan Li, Shu Juan Yang, and Chuan Jie Pan. "Preliminary Research of Manufacturing Technology for ITER Magnet Supports." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.466.
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The International Thermal Experiment Reactor (ITER) is designed to operate for 20 years with high safety requirements. The magnets with their total weight being about 10,000t sit at the core of the ITER machine. In order to guarantee the safety of the ITER machine, the research of the manufacturing technology for ITER magnet supports (MS) is an indispensable working procedure before the MS are produced. The MS consist of toroidal field (TF) gravity supports (GS), poloidal field (PF) supports and correction coils (CC) supports. This paper summarizes that the preliminary research results for the manufacturing of the GS with thermal anchor, the reliable method to manufacture the U-shaped clamp with tapered slots for PF coil supports and the special devices for test of full-size fasteners used in all the MS.
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Wahabuddin, Shaji, Rohan Mascarenhas, Mahamad Iqbal, and Akhter Husain. "Clinical Application of Micro-Implant Anchorage in Initial Orthodontic Retraction." Journal of Oral Implantology 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00227.
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Micro-implant is a device that is temporarily fixed to bone for the purpose of enhancing orthodontic anchorage either by supporting the teeth of the reactive unit or by obviating the need for the reactive unit altogether, and which is subsequently removed after use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of micro-implants in reinforcing anchorage during the initial retraction of anterior teeth, check the rate of initial retraction for 8 weeks, and assess the stability of micro-implants during this period. Eighteen micro-implants were placed (10 in the maxilla and 8 in the mandible) and immediately loaded with 200–250 g of force using 9-mm closed coil Nitinol springs. The amount of space closure was measured every 2 weeks until the eighth week. Cephalometric measurements were made at the end of the study to evaluate anchor loss, if any. Micro-implant stability was also assessed. The rate of initial retraction in the maxilla at the end of 8 weeks was 1.65 mm/quadrant and 1.51 mm/quadrant in the mandible. The amount of retraction on the left side of the arches was 1.66 mm/quadrant and 1.49 mm/quadrant on the right side. The average initial retraction for both arches per month was 0.78 mm. An anchor loss of 0.1 mm (0.06%) was observed in the maxilla while no mandibular anchor loss was recorded. The rate of initial retraction observed in the maxilla was more than that achieved in the mandible. Initial retraction was also more on the left side of the arches. There was no anchor loss in the mandible. The micro-implant-reinforced anchorage was helpful in minimizing anchor loss and accepted heavy traction forces but did not bring about a faster rate of retraction.
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Chacko, Leeba Ann, Kritika Mehta, and Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan. "Cortical tethering of mitochondria by the anchor protein Mcp5 enables uniparental inheritance." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 11 (October 3, 2019): 3560–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201901108.
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During sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, processes such as active degradation and dilution of paternal mitochondria ensure maternal mitochondrial inheritance. In the isogamous organism fission yeast, we employed high-resolution fluorescence microscopy to visualize mitochondrial inheritance during meiosis by differentially labeling mitochondria of the two parental cells. Remarkably, mitochondria, and thereby mitochondrial DNA from the parental cells, did not mix upon zygote formation but remained segregated at the poles by attaching to clusters of the anchor protein Mcp5 via its coiled-coil domain. We observed that this tethering of parental mitochondria to the poles results in uniparental inheritance of mitochondria, wherein two of the four spores formed subsequently contained mitochondria from one parent and the other spores contained mitochondria from the other parent. Further, the presence of dynein on an Mcp5 cluster precluded the attachment of mitochondria to the same cluster. Taken together, we reveal a distinct mechanism that achieves uniparental inheritance by segregation of parental mitochondria.
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Bloyet, Louis-Marie, Antoine Schramm, Carine Lazert, Bertrand Raynal, Maggy Hologne, Olivier Walker, Sonia Longhi, and Denis Gerlier. "Regulation of measles virus gene expression by P protein coiled-coil properties." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaaw3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw3702.
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The polymerase of negative-stranded RNA viruses consists of the large protein (L) and the phosphoprotein (P), the latter serving both as a chaperon and a cofactor for L. We mapped within measles virus (MeV) P the regions responsible for binding and stabilizing L and showed that the coiled-coil multimerization domain (MD) of P is required for gene expression. MeV MD is kinked as a result of the presence of a stammer. Both restoration of the heptad regularity and displacement of the stammer strongly decrease or abrogate activity in a minigenome assay. By contrast, P activity is rather tolerant of substitutions within the stammer. Single substitutions at the “a” or “d” hydrophobic anchor positions with residues of variable hydrophobicity revealed that P functionality requires a narrow range of cohesiveness of its MD. Results collectively indicate that, beyond merely ensuring P oligomerization, the MD finely tunes viral gene expression through its cohesiveness.
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Lytvynenko, Viktoriia, Alexander Sereda, Iryna Varshamova, and Olena Korol. "Experimental research of the influence of a ferromagnetic core on the speed of an induction-dynamic release with turning anchor type." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, no. 2 (6) (December 9, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.2.02.
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Circuit breakers for overcurrent protection of semiconductor converters limit the duration and amplitude of the overcurrent at such a level that its thermal effect does not exceed the maximum allowable thermal protection index of the protected semiconductor device. The limitation of the thermal action of the short-circuit current is achieved by reducing the operation time of the circuit breaker. The design of the circuit breaker is changed in such a way that instead of the basic electromagnetic release is used an induction-dynamic release, which consists of an inductor with a ferromagnetic core and a rotary armature in the form of a copper disk. The electrodynamic force producing by the induction-dynamic release for quick operation is determined by the coefficient of mutual inductance of the inductor coil and the armature. Using of a ferromagnetic core entailed an increase in the coefficient of mutual inductance of the coil and armature, therefore, an increase in the electrodynamic force producing by the release, and a decrease in own tripping time of the circuit breaker. On a prototype, an experimental study of the proper operation time of the release was carried out at various values of the electrical parameters of the capacitor bank of the inductor power supply, the winding parameters of the inductor coil and the disk dimensions. The research results have proved both a decrease in the tripping time of the circuit breaker while conserving the energy of the capacitor bank of the inductor, and a decrease in the required energy of the capacitor bank to power the inductor while maintaining the minimum tripping time of the circuit breaker. Reducing the energy of the capacitor bank of the inductor made it possible to reduce the capacity and voltage of the capacitor bank of the supply of the release, and, consequently, its dimensions.
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Kang, Hyun Tae. "DESIGN OF THE DOBRA CHANTI SUSPENSION BRIDGE IN DISTRICT TEHRI GARHWAL, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA." JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL-ARSITEKTUR 20, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54564/jtsa.v20i2.84.
