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Academic literature on the topic 'Cohorts Treatment'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cohorts Treatment"

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Chang, Lawrence, Peter S. Hall, Luciana Preger, Nikoleta Sjekloca, Estevan Bergamaco, Anne Broe, Plamena Petrova, et al. "Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes among patients (pts) with second-line (2L) and third-line (3L) metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) in England using the Cancer Analysis System (CAS)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.1075.

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1075 Background: TNBC is the most aggressive type of breast cancer due to rapid growth, metastasis, and recurrence post-treatment. This study aimed to assess real-world treatment patterns and survival of pts with mTNBC who received 2L and 3L therapy in England and report OS and PFS of pts receiving 2L therapies stratified by treatment-free interval from the curative setting. Methods: This retrospective study using the CAS database, included pts with mTNBC who received at least three systemic treatments (at least two in metastatic setting) for TNBC during the years 2012 to 2020. Cohort2L included pts with initial early-stage BC diagnosis and treatment (at least two systemic treatments prior to 2L). Cohort3L included pts initially diagnosed with either early-stage TNBC, or de novo advanced TNBC (at least two systemic treatments prior to 3L). The two cohorts are not mutually exclusive. The study outcomes were stratified by cohort (Cohort2L and Cohort3L) and treatment-free interval (<12 m versus ≥12 m from end of curative treatment to start of 1L treatment, Cohort2L only). Kaplan-Meier methods estimated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PFS was proxied by ‘Time to treatment discontinuation or death’ (TTDD). Log-rank tests compared the distribution of OS and PFS for 2L stratified by treatment-free interval (<12 m versus ≥12 m). Results: Cohort2L included 606 pts and Cohort3L included 374 pts. Tumor morphology was similar across Cohorts. Pts at 3L had worse ECOG performance score compared to 2L, and more pts with de novo advanced TNBC had brain metastasis at any point after diagnosis than pts diagnosed with early-stage TNBC. Regimens at 2L for Cohort2L included capecitabine (32%), eribulin (16%), carboplatin and gemcitabine in combination (12%), and paclitaxel (10%). A similar distribution was seen for Cohort3L. Regimens at 3L (Cohort3L only), included eribulin (38%), capecitabine (16%), and paclitaxel (13%). Stratifying Cohort2L by treatment-free interval did not exhibit significant differences in PFS nor OS by log rank tests (Table). Conclusions: This nationwide study, in England, accentuates the significant unmet need in 2L and 3L therapy for mTNBC highlighted by the poor prognosis. The stratification by prior treatment-free interval from curative setting did not show a difference in OS or PFS for patients receiving 2L treatment. [Table: see text]
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Sidiqi, M. Hasib, Mohammed A. Aljama, Francis K. Buadi, Rahma M. Warsame, Martha Q. Lacy, Angela Dispenzieri, David Dingli, et al. "Stem Cell Transplantation for Light Chain Amyloidosis: Decreased Early Mortality Over Time." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 13 (May 1, 2018): 1323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.76.9554.

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Purpose Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has been used in patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis for more than two decades. Early experience raised concerns regarding safety with high early-mortality rates. Patients and Methods We report 20 years of experience with ASCT for AL amyloidosis at the Mayo Clinic Rochester. In all, 672 consecutive patients receiving ASCT for AL amyloidosis were divided into three cohorts on the basis of date of transplantation (cohort 1, 1996-2002 [n = 124]; cohort 2, 2003-2009 [n = 302]; and cohort 3, 2010-2016 [n = 246]). Results The median age for the entire cohort was 59 years, with patients in cohort 3 being slightly older than those in the other two cohorts (60 v 58 v 54 years for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). Fewer patients in cohort 3 had more than two organs involved (9% v 18% v 19% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). More patients received pretransplantation therapy in cohort 3 compared with earlier time periods (49% v 38% v 42% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P = .02). Hematologic response was higher in cohort 3 (84% v 79% v 69% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P = .002). Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 122 months and improved over time (not reached v 120 months v 75 months for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). Treatment-related mortality declined over time (2.4% v 8.6% v 14.5% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, conditioning dose, Mayo stage 2012, and hematologic response were independent predictors of survival. Conclusion ASCT is a highly effective therapy for AL amyloidosis. The improved survival and markedly reduced treatment-related mortality in eligible patients indicate that this will remain an important first-line option even in the era of treatment approaches that use novel agents.
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Sun, Jenny W., Rui Wang, Dongdong Li, and Sengwee Toh. "Use of Linked Databases for Improved Confounding Control: Considerations for Potential Selection Bias." American Journal of Epidemiology 191, no. 4 (January 6, 2022): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab299.

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Abstract Pharmacoepidemiologic studies are increasingly conducted within linked databases, often to obtain richer confounder data. However, the potential for selection bias is frequently overlooked when linked data is available only for a subset of patients. We highlight the importance of accounting for potential selection bias by evaluating the association between antipsychotics and type 2 diabetes in youths within a claims database linked to a smaller laboratory database. We used inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) to control for confounding. In analyses restricted to the linked cohorts, we applied inverse probability of selection weights (IPSW) to create a population representative of the full cohort. We used pooled logistic regression weighted by IPTW only or IPTW and IPSW to estimate treatment effects. Metabolic conditions were more prevalent in linked cohorts compared with the full cohort. Within the full cohort, the confounding-adjusted hazard ratio was 2.26 (95% CI: 2.07, 2.49) comparing initiation of antipsychotics with initiation of control medications. Within the linked cohorts, a different magnitude of association was obtained without adjustment for selection, whereas applying IPSW resulted in point estimates similar to the full cohort’s (e.g., an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.63 became 2.12). Linked database studies may generate biased estimates without proper adjustment for potential selection bias.
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Qin, Shukui, Jiafu Ji, Rui-hua Xu, Wei Wang, Yong Tang, Feng Bi, Jin Li, et al. "Treatment patterns and outcomes in Chinese gastric cancer by HER2 status: A non-interventional registry study (EVIDENCE)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.4025.

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4025 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Trastuzumab (TRA) has been used to treat HER2+ metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) in China since 2012. However, real-world data on effectiveness and safety in Chinese patients are limited. Methods: This prospective, multicenter (85 hospitals), real-world noninterventional registry study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of TRA in five cohorts of Chinese GC patients with different HER2 statuses from April 2013 to June 2018. Effectiveness analysis was conducted in three cohorts: Cohort I (HER2+ mGC with TRA), Cohort II (HER2+ mGC untreated with TRA) and Cohort IV (HER2− mGC untreated with TRA). Safety outcomes of TRA-related adverse events (AEs) were analyzed in Cohort I. Results: Cohorts I, II and IV included 709 patients (174, 113 and 422, respectively; mean age 57.8 years; 72% male); 64.9% of patients were ECOG 0–1, 93.7% had a primary GC tumor and 42.3% were at stage T4. Progressive disease was the cause of death in 32.8%, 27.4% and 29.9% in Cohorts I, II and IV, respectively. Respective mean duration of follow-up was 422.5, 287.5 and 277.5 days. Median overall survival (OS) was 22.3, 17.2 and 17.4 months, respectively. After excluding patients who had surgery, the respective median OS was 19.9, 15.3, and 12.6 months. For the first-line treatment, the median OS in Cohort I was 22.1 months, and the median progression free survival (PFS) was 8.2, 6.9 and 6.2 months in Cohorts I, II and IV, respectively. Response rates (RR) for first-line treatment in Cohorts I, II and IV were 51.7%, 18.4% and 32.8%, respectively. After propensity score matching, OS, PFS and RR were all significantly better in Cohort I versus II (all P<0.05). The most common regimen, TRA+XELOX (capecitabine+oxaliplatin), was estimated to have the longest median OS at 34.6 months. Grade ≥3 AEs were reported in 33.9% (59/174) of patients in Cohort I; anemia was the most common AE (12.1%). Conclusions: TRA improved OS and PFS in Chinese HER2+ mGC patients compared with chemotherapy alone and was well tolerated and effective when combined with a range of other therapies in a real-world setting. Clinical trial information: NCT01839500.
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Lamy, Francois-Xavier, Daniel C. Beachler, Leo J. Russo, Stephan Lanes, Jade Dinh, Devon H. Taylor, Ruihua Yin, Aziza Jamal-Allial, and Patrice Verpillat. "Characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival from three cohorts of advanced or metastatic cancer patients using healthcare claims data in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e13082-e13082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e13082.

