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Academic literature on the topic 'Cohort study'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cohort study"

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Akiba, Suminori, and Yoshihide Kinjo. "Japanese Legacy Cohorts: Six-Prefecture Cohort Study (Hirayama Cohort Study)." Journal of Epidemiology 30, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20190249.

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van der Weijden, Jessica, Marco van Londen, Joke I. Roodnat, Marcia L. Kho, Jacqueline van de Wetering, Heinrich Kloke, Ine M. M. Dooper, et al. "Impact of measured versus estimated glomerular filtration rate-based screening on living kidney donor characteristics: A study of multiple cohorts." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): e0270827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270827.

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Background Most transplant centers in the Netherlands use estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for evaluation of potential living kidney donors. Whereas eGFR often underestimates GFR, especially in healthy donors, measured GFR (mGFR) allows more precise kidney function assessment, and therefore holds potential to increase the living donor pool. We hypothesized that mGFR-based donor screening leads to acceptance of donors with lower pre-donation eGFR than eGFR-based screening. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, we compared eGFR (CKD-EPI) before donation in one center using mGFR-based screening (mGFR-cohort, n = 250) with two centers using eGFR-based screening (eGFR-cohort1, n = 466 and eGFR-cohort2, n = 160). We also compared differences in eGFR at five years after donation. Results Donor age was similar among the cohorts (mean±standard deviation (SD) mGFR-cohort 53±10 years, eGFR-cohort1 52±13 years, P = 0.16 vs. mGFR-cohort, and eGFR-cohort2 53±9 years, P = 0.61 vs. mGFR-cohort). Estimated GFR underestimated mGFR by 10±12 mL/min/1.73m2 (mean±SD), with more underestimation in younger donors. In the overall cohorts, mean±SD pre-donation eGFR was lower in the mGFR-cohort (91±13 mL/min/1.73m2) than in eGFR-cohort1 (93±15 mL/min/1.73m2, P<0.05) and eGFR-cohort2 (94±12 mL/min/1.73m2, P<0.05). However, these differences disappeared when focusing on more recent years, which can be explained by acceptance of more older donors with lower pre-donation eGFR over time in both eGFR-cohorts. Five years post-donation, mean±SD eGFR was similar among the centers (mGFR-cohort 62±12 mL/min/1.73m2, eGFR-cohort1 61±14 mL/min/1.73m2, eGFR-cohort2 62±11 mL/min/1.73m2, P = 0.76 and 0.95 vs. mGFR-cohort respectively). In the mGFR-cohort, 38 (22%) donors were excluded from donation due to insufficient mGFR with mean±SD mGFR of 71±9 mL/min/1.73m2. Conclusions Despite the known underestimation of mGFR by eGFR, we did not show that the routine use of mGFR in donor screening leads to inclusion of donors with a lower pre-donation eGFR. Therefore eGFR-based screening will be sufficient for the majority of the donors. Future studies should investigate whether there is a group (e.g. young donors with insufficient eGFR) that might benefit from confirmatory mGFR testing.
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Fouzia, Tebbani. "Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study." Women Health Care and Issues 4, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/041.

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Introduction: Anemia is a public health problem, prevalent among women of childbearing age. The aim was to determine the frequency of anemia in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy and to determine the associating factors in Algerian pregnant women. Methods: We conducted a prospective and longitudinal cohort study of 300 pregnant women from December 2013 to July 2016. All consenting women attending antenatal clinics and having undergone complete blood count (CBC) were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, individual’s obstetrical history and the results of the CBC were collected. Anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria. After some descriptive statistics, we performed a bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability test in order to determine the factors associated with gestational anemia. Results: The rate of anemia was 28.0 % in the first trimester, 32.3 % in the second and 54.2 % in the third one. It was more frequently observed during the third trimester of pregnancy (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between gestational anemia and socio-demographic factors. Women with inadequate gain were more anemic (p = 0.01). The average concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, VGM and platelets were lower in anemic pregnant women (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy remains high. A better management of chronic diseases in pregnant women and of postpartum follow-up is necessary to treat anemia before a subsequent pregnancy.
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Mary-Krause, Murielle, Joel José Herranz Bustamante, Camille Bolze, Cédric Galéra, Eric J. Fombonne, and Maria Melchior. "Cohort Profile: The TEMPO Cohort Study." International Journal of Epidemiology 50, no. 4 (May 20, 2021): 1067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab026.

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Fotouhi, A., H. Hashemi, M. Shariati, M. H. Emamian, K. Yazdani, E. Jafarzadehpur, H. Koohian, et al. "Cohort Profile: Shahroud Eye Cohort Study." International Journal of Epidemiology 42, no. 5 (October 17, 2012): 1300–1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys161.