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Since the Tehri dam was constructed on the River Bhagirathi in 2006, considerable productive land areas, many villages, including old Tehri town in Tehri-Garhwal district has been submerged. It has also disconnected the travel and transportation routes along the east slopes of the reservoir, making the local residents lose access to the New Tehri town, which is equipped with resident-friendly facilities including health and education institutions and markets. Accordingly, the Uttarakhand Government has proposed to build the Dobra-Chanti H.M.V. Suspension Bridge to meet the local demand for an easy intra-regional accessibility, especially between the left and right sides of the River Bhagirathi. The project consists of a single-span suspension bridge, an approach bridge at each end of the suspension bridge, and slope protection work on each side. The suspension bridge has a 440m-long stiffening truss girder, 57m-tall steel towers, locked coil cable systems including suspenders, and anchor blocks. The approach bridges are reinforced concrete bridges with T-shaped beams. And river side slopes installed on both banks are protected and stabilized through CC blocks, shotcrete, and anchor bolts. All cek dimension has met the requirement
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Heusinger, Elena, Silvia F. Kluge, Frank Kirchhoff, and Daniel Sauter. "Early Vertebrate Evolution of the Host Restriction Factor Tetherin." Journal of Virology 89, no. 23 (September 23, 2015): 12154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02149-15.
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ABSTRACTTetherin is an interferon-inducible restriction factor targeting a broad range of enveloped viruses. Its antiviral activity depends on an unusual topology comprising an N-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) followed by an extracellular coiled-coil region and a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. One of the two membrane anchors is inserted into assembling virions, while the other remains in the plasma membrane of the infected cell. Thus, tetherin entraps budding viruses by physically bridging viral and cellular membranes. Although tetherin restricts the release of a large variety of diverse human and animal viruses, only mammalian orthologs have been described to date. Here, we examined the evolutionary origin of this protein and demonstrate that tetherin orthologs are also found in fish, reptiles, and birds. Notably, alligator tetherin efficiently blocks the release of retroviral particles. Thus, tetherin emerged early during vertebrate evolution and acquired its antiviral activity before the mammal/reptile divergence. Although there is only limited sequence homology, all orthologs share the typical topology. Two unrelated proteins of the slime moldDictyostelium discoideumalso adopt a tetherin-like configuration with an N-terminal TMD and a C-terminal GPI anchor. However, these proteins showed no evidence for convergent evolution and failed to inhibit virion release. In summary, our findings demonstrate that tetherin emerged at least 450 million years ago and is more widespread than previously anticipated. The early evolution of antiviral activity together with the high topology conservation but low sequence homology suggests that restriction of virus release is the primary function of tetherin.IMPORTANCEThe continuous arms race with viruses has driven the evolution of a variety of cell-intrinsic immunity factors that inhibit different steps of the viral replication cycle. One of these restriction factors, tetherin, inhibits the release of newly formed progeny virions from infected cells. Although tetherin targets a broad range of enveloped viruses, including retro-, filo-, herpes-, and arenaviruses, the evolutionary origin of this restriction factor and its antiviral activity remained obscure. Here, we examined diverse vertebrate genomes for genes encoding cellular proteins that share with tetherin the highly unusual combination of an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. We show that tetherin orthologs are found in fish, reptiles, and birds and demonstrate that alligator tetherin efficiently inhibits the release of retroviral particles. Our findings identify tetherin as an evolutionarily ancient restriction factor and provide new important insights into the continuous arms race between viruses and their hosts.
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Williantarra, Ivanna, Timmy Richardo, Inge Kumalasari Sudibjo, and Putu Virgina Partha Devanthi. "An Overview of the Primary Cilium and RPGRIP1L: The Signalling Hub’s Anchor for Organ Development and Homeostasis." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 582–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n5.2284.
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Research on the primary cilium has been growing exponentially in the past several decades due to its functions as a cell signalling hub, which defects leads to several disorders and abnormalities collectively known as ciliopathies. Among other parts of the primary cilium structures, the transition zone is the area whose defects lead to the most severe clinical manifestations and high lethality. The ciliary transition zone consists of multiple protein modules that are hypothesized to be anchored by the RPGRIP1L protein. Despite its importance, RPGRIP1L studies remain hidden from the limelight, and our understanding of the protein remains scattered. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms of the RPGRIP1L in the primary cilium. We then take a closer look at each RPGRIP1L’s protein domain to understand how each domain ensures proper functions and localization of RPGRIP1L. The three domains of RPGRIP1L are postulated to be involved in different roles. While the coiled coil domain is vital for scaffolding the protein to the centriolar structure, the ability of the C2 domain to interact with lipid allows the formation of ‘lipid gate’ at the transition zone. The high variability of the RPGR interaction domain enable the RPGRIP1L to interact with multiple different proteins, making it an ideal anchor for other ciliary protein modules in the transition zone.
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Misumi, Yoshio, Miwa Sohda, Akiko Tashiro, Hiroshi Sato, and Yukio Ikehara. "An Essential Cytoplasmic Domain for the Golgi Localization of Coiled-coil Proteins with a COOH-terminal Membrane Anchor." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 9 (December 11, 2000): 6867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m010121200.
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Ping, Holly A., Lauren M. Kraft, WeiTing Chen, Amy E. Nilles, and Laura L. Lackner. "Num1 anchors mitochondria to the plasma membrane via two domains with different lipid binding specificities." Journal of Cell Biology 213, no. 5 (May 30, 2016): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201511021.
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The mitochondria–ER cortex anchor (MECA) is required for proper mitochondrial distribution and functions by tethering mitochondria to the plasma membrane. The core component of MECA is the multidomain protein Num1, which assembles into clusters at the cell cortex. We show Num1 adopts an extended, polarized conformation. Its N-terminal coiled-coil domain (Num1CC) is proximal to mitochondria, and the C-terminal pleckstrin homology domain is associated with the plasma membrane. We find that Num1CC interacts directly with phospholipid membranes and displays a strong preference for the mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin. This direct membrane interaction is critical for MECA function. Thus, mitochondrial anchoring is mediated by a protein that interacts directly with two different membranes through lipid-specific binding domains, suggesting a general mechanism for interorganelle tethering.
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Yang, Jun, Xiaoqing Liu, Guohua Yue, Michael Adamian, Oleg Bulgakov, and Tiansen Li. "Rootletin, a novel coiled-coil protein, is a structural component of the ciliary rootlet." Journal of Cell Biology 159, no. 3 (November 11, 2002): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200207153.