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e13082 Background: Our main objective was to identify, in healthcare claims data, patients with advanced or metastatic: urothelial carcinoma (amUC), gastric cancer (amGC) and non-small cell lung cancer (amNSCLC) and to report on their characteristics, treatments, and survival rates using contemporaneous real-world data. Methods: This cohort study was conducted in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD), from January 2010 to January 2018, which contains healthcare claims data from commercial health plans across the US (60 million lives). We applied algorithms, previously validated on registry data, to the HIRD to define 3 cohorts of advanced stage cancer. Cohort characteristics and treatment patterns were described. Patient vital status was captured through probabilistic linkage with the National Death Index (NDI) and survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Algorithms to predict advanced stage cancer resulted in the following cohorts: 1,501 amUC, 6,253 amGC and 38,451 amNSCLC cases. Most patients in each cohort were de novo advanced or metastatic, but subsets were diagnosed at early stage and progressed to advanced stage (ranging from 15.1% for amNSCLC to 23.1% for amUC). Patient characteristics, treatments and survival outcomes are described in Table. Not all received systemic treatment; Immune Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) were used in 5.3%, 2.2% and 10.8% of treated amUC, amGC and amNSCLC patients, respectively. Conclusions: In these cohorts of advanced or metastatic cancer patients, median survival time was limited despite most receiving treatment: radiation, systemic therapy or surgery. Treatment with ICI was low despite recent data in amUC and amNSCLC. Characteristics, treatments, and survival from estimated advanced stage date. [Table: see text]
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Joshi, Vandana, Christine E. Grella, and Yih-Ing Hser. "Drug Use and Treatment Initiation Patterns: Differences by Birth-Cohorts." Journal of Drug Issues 31, no. 4 (October 2001): 1039–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260103100412.

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Data from Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS) were used to examine differences in correlates of early stages of drug use patterns by birth-cohorts and gender. Males showed a steady increase in family problems in each birth cohort, compared to females who showed a higher mean number of family problems in each birth cohort. The findings suggest different correlates of the early stages of drug-use pattern namely; experimentation with drugs before the onset of weekly drug use and early age of escalated or weekly drug use. Experimentation was associated with delayed onset of escalated drug use. “Experimenters” were associated with illegal activities and mental health problems, whereas “early escalators” were associated with childhood and school problems. The positive association of onset of illegal activities and psychological symptoms before the onset of weekly drug use with experimentation and delayed onset of escalated drug use was consistent across gender and birth-cohorts. Similarly, the association of family and school problems with early age of onset of escalated drug use was also consistent across gender and birth cohorts. Treatment providers can benefit from a better understanding of clients' pathways and progression of addiction careers in order to assess their treatment needs.
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Tredan, Olivier, Marie Laurent, Melina Gilberg, Rim Ghorbal, Alexandre Vainchtock, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Martin Prodel, and Julien Dupin. "Innovative Approach for a Typology of Treatment Sequences in Early Stage HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Trastuzumab in the French National Hospital Database." Cancer Informatics 21 (January 2022): 117693512211351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11769351221135134.

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Background: Our objective was to describe the hospital-based systemic treatment sequences in early stage HER2+ breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab in France in 2016. Methods: This retrospective observational study was based on the national hospital discharge database (PMSI). Patients hospitalized for breast cancer in 2016 and administration of trastuzumab between 6 months prior and 1 year after surgery were included. The following treatments were identified: (1) trastuzumab ± chemotherapy; (2) chemotherapy alone; (3) q3w trastuzumab weekly chemotherapy. Hospital admissions for cardiac events before and after the surgery were investigated. An unsupervised machine learning technic called TAK (Time-sequence Analysis through K-clustering) was used to identify and visualize typical systemic treatment sequences. Results: Overall, 3531 patients were included: 2619 adjuvant cohort patients (74.2%) and 912 neoadjuvant cohort patients (25.8%). The mean age was 56.4 years (±12.3), 99.7% patients were female. Treatment initiation occurred within 6 weeks of the surgery in 58% and 92% of patients, and trastuzumab treatment lasted 12 months (±1 month) in 75% and 66% of patients in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant cohorts, respectively. Nevertheless, 12% and 22% of patients were treated with trastuzumab for <11 months in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant cohorts, respectively. There was not one standard sequence of treatments per cohort, but 4 and 3 typical treatment sequences in the adjuvant and the neoadjuvant cohorts, respectively, plus 2 treatment sequences with an early treatment withdrawal. The frequency of patients with ⩾1 hospital stay with a cardiac event was higher among patients with an early treatment withdrawal. Conclusions: The treatment sequences of most patients were in line with the recommendations in force. The machine learning approach provided a telling visual display of the results, thereby allowing healthcare professionals, health authorities, patients, and care givers to see the whole picture of the hospital-administered drug strategies.
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Kuykendall, Andrew, Chetasi Talati, Najla Al Ali, Eric Padron, David Sallman, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Kendra L. Sweet, Alan F. List, Kenneth S. Zuckerman, and Rami S. Komrokji. "Comparing Eras: Assessing Treatment Trends before and after Ruxolitinib Approval." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3124.3124.

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Abstract Background: Ruxolitinib is a JAK1/2 inhibitor that gained FDA approval for treatment of intermediate and high-risk myelofibrosis (MF) in 2011. Prior to ruxolitinib, a variety of treatments were used for myelofibrosis, with variable efficacy. Even in the ruxolitinib era, treatment decisions are primarily focused on symptom management, as no treatment, other than allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (allo-HSCT) has shown to have a strong disease-modifying effect. Ruxolitinib significantly improves splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms associated with MF. Here, we aim to compare MF treatments before and after ruxolitinib approval to assess treatment patterns and impact on clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that an increased use of ruxolitinib after its FDA-approval would affect those with constitutional symptoms and/or splenomegaly and correlate with decreased use of other treatments aimed at these symptoms. Methods: This was a single institution, retrospective study of all patients with a diagnosis of MF who were seen at our center between 2/2001 and 6/2016. The World Health Organization 2016 definition of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) was used for confirmation of diagnosis. Initial treatment was defined as first treatment after diagnosis of MF. Specific phenotypes were assigned retrospectively based on chart review reflecting the patient's initial complaints which led to diagnosis. Results: We identified 312 eligible patients. This group was divided into two cohorts: those diagnosed prior to the ruxolitinib era (cohort PRE, n = 177) and those diagnosed in the ruxolitinib era (cohort POST, n = 135). Demographics (gender, race, age at diagnosis) and presenting features were comparable between the cohorts. In the PRE cohort, JAK2 inhibitor use occurred in the setting of a clinical trial as well as in patients who were diagnosed prior to ruxolitinib approval, but first received treatment after its approval. In this cohort, 25% of patients received a JAK2 inhibitor, with 36% of these patients receiving it as frontline therapy (see figure 1). This compared to 44% of POST patients who received a JAK-2 inhibitor, with 69% receiving it in the frontline setting. POST patients were, more likely to receive ruxolitinib overall (OR 2.28, p = 0.001) and as first-line therapy (OR 4.49, p < 0.0001). POST patients were less likely to receive an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) overall (OR 0.40, p = 0.0003) and as first line therapy (OR 0.51, p = 0.02). Thalidomide was also less commonly used in the POST patients (OR 0.34, P = 0.003). The use of hydroxyurea was similar between cohorts. When stratified based on the presence of constitutional symptoms (CS) and/or splenomegaly (S), patients most commonly received an ESA, JAK-2 inhibitor, or hydroxyurea as frontline therapy (see figure 2). When both CS and S were present, patients more commonly received the latter two options. Patients presenting with CS and S were more likely to receive ruxolitinib as first line therapy in the POST cohort compared to the PRE (OR 5.5, p = 0.0004); however, the use of first line hydroxyurea was not significantly different between the PRE and POST cohorts (p = 0.28). In all, ten separate frontline treatments were used in the symptomatic PRE cohort while only five were utilized in POST patients. In patients presenting without constitutional symptoms or splenomegaly, there was no difference in initial treatment strategy in the PRE and POST cohorts, and ruxolitinib was rarely utilized in this patient population. No difference in overall survival (OS) was noted between the two cohorts. Conclusion:After FDA-approval, ruxolitinib has emerged as the most common first-line treatment option for MF, specifically in patients with constitutional symptoms and splenomegaly, with decreased up-front use of thalidomide, ESAs and hydroxyurea. Patients presenting without constitutional symptoms or splenomegaly were no more likely to received ruxolitinib in the post-approval era, indicating a preference for alternative treatment options in this group. Longer follow up is needed to assess survival impact of frontline ruxolitinib use in our patient population. Disclosures Sweet: Karyopharm: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Incyte Corporation: Research Funding. Komrokji:Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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Goetz, Michal, Chin-Bin Yeh, Igor Ondrejka, Aynur Akay, Ilona Herczeg, Iuliana Dobrescu, Boong Nyun Kim, et al. "A 12-Month Prospective, Observational Study of Treatment Regimen and Quality of Life Associated With ADHD in Central and Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia." Journal of Attention Disorders 16, no. 1 (September 21, 2010): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054710381480.