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Syddall, HE, A. Aihie Sayer, EM Dennison, HJ Martin, DJP Barker, and C. Cooper. "Cohort Profile: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study." International Journal of Epidemiology 34, no. 6 (June 17, 2005): 1234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi127.

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Goldberg, Marcel, Annette Leclerc, Sébastien Bonenfant, Jean François Chastang, Annie Schmaus, Nadine Kaniewski, and Marie Zins. "Cohort profile: the GAZEL Cohort Study." International Journal of Epidemiology 36, no. 1 (November 12, 2006): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl247.

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Verschuren, W., A. Blokstra, H. Picavet, and H. Smit. "Cohort Profile: The Doetinchem Cohort Study." International Journal of Epidemiology 37, no. 6 (January 31, 2008): 1236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym292.

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Ghalib, Hawar Hasan Ali. "COMPLICATIONS AFTER SURGERY FOR INVASIVE BREAST CANCER: COHORT STUDY." Journal of Sulaimani Medical College 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10082.

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Wesseling, Janet, Maarten Boers, Max A. Viergever, Wim KHA Hilberdink, Floris PJG Lafeber, Joost Dekker, and Johannes WJ Bijlsma. "Cohort Profile: Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study." International Journal of Epidemiology 45, no. 1 (August 29, 2014): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu177.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cohort study"

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Tabue, Teguo Maturin. "Approche épidémiologique de la fragilité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0430/document.

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En raison du vieillissement de la population, les syndromes gériatriques sont devenus un enjeu majeur de santé publique, et le syndrome de fragilité une priorité notamment en France avec le programme PAERPA. La fragilité permet d’identifier des personnes âgées présentant des capacités de résistance diminuées face aux agents agresseurs. Elle a pour conséquence d’accroître chez l’individu le risque de survenu d’évènements de santé défavorables (de dépendance, de chutes, d’hospitalisations, d’entrée en institution et de mortalité). Plusieurs outils de mesure sont développés mais aucune mesure de référence ne fait consensus actuellement même si des progrès considérables ont été réalisés dans ce domaine depuis une dizaine d’années. Les données épidémiologiques sur la prévalence, l’incidence et les conséquences de la fragilité ont été abondamment publiées mais se caractérisent par une grande variabilité. Ces indicateurs sont variables en fonction de l’outil de mesure utilisé, de la population étudiée, de l’examinateur et également de l’évènement de santé que l’on veut prédire. De nombreux facteurs de risque de fragilité ont été également mis en évidence et certains ouvrent des voies crédibles de recherche aidant à la prévention. Une meilleure connaissance de l’épidémiologie du syndrome de fragilité est donc une nécessité incontournable pour apprécier l’importance du phénomène et mettre en place les moyens de le contrôler. Afin de mieux définir la fragilité sur le plan épidémiologique, il est indispensable de bien comprendre la notion d’études pronostiques en épidémiologie et les principaux domaines qui la constituent c’est-à-dire : décrire la population, prédire des évènements de santé, comprendre les liens de causalité et proposer des actions. Il est donc indispensable dans les études épidémiologiques, de définir et d’utiliser avec précision les principaux domaines des études pronostiques décrit ci-dessus. Le risque ici est un passage sans précaution de la prédiction à la compréhension du concept de fragilité qui sont deux domaines différents bien que complémentaires. La définition la plus utilisée de la fragilité reste encore celle proposée par Fried et collaborateurs. Elle est basée sur la prise en compte d’éléments essentiellement physiques. Cette définition a de nombreuses limites lorsque la population cible vit en EHPAD par exemple. D’autres composantes non physiques parmi lesquelles la cognition, les vulnérabilités sociales, les comorbidités sont actuellement débattue pour mieux définir le concept de fragilité et identifier ses biomarqueurs. Cette thèse aborde d’un point de vue épidémiologique la définition du syndrome de fragilité grâce aux données des cohortes PAQUID et 3C (deux études Françaises en population) et la cohorte INCUR (une étude Française en EHPAD). Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse nous permettent d’affirmer que la relation entre la fragilité et la prédiction d’évènements défavorables de santé prend en compte la population cible, l’outil de mesure de la fragilité et l’examinateur. Ce résultats ouvrent donc des perspectives intéressantes pour la recherche sur le syndrome fragilité quelques soit les caractéristiques des populations étudiées
Now-a-days, geriatric syndromes have become a major public health problem owing to the population aging. In this context, frailty syndrome represents particularly a public health priority in France through PAERPA program. Frailty is defined as an extreme vulnerability of the organism to endogenous and exogenous stressors. This syndrome exposes the individual at higher risk of negative health-related outcomes as well as a transition phase between successful aging and disability. The theoretical concept of frailty is largely agreed, its practical translation still presents some limitations due to the existence of multiple tools and operational definitions. The definition most widely used is the one proposed by Fried and collaborators which essentially includes physical elements. Nonetheless, the inclusion of other non-physical components, in particular cognitive function, social vulnerability state, morbidities is currently debated. Considerable progress has been made in this field over the past ten years. The prevalence and incidence of frailty are reported in several epidemiological studies and are well known, but are quite variable. Many risk factors of frailty have been highlighted, leaving a door open towards prevention. A better knowledge of frailty epidemiology is therefore essential if we are to assess its extent and the means of controlling it. To better define frailty from an epidemiological point of view, it is essential to describe and better understand the different components of epidemiological prognostic studies: describing, prediction of health events, explaining the causal relation and proposing the action. The aim of this thesis was to the study, from an epidemiological point of view, the definition of frailty using the data of three French cohorts: PAQUID, 3C and INCUR. The results are consistent with an association between frailty and negative health-related outcomes. This association depends on the target sample, tools used and investigators
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Bastawrous, A. "The Nakuru Eye Disease Cohort Study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4645531/.

