Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cohorte de naissance'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 17 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cohorte de naissance.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Savall, Angélique. "Sociologie d'une cohorte : Naissance et maintenance d’un outil scientifique devenu forme de vie associative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES019.
Full textIn 2001, Marguerite joined the Proof cohort project and agreed to become a "subject" of medical research. Like her, 1011 seniors from Saint-Etienne joined the adventure. The scientists aim to determine the prognostic value of the loss of activity of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) on mortality. In 2004, the financing of the research became complex. Michel, a subject of the study, proposed a financial donation. The researchers encouraged him to create an association to try to help the team: the Synapse association was created to save the Proof study. This sociological investigation proposes to reexamine the social form of the cohort, a human tool for health research. This work first considers the cohort as a laboratory tool in the hands of scientists. The cohort study will prove to be an opportune tool to instrumentalize the measurement of the activity of the ANS and then to equip the relations between researchers and subjects. In the second part, the cohort will be in the hands of the subjects who have become members. The association is part of a logic of care for a fragile cohort tool. Social listening, technical, moral and relational maintenance work will then be indispensable. This work aims at analyzing an ontological transformation of a form - the cohort - initially a laboratory instrument and then a group of individuals who voluntarily commit themselves to the service of research. It tends to show through this transition the specificity of the cohort as a frontier object between expert researchers and lay subjects, between scientific medical research and ordinary people
Delvert, Rosalie. "Etude de l'association entre le régime alimentaire maternel pendant la grossesse et le développement de maladies allergiques et respiratoires chez l'enfant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR020.
Full textIn children, allergic and respiratory diseases are common and often concomitant which could be referred as allergic and respiratory multimorbidity. Early-life exposures can have long-term consequences on health. Therefore, maternal diet during pregnancy could be a potential lever for preventing allergic and respiratory diseases. However, studies on this topic are heterogeneous, and have mainly focused on food groups, considering allergic and respiratory diseases separately. The objective of this thesis was to study maternal diet during pregnancy in relation to allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in children. We first focused on maternal diet quality, then on its inflammatory and antioxidant potential, and finally on specific dietary habits (plant-based diet, Western diet, processed foods). Data collected through questionnaires from the EDEN (n = 1316) and ELFE (n = 9679) birth cohorts were used.In the EDEN cohort, four clusters of allergic and respiratory multimorbidity up to age 8 were identified by latent class analysis: “asymptomatic”, “asthma only”, “allergies without asthma”, and “multi-allergic”. In the ELFE cohort, these same clusters were identified in children up to 5.5 years of age, with an additional fifth cluster: “early wheezing without asthma”.Overall, maternal diet quality during pregnancy was not associated with children's allergic and respiratory multimorbidity. Maternal consumption of legumes was associated with a better allergic and respiratory health in children. In the ELFE cohort, fish consumption below or above guidelines during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of “allergies without asthma” in children.In the ELFE cohort, a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a poorer respiratory health in children, and the antioxidant capacity of the diet with a better respiratory health. Additionally, in the ELFE cohort, weak and complex associations were found with a plant-based diet; a Western diet and a diet rich in processed foods in mothers during pregnancy were associated with poorer allergic and respiratory health in children.The results of this thesis are consistent with current nutritional guidelines, and highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating habits during pregnancy
Grynkorn, Meas Taly. "Programmation foetale de l'insulinorésistance et du syndrôme métabolique : contribution du développement de l'adiposité à l'âge adulte dans la cohorte haguenau." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077026.
Full textMetabolic consequences of being born small for gestational age (SGA) begin to be well known. The biological mechanisms underlying this association are still unknown. To explain this association, the particular dynamic changes in adiposity that occur during catch-up growth have been evoked. Moreover the interactions with modifications of body composition later in life seem to play an important role. Our group has been working on this field since several years. We used a population-based registry, located in the city area of Haguenau. Subjects from this cohort were selected on birth criteria: 734 subjects born full-term SGA, (BW< 10th percentile) were compared to 886 subjects born Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA: 25th
Ouidir, Marion. "Exposition maternelle à la pollution de l’air au cours de la grossesse : caractérisation de l’exposition, de ses déterminants, et association avec la croissance fœtale dans deux cohortes complémentaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS022/document.