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Objectives: This prospective, observational, non-randomized study aimed to describe the relationship between treatment regimen prescribed and the quality of life (QoL) of ADHD patients in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Eastern Asia over 12 months. Methods: 977 Male and female patients aged 6-17 years seeking treatment for symptoms of ADHD were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4 Parent Checklists, and the Clinical Global Impressions-ADHD-Severity scale. QoL was assessed using the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition parent report form. Patients were grouped according to whether they were prescribed psycho- and/or pharmacotherapy (treatment) or not (no/‘other’ treatment). Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between cohorts (treatment vs. no/‘other’ treatment) in terms of change in QoL, although there was improvement over 12 months, with a greater improvement experienced by patients in the treatment cohort in both study regions (CEE and Eastern Asia). Psychoeducation/counselling and methylphenidate were the predominant ADHD treatments prescribed. Conclusions: Although both treatment and no/‘other’ treatment cohorts showed improvements in mean QoL over 12 months, the difference was small and not statistically significant. A major limitation was the higher than anticipated number of patients switching treatments, predominantly from the no/‘other’ treatment cohort.
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Beachler, Daniel C., Francois-Xavier Lamy, Leo J. Russo, Stephan Lanes, Jade Dinh, Devon H. Taylor, Ruihua Yin, Aziza Jamal-Allial, and Patrice Verpillat. "Characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival from three cohorts of advanced or metastatic cancer patients using health care claims data in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.129.

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129 Background: Our main objective was to identify, in healthcare claims data, patients with advanced or metastatic: urothelial carcinoma (amUC), gastric cancer (amGC) and non-small cell lung cancer (amNSCLC) and to report on their characteristics, treatments, and survival rates using contemporaneous real-world data. Methods: This cohort study was conducted in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD), from January 2010 to January 2018, which contains healthcare claims data from commercial health plans across the US (60 million lives). We applied algorithms, previously validated on registry data, to the HIRD to define 3 cohorts of advanced stage cancer. Cohort characteristics and treatment patterns were described. Patient vital status was captured through probabilistic linkage with the National Death Index (NDI) and survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Algorithms to predict advanced stage cancer resulted in the following cohorts: 1,501 amUC, 6,253 amGC and 38,451 amNSCLC cases. Most patients in each cohort were de novo advanced or metastatic, but subsets were diagnosed at early stage and progressed to advanced stage (ranging from 15.1% for amNSCLC to 23.1% for amUC). Patient characteristics, treatments and survival outcomes are described in Table 1. Not all received systemic treatment; Immune Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) were used in 5.3%, 2.2% and 10.8% of treated amUC, amGC and amNSCLC patients, respectively. Conclusions: In these cohorts of advanced or metastatic cancer patients, median survival time was limited despite most receiving treatment: radiation, systemic therapy or surgery. Treatment with ICI was low despite recent data in amUC and amNSCLC.[Table: see text]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cohorts Treatment"

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Davies, Mary-Ann. "Outcomes and effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children in South African treatment cohorts." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9382.

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Since 2004, increasing numbers of children in sub-Saharan Africa have commenced antiretroviral therapy (ART). This thesis reviews the outcomes of published studies of paediatric ART cohorts in Africa, describes outcomes for children receiving ART in South Africa and examines determinants of mortality and generalizability across the Southern African region. Temporal trends in characteristics at ART initiation are also examined. The measurement of treatment success in resource-limited settings is reviewed, by examining virological failure, and assessing the diagnostic accuracy of immunological criteria for identifying virological failure.The results chapter is presented in the form of published or submitted papers based on data from the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS-Southern Africa (IeDEASA) collaboration. The first paper reviews paediatric ART studies from Africa published before 2008. Together with the literature review in chapter 1, it provides the background to this thesis. The second paper reports on mortality (8%) and retention in care (81%) by 3 years after ART start for > 6,000 children who initiated ART in South Africa. The generalizable prognostic models in the third paper suggest that mortality during the first year on ART ranges from <2% to >45%, with the majority of children being in the group with the best prognosis. The fourth paper reports that 1 in 5 children meet criteria for confirmed virological failure by 3 years on ART. The risk is greater with triple ART containing nevirapine or unboosted ritonavir (in comparison with lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz). The fifth and sixth papers demonstrate that immunological criteria have low sensitivity and positive predictive value for virological failure. Targeted viral load measurement reduces the number of false positive virological failure diagnoses. The final paper shows that increasing numbers of children have initiated ART with a decline in disease severity at therapy start from 2005-2010. However, even in 2010 a substantial number of children started ART with advanced disease. The thesis concludes that access to ART for children has increased, with good outcomes. HIV cohort research is important in evaluating the safety and effectiveness of different models of care, treatment and monitoring strategies.
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Seleke, Rachel. "A comparison of treatment response in two cohorts of once daily HAART and twice daily HAART in a sample population in Gaborone, Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80462.