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Objective: To provide six-year cumulative incidence of visual impairment and blindness, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age related macular degeneration (AMD), visually impairing cataract and features of glaucoma in an older age Kenyan population and the risk factors for each. Design: Population based cohort study with six-year follow-up (n=2,171; 50% participation) Main outcome measures: Six-year cumulative incidence of visual impairment and blindness, DM, DR, AMD, visually impairing cataract and features of glaucoma, risk factors for incidence and population estimates. Results: The six-year cumulative incidence of visual impairment and blindness was 119.4 (103.1 - 137.9) and 15.1 (10.4 – 21.7) per 1000 of population respectively. The six-year cumulative incidence of DM and DR (in those with diabetes mellitus) was 61.0 (50.3 - 73.7) and 224.7 (116.9 - 388.2) per 1000 of population respectively. The six-year cumulative incidence of AMD was 164.2 (136.7 - 195.9) per 1000 of population and the six-year cumulative incidence of visually impairing cataract was 235.6 (213.5 – 259.3) per 1000 of population. Associations with incident cases were demonstrated for each with age and diabetes being the leading associations across the primary outcome measures. Conclusions: This six-year follow-up of a population-based cohort indicates a high incidence of visual impairment and blindness and provides data, for the first time, on the incidence of DR, AMD and cataract in Kenya. A large gap exists between provision and need for services and cataract control should remain the priority focus with work to strengthen health care systems as posterior segment eye diseases will become a greater issue as services improve and cataract comes under greater control.
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Murray, Elaina, Kate E. Beatty, Louise H. Flick, Michael Elliot, Lisa V. John, Vetta Thompson-Sanders, Allison King, et al. "Maximizing Retention in an Urban Prospective Cohort Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6857.

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BACKGROUND: Retaining participants in multi-year prospective cohort studies presents challenges, especially in urban settings. Early identification of participants at risk for attrition may enhance retention. We examine the validity of two risk for loss-to-follow-up assessments and early retention efforts in one Primary Sampling Unit during the National Children’s Study pilot. Our goal was to identify cases requiring additional attention. Retention challenges included high poverty, frequent moves, lack of spousal support, and mistrust of research. METHODS: Recruitment ended in 2012 and research activities shifted to retention. Data collectors (DC) completed subjective risk assignments (low, medium, high) based on knowledge of participants. Descriptive statistics compared risk assessments to socio-demographic characteristics, responses regarding participation, and missed appointments 11 months after risk assessment. RESULTS: We recruited approximately 100 participants. Higher perceived risk was associated with greater likelihood for mothers to be minorities, younger, and have lower education and income (X2=15.362, p<.01; X2=12.118, p<.05; X2=9.947. p<.01; and X2= 7.720, p<.05 respectively). Participants with income below federal poverty placed higher values on receiving incentives (X2= 6.011 p<.05). African American or “other” race participants placed a higher value on feeling comfortable with the interviewers than White respondents (X2=12.539 p<.01). Risk assignment and race were associated with number of missed appointments (X2=8.698 p<.01; X2 =4.307, p<.05). CONCLUSION: Results suggest DCs’ subjective assessment of risk predicts number of missed appointments. Future research might consider strategies to improve African American and “other” race participants’ comfort with interviewers. The ethics of dollar amounts for incentives among low-income participants remain a concern.
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Liu, Song. "Hemaglobinopathy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Historical Cohort Study." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20621.

