Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cohérence Raman'
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Ignacchiti, Jim. "Contrôle et caractérisation de la cohérence Raman induite par bruit quantique dans des fibres creuses remplies de gaz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0056.
Full textThis thesis addresses the design, implementation, and use of an experimental and numerical simulation platform aimed at exciting and amplifying Raman coherence in a controlled manner from quantum noise. The long term objective is to explore stimulated Raman scattering in hollow-core fiber as a means to generate coherent optical frequency combs with a multi-octave spectral width, thus creating a tool for generating arbitrary optical wave functions, such as attosecond pulses, or mode-locked lasers. The principle is based on the excitation of a gas contained in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) by ultrashort laser pulses, in such a way that only one of the coherent and independent spatiotemporal modes of the spontaneous Stokes radiation is excited and amplified. This innovative approach ensures phase modulation of the excitation laser field at very high frequencies without phase noise. It differs from existing techniques, such as molecular modulation, by eliminating the need for a second laser. However, this method requires a single-mode optical guide and exceptionally high Raman gain. In this context, this work focuses then on the generation and measurement of the intra and inter-pulse coherence of the Raman comb to evaluate its potential for the aforementioned applications. To this end, a theoretical model of stimulated Raman scattering in the impulsive regime was developed, highlighting the interest of the transient regime, which amplifies the Stokes field in a single temporal mode. Numerical simulations then detailed the dynamics of the Stokes field through the Raman medium, taking into account factors such as laser depletion. Furthermore, a specific hybrid hollow-core optical fiber was developed, offering low linear losses (a few dB/km at 1030 nm) and exceptional single-mode guidance (MPI up to −47 dB), thus ensuring the spatial coherence of the Raman comb. Two experimental setups were then realized to examine the comb’s coherence, starting with the intra-pulse aspect. An infrared laser adjustable in pulse duration, energy, and repetition rate was coupled into the hydrogen-filled fiber to generate the comb, then analyzed at the output with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with high temporal resolution (∼ fs) and wide dynamic range (approximately 50 ps). The results showed that working in the range of 3 − 10 ps and 1 − 10 µJ minimizes parasitic effects such as the Kerr effect, and the mutual coherence is close to unity for all first-order Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, as confirmed by numerical calculations. The study of inter-pulse coherence revealed a complex behavior for pulses spaced less than 1 ns apart and a decrease in coherence corresponding to the coherence relaxation time (∼ 2 ns) for longer delays between pulses. These results highlight the importance of controlling the energy and delay of pulses to maintain high coherence and suggest that excitation lasers with repetition rates around 400 MHz or more can generate mode-locked lasers based on our approach. In conclusion, the advances made during this thesis on the coherence properties of frequency combs demonstrate the potential of stimulated Raman scattering in HCPCFs for optical wave synthesis and pave the way for other applications such as frequency conversion for quantum optics, optical trapping, and molecular cooling
Saoudi, Saada. "Étude de la cohérence Raman entre les niveaux métastables (1s₅[³P₂] et (1S₃[³P0] ) du néon : effets des collisions atomiques." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112168.
Full textLouchet, Anne. "Manipulation optique d'une cohérence de spin nucléaire dans l'ion thulium en matrice cristalline." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345345.
Full textDavis, Arthur. "Tomographie par cohérence optique confocale en ligne multimodale pour le diagnostic non invasif des cancers cutanés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO004/document.