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Thesis (MFamMed) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Sub-Saharan Africa has been hard hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic with an estimated 22.9 million adults infected in 2010. The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has seen significant reduction in mortality from AIDS related illnesses. With the reduction of mortality and the indisputable positive results seen from the use of Anti-retroviral Treatment (ART), the demand both from people living with HIV and health care providers to phase in less toxic ARVs while maintaining simplified fixed-dose combinations has increased considerably. Botswana like most low-resource countries has adapted the WHO recommendation of daily ART as opposed to the previous twice daily HAART. No evidence from resource limited settings has been found that clearly indicates the superiority of regimens based on AZT, d4T or TDF. Aim The primary aim was to compare treatment response between two cohorts. The secondary aim was to compare any association of regimen to age or gender. Objectives To comparatively determine treatment response at 3 months based on immunological response (shown by an increase in CD4 above pre-therapy levels) and viral load response. Methods The study is a retrospective comparative cohort study. Three ART sites were selected from a total of 6 sites. A sample size of 263 was required to achieve a 90% effect power. An equal number of patient records were reviewed per site and each arm had an equal number of reviewed records. A total of 286 patient record files which fit the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analysed and data entered in Excel before being analysed using Statistica Version 10. A p <0.05 represents statistical significance whilst a 95% confidence interval was used for estimation of unknown variables. Results n=263. The overall sample was predominantly male (75.19%). An overwhelming majority (95.88%) of patients in both arms had undetectable viral loads (VL<400). A significant association was found between the regimen and viral load (p=0.0315-Pearson Chi Test). The difference in CD4 between the two arms was not statistically significant (p=0.655890-ANOVA). A positive association was found between the regimen and gender (p=0.03190-Pearson Chi Test). This was possibly owing to the high numbers of males and no statistical adjustment to gender made. No association was found in the difference in CD4 cell counts for regimen and gender (p=0.612191-Anova). Conclusion Treatment response at 3 months post initiation between once daily and twice daily HAART in Gaborone Botswana by use of virologic and immunologic response has been shown to be comparable. The use of one regimen over the other as first line as recommended by WHO and the subsequent adoption of the current first line regimen by the Botswana Ministry of Health may be justified. This study has therefore reinforced the applicability of previous findings in other settings of this recommendation. As part of the targeted audience and indeed as a partner in the care and management of HIV, the responsibility to ensure applicability of the recommendations set out for resource limited areas has been achieved through this study. However, bigger randomized trials in resource limited settings are needed to justify and accredit these findings as well as add to the evidence obtained in developed countries.
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Groah, Joseph S. "Treatment of fourth class midshipmen : hazing and its impact on academic and military performance and psychological and physical health /." Thesis, access online version, 2005. http://www.usna.edu/IR/htmls/lead/database/cohort8/c08%5Foakes.pdf.

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Langwenya, Nontokozo. "Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV-infected pregnant women starting treatment immediately vs delayed: a cohort study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22899.

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Introduction: Use of highly effective antiretroviral drugs to eliminate new paediatric HIV infections is the keystone of all prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes. Time on antiretroviral treatment (ART) before delivery reduces maternal viral load and decreases the risk of transmission in utero, during labour and whilst breastfeeding. Currently, many PMTCT programmes across Africa initiate HIV-infected pregnant women on lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the first day of antenatal care ("same-day" initiation). However concerns have been raised regarding patient readiness and whether same-day initiation in pregnancy may contribute to subsequent ART non-adherence. Methods: As part of a larger study of ART in pregnancy, consecutive ART-eligible pregnant women making their first antenatal care (ANC) visit at a primary care facility in Cape Town, South Africa were enrolled into a prospective cohort between March 2013 and June 2014. Before July 2013, eligibility was based on CD4 cell count ≤350 cells/μL ("Option A"), with a 1-2 week delay from the first ANC visit to ART initiation; thereafter all women were eligible regardless of CD4 cell count ("Option B+") and typically offered ART on the same day as first ANC visit. All women received standardized counselling before starting a fixed-dose regimen. Study interviews were conducted separately from the ART service through one week postpartum with self-reported adherence from 30- day recall. Results: Among 625 consecutive ART-eligible women (median age, 28 years; median gestation, 21 weeks; 55% newly diagnosed with HIV), 72% of women started ART same-day; this proportion was higher under "Option B+" versus "Option A" (p< 0.001). Of those with adherence assessments data available (n=618), 29% reported at least one missed ART dose during pregnancy. Missed doses were reported more frequently among women with previous use of PMTCT (p=0.014), of younger age (p=0.029) and starting ART under Option B+ (p=0.019). In women initiating ART same-day, 31% reported a missed dose compared to 23% among women who delayed ART start following first ANC visit (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI: 0.61 – 1.88). This finding did not vary after adjustment for demographic and clinical measures, and was consistent when restricted to women with CD4 cell counts ≤350 cells/μL. Conclusions: These results suggest same-day ART initiation in pregnant women is not associated with increased non-adherence during the antenatal period. While these results are reassuring for ART programmes implementing "Option B+", further research is required to examine adherence over time, particularly postpartum.
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Olson, Karen. "Comparison of two treatments for fingertip amputation : a retrospective cohort study." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002164.

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Pan, Yi-Ju. "Economic evaluations of antidepressant treatments : a national cohort study in Taiwan." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/economic-evaluations-of-antidepressant-treatments(306d9beb-b8d9-4aa6-b41d-d11e570d41f9).html.

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Given the marked personal, social and economic impacts, depressive disorder creates significant demands on individuals, health service providers and society as a whole. Antidepressant drugs remain the mainstay of treatment for depression for most people in contact with healthcare services and the last 20 years have seen dramatic changes in antidepressant prescription patterns. Initially, there was an increase in the use of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and subsequently, other novel antidepressant agents with different pharmacological mechanisms entered the market. Given the range of choices, clinicians must decide about which is the most appropriate intervention for their patients. To this end, knowledge regarding the relative cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of individual antidepressants is important. Therefore, in this thesis, a systematic review was first conducted to assess methodological approaches in economic evaluations of pharmacological treatments using database analyses. Based on the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, a cost analysis was conducted to identify which demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with healthcare costs of patients with depression. Compared to patients prescribed SSRIs, those prescribed older antidepressants had lower total and psychiatric costs, while patients prescribed serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and other newer antidepressants had higher total and psychiatric costs. The baseline comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and headache were also associated with healthcare costs over the 12-month period. To further assess the longer-term economic impacts, a set of database outcome statuses (sustained treatment-free status, continuous treatment, and late re-contact) were then applied to explore factors associated with outcome status following initial treatments and to examine healthcare costs over the following three years by outcome status. Theresults showed the initial outcome status could exert an impact on total healthcarecosts in the second and third years after commencing treatments. Finally, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility were compared between different categories of antidepressant treatments and also to test whether and how the presence of CVD, the most prevalent comorbid physical illness in this cohort, affects these results. The results showed that SSRIs are more cost-effective than tricyclic antidepressants and SNRIs regardless of comorbid CVD. There are various limitations to be considered in these analyses, including the limited scope of costs, the lack of clinical information, and the adoption of utility scores from previous studies. Further efforts to elucidate the relationship between depression treatments, costs and outcomes for longer period of follow up are warranted.
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McNeil, Alexander John. "Statistical methods in AIDS progression studies with an analysis of the Edinburgh City Hospital Cohort." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307053.

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Feng, Lili. "Cocaine use among drug users in Methadone treatment: results from the Amsterdam cohort study." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406728675.

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Akin, Faith W., Kristal M. Riska, Laura Williams, Stephanie B. Rouse, and Owen D. Murnane. "Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in a Cohort of Veterans." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1780.

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Background: The Mountain Home Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center has been diagnosing and treating veterans with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) for almost 2 decades. The clinic protocol includes a 2-week follow-up visit to determine the treatment outcome of the canalith repositioning treatment (CRT). To date, the characteristics of BPPV and treatment efficacy have not been reported in a cohort of veterans with BPPV. Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of veterans diagnosed with BPPV in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center Audiology Clinic and to examine treatment outcomes. Research Design: Retrospective chart review. Study Sample: A total of 102 veterans who tested positive for BPPV in the Vestibular Clinic at the Mountain Home VA Medical Center from March 2010 to August 2011. Results: In 102 veterans who were diagnosed with BPPV, the posterior semicircular canal was most often involved (75%), motion-provoked vertigo was the most common symptom (84%), and the majority (43%) were diagnosed with BPPV in their sixth decade. The prevalence of BPPV in the Audiology Vestibular Clinic was 15.6%. Forty-one percent of veterans reported a symptom onset within 12 months of treatment for BPPV; however, 36% reported their symptoms began > 36 months prior to treatment. CRT was effective (negative Dix–Hallpike/roll test) in most veterans (86%) following 1 treatment appointment (M = 1.6), but more than half reported incomplete symptom resolution (residual dizziness) at the follow-up appointment. Eighteen percent of veterans experienced a recurrence (M = 1.8 years; SD = 1.7 years). Conclusions: The characteristics and treatment outcomes of BPPV in our veteran cohort was similar to what has been reported in the general population. Future work should focus on improving the timeliness of evaluation and treatment of BPPV and examining the time course and management of residual dizziness.
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Gilmore, Annette. "Feasibility and utility of a sickle cell disease registry for research and patient management." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4445.