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The ciliary rootlet, first recognized over a century ago, is a prominent structure originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium. Despite being the largest cytoskeleton, its structural composition has remained unknown. Here, we report a novel 220-kD protein, designated rootletin, found in the rootlets of ciliated cells. Recombinant rootletin forms detergent-insoluble filaments radiating from the centrioles and resembling rootlets found in vivo. An mAb widely used as a marker for vertebrate rootlets recognizes an epitope in rootletin. Rootletin has a globular head domain and a tail domain consisting of extended coiled-coil structures. Rootletin forms parallel in register homodimers and elongated higher order polymers mediated by the tail domain alone. The head domain may be required for targeting to the basal body and binding to a kinesin light chain. In retinal photoreceptors where rootlets appear particularly robust, rootlets extend from the basal bodies to the synaptic terminals and anchor ER membranes along their length. Our data indicate that rootlets are composed of homopolymeric rootletin protofilaments bundled into variably shaped thick filaments. Thus, rootletin is the long-sought structural component of the ciliary rootlet.
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Chen, Zhi-Ming, Jia-Yang Xu, Wen-Qing Cai, Fa-Chao Liao, Shan-Qi Huo, Jin-Wei Yang, and Jun Peng. "The 4-hook anchor coaxial needle with scaled suture is superior to the double spring coil for preoperative localization." Journal of Thoracic Disease 13, no. 7 (July 2021): 4455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-21-984.
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Vogt, Marian S., Simon L. Völpel, Sonja-Verena Albers, Lars-Oliver Essen, and Ankan Banerjee. "Crystal structure of an Lrs14-like archaeal biofilm regulator fromSulfolobus acidocaldarius." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 74, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 1105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798318014146.
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The small winged helix–turn–helix (wHTH) proteins of the Lrs14 family are major transcriptional regulators and act as archaeal biofilm regulators (AbfRs) in the crenarchaeoteSulfolobus acidocaldarius. Here, the first crystal structure of an AbfR ortholog, AbfR2, the deletion of which is known to impair biofilm formation, is presented. Like most other wHTH orthologs, AbfR2 is dimeric in solution as well as in its 2.45 Å resolution crystal structure. Given the presence of three independent AbfR2 dimers in the asymmetric unit, the crystal structure shows a considerable degree of conformational variation within the dimer, the antiparallel orientations of which are stabilized by coiled-coil interaction between H4 helices. Conserved anchor interactions between helices H0 and H4 of AbfR2 further contribute to dimer stabilization. The combined structural and bioinformatic analysis reveals cluster-specific structural differences between different members of the Lrs14 protein family.
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Zimmerman, Wendy C., James Sillibourne, Jack Rosa, and Stephen J. Doxsey. "Mitosis-specific Anchoring of γ Tubulin Complexes by Pericentrin Controls Spindle Organization and Mitotic Entry." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 8 (August 2004): 3642–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-11-0796.
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Microtubule nucleation is the best known function of centrosomes. Centrosomal microtubule nucleation is mediated primarily by γ tubulin ring complexes (γ TuRCs). However, little is known about the molecules that anchor these complexes to centrosomes. In this study, we show that the centrosomal coiled-coil protein pericentrin anchors γ TuRCs at spindle poles through an interaction with γ tubulin complex proteins 2 and 3 (GCP2/3). Pericentrin silencing by small interfering RNAs in somatic cells disrupted γ tubulin localization and spindle organization in mitosis but had no effect on γ tubulin localization or microtubule organization in interphase cells. Similarly, overexpression of the GCP2/3 binding domain of pericentrin disrupted the endogenous pericentrin–γ TuRC interaction and perturbed astral microtubules and spindle bipolarity. When added to Xenopus mitotic extracts, this domain uncoupled γ TuRCs from centrosomes, inhibited microtubule aster assembly, and induced rapid disassembly of preassembled asters. All phenotypes were significantly reduced in a pericentrin mutant with diminished GCP2/3 binding and were specific for mitotic centrosomal asters as we observed little effect on interphase asters or on asters assembled by the Ran-mediated centrosome-independent pathway. Additionally, pericentrin silencing or overexpression induced G2/antephase arrest followed by apoptosis in many but not all cell types. We conclude that pericentrin anchoring of γ tubulin complexes at centrosomes in mitotic cells is required for proper spindle organization and that loss of this anchoring mechanism elicits a checkpoint response that prevents mitotic entry and triggers apoptotic cell death.
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Everard-Gigot, Valerie, Cory D. Dunn, Brigid M. Dolan, Susanne Brunner, Robert E. Jensen, and Rosemary A. Stuart. "Functional Analysis of Subunit e of the F1Fo-ATP Synthase of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Importance of the N-Terminal Membrane Anchor Region." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 2 (February 2005): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.2.346-355.2005.
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ABSTRACT Mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase complexes do not exist as physically independent entities but rather form dimeric and possibly oligomeric complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Stable dimerization of two F1Fo-monomeric complexes involves the physical association of two membrane-embedded Fo-sectors. Previously, formation of the ATP synthase dimeric-oligomeric network was demonstrated to play a critical role in modulating the morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, subunit e (Su e) of the Fo-sector plays a central role in supporting ATP synthase dimerization. The Su e protein is anchored to the inner membrane via a hydrophobic region located at its N-terminal end. The hydrophilic C-terminal region of Su e resides in the intermembrane space and contains a conserved coiled-coil motif. In the present study, we focused on characterizing the importance of these regions for the function of Su e. We created a number of C-terminal-truncated derivatives of the Su e protein and expressed them in the Su e null yeast mutant. Mitochondria were isolated from the resulting transformant strains, and a number of functions of Su e were analyzed. Our results indicate that the N-terminal hydrophobic region plays important roles in the Su e-dependent processes of mitochondrial DNA maintenance, modulation of mitochondrial morphology, and stabilization of the dimer-specific Fo subunits, subunits g and k. Furthermore, we show that the C-terminal coiled-coil region of Su e functions to stabilize the dimeric form of detergent-solubilized ATP synthase complexes. Finally, we propose a model to explain how Su e supports the assembly of the ATP synthase dimers-oligomers in the mitochondrial membrane.
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Novoseletsky, Valery, Marine Bozdaganyan, Daniil Litvinov, and Olga Sokolova. "Abstract P-14: Molecular Modeling of the Transmembrane Domain of the SARS Cov-2 S-Protein and its Interaction with the Membrane." International Journal of Biomedicine 11, Suppl_1 (June 1, 2021): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/ijbm.11.suppl_1.p14.