Full textSkin cancer is a major public health issue. Among all types of cancer, skin cancer has the highest prevalence rate and the number of cases seems to be steadily increasing. Currently, the gold standard of skin cancer diagnosis requires a sample of suspicious tissue, called a biopsy, removed after a simple visual inspection of the patient's skin. Consequently, almost 60 % of biopsies result in benign diagnoses, and approximately 20 % of all skin cancers are missed.The research presented in this thesis revolves around the development of a line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) device capable of producing non-invasive in vivo images similar in quality to histological cuts. The designed prototype operates at a center wavelength around 800 nm with a spectral width of approximately 150 nm. It has been applied to in vivo skin imaging with an almost isotropic spatial resolution of about 1 µm and a depth penetration reaching 400 µm. This device could thus be used to improve the efficiency of skin cancer diagnosis by limiting the number of undiagnosed cases and the number of unnecessary biopsies.We then present a LC-OCT device system operating in two spectral bands centered around 770 nm and 1250 nm. The first band produces high resolution images (1.3 µm x 1.2 µm, lateral x axial) while the second provides enhanced penetration depth (700 µm). By merging the images acquired in the two bands it has been possible to produce images with both high resolution and high penetration. Moreover, acquiring images of a sample in two different spectral bands can give, to a certain extent, information on the spectral properties of the sample.Lastly, we present a proof-of-concept LC-OCT prototype coupled together with a Raman microscope, as well as some application examples. Raman microscopy is a spectroscopic method capable of identifying molecules present in a sample and thus measuring the "fingerprint" of a sample. This modality could then provide complementary information to the morphological images provided by LC-OCT about the biomolecular composition of the sample
Perrot, Jean-Luc. "Explorations optiques multimodales et multiéchelles non invasives appliquées au revêtement cutanéomuqueux , étendues à l'appareil oculaire antérieur." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES010/document.
Full textAfter a brief introduction to the history of non-invasive dermatological imaging, this work is divided into 3 parts. 1) Presentation of a project for the development of a low-cost miniaturized optical coherence tomograph to allow dissemination of this technique to dermatologists practicing outside hospitals. This is an ANR project: DOCT-VCSEL Portable Optical Coherence Tomography with MEMS-VCSEL swept-sources for skin analysis ANR 2015 / Societal Challenge "Life, Health and Welfare" Axis 13 “Technologies for Health" 2) Presentation of a project whose goal is the identification of cancer skin lesions by means of a new high definition OCT developed by the company DAMAE, resulting from the Higher Institute of Optics of Palaiseau. It is a device that will initially be reserved for centers of excellence in dermatological imaging. 3) Presentation of 52 publications related to skin imaging, in which I participated, and referenced in the international databases as of December 31, 2016. This work covers all modern dermatological non-invasive imaging and addresses Subjects that had never been studied in this way. Notably the mucous membranes and the anterior ocular apparatus but also the identification by confocal microscopy of the surgical margins or the association confocal microscopy Raman spectrometry
Louot, Christophe. "Sources de supercontinuum pour la microspectroscopie Raman cohérente large-bande." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0015/document.
Full textCoherent Raman microspectroscopy (CARS) is an optical method used to identify molecular bonds in a sample in order to analyze and determine its complete composition. It requires the simultaneous excitation of the sample by two waves (the pump wave and the Stokes wave) in order to induce resonant vibration of the bond to be detected. For multiple bonds analysis (broadband coherent Raman microspectroscopy our Multiplex-CARS), the monochromatic Stokes wave must be replaced by a broadband beam (supercontinuum). The aim of this thesis was to design supercontinuum sources optimized for Multiplex-CARS application, in particular in terms of spectral bandwidth and spectral power density. Supercontinuum generation was investigated in three different optical fibers: (i) a microstructured single mode fiber with a large Yb doped core in which the input beam was re-amplified all along its propagation; (ii) a conventional singlemode fiber pumped in the normal dispersion regime in which spectral broadening was achieved by means of Raman gain saturation; (iii) a conventional graded-index multimode fiber in which the beam spectrally broadened by Raman gain saturation at very high power also experienced spatial self-cleaning by Kerr effect, resulting in a high brillance output beam with an,intensity profile close to that of the fundamental mode. A complete spectrotemporal study is achieved for each of these three sources
Capitaine, Erwan. "Nouveaux procédés de microspectroscopie Raman cohérent à bande ultralarge." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0114/document.
