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Academic literature on the topic 'Cohésion des chromatides soeurs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cohésion des chromatides soeurs"
Abrieu, A., and M. Dorée. "La cohésion des chromatides-sœurs et sa régulation au cours du cycle cellulaire." médecine/sciences 17, no. 3 (2001): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/1924.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cohésion des chromatides soeurs"
Mercier, Raphaël. "La méiose chez Arabidopsis thaliana : caractérisation du gène SW11, requis pour la mise en place de la cohésion entre les chromatides soeurs." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112179.
Full textMaure, Jean-François. "Les protéines Swi6 et Ssl3 sont nécessaires à la cohésion des chromatides soeurs chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces Pombe." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21072.
Full textWhen cells divide, each daughter cell must receive a complete set of chromosomes. To achieve accurate segregation, the two replicated sister chromatids are held together by a proteinaceous complex called cohesin. To counteract the tension induced by bipolar attachment of the microtubules, the cohesin complex is enriched at centromeres. In S pombe, Swi6 is a constitutive protein of centrometric heterochromatin. I found that Swi6 is required for sister chromatid cohesion at centromeres but not along chromosome arms. Accordingly, Swi6 is required for cohesin enrichment at centromeres but not on chromosome arm sites. This work has demonstrated that heterochromatin is required for cohesion at centromeres. The ss13 gene identified in the laboratory encodes a new protein. I have demonstrated that ss13 is essential for chromosome cohesion. Ss13 acts during S phase for cohesin association with chromatin, presumably upstream cohesion establishment fctors
Eguienta, Karen. "Caractérisation chez schizosaccharomyces pombe du rôle d’un complexe sérine/thréonine phosphatase de type 4 dans la régulation de la cohésion des chromatides soeurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0247/document.
Full textSister-chromatid cohesion is ensured by a ring shape protein complex which is in charge of their topological embrace. This complex consists of proteins which are conserved from yeast to human and grouped under the term “cohesin”: Smc1, Smc3 and the phosphoprotein Scc1 which closes the ring (respectively Psm1, Psm3 and Rad21 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe). The regulatory proteins Rad61-Wapl, Pds5 and Scc3 (Wpl1,Pds5 and Psc3 respectively in S. pombe) interact with the ring via Scc1. It has been suggested that DNA capture by the cohesin complex involves the transient opening of the Smc1/Smc3 interface. The dissociation reaction involves the sub-complex Wapl/Pds5/Scc3 which likely causes the opening of the Scc1/Smc3 interface. The mechanisms by which cohesion is created and by which Wapl promotes the cohesin dissociation from chromosomes are still unknown. Among the cohesion mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the thermosensitive eco1-1 mutation affects the ECO1 gene encoding an acetyl-transferase essential for cell viability and conserved from yeast to human (Eco1 « Establishment of Cohesion » in S.cerevisiae, Eso1 in S. pombe and ESCO1-2 in human) and whose substrate is Smc3. It has been shown that the acetyl-transferase counteracts the dissociation action of Wapl. A genetic screen carried out by several teams in order to find suppressors of the eco1-1 mutation has led to the identification of the genes encoding the Wapl, Pds5, Scc3 and Smc3 proteins as components of the opening mechanism of the cohesin ring. A similar screen was carried out in S. pombe in our lab to find suppressors of the thermosensitive mutation eso1-H17. This screen identified the orthologous genes to those found in the budding yeast: wpl1,pds5, psc3 and psm3 and also the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the type 4 serine/threonine phosphatase complex (PP4) named pp4c. We have therefore carried out experiments to characterize PP4c and its regulatory subunit Psy2 which has also been found to be involved in sister-chromatid cohesion. We have likewise identified the Rad21 subunit as a PP4 substrate and identified phosphosites as potential targets of PP4. We have then screened and analyzed Rad21 phosphomutants which were able to mimic the suppressor effect of the deletion of pp4c
Feytout, Amélie. "Régulation dynamique de l’association des cohésines aux chromosomes, établissement et maintien de la cohésion des chromatides sœurs." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21773/document.
Full textFollowing DNA replication, sister chromatids are connected by cohesin to ensure their correct segregation during mitosis. How cohesion is created is still enigmatic. The cohesin subunit Smc3 becomes acetylated by ECO1, a conserved acetyl-transferase, and this change is required for cohesion. As in mammals, fission yeast cohesin is not stably bound to G1 chromosomes but a fraction becomes stable when cohesion is made. The aim of this work was to understand how cohesin dynamics is regulated and how the change in cohesin dynamics creates cohesion.In G1 chromatin bound cohesin exchange with the soluble pool and the unloading reaction relies in part on Wapl. The first part of this study reports on the identification of G1/S factors as new candidate regulators of cohesin dynamics.Following S phase a stable cohesin fraction is made. The acetyl-transferase Eso1 is not required for this reaction when the wpl1 gene is deleted. Yet, it is in wild-type cells, showing that the sole but essential Eso1 function is counteracting Wapl. Eso1 acetylates the cohesin sub-unit Smc3. This renders cohesin less sensitive to Wapl but does not confer the stable binding mode, suggesting the existence of a second Eso1-dependent event. The cohesin sub-unit Pds5 act together with Wapl to promote cohesin removal from G1 chromosomes but after S phase Pds5 is essential for cohesin retention on chromosomes and long term cohesion. Pds5 co-localizes with the stable cohesin fraction whereas Wapl does not. We suggest a model in which cohesion establishment is made by two acetylation events coupled to fork progression leading to Wapl eviction while keeping Pds5 on cohesin complexes intended to make cohesion
Camus, Adrien. "Étude épistatique de RecN, et des liens entre la cohésion des chromatides sœurs et de la réparation de l’ADN chez Escherichia coli." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLE029.