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Background: The spike glycoprotein of SARS-coronavirus mediates the early events leading to infection of cells, including fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. The spike is a type I membrane glycoprotein that possesses a conserved transmembrane anchor and an unusual cysteine-rich domain that bridges the putative junction of the anchor and the cytoplasmic tail. In this study, we examined the role of these carboxyl-terminal domains in S-protein interaction with membrane. Methods: Structural model of the trimeric TM domain and adjacent fragments of ecto- and endo domains (residues 1157-1256) of the S-protein was built by homology basing on the solution structure of the SARS-coronavirus S-protein HR2 domain (pdb-code 2fxp), the structure of the transmembrane domain of HIV-1 gp41 in bicelle (5jyn), and assumption of generally coiled-coil fold of the considered domain. C-terminus of the domain was left unstructured but fully palmitoylated. Molecular dynamics simulation in heterogeneous lipid bilayer was prepared with CHARMM-GUI and performed with Gromacs during 100 ns. Results: 1. Ectodomain fragment (residues 1157-1212) demonstrates a tilt by the angle of 40-60 degrees from the axis of the TM domain (residues 1213-1237). This tilt is facilitated by glycine residues in position 1204. 2. Cholesterol molecules of the bottom layer tend to localize around protein due to interaction with palmitoyl tails while lipids in the upper layer do not show such tendency. Conclusion: Performed molecular simulations show that both palmitoylation and a large cluster of aromatic residues provide high stability of the S-protein TM domain.
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Cao, Juncai, Nong Zhang, Shanyong Wang, and Qun Wei. "Investigation of Mechanical Properties for Group Anchors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041521.
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Prestressed anchor support is one of the most important support methods for coal mine roadways. As the coal mining depth increases, the adaptability of existing prestressed anchor has become weaker and weaker, which is mainly reflected in the current anchor prestress is much smaller than the support resistance required for the stability of the roadways and makes it difficult to effectively control the roadways. In order to solve the problem, a group anchor structure was proposed to realize higher prestressed anchor support technology and improve the support status of deep roadways. For coal mine roadways, group anchor structure is a new technology and new topic, and the design method and theoretical basis of the group anchor support are lacking. Therefore, the paper studied the bearing capacity of the group anchors through physical tests and numerical simulations. Among them, a special set of group anchor drawing tooling was designed and processed to match the physical test. The test results show that the group anchor structure can double the bearing capacity and bearing rigidity compared with traditional anchors, and the group anchor support can further optimize the support parameters to improve the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock. Therefore, the group anchor support is helpful to the stability control of the surrounding rock of the deep roadway.
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Ringer, Andrew J., Adam Arthur, Mark Bain, Bernard Bendock, Mandy Jo Binning, Alan S. Boulos, Webster Crowley, et al. "Distal Access to Wide-Necked Aneurysms—‘Around the World’ Technique: 2-Dimensional Operative Video." Operative Neurosurgery 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): E39—E40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opaa369.
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Abstract Wide-necked aneurysms often pose challenges for distal access to the distal vasculature. This 64-yr-old woman without neurological deficits presented with atypical headaches of gradual onset. MRI revealed a large, symptomatic, unruptured carotid terminus aneurysm incorporating the origin of both the middle (MCA) and anterior cerebral arteries (ACA). Its wide neck created significant risks to coil prolapse and parent vessel compromise, risking stroke. With other options of higher risks, we recommended an around-the-world technique. Standard transfemoral access was used to the right internal carotid artery (ICA) with a 6F-Shuttle sheath and intracranial carotid with a 6F-Sofia distal access catheter. With dual-microcatheter access, 1 catheter was placed in the aneurysm dome, a second in the MCA for stent placement. Advancing the wire around the aneurysm first formed a loop from the lateral to medial wall for access to the MCA. The microcatheter was then advanced around the wire into the MCA, keeping the loop within the dome. With the loop's distal tip anchored, the distal end of the stent was deployed and anchored into the MCA. Both pitfalls (ie, lack of sufficient distal access, collapse of stent device during deployment) were resolved using a balloon catheter. With the balloon positioned and inflated as the anchor, the wire and catheter were pulled together. The loop in the aneurysm's dome straightened out across the neck, the stent was advanced into the MCA, and coiling proceeded. A large neck remnant had partially closed on 6-mo follow-up angiogram. Patient consented to undergo the procedure. Illustrations in video published/printed with permission from Mayfield Clinic.
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Boughton, Philip, James Merhebi, C. Kim, G. Roger, Ashish D. Diwan, E. Clarke, Negin Amanat, R. Ho, and Andrew Ruys. "An Interlocking Ligamentous Spinal Disk Arthroplasty with Neural Network Infrastructure." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 7 (October 2010): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.7.55.
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An elastomeric spinal disk prosthesis design (BioFI™) with vertebral interlocking anchors has been modified using an embedded TiNi wire array. Bioinert styrenic block copolymer (Kraton®) and polycarbonate urethane (Bionate®) thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) matrices were utilized. Fatigue resistant NiTi wire was pretreated to induce superelastic martensitic microstructure. Stent-like helical structures were produced for incorporation within homogenous TPE matrix. Composite prototypes were fabricated in a vacuum hot press using transfer moulding techniques. Implant prototypes were subject to axial compression using a BOSE ® ELF3400. The NiTi reinforced implants exhibited reduction in axial strain, compliance, and creep compared to TPE controls. The axial properties of the NiTi reinforced Bionate® BioFI™ implant best approximated those of a spinal disk followed by Kraton®-NiTi, Bionate® and Kraton® prototypes. An ovine lumbar segment biomechanical model was used to characterize the disk prosthesis prototypes. Specimens were subject to 7.5Nm pure moments in axial rotation, flexion-extension and lateral bending with a custom jig mounted on an Instron® 8874. The motion preserving ligamentous nature of this arthroplasty prototype was not inhibited by NiTi reinforcement. Joint stiffness for all prototypes was significantly less than the intact and discectomy controls. This was due to lack of vertebral anchor rigidity rather than BioFI™ motion segment matrix type or reinforcement. Implant stress profiles for axial compression and axial torsion conditions were obtained using finite element methods. The biomechanical testing and finite element modelling both support existing BioFI™ design specifications for higher modulus vertebral anchors, endplates and motion segment periphery with gradation to a low modulus core within the motion segment. This closer approximation of the native spinal disk form translates to improvements in prosthesis biomechanical fidelity and longevity. Axial compressive strain induced within a TiNi reinforced Kraton® BioFI™ was found to be linearly proportional to the NiTi helical coil electrical resistance. This neural network capability delivers opportunities to monitor and telemeterize in situ multiaxis joint structural performance and in vivo spine biomechanics.
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Selvarangan, R., P. Goluszko, V. Popov, J. Singhal, T. Pham, D. M. Lublin, S. Nowicki, and B. Nowicki. "Role of Decay-Accelerating Factor Domains and Anchorage in Internalization of Dr-Fimbriated Escherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 1391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.3.1391-1399.2000.