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Pregnancy in women with hemoglobinopathy has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a historical cohort study using Discharge Abstract Database for the fiscal year 1991-1992 through 2007-2008. We estimated the frequency of pregnant women with hemoglobinopathy and examined their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with sickle cell disease are more likely to develop pre-eclampsia and preterm labor, and to undergo cesarean delivery than women with nutritional deficiency anemia, suggesting that there are other mechanisms beyond anemia that may be responsible for an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data suggested a synergistic effect of hemoglobinopathy and pre-eclampsia on preterm labor and cesarean delivery. Prediction models for pre-eclampsia, preterm labor and cesarean delivery were created and internally validated for women with hemoglobinopathy, with satisfactory discrimination and calibration.
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Rooney, Alasdair Grant. "Depression in glioma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5964.

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BACKGROUND Few high-quality observational studies have been conducted to examine clinically relevant features of emotional distress and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adults with primary cerebral glioma. Our knowledge of these important complications of glioma is currently poor. AIMS This thesis aims to answer a series of relevant clinical questions. I have studied: [1] the frequency, independent clinical associations and course of general emotional distress measured using the NCCN Distress Thermometer (DT); [2] the utility of three depression screening tools for identifying MDD; [3] the frequency, independent clinical associations and course of MDD in glioma; [4] current patterns of practice, and the apparent tolerability of antidepressant treatment of depression in glioma; and [5] barriers to the effective management of MDD in glioma. METHODS I conducted a prospective, twin-centre, observational cohort study. Adults with a new histological diagnosis of primary supratentorial glioma were enrolled and interviewed three times: shortly after starting radiotherapy (T1), three months later (T2) and six months later (T3). At each time point participants completed the DT, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Depression subscale, HAD-D), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV MDD (SCID). Barriers to depression management were studied using questionnaires completed by the patient and their named GP. RESULTS During a two-year recruitment period, 223 patients were eligible and 155 provided useable data (57.4% male, mean age = 54.2 years, 85.8% high-grade glioma, 78.1% radical radiotherapy, 55.5% chemotherapy). [1] High distress (DT score ≥ 4/10) was consistently a frequent complication, occurring in between 36.4% ± 7.6% of patients at T1 to 33.7% ± 10.2% at T3. In a logistic regression analysis, high distress at T1 was independently associated with MDD, functional impairment and younger age (χ2 for model = 39.882, p < 0.001, R Square = 0.312). Patients who reported high distress at T1 (median DT score = 8; IQR 7 - 9) remained highly distressed on follow-up (T2 median score = 8, IQR 6 - 8; T3 median score = 7, IQR 5 - 8). [2] As screening tools, the HAD-D and PHQ-9 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.769 - 0.862 at any time point). The HAD-D displayed the best operating characteristics on ROC curve analysis. At a threshold of 7+, sensitivity = 0.933, specificity = 0.907 and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = 0.56. A threshold of 8+ displayed similar PPV, however. [3] The cross-sectional prevalence of MDD was 13.5% ± 5.4% at T1, 14.8% ± 6.7% at T2 and 6.8% ± 5.8% at T3. Inter-rater diagnostic agreement was good (κ = 0.81, 95% CI 0.60 – 1.00). MDD was independently associated with a past history of depression (OR = 3.8, 95%CI 1.5 - 9.8), and with current functional impairment (OR = 3.6, 95%CI 1.4 - 9.4). MDD persisted for at least three months in 9/17 patients who could be followed up. [4] The frequency of antidepressant prescription was 8.4% ± 4.4% at T1, 7.4% ± 4.9% at T2 and 12.6% ± 6.9% at T3. Citalopram was the most frequent antidepressant choice. Antidepressant tolerability appeared to be good among patients who could be followed up. [5] Barriers to the management of depression included 78.4% of GPs regarding major depression as a normal reaction to having glioma, and 39.2% expressing a belief that major depression did not always require treatment. In addition, most patients expressed a degree of resistance to any kind of future depression treatment. DISCUSSION This is the largest cohort study of depression in consecutively presenting adults with glioma, and the first to utilise criterion standard structured interview diagnoses in a longitudinal design. There is a degree of theoretical uncertainty about the nosological validity of MDD in glioma, although the clinical relevance of this uncertainty can be debated. Methodological limitations to the presented study include an absence of alternative potential psychiatric diagnoses to MDD, the likelihood of selection bias in recruitment, and considerable attrition. Due to these and other limitations, findings from this study are tentative and should ideally be replicated. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for identifying low mood in glioma patients, particularly those with functional impairment or previous depressive episodes. The HAD-D (suggested threshold 8+) can reasonably be used to screen for depression, if desired. Caution is required when prescribing antidepressants. Clinicians should be educated about the frequency and consequences of MDD in glioma. Researchers interested in psychological neuro-oncology could convene a meeting to guide future projects, particularly since multi-centre studies may be necessary to recruit sufficient sample sizes in future.
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ASAI, YATAMI, MARIKO NAITO, MASUMI SUZUKI, AKIKO TOMODA, MAYUMI KUWABARA, YUKO FUKADA, AYUMI OKAMOTO, et al. "Baseline data of Shizuoka area in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study (J-MICC Study)." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12349.