Full textThe spectroscopy technique based on spontanée Raman Stokes scattering is a standard process used in many fields spanning from thermodynamic and medicine, to materials sciences. An inelastic energy exchange permits to determinate the frequency of the molecular vibrations in an object. One can identify the molecules and thus, can characterize the object of study in a label-free way. Nevertheless, this method is afflicted with faults. Beside the presence of fluorecence that can drown the Raman answer, the main drawback is the long exposition time required. In the case of biological sample, this can prohibit the use of spontaneous Raman scattering for microspectroscopy measures: the spectral mapping of microscopic objects. To avoid this problem, new techniques have been developed. It is the case of Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy. Due to its coherence and its directivity, the anti-Stokes signal has an intensity 105 to 106 times greater than the spontaneous Raman scattering one. The exposition time is then reduced to a tolerable level for biological objects during microspectroscopy measures. Moreover, the anti-Stokes characteristic of the signal prevents the fluorescence contribution. However, a major fault still limits the use of this technique: the nonresonant background. This phenomenon can diminish, even overwhelm the resonant contribution carrying the information. This thesis permitted the development of CARS approaches that allow the reduction of the nonresonant background. To do so, a multiplex CARS (M-CARS) spectroscopy apparatus in a forward configuration has been built. Its abilities are illustrated with spectral measures of mineral, vegetal and biological samples. Based on this system, it has been established an innovative method that can discriminate the resonant signal from the nonresonant one thanks to a static electric field. It has been also been demonstrated the development of a process that has allowed the first M-CARS microspectroscopy measure of a biological sample in a contrapropagative configuration. This setup limits the collect of the signal to the object of study, avoiding the acquisition of the resonant and resonant signals coming from the solvent, responsible for the major part of non resonant background during a CARS measure in a forward configuration
Djaker-Oudjhara, Nadia. "Microscopie par diffusion cohérente Raman CARS : application à l'imagerie des milieux biologiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30038.
Full textCoherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS) is a new approach for chemical imaging of molecular systems, with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and three dimensional sectioning capability, without using fluorophores that are prone to photobleaching. This technique permits to map selectively molecular species, by using vibrational properties of their chemical bounds. CARS is described by a four wave-mixing process, where the signal intensity depends nonlinearly on the incident intensities, and generated in a direction determined by the phase-matching condition. The approach of this work was to realize a CARS microscope, allowing biological systems imaging without any labelling or staining. Studies were undertaken showing the potentialities of this tool, as well as its characterization in the spatial and spectral domain
El, bassri Farid. "Sources lasers déclenchées nanosecondes : Applications à la spectroscopie Raman cohérente sous champ électrique." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0060/document.
Full textThanks to their compactness, robustness and low cost, pulsed nanosecond microlasers are particularly attractive sources for different detection and analysis systems, particularly flow cytometers or devices for CARS (Coherent Anti Raman Stokes Scattering) spectroscopy. However, these applications require reduced time jitter and increased repetition rate. The first part of this thesis proposes novel solutions to achieve the required performance from passively Q-switched microlasers, which are based on an hybrid coupled-cavity and intensitymodulated pump wave. A repetition rate greater than 30 kHz with jitter remaining lower than 200 ns is reached. Pulsed fiber microlasers operating by gain switching are also studied, showing that pulses with low timing jitter, at a repetition rate of more than 2 MHz can be obtained. The last part is devoted to the development and the implementation of a new system of CARS spectroscopy assisted by a high-voltage electrical stimulation. This device, based on an amplified microlaser, allows to substract the non-resonant background noise in the measurements. Thus, a fine spectroscopic analysis of the response of different environments of interest in continuous or pulsed field can be achieved. It may lead to a new method for field microdosimetry. Various applications, including granulometry at the micro or nanometric scale and the identification of markers for biology, are shown
Canonge, Rafael. "Imagerie moléculaire 3D quantitative des tissus en utilisant la microscopie Raman cohérente sans marquage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDM0010/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on multiphotonic microscopy techniques development and use in order to image human biological samples. A multiphotonic imaging setup using label-free nonlinear contrasts mechanisms such as two-photons fluorescence, second harmonic generation, or stimulated Raman effect (CARS or SRS) has been designed and developped during this PhD, and I present the experimental work in two main research topics.In a first part, we compare label-free 3D imaging with classic histological imaging using colorimetric labels in human digestive system. We show that multiphotonic technics allow to reconstruct the organization and discern the molecular compounds inside the tissues, in order to get a caratérization of the cancerous tumors developpement.The second part is related to the application of our multimodal setup to the quantitative study of real active molecular compounds real time penetration into in vivo human skin. We show that multiphotonic microscopy make possible to mesure active molecules in depth 3D concentration in the skin in order to understand transcutaneous diffusion mechanisms in cosmetic and pharmacological applications
Berto, Pascal. "Microscopie et spectroscopie de phase. Développements en diffusion Raman cohérente (CRS) et en thermo-plasmonique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4372.