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ABSTRACT Dr-fimbriated Escherichia coli capable of invading epithelial cells recognizes human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as its cellular receptor. The role of extracellular domains and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of DAF in the process of internalization of Dr+ E. coli was characterized in a cell-cell interaction model. Binding of Dr+ E. coli to the short consensus repeat 3 domain of DAF expressed by Chinese hamster ovary cells was critical for internalization to occur. Deletion of short consensus repeat 3 domain or replacement of Ser165 by Leu in this domain, or the use of a monoclonal antibody to this region abolished internalization. Replacing the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of DAF with the transmembrane anchor of membrane cofactor protein or HLA-B44 resulted in abolition or reduction of internalization respectively. Cells expressing glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored DAF but not the transmembrane-anchored DAF internalized Dr+ E. coli through a glycolipid pathway, since the former cells were more sensitive to inhibition by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a sterol-chelating agent. Electron microscopic studies revealed that the intracellular vacuoles containing the internalized Dr+ E. coli were morphologically distinct between the anchor variants of DAF. The cells expressing glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored DAF contained a single bacterium in tight-fitting vacuoles, while the cells expressing transmembrane-anchored DAF contained multiple (two or three) bacteria in spacious phagosomes. This finding suggests that distinct postendocytic events operate in the cells expressing anchor variants of DAF. We provide direct evidence for the DAF-mediated internalization of Dr+ E. coli and demonstrate the significance of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, which determines the ability and efficiency of the internalization event.
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Yu, Cong, Jizhong Lou, Jingjing Wu, Lifeng Pan, Wei Feng, and Mingjie Zhang. "Membrane-induced Lever Arm Expansion Allows Myosin VI to Walk with Large and Variable Step Sizes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 42 (August 30, 2012): 35021–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.328781.
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Myosin VI, the only known minus-ended actin filament-dependent motor, plays diverse cellular roles both as a processive motor and as a mechanical anchor. Although myosin VI has a short lever arm containing only one “IQ-motif” and a unique insertion for CaM binding, the motor walks with large and variable step sizes of ∼30–36 nm. Here, we show that the previously predicted coiled-coil domain immediately following the IQ-motifs (referred to as the lever arm extension (LAE)) adopts a stable monomeric, three-helix bundle fold in solution. Importantly, the LAE can undergo reversible, lipid membrane-dependent conformational changes. Upon exposure to lipid membranes, the LAE adopts a partially extended rod shape, and the removal of lipids from the LAE converts it back into the compact helix bundle structure. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that lipid membrane binding may initiate unfolding and thereby trigger the LAE expansion. This reversible, lipid membrane-dependent expansion of the LAE provides a mechanistic base for myosin VI to walk with large and variable step sizes.
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Holden, Jennifer M., Ludek Koreny, Samson Obado, Alexander V. Ratushny, Wei-Ming Chen, Jung-Hsien Chiang, Steven Kelly, et al. "Nuclear pore complex evolution: a trypanosome Mlp analogue functions in chromosomal segregation but lacks transcriptional barrier activity." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 9 (May 2014): 1421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-12-0750.
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The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has dual roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport and chromatin organization. In many eukaryotes the coiled-coil Mlp/Tpr proteins of the NPC nuclear basket have specific functions in interactions with chromatin and defining specialized regions of active transcription, whereas Mlp2 associates with the mitotic spindle/NPC in a cell cycle–dependent manner. We previously identified two putative Mlp-related proteins in African trypanosomes, TbNup110 and TbNup92, the latter of which associates with the spindle. We now provide evidence for independent ancestry for TbNup92/TbNup110 and Mlp/Tpr proteins. However, TbNup92 is required for correct chromosome segregation, with knockout cells exhibiting microaneuploidy and lowered fidelity of telomere segregation. Further, TbNup92 is intimately associated with the mitotic spindle and spindle anchor site but apparently has minimal roles in control of gene transcription, indicating that TbNup92 lacks major barrier activity. TbNup92 therefore acts as a functional analogue of Mlp/Tpr proteins, and, together with the lamina analogue NUP-1, represents a cohort of novel proteins operating at the nuclear periphery of trypanosomes, uncovering complex evolutionary trajectories for the NPC and nuclear lamina.
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Wang, Wenming, Alessandra Devoto, John G. Turner, and Shunyuan Xiao. "Expression of the Membrane-Associated Resistance Protein RPW8 Enhances Basal Defense Against Biotrophic Pathogens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 8 (August 2007): 966–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-8-0966.
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The powdery mildew resistance genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 from Arabidopsis differ from the other isolated plant resistance (R) genes in their predicted protein domains and their resistance spectrum. The two homologous RPW8 genes encode small proteins featuring a predicted amino-terminal transmembrane anchor domain and a coiled-coil domain and confer resistance to a broad spectrum of powdery mildews. Here, we show that Arabidopsis plants expressing the RPW8 genes have enhanced resistance to another biotrophic pathogen, Hyaloperonospora parasitica, raising the possibility that the RPW8 genes may function to enhance salicylic-acid-dependent basal defenses, rather than as powdery-mildew-specific R genes. When overexpressed from their native promoters, the RPW8 genes confer enhanced resistance to the Cauliflower mosaic virus, but render plants more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Alternaria and Botrytis spp. Furthermore, we show that the RPW8 proteins appear to be localized to the endomembrane system, overlapping with the endoplasmic reticulum–associated small GTPase SAR1, and accumulate to higher levels in response to application of exogenous salicylic acid, one of the signaling molecules of plant defense.
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Yamamoto, Akiko, Ken-ichiro Matsunaga, Toyoaki Anai, Hitoshi Kawano, Toshihisa Ueda, Toshihiko Matsumoto, and Shoji Ando. "Characterization of an Intermediate Filament Protein from the Platyhelminth, Dugesia japonica." Protein & Peptide Letters 27, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866526666191025102902.
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Background: Intermediate Filaments (IFs) are major constituents of the cytoskeletal systems in animal cells. Objective: To gain insights into the structure-function relationship of invertebrate cytoplasmic IF proteins, we characterized an IF protein from the platyhelminth, Dugesia japonica, termed Dif-1. Method: cDNA cloning, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical analysis, and IF assembly experiments in vitro using recombinant Dif-1, were performed for protein characterization. Results: The structure deduced from the cDNA sequence showed that Djf-1 comprises 568 amino acids and has a tripartite domain structure (N-terminal head, central rod, and C-terminal tail) that is characteristic of IF proteins. Similar to nuclear IF lamins, Djf-1 contains an extra 42 residues in the coil 1b subdomain of the rod domain that is absent from vertebrate cytoplasmic IF proteins and a nuclear lamin-homology segment of approximately 105 residues in the tail domain; however, it contains no nuclear localization signal. In situ hybridization analysis showed that Djf-1 mRNA is specifically expressed in cells located within the marginal region encircling the worm body. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Djf-1 protein forms cytoplasmic IFs located close to the microvilli of the cells. In vitro IF assembly experiments using recombinant proteins showed that Djf-1 alone polymerizes into IFs. Deletion of the extra 42 residues in the coil 1b subdomain resulted in the failure of IF formation. Conclusions: Together with data from other histological studies, our results suggest that Djf- 1 is expressed specifically in anchor cells within the glandular adhesive organs of the worm and that Djf-1 IFs may play a role in protecting the cells from mechanical stress.