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Ollila, P. (Päivi). "Assessment of caries risk in toddlers:a longitudinal cohort study." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514262227.

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Abstract Dental caries in toddlers was studied in relation to several risk factors which were also determined by salivary tests in a longitudinal design. Another specific aim was to reveal the effect of prolonged pacifier sucking on caries development. The study population consisted of 183 pre-school children. At the baseline, salivary microbiological tests were taken from children whose average age was 2.5 years. Risk factors for colonisation of salivary lactobacilli and yeasts were determined from a questionnaire filled in by the parents. At the 2-year follow-up, caries in primary teeth was studied against the possible risk factors recorded at the baseline. At the 7-year follow-up, the risk factors identified at the age of two were analysed against caries development in primary molars and in first permanent molars. Also the long-term predictive value of salivary microbiological tests was investigated. At the baseline, the use of pacifier and nocturnal use of nursing bottle were associated with colonisation of salivary lactobacilli and yeasts. Prolonged pacifier sucking and use of nursing bottle at nights were shown to be associated with caries development in children at the 2-year follow-up. Consumption of sweets, lack of daily tooth brushing and nocturnal use of nursing bottle at the age of two were associated with caries onset in both primary and permanent molars at the seven-year follow-up. The use of fluoride tablets reduced the risk of caries onset in primary molars. Children who were colonised by salivary lactobacilli or yeasts at the baseline were susceptible to caries in primary molars. Early colonisation of lactobacilli was associated with caries in permanent molars. The results suggest that the risk of caries is possible to assess in toddlers by identifying caries-related habits early, already at the age of two. Microbiological tests may also have some value. Assessment of caries risk in toddlers enables both prevention and early intervention, and thereby prevention of caries development in children
Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli pitkäaikaisseurannassa selvittää taaperoikäisiltä lapsilta otettujen sylkitestien ja muiden määritettyjen riskitekijöiden mahdollista yhteyttä karieksen kehittymiseen. Erityisesti haluttiin myös tutkia pitkittyneen tutin käytön merkitystä. Tutkimusaineisto koostui 183:sta alle kouluikäisestä lapsesta. Aloitusvaiheessa otettiin mikrobiologiset sylkitestit lapsilta, joiden keski-ikä oli 2,5 vuotta, ja määritettiin anamnestisesti mahdolliset riskitekijät laktobasillien ja hiivasienten kolonisaatiolle. Kahden vuoden seurannan jälkeen tutkittiin riskin toteutumista maitohampaiden karioitumisessa. Seuraavassa seitsemän vuoden seurantatutkimuksessa tutkittiin karieskehitystä maitomolaareissa ja ensimmäisissä pysyvissä molaareissa kahden vuoden iässä määritetyissä riskiryhmissä. Myös syljen mikrobiologisten testien avulla määritetyn riskin toteutumista selvitettiin seitsemän vuoden seurannan päätyttyä. Tutkimuksen aloitusvaiheen sylkitestitulokset osoittivat, että tutin käyttö ja tuttipullon käyttö öisin olivat yhteydessä syljen kariekseen liittyviin mikrobeihin, ja ne voivat siten lisätä kariesaktiivisuutta maitohampaistossa. Kahden vuoden seurantatutkimuksessa todettiinkin, että karieskehitys oli yhteydessä aikaisemmin määritettyihin riskitekijöihin: pitkittyneeseen tutin käyttöön ja tuttipullon käyttöön öisin. Seitsemän vuoden seurantatutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että makeisten käyttö kaksivuotiaana, puutteellinen hampaiden harjaus ja tuttipullon käyttö öisin ovat riskitekijöitä sekä maitomolaarien että ensimmäisten pysyvien molaarien karieskehitykselle. Fluoritablettien käyttö vähensi maitomolaarien karioitumista. Myös varhain tehdyillä syljen mikrobiologisilla testeillä oli pitkäaikainen ennustusarvo. Tulokset osoittavat, että riskin määritys taaperoikäisten lasten karieskehitykselle voidaan tehdä varhaisessa vaiheessa sekä mikrobiologisten sylkitestien avulla että määrittelemällä muiden mahdollisten riskitekijöiden esiintyvyys. Varhaisen kariesriskin määrityksen avulla voidaan ehkäisevät hoitotoimenpiteet kohdistaa ajoissa riskiryhmille ja siten ehkäistä karieskehitystä ja korjaavan karieshoidon tarvetta lapsilla
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Crisanti, Annette Susan. "A descriptive longitudinal cohort study of involuntary psychiatric inpatients." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0023/NQ31017.pdf.