Full textThe concept of DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) postulates that environmental exposures during the development phase (fetal life and early life) would have major consequences on future health. The reduction in birth weight is considered both as a marker of these aggressions suffered by the fetus during pregnancy and as an indicator of the future health of the child. Epidemiological studies of air pollution effect are challenging in terms of exposure assessment to air pollutants.The general objective of this thesis is to characterize the effect of air pollutants on fetal growth by improving the characterization of exposures and the control of potential confounding biases compared to previous studies.In a first part, we studied the socio-economic determinants of exposure to ambient air pollution in the French national ELFE study including 18000 mother-child couple. Maternal exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5), PM10 and NO2 was estimated using a dispersion model which combined a fine spatial (1x1km grid) and temporal (daily data) resolution. In France, in urban areas, pregnant women in the most socially deprived neighborhoods were the most exposed to air pollution.The second part of this work focused on the characterization of the association between maternal exposure to atmospheric pollution (estimated in outdoor air) and birth weight of the child in the ELFE cohort. Once the confounding factors were taken into account using the propensity score, we highlighted a deleterious effect of exposure to particulate matters during the third trimester of pregnancy on birth weight.In a third part, we compared different approaches to assess exposure to air pollution in pregnant women, including personal measures, in 40 women from the SEPAGES-feasibility cohort. Incorporation of space-time activity only slightly modified the estimated exposure levels in outdoor air to the home address. Conversely, exposure estimates were strongly affected by the incorporation of indoor levels of air pollution or when exposures were assessed using personal dosimeters.This justified, in a fourth part, the study of the association between the exposure to air pollution estimated by personal dosimeters and the fetal growth in the SEPAGES cohort including 471 couples-child triads from the Grenoble urban areas. Personal exposures to PM2.5 (n=174, more strongly during the 1st trimester) and to NO2 (n=327, more strongly during the 3rd trimester) were associated to decreases in birth weight. Our estimates of the association with PM2.5 were stronger than estimates from the ELFE cohort.In conclusion, this work comes to reinforce the literature on the deleterious effect of air pollution on birth weight. This thesis, based on two complementary cohorts, has also illustrated the concept of the compromise between bias and variance between studies using outdoor exposure models (which could be performed on large geographical areas allowing larges sample size and exposure contrasts and with possibly confounders and high degree of exposure misclassification) and cohorts using personal dosimeters (generally conducted on small sample size, in more homogeneous population, with less confounders and better estimation of exposure to air pollution)
Rancière, Fanny. "Phénotypes respiratoires et allergiques chez l'enfant jusqu'à l'âge de 4 ans en relation avec son environnement de vie : étude de la cohorte de naissance PARIS." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S006.
Full textBackground: The natural history of asthma and allergies during childhood is still not fully understood. In addition, there are still some uncertainties about the contribution of behavioral and environmental factors to the development of these pathologies. Objectives: 1) To study the natural history of respiratory and allergic symptoms in children from birth to age 4 years by identifying phenotypes based upon these symptoms using cluster analyses, 2) To characterize these phenotypes with regard to their comorbidity and risk factors, especially those related to the life environment of children, including their early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TAP). Methods: This work is part of the follow-up of the PARIS (Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study) birth cohort, implemented in 2003 and including 3840 newborns. Self-administered questionnaires regularly filled in by parents were used to collect information about the health status of children in terms of respiratory/allergic symptoms and diseases, as well as about lifestyle/environment characteristics. IgE-mediated sensitisation was determined at the age of 18 months. Exposure to TAP integrating the different places of residence and day-care was assessed in the first year of life of children using a dispersion model, the ExTra index. Respiratory/allergic phenotypes were identified between 0 and 4 years by cross-sectional and longitudinal cluster analyses. Comorbidity and risk factors associated with phenotypes were studied. Results: Between 0 and 4 years, wheezing has been reported in 31% of children, and dry night cough in 38%, whereas 43% and 38% have experienced symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, respectively. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed diseases in the first 4 years was 12.2% for asthma, 39.4% for eczema and 3.8% for hay fever. The study of joint trajectories of symptoms such as wheezing, dry night cough, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis identified a group with low prevalence of symptoms [n=1236, 49.0%] and four distinct phenotypes: two transient ("transient rhinitis" [n=295, 11.7%] and "transient wheeze" [n=399, 15.8%]), without any relation with IgE sensitisation, and two persistent ("cough/rhinitis" [n=284, 11.3%] and "dermatitis" [n=308, 12.2%]) associated with allergic sensitisation. Transient rhinitis phenotype was only associated with tobacco smoke exposure, which could irritate the airways. Transient wheeze phenotype was related to male sex and contact with other children (older siblings, day-care attendance). Lastly, risk factors for both IgE-associated phenotypes encompassed parental history of allergy, potential exposure to allergens and stress, known to be associated with the development of allergic diseases. With regard to allergic symptomatology, our results also show that the impact of early exposure to TAP could be more important in some subgroups of children (boys, children with parental history of allergy, and children whose mother experienced a serious health problem). Conclusion: This work contributes to a better understanding of the natural history of respiratory/allergic symptoms during preschool years, and provides evidence for the existence of different phenotypes before school age. The fact they differ in terms of sensitisation and risk factors reinforces the plausibility of distinct profiles, potentially linked to irritation and infections for the transient phenotypes, and to allergy for the persistent phenotypes
Helmer, Catherine. "Absence d'association entre période de naissance et risque de démence ou de maladie d'Alzheimer : analyse des données de la cohorte Paquid, 1988-1996." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23093.