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Kukihara, Hiroshi, Kohji Moriishi, Shuhei Taguwa, Hideki Tani, Takayuki Abe, Yoshio Mori, Tetsuro Suzuki, et al. "Human VAP-C Negatively Regulates Hepatitis C Virus Propagation." Journal of Virology 83, no. 16 (June 10, 2009): 7959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00889-09.
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ABSTRACT Human vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAP) subtype A (VAP-A) and subtype B (VAP-B) are involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking, lipid transport and metabolism, and the unfolded protein response. VAP-A and VAP-B consist of the major sperm protein (MSP) domain, the coiled-coil motif, and the C-terminal transmembrane anchor and form homo- and heterodimers through the transmembrane domain. VAP-A and VAP-B interact with NS5B and NS5A of hepatitis C virus (HCV) through the MSP domain and the coiled-coil motif, respectively, and participate in the replication of HCV. VAP-C is a splicing variant of VAP-B consisting of the N-terminal half of the MSP domain of VAP-B followed by the subtype-specific frameshift sequences, and its biological function has not been well characterized. In this study, we have examined the biological functions of VAP-C in the propagation of HCV. VAP-C interacted with NS5B but not with VAP-A, VAP-B, or NS5A in immunoprecipitation analyses, and the expression of VAP-C inhibited the interaction of NS5B with VAP-A or VAP-B. Overexpression of VAP-C impaired the RNA replication of the HCV replicon and the propagation of the HCV JFH1 strain, whereas overexpression of VAP-A and VAP-B enhanced the replication. Furthermore, the expression of VAP-C was observed in various tissues, whereas it was barely detected in the liver. These results suggest that VAP-C acts as a negative regulator of HCV propagation and that the expression of VAP-C may participate in the determination of tissue tropism of HCV propagation.
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Viswanath, Shruthi, Massimiliano Bonomi, Seung Joong Kim, Vadim A. Klenchin, Keenan C. Taylor, King C. Yabut, Neil T. Umbreit, et al. "The molecular architecture of the yeast spindle pole body core determined by Bayesian integrative modeling." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 23 (November 7, 2017): 3298–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0397.
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Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) form, anchor, and stabilize the polarized network of microtubules in a cell. The central MTOC is the centrosome that duplicates during the cell cycle and assembles a bipolar spindle during mitosis to capture and segregate sister chromatids. Yet, despite their importance in cell biology, the physical structure of MTOCs is poorly understood. Here we determine the molecular architecture of the core of the yeast spindle pole body (SPB) by Bayesian integrative structure modeling based on in vivo fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, and two-hybrid analysis. The model is validated by several methods that include a genetic analysis of the conserved PACT domain that recruits Spc110, a protein related to pericentrin, to the SPB. The model suggests that calmodulin can act as a protein cross-linker and Spc29 is an extended, flexible protein. The model led to the identification of a single, essential heptad in the coiled-coil of Spc110 and a minimal PACT domain. It also led to a proposed pathway for the integration of Spc110 into the SPB.
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Chen, WeiTing, Holly A. Ping, and Laura L. Lackner. "Direct membrane binding and self-interaction contribute to Mmr1 function in mitochondrial inheritance." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 19 (September 15, 2018): 2346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0122.
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Mitochondrial transport and anchoring mechanisms work in concert to position mitochondria to meet cellular needs. In yeast, Mmr1 functions as a mitochondrial adaptor for Myo2 to facilitate actin-based transport of mitochondria to the bud. Posttransport, Mmr1 is proposed to anchor mitochondria at the bud tip. Although both functions require an interaction between Mmr1 and mitochondria, the molecular basis of the Mmr1–mitochondria interaction is poorly understood. Our in vitro phospholipid binding assays indicate Mmr1 can directly interact with phospholipid membranes. Through structure–function studies we identified an unpredicted membrane-binding domain composed of amino acids 76–195 that is both necessary and sufficient for Mmr1 to interact with mitochondria in vivo and liposomes in vitro. In addition, our structure–function analyses indicate that the coiled-coil domain of Mmr1 is necessary and sufficient for Mmr1 self-interaction and facilitates the polarized localization of the protein. Disrupting either the Mmr1–membrane interaction or Mmr1 self-interaction leads to defects in mitochondrial inheritance. Therefore, direct membrane binding and self-interaction are necessary for Mmr1 function in mitochondrial inheritance and are utilized as a means to spatially and temporally regulate mitochondrial positioning.
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Keryer, Guy, Oliwia Witczak, Annie Delouvée, Wolfram A. Kemmner, Danielle Rouillard, Kjetil Taskén, and Michel Bornens. "Dissociating the Centrosomal Matrix Protein AKAP450 from Centrioles Impairs Centriole Duplication and Cell Cycle Progression." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 6 (June 2003): 2436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-09-0614.
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Centrosomes provide docking sites for regulatory molecules involved in the control of the cell division cycle. The centrosomal matrix contains several proteins, which anchor kinases and phosphatases. The large A-Kinase Anchoring Protein AKAP450 is acting as a scaffolding protein for other components of the cell signaling machinery. We selectively perturbed the centrosome by modifying the cellular localization of AKAP450. We report that the expression in HeLa cells of the C terminus of AKAP450, which contains the centrosome-targeting domain of AKAP450 but not its coiled-coil domains or binding sites for signaling molecules, leads to the displacement of the endogenous centrosomal AKAP450 without removing centriolar or pericentrosomal components such as centrin, γ-tubulin, or pericentrin. The centrosomal protein kinase A type II α was delocalized. We further show that this expression impairs cytokinesis and increases ploidy in HeLa cells, whereas it arrests diploid RPE1 fibroblasts in G1, thus further establishing a role of the centrosome in the regulation of the cell division cycle. Moreover, centriole duplication is interrupted. Our data show that the association between centrioles and the centrosomal matrix protein AKAP450 is critical for the integrity of the centrosome and for its reproduction.
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Meng, Fei Wu, Zhen Zhen Sun, and Ya Lin Hu. "Application of Pre-Mixed Abrasive Water Jet to Quit Anchor Underground." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1384.