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This thesis aimed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of a sickle cell disease registry for clinical patient management and research. Five hospitals out of nine in the North West London health region participated in the registry, with 78 percent coverage of the sickle cell disease population. There was 80% case ascertainment in participating hospitals. Aggregated anonymised demographic and diagnostic data was collected for all haemoglobinopathy patients. This provided the core dataset for quantifying prevalence of sickle cell and thalassaemia and mapping local hospital workloads and service requirements. Thirteen percent of HbSS adult patients were taking hydroxycarbamide. The cohort of patients treated with hydroxycarbamide was evaluated. Sixty two of the 80 patients started on treatment were included. Follow-up was censored after 9 years, totalling 249 person-years of data with a median follow-up of three years (IQR, 1-6). Results showed that haematological benefits were maintained in the long-term with treatment, but evidence of long-term clinical effectiveness was less strong. This appeared to be due to the patterns of clinical management in everyday practice. Patients tend to be treated with modest doses of hydroxycarbamide due to intolerance or inability to attain or maintain maximum tolerated dose. For example maximum tolerated dose was the aim of treatment for 91% of patients but it was achieved for 65% of participants. Non- compliance with treatment and monitoring schedule was the main reason for non- attainment. Results suggest that it is sensible to strive for maximum tolerated dose to ensure therapy remains effective, but with more realistic expectations of the dose patients can attain and maintain. Doses in adult patients average 20mg/kg/day and 25mg/kg/day in children. Adult patients may be able to achieve a higher dose, if there was more stringent monitoring and improved management of non-compliance. The North West London HU Sub-Registry proved useful for measuring long-term effectiveness and tolerability of hydroxycarbamide. Routinely collected data was utilized for both clinical management and research purposes. The novelty lay in examination of the nuances of routine clinical practice. An electronic patient record was developed as a clinical management tool. It is the first study reporting long-term outcomes for UK sickle cell disease patients on hydroxycarbamide. Findings should help clinicians devise effective treatment protocols and strategies for managing patients commenced on this therapy. Interventions need to be targeted at increasing utilisation, patient adherence and persistence with treatment. The electronic patient record could be used to maximise treatment benefit and improve adherence. More effective involvement of the multidisciplinary team and primary care colleagues in patient education and management should improve usage. Patients and carers need up to date and easy to assimilate information to make informed decisions about treatment options. Maintaining a SCD registry is challenging. Models which operate as clinical information systems provide an incentive for participation. These enable active involvement of local care providers in registry management and the ability to keep and utilize their own data. Clinicians require accurate and current data for patient management and to enable them to benchmark their local outcomes against national outcomes and care standards.
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Books on the topic "Cohorts Treatment"

1

M, Bray Robert, Hubbard Robert L, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Division of Clinical Research., Research Triangle Institute, and Treatment Outcome Prospective Study, eds. Drug use before and during drug abuse treatment: 1979-1981 TOPS admission cohorts. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Division of Clinical Research, 1985.

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Ambros, Uchtenhagen, ed. Prescription of narcotics for heroin addicts: Main result of the Swiss national cohort study. Basel: Karger, 1999.

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D, Nelson Heidi, United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality., and Oregon Health & Science University. Evidence-based Practice Center., eds. Management of menopause-related symptoms. [Rockville, Md.]: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2005.

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Drug abuse treatment client characteristics and pretreatment behaviors: 1979-1981 TOPS admission cohorts. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Division of Clinical Research, 1986.

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Rosell, Daniel R., and Larry J. Siever. The Neurobiology and Genetics of Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0012.

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This chapter focuses on the neurobiology of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) as well as schizotypy or attenuated schizophrenia-spectrum traits present among the general population, as opposed to clinical cohorts. It can be assumed that a better understanding of the neurobiology of SPD will hopefully lead to enhancements of the diagnosis and treatment of this complex, impairing, yet understudied, condition and the assessment of novel therapeutics. The chapter first characterizes the SPD construct, then turns to the genetics and development of SPD, followed by a review of studies employing nonimaging, laboratory measures. Then anatomical, functional, and neurochemical imaging findings are discussed.
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Hobbs, Richard. Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199544769.003.0002.

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• Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the world• The evidence base for the causes of CHD and for the interventions which reduce CHD risk is huge• Since CHD is multi-factorial, risk factors tend to co-exist in many patients, and are multiplicative in their influence on overall risk, making identifying people at highest risk clinically difficult• CHD risk scores have been developed, based on observed CHD rates amongst well-phenotyped patient cohorts followed up over years. These express absolute risk over a defined period and are the most practical method for determining which people have the most to gain from treatment interventions• Evidence-based interventions include smoking cessation, lifestyle modification in terms of diet and exercise, anti-hypertensives for elevated blood pressure, and ‘statins’ for hyperlipidaemia• Clinical guidelines for CHD prevention provide recommendations on specific targets for blood pressure and lipid-lowering therapy.
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Guo, Yong, and Claudia F. Lucchinetti. Taking a Microscopic Look at Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0005.

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The pathology of multiple sclerosis is complex, extends beyond the white matter plaque, and is influenced by stage of demyelinating activity, clinical course, disease duration, and treatment. Technological advances in immunology, molecular biology, and “omic” biology have provided novel insights into the mechanisms for development of white matter plaques, axonal damage, cortical demyelination, and disease progression. Detailed, systematic, and statistically rigorous pathological studies on clinically well-characterized MS cohorts have helped define the heterogeneous pathological substrates of MS and unravel the complex molecular pathogenic mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of identifying targets for therapeutic interventions. It is increasingly clear that the use of human tissues is imperative to improve current diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic modalities. Preclinical animal models have been invaluable for discovery of key immune processes, basic disease mechanisms, and candidate immune targeting strategies, but the conclusions have yet be reconciled with the essential features of the human disease.
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Neisius, Andreas, Michael E. Lipkin, and Glenn M. Preminger. Kidney stone treatment. Edited by John Reynard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0022.

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Following the first large cohort of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) reported by Alken in 1981, PCNL has subsequently become the preferred treatment method for large and/or complex renal and large proximal ureteral calculi. Current guidelines recommend PCNL as first-line therapy for all renal calculi ≥20 mm and for lower pole stones ≥15 mm. In this chapter we review the current indications, techniques, and outcomes of PCNL. Nowadays stone-free rates of approximately 70% overall can be achieved with PCNL, while at experienced high-volume centres, stone-free rates can approach 100%. While generally percutaneous nephrolithotomy has low morbidity, nonetheless significant complications can occur and the diagnosis, treatment, and preventative measures of these complications are presented in this chapter.
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Sullivan, Maria, and Frances Levin, eds. Addiction in the Older Patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392063.001.0001.

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Addictive disorders in older adults are underdiagnosed and undertreated. An important reason for this lack of recognition of a serious health problem is a paucity of clinical knowledge about how such disorders present in this population. The presentation for alcohol and substance use disorders in the elderly can be confusing, given the metabolic changes and concurrent conditions associated with aging, together with interactions between alcohol and prescribed psychoactive drugs. Further, screening instruments have not been validated for this population. Brief interventions may be effective but should take into account contextual needs such as medical conditions, cognitive decline, and mobility limitations. Treatment strategies, including detoxification regimens, need to be modified for older patients and - in the case of opioid dependence - must address the management of chronic pain in this population. Ironically, benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed psychoactive medication in the elderly, despite older individuals' greater sensitivity to side effects and toxicity. Older women are at particularly heightened vulnerability for iatrogenic dependence on sedatives and hypnotics. More clinical research data are needed to inform screening and referral strategies, behavioral therapies, and pharmacological treatment. At the same time, emerging technologies such as communication tools and monitoring devices offer important opportunities to advance addiction treatment and recovery management in older adults. Although research to date has been limited in this population, recent data suggest that treatment outcomes are equal or better to those seen in younger cohorts.
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Lawrence, Paszat, and Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment., eds. A population-based cohort study of surveillance mammography after treatment of primary breast cancer. Ottawa: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cohorts Treatment"

1

Henry-Amar, M. "Second cancers after treatment in two successive cohorts of patients with early stages of Hodgkin’s disease." In Malignant Lymphomas and Hodgkin’s Disease: Experimental and Therapeutic Advances, 417–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2607-6_45.