Full textCoherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy is a technique that can map the spatial distribution of intra-molecular vibrational modes of a biological sample. This method thus provides molecular specificity, without staining the sample. However, CARS signal is hampered by a "non-resonant background" which reduces the contrast. Recently, Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy has been proposed as an alternative to CARS microscopy because it is a background free method. In this thesis, we describe the development of a SRS microscope. We evaluate the specificity of CARS and SRS contrasts in a concrete biomedical application, the detection of human melanomas. We present a comprehensive description of the physical phenomena that can lead to artifacts in SRS microscopy. We show that the scattering properties of the sample can lead to artifacts. We propose a technique based on three excitation beams of different color which suppresses these artifacts. In the second part, we focus on CARS microscopy in a wide-field configuration. We implement a technique to remove the non-resonant background. This method is based on wavefront sensing of the anti-Stokes Field by quadriwave lateral sharing interferometry (QWLSI). We demonstrate that the measurement of the intensity and phase of the complex CARS field allows to retrieve the spontaneous Raman scattering spectrum. As a perspective, we propose a technique, still based on wavefront sensing by QWLSI, to achieve quantitative absorption spectroscopy of nano-objects. We illustrate the potential of this technique by performing measurements on arrays of gold nanoparticles and on single nanoparticles
Debarre, Dominique. "Dynamique de la photodissociation de H₂CO : détermination de la distribution de H₂ (v. J) par DRASC, relaxation rotationnelle de H₂." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112215.
Full textFormaldehyde (H2 CO) is dissociated by UV radiation into H2+co. The fragments of this simple tetraatomic molecule separate very quickly, preventing energy transfer between different degrees of freedom. Thus the determination of the fragments internal state allows us to describe the transition state. Due to their asymmetric behavior, the fragments have different distributions. Co has very high rotational and nearly no vibrational excitations while H2 has modest vibrational and high vibrational ones. The H rovibrational 2 for the time being, only be distribution studied in this dissertation, can determined by CARS (Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering). Moreover, the high to study experimentally for orthohydrogen by helium, internal energy of this fragment the first time the rotational (v = 1, 2 and 3, J≤7). Bas allowed us relaxation of Despite the 150 ns delay between photolysis and CARS pulses due to the predissociative mechanism, and despite the helium translational cooling required to increase sensitivity, it can be proved that the distributions measured are unchanged by the relaxation (within experimental uncertainties). A simple calculation of Raman cross sections has also been derived for diatomics molecules
Roblin, Antoine. "Effets des collisions intermoléculaires sur les profils de diffusion Raman cohérente : application au diagnostic D.R.A.S.C. des milieux en réaction." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES014.
Full textOuazzany, Youssef. "Spectroscopie Raman cohérente à très haute résolution dans les gaz a l'aide de lasers à colorant impulsionnels à injection." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS065.