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In coal production, those supporting anchor generally remain in the rock , at the endof the mine mining .We need to recover the anchors to maximize savings and reducing consumption , and accelerate the working face roof caving in roadway . The paper through the analysis of the disadvantages of traditional anchor back , put forward the application of pre-mixed abrasive water jet technology to the cutting of anchor rod and anchor rope . The experiments show that the technology not only meets the requirements of underground safe production, but has good cutting effect , high efficiency , saving a lot of manpower and time.
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Groth, Anika, Kerstin Schmitt, Oliver Valerius, Britta Herzog, and Stefanie Pöggeler. "Analysis of the Putative Nucleoporin POM33 in the Filamentous Fungus Sordaria macrospora." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090682.
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In the filamentous fungus Sordaria macrospora (Sm), the STRIPAK complex is required for vegetative growth, fruiting-body development and hyphal fusion. The SmSTRIPAK core consists of the striatin homolog PRO11, the scaffolding subunit of phosphatase PP2A, SmPP2AA, and its catalytic subunit SmPP2Ac1. Among other STRIPAK proteins, the recently identified coiled-coil protein SCI1 was demonstrated to co-localize around the nucleus. Pulldown experiments with SCI identified the transmembrane nucleoporin (TM Nup) SmPOM33 as a potential nuclear-anchor of SmSTRIPAK. Localization studies revealed that SmPOM33 partially localizes to the nuclear envelope (NE), but mainly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We succeeded to generate a Δpom33 deletion mutant by homologous recombination in a new S. macrospora Δku80 recipient strain, which is defective in non-homologous end joining. Deletion of Smpom33 did neither impair vegetative growth nor sexual development. In pulldown experiments of SmPOM33 followed by LC/MS analysis, ER-membrane proteins involved in ER morphology, protein translocation, glycosylation, sterol biosynthesis and Ca2+-transport were significantly enriched. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026253. Although no SmSTRIPAK components were identified as putative interaction partners, it cannot be excluded that SmPOM33 is involved in temporarily anchoring the SmSTRIPAK to the NE or other sites in the cell.
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Subramaniam, V. N., E. Loh, H. Horstmann, A. Habermann, Y. Xu, J. Coe, G. Griffiths, and W. Hong. "Preferential association of syntaxin 8 with the early endosome." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 6 (March 15, 2000): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.6.997.
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Members of the syntaxin family play a fundamental role in vesicle docking and fusion of diverse transport events. We have molecularly characterized syntaxin 8, a novel member of the syntaxin family. The nucleotide sequence of cloned rat cDNA predicts a polypeptide of 236 residues with a carboxyl-terminal 18-residue hydrophobic domain that may function as a membrane anchor. Characteristic of syntaxins, syntaxin 8 also contain regions that have the potential to form coiled-coil structures. Among the known syntaxins, syntaxin 8 is most homologous to syntaxin 6 which is predominantly associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The syntaxin 8 transcript is detected in all rat tissues examined by northern blot. Antibodies against recombinant syntaxin 8 recognize a 27 kDa protein that is enriched in membrane fractions containing the Golgi apparatus and the endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Syntaxin 8 in membrane extract could be incorporated into a 20S protein complex in a way that is dependent on the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and soluble NSF attachment protein ((alpha)-SNAP), suggesting that syntaxin 8 is indeed a SNAP receptor (SNARE). Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that the majority of syntaxin 8 is localized to the early endosome marked by Rab5. This is corroborated by immunogold labeling experiments showing enrichment of syntaxin 8 in the early endosome and its co-labeling with Rab5.
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Kangawa, Yumi, Toshinori Yoshida, Yutaka Yonezawa, Kiyoshi Maruyama, Shim-mo Hayashi, and Makoto Shibutani. "Suppression of epithelial restitution using an inhibitor against Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase aggravates colitis through reduced epithelial expression of A-kinase anchor protein 13." Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 69, no. 8 (October 2017): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.05.001.
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Li, Hui, Wen Jiang Liu, and Wei Guo Qiao. "Study on High Prestressed Anchor Beam Supporting Optimization Technology in Deep Roadway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1675.
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Coal mine has stepped into deep mining period in China, in which the ground pressure is great, the stability of the surrounding rock is poor and roadway is seriously destroyed. 3302 trick roadway of Zhaolou coal mine is the kilometers depth roadway, under the condition of original supporting, the roof settling amount and the surrounding rock deformation were large, which made bad effect on safety production. The surrounding rock failure region was monitored by borehole televiewer and ground penetrating radar, and the loosening failure law was analyzed. The scheme of high prestressed anchor beam was proposed according to the detection results, the crack distribution of surrounding rock and the stress of blots and anchors of original scheme and optimized scheme were analyzed by UDEC. The results of numerical simulation and field monitoring showed that increasing prestress of blot and anchors was better for the control of roof separation in anchorage zone and maintaining the integrity of roof, and high prestressed anchor beam can effectively improve the effect of surrounding rock control in roadways.
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Gnaneswar, Sangeetha Morekonda, and Premkumar Sridhar. "Comparison of dual-dimensional and rectangular wires in terms of space closure and anchorage loss during retraction with miniimplants: A prospective clinical study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 14, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2020.008.
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Background . In sliding mechanics, archwires should slide easily during the retraction of anteriors. Round wires slide well, but the torque control is a significant problem. Rectangular wires produce effective torque expression but pose a challenge to free sliding due to factors like friction and force used to overcome friction, etc. To utilize the properties of both wires, the wire should be bi-dimensional. Dual-dimensional wire is one such wire with different dimensions in the anterior and posterior sections. This study aimed to compare the amount of space closure and anchorage loss of molars between the rectangular and dual-dimensional wire groups during retraction with mini-implants. Methods. Forty patients were randomly allocated to two groups (n=20). Patients with rectangular wires formed the control group, and those with dual-dimensional wires formed the experimental group. Mini-implants and NiTi coil springs were used for retraction. Model and cephalometric analyses were carried out to calculate the amount of space closure and anchor loss, before and four months after the study. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. The average amount of space closure was higher with DDW (3.98 mm) than rectangular wire (3.22 mm). The difference was statistically significant. No significant difference was found with anchorage loss. Conclusion. DDW can be used as an alternative to rectangular wires during retraction with mini-implants; however, it cannot replace the rectangular wires completely. Anchorage control was effective with both wires.