Full textTo preserve their niche, bacteria frequently produce and secrete antibiotics with genotoxic properties. Molecular processes that maintain genomic integrity are essential for all organisms. This is necessary because DNA damage can arise during every round of genome duplications. These antibiotics have been used for clinical application to treat infections or cancers. In the present work, we analyzed the Genomic Stress Response (GSR) induced by two genotoxic antibiotics: Bleomycin (BLM) and Mitomycin C (MMC). Although MMC and BLM alter DNA in different ways, they both lead to double strand breaks (DSB). The DSBs are suspected to be the major cause of cell death repaired by homologous recombination (HR). Earlier studies revealed that HR is essential to bacteria to survive BLM and MMC toxicity. Pioneer works and recent textbooks tend to attribute a particular DNA damage response (DDR) to each type of lesions. The RecN protein, induced by the SOS regulon, appeared to play important roles in the processing and repair of DNA lesions generated by MMC and BLM. However, the function of RecN in these two repair processes is not yet understood. RecN is a structural maintenance chromosome (SMC)-like protein that binds on single strand DNA where it can catch a second DNA molecule. In vitro, RecN stimulates the ligation of DNA molecules. In vivo, RecN prevents sister chromatid segregation and promotes an extreme nucleoid compaction. RecN overexpression is toxic for the cell and its level is regulated by ClpXP proteasome. Because RecN interacts with RecA and both are equally required to survive I-SCE 1 mediated DSB, they are generally associated in the same epistatic group. However, recent data suggest that RecA and RecN may also function in genetically distinct pathways, important for the DNA repair. In the present study, we took advantage of RecN involvement in the repair of two different types of DNA lesions to investigate the GSR. We demonstrated that sister chromatid dynamics and nucleoid management by RecN differ according to the drug considered. In presence of MMC-induced lesions, RecN requires a pre-processing of the lesions by the nucleotid excision repair (NER) and its activity on sister chromatids occurs early in the repair process. By contrast, in presence of BLM-induced lesions, RecN activity does not require NER processing and occurs later in the recovery phase. Transposition insertion (TIS) analysis revealed that recN is one of the rare DDR genes involved in the GSR of both drugs. A lack of RecN significantly disturbed the GSR, by increasing notably the pressure on the base excision repair (BER) pathway, while reducing concomitantly the importance of homologous recombination. The TIS analysis also highlighted how important drug tolerance pathways such as: efflux systems, oxidative stress management and cell cycle controllers, are for successful recovery from DNA alterations. Moreover, RecN activity influences the balance between different solutions. More generally, this work illustrates that GSR is an integrated process that cells adopt to create the most appropriate conditions for their survival
Gigant, Emmanuelle. "La cohésion des chromatides sœurs chez Escherichia coli." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776480.
Full textRakkaa, Tarik. "Rôle de la kinase CDK11p58 dans la protection de la cohésion des chromatides sœurs au centromère." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S191.
Full textSister chromatid cohesion during the early stages of mitosis is essential to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Sister chromatid cohesion is established in S phase and is maintained at centromeres until the metaphase to anaphase transition. Protection of cohesion at centromeres is under the control of the Bub1 kinase which phosphorylates histone H2A on threonine 120. Phosphorylated H2AT120 recruits the cohesion protection factor shugoshin (Sgo1) at centromeres. We had previously reported that depletion of the HDAC3 deacetylase induces acetylation of histone H3 lysine 4 at the centromere and loss of dimethylation at the same position. Forced acetylation of H3K4 at centromeres correlates with impaired Sgo1 recruitment and loss of sister chromatid separation. Cdk11p58, a member of the p34cdc2 related protein kinase family, is a G2/M specific protein, involved in different cell cycle events such as centrosome maturation, spindle formation or centriole duplication. It has also been reported as being involved in sister chromatid cohesion. Here we report that, upon cdk11p58 depletion, sister chromatids do not prematurely separate until the early stages of mitosis. We confirm that Cdk11p58 depletion induces a loss of Bub1 and Sgo1 from the centromeres and we show that H3K4 dimethylation is not affected by Cdk11p58 depletion. We report that depletion of endogenous Cdk11p58 in a cell line expressing a kinase-dead version of Cdk11p58 do not rescue the premature sister chromatid separation phenotype. Thus, phosphorylation of an unknown susbtrate by Cdk11p58 is necessary to maintain Bub1 at centromeres and our efforts are now directed towards its identification
Walter, Florence. "Distribution et localisation des échanges de chromatides soeurs dans le caryotype humain : étude comparative de deux méthodes d'analyse." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10113.
Full textWalter, Florence. "Distribution et localisation des échanges de chromatides soeurs dans le caryotype humain étude comparative de deux méthodes d'analyse /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610716w.
Full textShafei-Benai͏̈ssa, Effat. "La naevomatose basocellulaire : prédisposition génétique au cancer et instabilité chromosomique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2280.
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