Full textMassoud, Mouhannad. "Experimental characterization of heat transfer in nanostructured silicon-based materials." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI063/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the experimental characterization of heat transfer at the nanoscale in materials compatible with microelectronic processes. Two characterization techniques are applied to two different systems, irradiated mesoporous silicon and suspended silicon membranes. The first characterization technique is micro-Raman thermometry. The laser power heats up the exposed sample. The determination of the thermal conductivity requires the modeling of the heat source using finite element simulations. The modeling of the heat source relies on different parameters that should be carefully determined. The second characterization technique is Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM), an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based technique. Operated in its active mode, the AFM probe is replaced by a resistive Wollaston probe that is heated by Joule heating. Used in AFM contact mode, this technique allows a local thermal excitation of the studied material. The determination of the thermal conductivity requires the analysis of the thermal response of the probe using calibration samples and modeling when dealing with complicated geometries. The effect of the tip position on heat transfer between the tip and the sample is studied. A new method decoupling the heat transfer between the tip and the sample, at the contact and through air, is proposed for determining the thermal conductivity of complicated geometries. The results obtained from the two techniques on irradiated mesoporous silicon samples using heavy ions in the electronic regime are in good agreement. They show a degradation of the thermal conductivity of mesoporous silicon due to the increase in the amorphous phase while increasing the ion fluence. The results obtained on suspended silicon membrane strips show a decrease in the thermal conductivity of more than 50 % in comparison to bulk silicon. When perforated into a phononic structure of sub-100 nm period, the membrane thermal conductivity is about one order of magnitude lower than the bulk. A chapter introducing a promising silicon-based material for the evidence of phonon coherence concludes the manuscript
Chen, Xueqin. "Human skin investigations using nonlinear spectroscopy and microscopy." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDM0014/document.
Full textSkin is an organ that envelops the entire body, acts as a pivotal, efficient natural barrier to- wards various invaders. For the treatment of major dermatological diseases and in the cosmetic industry, topical applications on skin are widely used, thus many efforts in skin research have been aimed at understanding detailed molecular absorption and efficient penetration mechanisms. However, it remains difficult to obtain high-resolution visualization in 3D together with chemical selectivity and quantification in skin research. Nonlinear spectroscopy and microscopy, including two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), spontaneous Raman scattering, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), are introduced in this work for unambiguous skin morphological identification and topical applied molecules detection. Sev- eral quantitative methods based on nonlinear spectroscopy and microscopy are designed for 3D chemical analysis in reconstructed skin, ex vivo and in vivo on human skin. Furthermore, to adapt to forthcoming clinical applications, an endoscopic design is investigated to bring nonlin- ear imaging in flexible endoscopes
Thomas, Fabrice. "Calibrages et études applicatives de la technologie SWIFTS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT136.
Full textSWIFTS (Stationary Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer) is a new innovative technology of spectrometry that allows a drastic reduction of the size of Fourier transform spectrometers, while maintaining, and even improving their performance. With advances in integrated optics and nanotechnology, SWIFTS is based on an original method of optical detection, without any moving part, where metallic nanodots directly sample the evanescent field of a standing wave in a waveguide.In this thesis, we propose to present the complete process that led, starting from the original concept, to the development and the applications of the technology. The document illustrates the optical characterizations, the technological choices and the optimizations made for the realization of functional spectrometers in the visible and near-infrared range. Innovative and complementary procedures of calibrations, based on frequency multiplexing and low coherence interferometry, have been developed to accurately determine the various irregularities of the manufacturing and of the behavior of the integrated device. The calibrated spectrometers allow to address various applications in industry and research, such as high performance characterization of lasers, interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings sensors, Raman and LIBS spectrometry, optical coherence tomography OCT, and sciences of the Universe (geophysics, astrophysics).SWIFTS is a breakthrough innovation in spectrometry, without trade-off between miniaturization and high performance, that opens the way for product development based on the most demanding applications currently performed in research laboratories
Zheng, Wan Quan. "Étude par spectroscopie C. A. R. S. Résolue dans le temps de la dynamique des états vibrationnels en phase dense." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112144.
Full textRolland, Philippe. "Etude par diffusion Raman antiStockes cohérente de gaz comprimés : montage d'une chaîne de mesures sous choc et spectres haute résolution de N2 gaz sous hautes pressions." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10560.
Full textHadj-Bachir, Mokrane. "Laser à rayons X ultra-compact Raman XFEL." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0400/document.