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Bhatia, Saurabh. "Rate of Canine Retraction and Anchorage Loss – In Smart Clip versus Conventional Brackets (An in-vivo study)." Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section) 35, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jpfa/2021/27803.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> To analyse the rate of maxillary canine retraction and anchorage loss in Smart Clip Self Ligating (SCSL) and Conventional (CV) brackets. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Forty four subjects were selected for the study requiring sectional maxillary canine retraction in first premolar extraction space during orthodontic treatment. The self ligating bracket (Smart Clip, 3M Unitek) on maxillary canine was compared to CV bracket (APC Victory series) on the contralateral side in a random split-mouth study design. Sectional canine retraction was done with a NiTi coil spring (150 gms force, 9 mm) on 0.016 × 0.022" slot stainless steel wire. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean rate of distal movement of maxillary canine for the conventional (CV) bracket per 28 days was 1.048 mm and 1.027 mm for smart clip self ligating bracket (SCSL). Anchorage loss in molar was 0.586 mm and 0.652 mm for CV and SCSL bracket respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The rate of canine retraction for conventional bracket was faster than self ligating bracket, but not statistically significant (p>0.05). Comparatively, no major difference was found in terms of molar anchor loss between both bracket types. Therefore, this study indicates that conventional brackets are equally efficient as compared to self ligating brackets for segmental canine retraction mechanics.</p>
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Coppo, Marco, Claudio Dongiovanni, and Claudio Negri. "Numerical Analysis and Experimental Investigation of a Common Rail-Type Diesel Injector." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 874–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1787502.
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A production common rail-type injector has been investigated via numerical simulation and experimentation. The functioning principle of the injector has been carefully analyzed so as to obtain a mathematical model of the device. A zero-dimensional approach has been used for modeling the injector, thus considering the variables as function of time only. The analysis of the hydraulic part of the injector resulted in the definition of an equivalent hydraulic scheme, on which basis both the equations of continuity in chambers and flow through nozzles were written. The connecting pipe between common rail and injector, as well as the injector internal line, were modeled according to a one-dimensional approach. The moving mechanical components of the injector, such as needle, pressure rod, and control valve have been modeled using the mass-spring-damper scheme, thus obtaining the equation governing their motion. An electromagnetic model of the control valve solenoid has also been realized, in order to work out the attraction force on the anchor, generated by the electric current when flowing into its coil. The model obtained has been implemented using the MATLAB® toolbox SIMULINK®; the ordinary differential equations were solved by means of an implicit scheme of the second-order accuracy, suitable for problems with high level of stiffness, while the partial differential equations were integrated using the finite-difference Lax-Friedrichs method. The experimental investigation on the common-rail injection system was performed on a test bench at some standard test conditions. Electric current flowing through the injector coil, oil pressure in the common rail and at the injector inlet, injection rate, needle lift, and control valve lift were gauged and recorded during several injection phases. The mean reflux-flow rate and the mean quantity of fuel injected per stroke were also measured. Temperature and pressure of the feeding oil as well as pressure in the rail were continuously controlled during the experimental test. The numerical and experimental results were compared. Afterwards, the model was used to investigate the effect of control volume feeding and discharge holes and of their inlet fillet, as well as the effect of the control volume capacity, on the injector performance.
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Vázquez, María-Isabel, and Mariano Esteban. "Identification of Functional Domains in the 14-Kilodalton Envelope Protein (A27L) of Vaccinia Virus." Journal of Virology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 9098–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.11.9098-9109.1999.
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ABSTRACT The mechanism of entry of vaccinia virus (VV) into cells is still a poorly understood process. A 14-kDa protein (encoded by the A27L gene) in the envelope of intracellular mature virus (IMV) has been implicated in virus-cell attachment, virus-cell fusion, and virus release from cells. We have previously described the structural organization of the VV 14-kDa protein, consisting of a triple-stranded coiled-coil region responsible for oligomer formation and a predicted Leu zipper-like third alpha helix with an important role in the interaction with a 21-kDa membrane protein (encoded by the A17L gene) thought to anchor the 14-kDa protein to the envelope of IMV (M.-I. Vázquez, G. Rivas, D. Cregut, L. Serrano, and M. Esteban, J. Virol. 72:10126–10137, 1998). To identify the functional domains important for virus entry and release, we have generated VV recombinants containing a copy of the A27L gene regulated by the lacIoperator-repressor system of Escherichia coli (VVIndA27L) in the thymidine kinase locus and a mutant form of the A27L gene in the hemagglutinin locus but expressed constitutively under the control of an early-late VV promoter. Cells infected with a VV recombinant that expresses a mutant 14-kDa form lacking the first 29 amino acids at the N terminus failed to form extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). Fusion-from-without assays with purified virus confirmed that the fusion process was mediated by the 14-kDa protein and the fusion domain to be contained within amino acids 29 to 43 of the N-terminal region. Competitive inhibition of the infection process with soluble heparin and synthetic peptides and in vitro experiments with purified mutant proteins identified the heparin binding domain within amino acids 21 to 33, suggesting that this domain is involved in virus-cell binding via heparan sulfate. Thus, the N terminus of the 14-kDa protein contains a heparin binding domain, a fusion domain, and a domain responsible for interacting with proteins or lipids in the Golgi stacks for EEV formation and virus spread.
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Suvorov, Maxim, Sergei B. Vakulenko, and Shahriar Mobashery. "Cytoplasmic-Membrane Anchoring of a Class A β-Lactamase and Its Capacity in Manifesting Antibiotic Resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 8 (May 14, 2007): 2937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00011-07.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial β-lactamases are the major causes of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Three classes of these enzymes are believed to have evolved from ancestral penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes responsible for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Both β-lactamases and PBPs are able to efficiently form acyl-enzyme species with β-lactam antibiotics. In contrast to β-lactamases, PBPs are unable to efficiently turn over antibiotics and therefore are susceptible to inhibition by β-lactam compounds. Although both PBPs and gram-negative β-lactamases operate in the periplasm, PBPs are anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane, but β-lactamases are not. It is believed that β-lactamases shed the membrane anchor in the course of evolution. The significance of this event remains unclear. In an attempt to demonstrate any potential influence of the membrane anchor on the overall biological consequences of β-lactamases, we fused the TEM-1 β-lactamase to the C-terminal membrane-anchor of penicillin-binding protein 5 (PBP5) of Escherichia coli. The enzyme was shown to express well in E. coli and was anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane. Expression of the anchored enzyme did not result in any changes in antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria or growth rates. However, in the process of longer coincubation, the organism that harbored the plasmid for the anchored TEM-1 β-lactamase lost out to the organism transformed by the plasmid for the nonanchored enzyme over a period of 8 days of continuous growth. The effect would appear to be selection of a variant that eliminates the problematic protein through elimination of the plasmid that encodes it and not structural or catalytic effects at the protein level. It is conceivable that an evolutionary outcome could be the shedding of the sequence for the membrane anchor or alternatively evolution of these enzymes from nonanchored progenitors.