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Addona, Vittorio. "Stationarity in a prevalent cohort study with follow-up." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100309.

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In a prevalent cohort study with follow-up, the incidence process is not directly observed since only the onset times of prevalent cases can be ascertained. Several important consequences follow if one can establish stationarity of the incidence process: (1) The useful epidemiological relationship between prevalence, incidence, and mean duration holds, (2) There is improved efficiency when estimating the underlying survivor function from a prevalent cohort study with follow-up, (3) The constancy of the incidence rate is established, and (4) The constant incidence rate can be estimated using data from a prevalent cohort study.
We propose a formal test for stationarity using data from a prevalent cohort study with follow-up, and establish new characterizations of stationarity, and of useful types of departure from stationarity.
A dual to the problem of establishing stationarity by comparing the backward and forward recurrence times is addressed. Assuming stationarity of the underlying incidence process, we use the backward and forward recurrence times to verify whether the underlying survival distribution is independent of the date of onset. In doing so, we characterize specific types of dependence of the underlying survival distribution on calendar time.
If the data are consistent with stationarity of the incidence rate, then a natural next step is to estimate the (constant) incidence rate. We derive the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator of the constant incidence rate, prove that the estimator is weakly consistent, and show how one may construct an asymptotic confidence interval for the incidence rate. One main advantage of our procedure is that it only requires the completion of a single prevalent cohort study with follow-up.
We apply our test for stationarity to data obtained as part of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging to verify that the incidence rate of dementia amongst the elderly in Canada has remained constant. Upon concluding that this constancy is, plausible, we estimate the incidence rate.
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Nichols, Linda. "A cohort mortality study of UK carbon black workers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396976.

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Books on the topic "Cohort study"

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Jesson, David. England & Wales youth cohort study. [Sheffield]: Training Agency, 1990.

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Courtenay, Gill. England & Wales youth cohort study. Sheffield: Training Agency, 1990.

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Gray, John, 1948 Mar. 25- and Training Agency, eds. England & Wales youth cohort study. Sheffield: Training Agency, 1989.

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Courtenay, Gill. England & Wales youth cohort study. Sheffield: Training Agency, 1989.

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Courtenay, Gill. England & Wales youth cohort study: Report on cohort 2, sweep 1. Sheffield: Training Agency, 1989.

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Courtenay, Gill. England & Wales youth cohort study: Report on cohort 1, sweep 1. Sheffield: Manpower Services Commission, 1988.

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Great Britain. Department of Finance and Personnel for Northern Ireland. Policy, Planning and Research Unit. YTP cohort study: Third stage report. [s.l.]: DED/DENI Interdepartmental Executive on the Youth Training Programme, 1986.

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Cheng, Yuan. England and Wales youth cohort study. Sheffield: Department for Employment and Education, 1995.

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Sheena, Ashford, Gray, John, 1948 Mar. 25-, Tranmer Mark, and Great Britain. Employment Department Group., eds. England and Wales Youth Cohort Study. Sheffield: Employment Department, 1993.

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Bernard, Casey, Smith David J. 1941-, and Great Britain. Department for Education and Employment. Research Strategy Branch., eds. England and Wales Youth Cohort Study. Sheffield: Employment Department, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cohort study"

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Monaco, Jane. "Cohort Study." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 454–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_999.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "cohort study." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 31–32. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_238.

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Schwab, Manfred. "Cohort Study." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_1254-2.

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Monaco, Jane. "Cohort Study." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1–2. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_999-2.

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Liu, Li. "Cohort Study." In Textbook of Clinical Epidemiology, 61–82. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3622-9_4.

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Monaco, Jane. "Cohort Study." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 500–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_999.

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Singh, Hari. "Cohort Study." In Public Health, 76–78. New York: Productivity Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032644257-23.

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Gidron, Yori. "Multiethnic Cohort Study." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1424–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1439.

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Khanfer, Riyad, John Ryan, Howard Aizenstein, Seema Mutti, David Busse, Ilona S. Yim, J. Rick Turner, et al. "Multiethnic Cohort Study." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1269–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1439.

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Gidron, Yori. "Multiethnic Cohort Study." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1–2. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_1439-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cohort study"

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Wu, Wei-Te, Jyun-Ming Chen, Ting-Yao Su, and Chung-Ching Wang. "O-94 Cohort profile: the Taiwan nanomaterial handling workers cohort study (TNHWCs)." In 29th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2023), Mumbai, India, Hosted by the Indian Association of Occupational Health, Mumbai Branch & Tata Memorial Centre. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2023-epicoh.94.

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Ferreira, Elga, Eliana Penedos-Santiago, Constança Rocha, Daniela Marques, Esteêvo Santos, and Sara Dias. "Cohort Study Good Practices: Design Communication and Capacitation Processes." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001406.