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Tavazzi, Erica, Camille L. Gerard, Olivier Michielin, Alexandre Wicky, Roberto Gatta, and Michel A. Cuendet. "A Process Mining Approach to Statistical Analysis: Application to a Real-World Advanced Melanoma Dataset." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 291–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72693-5_22.

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AbstractThanks to its ability to offer a time-oriented perspective on the clinical events that define the patient’s path of care, Process Mining (PM) is assuming an emerging role in clinical data analytics. PM’s ability to exploit time-series data and to build processes without any a priori knowledge suggests interesting synergies with the most common statistical analyses in healthcare, in particular survival analysis. In this work we demonstrate contributions of our process-oriented approach in analyzing a real-world retrospective dataset of patients treated for advanced melanoma at the Lausanne University Hospital. Addressing the clinical questions raised by our oncologists, we integrated PM in almost all the steps of a common statistical analysis. We show: (1) how PM can be leveraged to improve the quality of the data (data cleaning/pre-processing), (2) how PM can provide efficient data visualizations that support and/or suggest clinical hypotheses, also allowing to check the consistency between real and expected processes (descriptive statistics), and (3) how PM can assist in querying or re-expressing the data in terms of pre-defined reference workflows for testing survival differences among sub-cohorts (statistical inference). We exploit a rich set of PM tools for querying the event logs, inspecting the processes using statistical hypothesis testing, and performing conformance checking analyses to identify patterns in patient clinical paths and study the effects of different treatment sequences in our cohort.
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Williamson, Carolyn, Lynn Morris, Nigel Garrett, Penny Moore, Wendy Burgers, and Koleka Mlisana. "From Bench to Bedside: Lessons from HIV Natural History Cohort Studies." In The CAPRISA Clinical Trials: HIV Treatment and Prevention, 137–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47518-9_10.

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Yasuda, Takashi, Yoshinari Yasuda, Sachiko Ohde, Osamu Takahashi, Tetsuya Kawamura, and Seiichi Matsuo. "Validity of the Japanese Clinical Grade Criteria: Results from the Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in IgA Nephropathy." In Pathogenesis and Treatment in IgA Nephropathy, 331–38. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55588-9_20.

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Adam, Terrence J., and Chih-Lin Chi. "Big Data Cohort Extraction for Personalized Statin Treatment and Machine Learning." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 255–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9089-4_14.

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Bandera, Elisa V., Chi-Chen Hong, and Bo Qin. "Impact of Obesity and Related Factors in Breast Cancer Survivorship Among Hispanic Women." In Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos, 163–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3_14.

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AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanic women. The number of Hispanic breast cancer survivors is increasing because the US Hispanic population is fast-growing and breast cancer survival is improving. However, this vulnerable population has received little attention. Obesity and weight gain affect Hispanic and African American/Black women disproportionately. Obesity affects several factors relevant to cancer survivorship, including cancer treatment and patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (QoL). As a first step toward addressing these issues, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of assembling a cohort of Hispanic breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Methods were similar to those used in the ongoing Women’s Circle of Health Follow-Up Study, a cohort of African American/Black breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Hispanic breast cancer survivors were very interested and willing to participate. There were interesting differences in body mass index and central adiposity between Hispanic and African American/Black breast cancer survivors, but both groups had a high prevalence of body fatness and comorbidities. Hispanic breast cancer survivors had lower QoL, particularly obese women. More research is needed to understand survivorship needs in minority and medically underserved women after a breast cancer diagnosis.
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Kewitz, H., G. Härter, U. Feldmann, G. Kreutz, M. Nitz, and E. Unger. "Observational Cohort Study in General Practice: Differences and Equivalences Among Analgesics for Treatment of Colic Pain." In Epidemiological Concepts in Clinical Pharmacology, 73–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71043-8_9.

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Tinhofer, Ingeborg. "The Role of Liquid Biopsies for Monitoring Disease Evolution." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 53–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_4.

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AbstractBody fluids of cancer patients have attracted increasing attention in biomedical research within the last 15 years since—as so-called liquid biopsies—they represent a non-invasive source of clinically exploitable biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA). Assessment of CTCs in peripheral blood from solid cancer patients has proven useful for detection of subclinical disease which otherwise remains invisible for current staging techniques. Based on results from large cohort studies in breast and colon cancer, diagnostic tests for enumeration of CTCs have been developed which can be used for tumor staging, prognosis, and post-treatment surveillance. Circulating plasma DNA derived from Epstein–Barr or human papilloma viruses has been established as a sensitive and highly specific biomarker for early cancer detection and disease monitoring. More recently, first studies have been initiated for studying the diagnostic value of mutant variants in plasma-derived ctDNA for treatment selection, response assessment and early detection of treatment failure.Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a malignancy associated with locoregionally advanced stage at presentation, dismal prognosis and little improvement in treatment outcome over the past decade, especially for patients with metastatic disease. HNSCC patients might therefore benefit from incorporation of liquid biopsy-based assays in clinical management. In the following chapters, I will summarize current evidence of the diagnostic value of liquid biopsies in HNSCC and give examples of potential clinical applications.
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Sapin, V., G. Marceau, C. Jacomet, C. Boniol, L. Cormerai, H. Laurichesse, B. Dastugue, J. Beytout, and O. Boespflug-Tanguy. "Hyperlactatemia and HIV-infected Patients with Nucleoside Analog Reverse-transcriptase Inhibitors Treatment: the Clermont HIV Cohort Study." In Mitochondrial Disorders, 153–60. Paris: Springer Paris, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0929-8_12.

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Chase, J. G., T. Desaive, and J. C. Preiser. "Virtual Patients and Virtual Cohorts: A New Way to Think About the Design and Implementation of Personalized ICU Treatments." In Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, 435–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27349-5_35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cohorts Treatment"

1

Randall, M., S. De Bernard, I. Seghers, N. Verbruggen, S. Lim, B. Van Den Blink, C. Andersen, et al. "Assessment of a relationship between prognostic biomarkers and treatment response in ISABELA1 &2 IPF cohorts." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.846.

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Ayere, Mildred. "Blended Learning Approach to Integrating Research Competency in Undergraduate Teacher Education Programme for Mathematics Students at Maseno University." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.8711.

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Unemployment in Kenya relates closely to under skilling of learners arising specifically from teachers whose research potential has not been well harnessed through the present education system. In any teaching situation, the faculty’s role is to facilitate, guide, and motivate the learning process— training students to be lifelong learners and critical thinkers. Because information in the world is constantly changing, there is need to learn how to evaluate, integrate, and apply information, not simply memorizing accepted facts and theories. It is for these reasons that this study sought show how that undergraduate research skills lead to lifelong learning for teachers. This project used a quasi-experimental design (Pre-test/Post-test Design), with 3rd year Mathematics students of Maseno in the experimental cohort (Taken through an online facilitated research course but supervised face to face in both cohorts) of students and same cohort students from Kenyatta University in the control group (Taken through the face-to-face course without online follow up). The population consisted of 600 3rd year Math students, 55, 60 & 5 school of Education lecturers from Maseno, Kenyatta and Linnaeus Universities respectively. A sample of 200 students and 55 lecturers from both Kenyatta and Maseno University were drawn through the stratified random method, with stratification based on the University of each participant’s origin. Saturated sampling was applied for the Linnaeus lecturers. Data was collected through student and teacher questionnaires, online forum discussions and documentary analysis. The paired sample T-test was used to analyse the quantitative data. Preliminary findings indicated that a higher number of students who received the treatment (online support from supervisors) completed and submitted research reports (25%) as compared to only 15% from the control cohort. However, the final cumulative rating of the reports based on a qualitative scale by an independent team of researchers from Linnaeus university indicated that students who received treatment (taken through a facilitated online support area during the research course) performed much better (80% pass rate) as compared to students who did not receive the treatment (not facilitated through a taught research Course) with a 20% pass rate. These results show that training in research and creation of a community of practice in research is linked to performance in the field (Industry). Preliminary report further indicated that at least 2% of students in the facilitated research cohort are already directly benefiting from the research training received as an undergraduate.
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Judy, Kevin D., David W. Andrews, Larry Harshyne, Lawrence Kenyon, Kiran Talekar, Kofi-Buaku Atsina, Lyndon Kim, et al. "Abstract B71: Phase 1b/2 prospective randomized trial of four autologous cell vaccine dose cohorts for initial treatment of glioblastoma." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; November 27-30, 2018; Miami Beach, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-b71.