Full textMeddeb, Line. "Méthodes de suivi de la santé des enfants nés après fécondation In Vitro : mise en place d'une cohorte monocentrique et évaluation de la croissance anthropométrique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5075.
Full textToday, at least 5 million children worldwide were born following the enrollment of their parents in ART program. Infertility treatments have changed significantly; most often these changes took place outside traditional experimental protocols. The most striking event was when IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was introduced in ART practices in 1995. The lack assessment of the health of children born after this technique remains the major weak in this discipline. We established a longitudinal monocentric follow-up study in Saint-Joseph Hospital (Marseille). The data were collected by asking parents to send copies of child health records and questionnaires filled out by them. This investigation is one of the few French studies involving a long-term follow- up to 5 years, in a large scale cohort. The study of BMI up to age 5 years didn’t show the suspected epigenetic influence of IVF reported in literature. Further investigations need to be conducted. It is important to build a coherent information system around the health of children born after IVF. The feasibility of collecting a series of data covering both maternal and conceptional environment, and child health indicators should be considered at the national level through the development of connection methods between different registers developed in France
Memitimin, Tursunjan. "Apport nutritionnel et statut en folate d'une cohorte de femmes enceintes Ouïgoures et Hans dans la région du Xinjiang (CHINE) : suivi longitudinal dans la grossesse et répercussions sur l'état du nouveau-né." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066623.
Full textMigault, Lucile. "Exposition maternelle aux champs électromagnétiques, prématurité et petit poids de naissance pour l’âge gestationnel : données des cohortes Elfe et Epipage2." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0263/document.
Full textElectromagnetic fields in the environment - whether extremely low frequency or radiofrequency - are responsible for continuous population exposure. However, the potential impact of exposure to electromagnetic fields on neonatal health during pregnancy is still not well known, in particular due to the difficulties for epidemiological studies to assess in sufficient detail and precision the exposure to electromagnetic fields, which is ubiquitous. The first objective of this thesis was to study the relationship between maternal exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and two indicators of neonatal health: prematurity and small for gestational age. The second objective was to build a tool for quantitative estimation of occupational exposure to radiofrequencies. The work carried out in response to the first objective is based on data from two French birth cohorts. Cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields during pregnancy was assessed using a job-exposure matrix. The results were in favor of an absence of association with the risk of small for gestational age. However, for the risk of spontaneous prematurity, a modest association was reported among the most exposed mothers up to 28 weeks of gestation. The work carried out in response to the second objective is based on an international collaboration. On the basis of the job calendars collected in an international case-control study and exposure measurements extracted from the literature, a first quantitative job-exposure matrix to estimate occupational exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields in epidemiological studies was created
Gabet, Stephan. "Sensibilisation allergénique au cours des huit premières années de vie, facteurs et morbidité associés dans la cohorte de naissances PARIS." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB031/document.