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In the county of Leiria, Portugal, part of the population is known to have morbidity diagnoses (metabolic illnesses and more) and poor health habits on a big enough scale to bring the idea of how low health literacy can affect people's lives and health services, such as a flood of the emergency systems caused by people attending the emergency room with minor issues. To address it, institutions in Leiria such as the City Hall and Polytechnic of Leiria decided to conduct a longitudinal and prospective cohort study, where a sample of the population will be followed throughout time to understand if their choices regarding health and sustainable habits are indeed affected by their health literacy levels.This project will contribute to the initial stage of this cohort study, by developing a recognizable brand, whose identity can be maintained throughout all its communication and dissemination media, so that the population can identify, without equivocation, the cohort study to which it refers, and awaken their curiosity to participate. This stage also includes the presentation and dissemination of the cohort study itself to the population under study, followed by a randomized inquiry done by pre-selected interviewers.This project relies on Service Design and Participatory Design methodologies to streamline the development of the study’s elements and to solve common cohort issues, such as: 1) gathering a suitable number of participants that can represent the population; 2) follow-up maintenance of participants; 3) keeping the interviewers and participants engaged with the study, after the first contact. Informal interviews and user group definition will help the comprehension of the study and allow to create personas to characterize the interviewers of the cohort study. These aforementioned methodologies will be supported by the workshop methodology under Participatory Design, acting as a testing ground for the previously developed processes, preparing interviewers to adapt their communication when facing people from different generations, education, and social backgrounds.By carrying out this project simultaneously with the cohort study, it’s possible to evaluate, over time, how the design methodologies can empower and facilitate communication and intervene, changing tactics in case it’s needed. The creation of a replicable experience is proposed allowing the betterment of the overall health of the population. Additionally, assuming the lack of information on how the preparatory phases of cohort studies are designed, it’s also envisaged the creation of guidelines and a good practice manual. It is also of great importance to point out the bridge established between the health and design fields, where design becomes the interface between science and the public.
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Enomoto, N., S. A. Homma, N. Inase, H. Takizawa, Y. Inoue, H. Ishii, Y. Taguchi, et al. "Prognostic Analysis of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias with Rheumatologic Features: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study (PAIR Cohort Study)." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a3390.

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Naves, Giovanna Bezerra, Mariana Oliveira Santana, Cristina Medeiros Ribeiro de Magalhães, and Aline Garcia Islabão. "COMPLICATIONS OF KAWASAKI DISEASE: A COHORT STUDY." In XXXIX Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia. Sociedade Brasileiro de Reumatologia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2022.2112.

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Herridge, M. S., and CANCOV Consortium Investigators. "The Canadian COVID-19 Prospective Cohort Study." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a4509.

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Bangun, L. G., D. K. Sutoyo, A. G. Icksan, M. Fahmi, and S. L. Andarini. "Post-Covid Pulmonary Fibrosis Cohort: Preliminary Study." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a1286.

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Herridge, M. S., and CANCOV Consortium Investigators. "The Canadian COVID-19 Prospective Cohort Study." In American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference, May 17-22, 2024 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a3035.

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McClain, Kay. "The evolution of teachers’ understandings of distribution." In Joint ICMI/IASE Study: Teaching Statistics in School Mathematics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.08313.

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This paper provides an analysis of the evolution of the statistical understandings related to exploratory data analysis of a cohort of middle-school mathematics teachers. The analysis is grounded in a design experiment in the context of teacher development where the teachers’ understandings of statistical data analysis, in particular distribution, were the mathematical endpoint. Activities from an instructional sequence designed to support ways to reason statistically about data were the basis of the engagement. Analyses of the episodes in this paper document the teachers’ learning that occurred.
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Shah, Devanshi, Elisabeth Kames, and Beshoy Morkos. "Neurocognitive Effects of Incentivizing Students to Improve Performance Through Repeat Attempts in Design Settings." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-72058.