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Liao, N., G. Zhang, Y. Wang, L. Guo, L. Cao, Z. Zhang, CM Balch, and F. Meric-Bernstam. "Abstract P4-04-08: Genomic profiling of 304 treatment-naïve Chinese breast cancer patients: A comparison of Chinese and TCGA cohorts." In Abstracts: 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 4-8, 2018; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-04-08.

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Patrick, KIELY, Amanda Busby, Elena Nikiphorou, Keith Sullivan, and Adam Young. "THU0115 IS INCIDENT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH METHOTREXATE TREATMENT? RESULTS FROM A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN THE ERAS AND ERAN INCEPTION COHORTS:." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.3952.

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Coward, Jermaine, Ganessan Kichenadasse, Paul Harnett, Kathleen Moore, Minal Barve, James Garner, Mary Lopresti, and Don S. Dizon. "Abstract CT012: TRX-E-002-1 in treatment-refractory ovarian cancer: Final phase 1 study results from the dose-escalation and dose-expansion cohorts." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-ct012.

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Holloway, H., A. J. Moriarty, S. D. Nelson, and K. Balnave. "SERENDIPITOUS PROTECTION FROM PLATELET-MEDIATED DISORDERS IN STEROID-TREATED PATIENTS?" In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643473.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of exogenous corticosteroids on platelet aggregation. This is widely recognised to be of significance in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction and other vascular/haematological disorders.Blood was taken from a cohort of patients (N = 10) undergoing treatment with ACTH or corticosteroids for varied systemic illness. Ex vivo measurements of platelet parameters were made with a Coulter Counter Model S Plus III on nonanticoagulated blood directly from the circulation. Subsequently, aliquots of anticoagulated blood in batches of five were processed at intervals over 24 hours. For comparison, a similar study was undertaken in normal volunteers not on any medication. The mean percentage changes ± standard deviations over the 24 hour interval in platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and plateletcrit or biomass (PCT) in the respective groups were as follows:-PLT: -(3.12 ± 2.68) vs -(14.77 ± 3.96)(p < 0.001);MPV: 28.88±8.92 vs 46.68±12.54 (p <0.01);PCT: 25.18 ± 8.16 vs 23.75 ± 8.97 (NS).The in vitro alteration in PCT over 24 hours in both cohorts is similar and is due to platelet swelling. The change in MPV is partly due to swelling and partly due to aggregation as evidenced by the decrease in PLT. The significantly smaller drop in PLT and smaller rise in MPV in the steroid-treated group clearly demonstrate that platelets from these patients are less aggregable. A possible cause is that the inhibitory effect of steroids on phospholipase may lead to reduced levels of thromboxane A2. Thus patients on steroid therapy or with high endogenous steroid levels may enjoy serendipitous protection from a variety of platelet mediated disorders. The work may also explain in part why such patients are more prone to bleeding diatheses.
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Oliveira, Vívian Maria Gomes de, Cíntia Gonçalves Nogueira, Gabriela Ferreira Paticcié, Leonardo Oliveira Silva, Igor Jacomedes de Oliveira, Leopoldo Antônio Pires, Luiz Paulo Bastos Vasconcelos, and Ana Laura Maciel Almeida. "Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognition and Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.543.

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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents one of the main causes of cognitive and functional decline in the world. Concomitant with pharmacological treatment, the practice of aerobic exercises (AE) can help in the symptomatic control of the disease. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of AE on activities of daily living and cognition in patients with AD. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken. EMBASE, Pubmed and BVS databases were searched using the terms “Alzheimer disease”, “Alzheimer syndrome” and “Alzheimer dementia”; “aerobic” and “exercise”. The inclusion criteria were: randomized controlled trials from 2016 to 2021, English language studies and human studies. Among 854 studies found, six were included in the review. Results: The potential benefits of AE training in AD patients are: improvement of functioning, quality of life and cognitive performance; better control of neuropsychiatric symptoms and possible reduction of systemic inflammation. Conclusions: AEs are associated with cognitive and functional performance gain in AD, probably related to synaptic plasticity optimization and improvement of the feeling of well-being. Although AEs may improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, the response to treatment is individual. Future longitudinal studies with larger cohorts and functional neuroimaging studies are required for a better understanding of the real benefit of AE in AD.
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Ramachandran, Manasi, Steve Lin, Tatiana Correa, Ben Dickerhoff, B. Berkowitz, David Hasan, Christopher Ogilvy, Robert Rossenwasser, Robert Harbaugh, and Madhavan L. Raghavan. "Large Population Multi-Center Study of Small Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in Prospective Cohorts: Initial Sac Morphology and Longitudinal Outcome." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80731.

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Most intracranial aneurysms (IA) that present unruptured at the clinic remain stable over time with no measurable change or symptoms, if left untreated. But a few do grow larger and occasionally rupture. The ability to preemptively identify aneurysms that will become unstable over time (i.e., those that will grow and/or rupture) can result in timely intervention for these few patients while avoiding unnecessary treatment for countless others [1]. Previous reports assessing potential factors including by our group [2–4] have been confined to comparing geometric and/or biomechanical indices of aneurysms between populations that presented with ruputred lesions from those that presented with unruptured lesions. But, such indices (that discriminate rupture ‘status’) need not necessarily distinguish unruptured aneurysms that fork toward growth and/or rupture over a period of time from those that remain stable over time. Further, the physician’s dilemma to treat or not to treat presents itself mostly only in small aneurysms (< 7mm).
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Furie, Richard, Darrin Bomba, Maria Dall’era, Massiel Prieto, Janet Anderl, Jinhai Wang, Christopher Kirk, and Niti Goel. "FRI0196 TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS WITH THE IMMUNOPROTEASOME INHIBITOR KZR-616: RESULTS FROM THE FIRST 2 COHORTS OF AN OPEN-LABEL PHASE 1B DOSE ESCALATION TRIAL." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.1955.

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Reports on the topic "Cohorts Treatment"

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Araya, Mesele, Caine Rolleston, Pauline Rose, Ricardo Sabates, Dawit Tibebu Tiruneh, and Tassew Woldehanna. Understanding the Impact of Large-Scale Educational Reform on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Ethiopia: The GEQIP-II Case. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/125.