Full textBackground. The first years of life appear to be critical for the development of allergic sensitization. Objectives. This thesis aims: i) to describe allergic sensitization profiles in infants and children, ii) to assess the link between these sensitization profiles and allergic morbidity, and iii) to identify risk factors for allergic sensitization. Methods. This work concerns children involved in the Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study (PARIS) population-based prospective birth cohort. Allergic sensitization was assessed in 1,860 18-month-old infants and 1,007 8/9-year-old children by specific IgE measurements towards 16 and 19 allergens, respectively. Lifelong health and living condition data were collected by repeated standardized questionnaires. Sensitization profiles and morbidity profiles were identified using unsupervised classification, and related to each other by multinomial logistic regression. Finally, risk factors for early allergic sensitization were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results. As soon as 18 months of age, 13.8% of children were sensitized and 6.2%, multi-sensitized. When 8/9 years old, corresponding prevalence was 34.5% and 19.8%, respectively. Sensitization profiles identified in infancy (3) and in childhood (5) differed in terms of allergic morbidity. Risk factor analysis allowed to clarify the role of early exposure to allergens and microorganisms on allergic sensitization. Conclusion. This thesis improves the natural history of allergic sensitization understanding, as soon as the first years of life. This knowledge is essential for subsequent disease preventing
Schwartz, Danielle. "Justice entre classes d’âge. Au-delà de l’égalité entre les vies complètes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL151.
Full textJustice between age groups is an understudied aera in political philosophy. What does it mean to treat different age groups as equals ? Should we apply egalitarian comparison to people born at different times at this specifcic point in time or over the course of their lives ? Is it permissible to give higher priority to policies that primarly benefit the youngsters ? Don’t inequalities among age groups matter as well as inequalities between age groups ? Should we take the risk of premature death into account ? The present PhD thesis establishes a theoritical framework for age-group justice and makes explicit its implications for practical policy discussions and proposals
Baltas, Pavlos. "L'évolution de la fécondité en Grèce depuis 1960 : spécificités et inflexions récentes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0090/document.
Full textThe longitudinal analysis of fertility shows that the low values of the period TF from 1980 to 2000was the result of the postponement of births, as women who born after 1960 were putting offparenthood to later ages which depressed period fertility rates. The increase of period TF in the firstdecade of 2000 is due to fertility “recuperation”, through the increase in fertility rates at ages over 30years old. The recuperation is incomplete and the cohort fertility has significantly reduced over timeAnalysis of cohort fertility by biological birth order shows a mean age of childbearing in first childincreasingly high and a significant increase of childlessness. The 20-25% of woman born from1970 to1975 in Greece will remain childlessness. The reduction of complete fertility in generations is largelydue to the fact that more and more women reaching the age of 49 years old without having achildren. Also the family size is reduced over the generations, two child family becoming the norm.The parity progression ratios reduced at all birth orders and especially a2 and a3. The low percentageof births outside marriage in Greece (6,7% 2013) revealed the important role of marriage inchildbearing. Data from the censuses (1991,2001,2011) show that unmarried women over 49 yearsold, had on average a total fertility between 0,05 to 0,15 children/women and a childlessness ratebetween 85 and 95%. The examination of a series of economic indicators like GDP andunemployment rate alongside with period TF reveals the strong correlation between the twophenomena. The short time series (2009-2012) does not allow us to know whether this reduction ofperiod fertility will have an impact on the cohort fertility
Muanda, Flory Tsobo. "Utilisation des anti-infectieux chez la femme enceinte et issues indésirables de grossesse (avortement spontané, malformations congénitales et faible poids à la naissance)." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19988.
Full textAcosta, Enrique. "Age, period, and cohort effects on adult mortality due to extrinsic causes of death." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23411.