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Abstract The goal of the study is to examine the effectiveness of using an incentivized “test/retest” scenario to improve participants’ performance during stressful situations. The study makes use of an electroencephalography (EEG) machine to detect participants’ stress levels during a one-minute typing test. The typing test administered was a standard, “story-typing” test. A total of 23 student participants were randomly divided into two cohorts: the control cohort and the experimental cohort. Participants were asked to complete a preliminary questionnaire self-assessing their ability to handle stressful situations. Both cohorts were then asked to complete the typing test (hereafter referred to as T1) and fill out an Emotional Stress Reaction Questionnaire (ESRQ), indicating their emotions during the typing test. The participants were then asked to complete the typing test and accompanying ESRQ a second time (hereafter referred to as T2). However, prior to the second test, the participants in the experimental cohort were told that the participant that shows the most improvement in their typing speed (measured in words per minute) will receive a $100 gift card. This stimulus is used to increase the already stressful situation for the experimental cohort and examine whether participants’ brain activity changes when the “retest” is incentivized. Each participant’s EEG data and heartrate were measured through the duration of the experiment and t-tests and regression analyses were used to determine if a statistically significant difference existed between cohorts (control vs. experimental) or within cohorts (T1 vs. T2). The results show that there were no significant changes in brain activity, emotions, or typing performance for the control group of participants (no reward offered). However, the experimental group showed an increase in EEG sensor activity; specifically, the sensors that control vision and emotion. Interestingly, the participant’s performance was found to be correlated to their emotional responses, rather than their EEG sensor data. Additionally, the experimental groups’ positive emotions were increased for the second typing test, which is incentivized. The findings lay a foundation for design settings scenarios where preparatory practices can be incorporated.
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Coebergh van den Braak, Robert R. J., Geraldine R. Vink, Martijn G. H. van Oijen, Mirre E. de Noo, Sophie A. Kurk, Maarten J. P. Burbach, Alice M. Couwenberg, et al. "Abstract 1827: The prospective Dutch colorectal cancer cohort: A prospective nation-wide observational cohort study." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1827.

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Reports on the topic "Cohort study"

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Rohan, Thomas E. Proteomic Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada506647.

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Gumbs, Gia, and Margaret A. Ryan. Evaluating Health Effects of Military Service: The Millennium Cohort Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434618.

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Schlenger, William, John Fairbank, Charles Marmar, and Tyler Smith. Implement Family Member Assessment Component in the Millennium Cohort Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618640.

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Schlenger, William E., John Fairbank, and Charles Marmar. NWHSS Implement Family Member Assessment Component in the Millennium Cohort Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610533.

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Ekbom, Anders. Extreme Prematurity and the Risk of Breast Cancer - A Cohort Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393345.

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Schlenger, William E., John Fairbank, and Charles Marmar. NWHSS Implement Family Member Assessment Component in the Millennium Cohort Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada617797.

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Gillen, Ben, Erik Snowberg, and Leeat Yariv. Experimenting with Measurement Error: Techniques with Applications to the Caltech Cohort Study. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21517.

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Donoghue, Orna, Margaret Foley, and Rose Anne Kenny. Cohort maintenance strategies used by The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.38018/tildare.2017-03.

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Horvit, Andrew, and Donald Molony. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Kidney Function in Uranium – Exposed Individuals. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0122.

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Review question / Objective: 1) In humans, how does environmental and/or occupational exposure to uranium affect the risk of mortality due to primary kidney disease compared to unexposed individuals? (2) In humans, how does environmental and/or occupational exposure to uranium affect the risk of developing kidney failure compared to unexposed individuals? Eligibility criteria: We included cohort studies that evaluate the risk of CKD/ESKD due to uranium exposure. We also included cohort studies that evaluate standardized mortality due to all-cause mortality, kidney cancer, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in humans with exposure to uranium. We also included cross sectional studies that evaluate renal function in humans exposed to uranium via biomarkers and hard clinical measures (such as creatinine clearance) compared to humans with low/no uranium exposure. In order to not include the same cohort multiple times in the statistical analyses, we selected studies that evaluated an outcome of interest for a given cohort for the longest follow-up period. When this was not possible (due to multiple studies using different combinations of cohorts with varying lengths of follow up), the study with the largest study population size was selected.
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Skrbiš, Zlatko, Jonathan Smith, Jacqueline Laughland-Booÿ, Duncan Cook, Bruce Tranter, Andrea Findlay, and Maddison Cunningham. Young Queenslanders’ experiences of COVID-19 : Insights from the Our Lives cohort study. Australian Catholic University, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24268/acu.8yqzz.

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[Extract] These findings provide an overview of changes in young Queenslanders’ attitudes, behaviours, and life pathways during the early spread of COVID-19 and public health restrictions to contain it. Evidently, this period of sudden, mass social and economic disruption posed heightened risks to the social, economic, and psychological well-being of the Our Lives cohort and those young adults they represent. The introduction of emergency welfare measures may have been a short-term buffer to some of these impacts, as were the opportunities found by more fortunate young people to strengthen existing relationships, and cultivate an inward focus on personal goals, interests, and health. Nonetheless, our research suggests both the risks and opportunities posed by COVID-19 are being experienced unevenly within the cohort, with the potential for a widening of social inequalities. Encouragingly, there were signs that political bipartisanship on the issue of COVID-19 has helped to reverse a long-term decline in young people’s trust in government and politicians generally. Further research on the Our Lives cohort will thus be critical for understanding the longer-term implications of COVID-19 for the lives and outlooks of young Queenslanders into 2021 and beyond.
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