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The Ethiopian education system has been very dynamic over recent years, with a series of large-scale education program interventions, such as the Second Phase of General Education Quality Improvement Project (GEQIP-II) that aimed to improve student learning outcomes. Despite the large-scale programs, empirical studies assessing how such interventions have worked and who benefited from the reforms are limited. This study aims to understand the impact of the reform on Grade 4 students’ maths learning outcomes over a school year using two comparable Grade 4 cohort students from 33 common schools in the Young Lives (YL, 2012-13) and RISE (2018-19) surveys. We employ matching techniques to estimate the effects of the reform by accounting for baseline observable characteristics of the two cohorts matched within the same schools. Results show that the RISE cohort started the school year with a lower average test score than the YL cohort. At the start of Grade 4, the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) is lower by 0.36 SD (p<0.01). In terms of learning gain over the school year, however, the RISE cohort has shown a modestly higher value-added than the YL cohort, with ATT of 0.074 SD (p<0.05). The learning gain particularly is higher for students in rural schools (0.125 SD & p<0.05), which is also stronger among rural boys (0.184 SD & p<0.05) than among rural girls. We consider the implications of our results from a system dynamic perspective; in that the GEQIP-II reform induced unprecedented access to primary education, where the national Net Enrolment Rate (NER) rose from 85.7 percent in 2012-13 to 95.3 percent in 2019-20, which is equivalent to nearly 3 million additional learners to the primary education at a national level. This shows that learning levels have not increased in tandem with enrolment, and the unprecedented access for nearly all children might create pressure on the school system. Current policy efforts should therefore focus on sustaining learning gains for all children while creating better access.
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Brewer, Joseph, Massimo Capoccia, Dirk Maybauer, Roberto Lorusso, Justyna Swol, and Marc Maybauer. The ProtekDuo Dual Lumen Cannula as Temporary Acute Mechanical Support for Right Heart Failure: A Protocol for a Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0026.

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Review question / Objective: Participants: Adult patients with right ventricular failure; Intervention: Right ventricular assist device with ProtekDuo cannula; Comparison: Control group of medical management or another type of RVAD (if available); Outcomes: Effectiveness of treatment in terms of survival and complications; Study design: Randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies, case series with >/=5 patientsProspective and retrospective cohort studies, case series of >/= 5 patients. Condition being studied: Right ventricular failure. Information sources: Databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus.
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Blood, Christopher G., G. J. Walker, and Jinjin Zhang. Hospital Admission Rates and Lengths of Treatment Among a Conus-Based Cohort of Navy Personnel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419091.

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Tetzlaff, Sasha, Jinelle Sperry, Bruce Kingsburg, and Brett DeGregorio. Captive-rearing duration may be more important than environmental enrichment for enhancing turtle head-starting success. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41800.

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Raising captive animals past critical mortality stages for eventual release (head-starting) is a common conservation tactic. Counterintuitively, post-release survival can be low. Post-release behavior affecting survival could be influenced by captive-rearing duration and housing conditions. Practitioners have adopted environmental enrichment to promote natural behaviors during head-starting such as raising animals in naturalistic enclosures. Using 32 captive-born turtles (Terrapene carolina), half of which were raised in enriched enclosures, we employed a factorial design to explore how enrichment and rearing duration affected post-release growth, behavior, and survival. Six turtles in each treatment (enriched or unenriched) were head-started for nine months (cohort one). Ten turtles in each treatment were head-started for 21 months (cohort two). At the conclusion of captive-rearing, turtles in cohort two were overall larger than cohort one, but unenriched turtles were generally larger than enriched turtles within each cohort. Once released, enriched turtles grew faster than unenriched turtles in cohort two, but we otherwise found minimal evidence suggesting enrichment affected post-release survival or behavior. Our findings suggest attaining larger body sizes from longer captive-rearing periods to enable greater movement and alleviate susceptibility to predation (the primary cause of death) could be more effective than environmental enrichment alone in chelonian head-starting programs where substantial predation could hinder success.
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Li, Shifu, Wengui Tao, Chudai Zeng, Langchao Yan, and Fenghua Chen. The safety and efficacy of flow diverter versus conventional endovascular treatment in intracranial aneurysm: a meta-analysis of the real-world cohort studies over last ten years. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0061.

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Review question / Objective: Did adult patients with intracranial aneurysms (patient population) who underwent flow diverter (FD, Intervention) have better clinical outcomes, higher rates of aneurysm occlusion, and lower rates of mortality and procedure related complications (outcomes) when compared with patients who received the conventional endovascular treatments (CEV, control) from January 2010 to December 2020? Eligibility criteria: The inclusion criteria are: 1. directly comparison of FD and conventional endovascular treatment, including coiling alone, stent alone, stent-assisted coiling, and balloon-assisted coiling; 2. patients ≥18 years with intracranial aneurysms; 3. detailed follow up angiographic and clinical outcomes; 4. the number of patients in two groups at least 10 patients. The exclusion criteria are:1. less than 10 participants in either group; 2. without the report of outcome variables; 3. studies primarily focus on children patients; 4. studies primarily focus on one interventional tool.
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Wang, Zheng, Hai-Hong Zhu, Jin-Yu Yang, Yan Wang, Zhi-Gang Gai, Fu-Cai Ma, and De-Wu Yang. Laparoscopic Versus Conventional Open Treatment of Liver Hydatid: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0059.

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Review question / Objective: With the popularity of laparoscopy and minimally invasive technology, laparoscopy has been applied to hepatic echinococcosis. However, the safety and efficacy of traditional laparotomy and laparoscopy are unclear. This study aimed to explore the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopy and traditional laparotomy with a Meta-analysis.To compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic with that of traditional laparotomy. Condition being studied: There still exist controversies about the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic and traditional open surgery.
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Wu, Xin. The efficacy and safety of anti-CD20 antibody treatments in relapsing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0075.

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Review question / Objective: The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the three existing anti-CD20 antibodies for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis and to aid clinicians in choosing medications. Eligibility criteria: We set the inclusion criteria as follows: (1) study type: RCT; (2) language restriction: only available in English; (3) participants: patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with relapsing MS, whether with a relapsing–remitting course or a secondary progressive course; (4) intervention: anti-CD20 antibody treatments including ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, rituximab, and corresponding control including placebo and active treatments; (5) outcomes: clinical outcomes including annualized rate of relapse (ARR), the number of patients free of relapse, and the number of patients with confirmed disease progression (CDP); magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) outcomes including gadolinium-enhancing lesion change in T1, change in the volume of lesions on T2, the number of patients with no new or newly enlarged lesions in T2 and the brain volume change (BVC); safety outcomes including adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Included RCTs were not requested to supply all the outcomes mentioned above. We set the exclusion criteria as follows: (1) study type: retrospective studies, cohort studies, case reviews and case reports; (2) patients diagnosed with primary progressive MS.
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wu, ruiqing. Efficacy and Complications of Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) for lumbar spinal stenosis：A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0085.

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Review question / Objective: P? Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. I? Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF). C? Other lumbar interbody fusions. O?Predefined outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale back and/or leg pain (VAS-BP) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score; operation time; intraoperative blood loss; length of hospital stay; and the complications, reoperation and fusion rate. S: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or nonrandomized cohort studies. Condition being studied: Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) can be widely used for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, and this study aims to summarize the efficacy and complications of this procedure for lumbar spinal stenosis. Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) for the treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, and this study aims to summarize the efficacy and complications of this procedure for lumbar spinal stenosis.Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) for the treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.
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Sgroi, Dennis. Assessment of the Prognostic and Treatment-Predictive Performance of the Combined HOXB13:IL17BR-MGI Gene Expression Signature in the Trans-ATAC Cohort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598880.

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Guo, Jia, Xibin Hu, Lei Yao, Shaomin Lv, Jiahua Lv, Xinyu Wang, Mujie Guo, Yu Kong, Ruihan Liu, and Qingxia Kong. Prognosis After Surgery for Refractory Epilepsy Diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/MRI. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0049.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic status of PET/MRI on surgery in patients with refractory epilepsy, and the methods chosen were randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series of >15 patients. Condition being studied: Medically intractable epilepsy, characterized by recurrent episodes of tonicity, disorientation, spasms, and convulsions, affects 1-2% of the population because treatment trials with 3 or more different antiepileptic drugs have failed. Patients are selected for PET mainly because other standard noninvasive tests (especially MRI and EEG) fail to provide sufficiently reliable localization to allow precise excision of the epileptogenic zone and a good prognosis.
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