Full textAfter decades of improvement, life expectancy momentarily declined during 2014-15 in several high income countries, with subsequent reversals in some cases. The main sources of this stagnation have been increases in mortality from influenza and drug overdoses, mainly for the baby-boomer generation. This trend is unexpected because it has long been assumed that extrinsic mortality, which is due to causes originating outside the body – in opposition to intrinsic mortality from degenerative diseases at old ages –, plays a negligible role in life expectancy changes. For this reason, the temporal patterns of extrinsic mortality have received little attention in demographic research. Period crises such as influenza epidemics and the opioid crisis are considered the main determinants of variations of extrinsic mortality. However, despite recent evidence suggesting that cohort effects have an important role in modulating extrinsic mortality, little is known about this relationship. The main objective of this dissertation is to help fill this gap by examining cohort influences on extrinsic mortality change, with a particular emphasis on influenza and behavioral causes. More specifically, we aim (1) to quantify cohort differences in mortality from influenza and the influence of early life exposures to the virus on subsequent influenza mortality; (2) to analyze the baby boomers’ disadvantage in mortality in Canada and the United States, while identifying the contributions of behavioral causes to this disadvantage; and (3) to develop a methodological tool that can be used to both conduct visual analysis of the temporal dynamics of nonlinear Age-Period-Cohort (APC) effects, and compare these dynamics across various phenomena or populations. To achieve these goals, we use micro-level mortality data from vital statistics in Canada and the United States. We also employ death and fertility rates from various countries to generalize the visual analysis of nonlinear effects to other demographic phenomena. The analyses were conducted by applying Serfling models for the estimation of influenza mortality, demographic measures for the decomposition of cause-specific mortality changes, smoothing techniques for the identification of trends, and statistical and visual approaches on the Lexis configuration for the analysis of APC effects. The results, in the form of three scientific articles, show that despite marked fluctuations over calendar years (periods), birth cohorts have an independent and sustained influence on influenza and mortality from behavioral causes. The main results from the first paper suggest that two mechanisms modulated influenza mortality over cohorts. For the young and adult population, the mortality risks over cohorts depend of the contrast between the first virus to which individuals were exposed (the virus producing an antigenic imprinting) and the virus encountered in adulthood during the observed epidemic. For this age segment, significant changes in risk were found during influenza epidemics among cohorts born during important antigenic shifts (e.g., a decrease in risk for cohorts born between 1957 and 1968). For older ages, we did not identify such “punctual” cohort effects but rather a smooth and monotonic change in cohort effects that might have driven a progressive decline in influenza mortality between 1959 and 2016. Inspired by so-called cohort morbidity phenotype and technophysio evolution theories, we attributed this decline to changes produced earlier, i.e., to the sharp sanitary improvements occurred between 1900 and 1930, when the concerned cohorts were born and when they could have benefited. Findings from the second paper revealed that most of the baby boomers’ excess mortality in Canada and the United States is driven by behavioral causes of death. The “boomer disadvantage” resulted from multiple cohort effects on behavioral-related mortality, and not from punctual period effects affecting the same cohort at different ages. Among the baby boomers, the risk of dying from hepatitis C was almost three times higher, and the risk of dying from drug-related causes was almost two times higher, than among the adjacent cohorts. These results were obtained using an innovative methodology developed in the third paper, which allowed us to analyze the dynamics of nonlinear effects over time through APC curvature plots. This technique provides greater flexibility than statistical models or other Lexis plots, and it has been shown to be applicable to other demographic phenomena, such as fertility. The findings presented in this dissertation offer evidence of the importance of analyzing cohort effects on extrinsic mortality. Our results indicate that even in the presence of substantial period disturbances affecting extrinsic mortality at most ages, cohort effects were sustained over time. These findings also suggest that public policies can significantly improve the health of the population by formulating policies that take into account the differential sensitivity of cohorts to risk factors and by providing social support to the most vulnerable cohorts.
Ducharme, Amélie. "Les facteurs socioéconomiques associés à la décision d'avoir un troisième enfant : Québec, 2001." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17564.
Full textJean-Baptiste, Elisa. "Estimation de la macrosomie fœtale chez les populations Cris de l’Est de la Baie-James." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19155.
Full textObjective: Assess the impact of fetal macrosomia based on definitions (birth weight> 4000 g,> 4500g, ≥90ième percentile Kramer) currently used in Quebec and compare the prevalence of maternal and perinatal morbidity associated with macrosomia between the Cree populations of Eastern James Bay and the general population of Quebec. Specific postnatal curves for the Cree will be constructed. Design: Comparison of two prospective cohort Cree and Quebec. Cohort of Cree populations of eastern James Bay, has recruited 2546 women from 2000 to 2010, during the study of fetal macrosomia in the Cree of eastern James Bay. Quebec cohort consisted of 97,475 women and comes from the multicenter randomized clinical trial QUARISMA 2008-2010, this study promulgates the reduction of caesarean delivery rate. Methods: The risk of fetal macrosomia, maternal and perinatal morbidity, by ethnicity, Cree and Quebec, are evaluated by generalized estimating equations models (GEE). GEE models were adjusted to control for potentially confounding factors. The reference group is Quebec women. The specific growth curves of the Cree are built by quantile regression. Results: More than a third, 36.8%, of Cree populations of Eastern James Bay and 9.3% of newborns in Quebec have a birth weight> 4000g. For a birth weight> 4500g, the results show that 10.9% of the Cree, have a birth weight of more than 4500g, the rate is 1.2% in Quebec. The definition of fetal macrosomia by neonatal birth weight≥90th percentile of Kramer identifies 40.02% Cree’s for 8.8% of infants of Quebec as macrosomic. The Cree population are more at risk of fetal macrosomia, compared to the general population of Quebec, these associations were statistically significant: OR = 5.2; 95% CI (4.6 to 6.0) for birth weight> 4000g, OR = 8.1; 95% CI (6.2 to 10.7) for birth weight> 4500g and OR = 6.2; 95% CI (5.7 to 6.7) for birth weight percentile ≥90th Kramer. The risk of major perinatal morbidity associated with fetal macrosomia, is generally less important for the Cree than for the general population of Quebec: 0.76; 95% CI 0.62-0.94. Fetal macrosomia should be described by birth weight ≥95th percentile of Kramer, for the Cree, but preferably at the 90th percentile of the specific postnatal curves of Cree populations of Eastern James Bay. The specific Cree birth weight thresholds for diagnosing fetal macrosomia, at the 90th percentile of the 40th week of gestation, are 4 417g for the girls and 4 488g for the boys. Conclusion: Kramer’s curves diagnose systematically too much macrosomic Cree babies compare to the general population of Quebec. Futhermore, the risk of major maternal and perinatal morbidity is lower for these indigenous communities, at the different definitions of fetal macrosomia, suggesting the use of specific curves for the Cree, to reduce obstetrics interventions not required in large, but non macrosomic, Cree babies.
El, Majidi Naïma. "Analyse systématique de la relation entre l’exposition prénatale aux biphényles polychlorés et les effets neurodéveloppementaux et thyroïdiens chez l’enfant." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12766.
Full textPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ubiquitously present in the food chain, and with a propensity to bioaccumulate in the human body. They can cross the placental barrier and are suspected of inducing mental and motor development alterations in children prenatally exposed to PCBs. These contaminants could injure brain development by disrupting thyroid homeostasis in pregnant women or newborns. Despite the large number of epidemiological publications on PCBs, “biological concentration – response” relationships between PCB exposure and mental and motor development or thyroid function in pregnant women and newborns are not well established; a direct comparison of biological levels between published studies is limited by the heterogeneous biological PCB measurements (different PCB congeners or groups of congeners measured, variations in biological matrices sampled or units chosen to express biological results), and causal relationship between PCBs and a studied effect has not been verified with recognized epidemiological criteria. This research was performed to analyze “biological PCB concentration – effect” relationship between prenatal PCB exposure and children mental and motor development as well as parameters of thyroid function in pregnant women and newborns by conducting a systematic analysis of available epidemiological studies and by standardizing biological data between studies. Reported PCB concentrations in the different reviewed studies were standardized in terms of total PCB equivalent per kilogram of lipids in maternal plasma (µg PCBMPEQ/kg of lipids), by taking into account PCB toxicokinetics and using conversion factors based on published epidemiological data. To analyze a possible causal association between PCB exposure and studied effects, Hill criteria were consistently applied to all “standardized biological concentrations – response” associations. The systematic analysis of “standardized biological concentration – birth weight” relationship across 20 reviewed studies did not show any association between prenatal exposure to PCBs at the described levels (mean < 1920 µg PCBMPEQ/kg de lipids) and abnormal birth weight (< 2500 g). Furthermore, combining data from nine children cohorts to assess the “standardized biological concentration – development” relationship during follow-up of each cohort showed that risk of mental or motor development should be negligible for prenatal PCB concentrations below ≈ 1000 µg/kg of lipids in maternal plasma. Also, the systematic analysis of data from 17 epidemiological studies indicated that the weight of evidence of a significant impact of PCB exposure on TSH and thyroid hormone levels was low at reported levels in pregnant women and newborns (mean < 1000 µg PCBMPEQ/kg de lipids). The PCBMPEQ biological reference value of 1000 µg/kg lipids that should prevent neurodevelopmental effects should also prevent effects on birth weight and on thyroid function in pregnant women or newborns. Results presented in this thesis should provide useful information to public health authorities for the revision of guidelines and standards ensuring protection from PCB effects on child development and thyroid function in pregnant women and newborns.