Full textThe quest for a compact X-ray laser has long been a major objective of laser science. Several schemes using optical undulators are currently considered, in order to trigger the amplification of back scattered radiation, in Compton or inverse Compton regime. We have proposed a new concept of compact XFEL based on a combination between the physics of free electron lasers, of laser-plasma interactions, and of nonlinear optics. In this thesis, we study the necessary steps to trigger a X-ray laser during the interaction between a free relativistic electron bunch and an optical lattice created by the interference of two intense transverse laser pulses. For this purpose I developed a particular tracking code dubbed RELIC. RELIC allowed us to study the dynamics and injection process of a bunch of relativistic electrons into the optical lattice. Thanks to RELIC, we distinguished several interaction regimes depending on the relativistic electron bunch parameters, and on those of the optical lattice and its geometry. These studies are applied to the X ray amplification and supported by PIC simulations. RELIC also allowed us to model and analyze the first experiment conducted in october 2015 on the ”Salle Jaune” laser facility at LOA. This first experiment was very important to validate our theoretical models, and should prove to be an essential milestone for the development of a Raman X-ray free electron laser
Berthillier, Frédéric. "Développement de la spectroscopie DRASC femtoseconde à sonde à dérive de fréquence pour la thermométrie haute cadence dans les milieux gazeux réactifs." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR24/document.
Full textThe experimental study of the physico-chemical processes of combustion requires the use of non-intrusive diagnostics. This manuscript reports the development of the CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering)) laser diagnostic in the femtosecond pulse regime for which the Chirped Pulse Probe (CPP) configuration enabled instantaneous measurements of temperature at 1kHz. A theoretical, numerical and experimental study allowed highlighting the possibility to measure temperature from the data processing of instantaneous DRASC spectra acquired in air/argon mixtures (300-600K) and in premixed flame CH4/Air with an accuracy of 1% at 2100 K. Validity of these results was obtained from numerical/experimental confrontations for different scalar parameters configurations. This study would enable in the near future the application of the CPP fs CARS diagnostic in turbulent flames representative of real flows observed in aeronautical combustion
Lanzillotti-Kimura, Norberto Daniel. "Dynamique de phonons acoustiques dans des multicouches nanométriques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066183.
Full textEste trabajo de tesis presenta un estudio experimental y teórico de la dinámica de fonones acústicos en multicapas a la escala nanométrica usando técnicas de acústica de picosegundos y dispersión Raman. Estudiamos las características de transmisión,generación y detección de fonones acústicos de ultra-alta frecuencia (en el rango GHz-THz) de superredes y nanocavidades de materiales semiconductores u óxidos dieléctricos. Diseñamos, optimizamos y caracterizamos dispositivos fonónicos aperiódicos y sistemas de nanocavidades acústicas acopladas. Finalmente utilizamos los efectos de confinamiento óptico para amplificar los procesos de generación y de detección de fonones acústicos coherentes y para modificar las reglas de selección. Por otra parte, desarrollamos modelos que nos permitieron calcular las respuestas ópticas y acústicas de estructuras excitadas por pulsos láser ultracortos, y evaluar la sección eficaz Raman en multicapas
This thesis presents an experimental and theoretical study of the acoustic phonon dynamics at the nanometric scale, by picosecond acoustic techniques and Raman scattering. We have studied the acoustic phonon (with frequencies in the GHz-THz range) transmission, generation and detection in superlattices and nanocavities made of semiconductor or dielectric oxyde materials. We have designed, optimized and characterized aperiodic phonon devices and coupled acoustic nanocavity systems. Finally, we have used the optical confinenment effects to enhance the coherent acoustic phonon generation and detection processes and to change the selection rules. In addition, we have developed models to computen the acoustic and optical responses of structures excited by ultrashort laser pulses, and to evaluate the Raman scattering cross section in nanometric multilayers
Nafa, Malik. "Spectroscopie DRASC en régime hybride fs/ps à haute cadence (kHz) appliquée à la thermométrie des gaz." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD001/document.
Full textCoherent spectroscopy such as Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) is commonly used for the study of reactive media.Following the recent progress encountered in laser sources and detectors, this thesis work proposes an adaptation of the technique for temperature measurements that exploits the ultra-short pulse regime (femtosecond, picosecond) to operate at high repetition-rate.The developed hybrid fs/ps-CARS setup delivers a 30-ps probe pulse using a femtosecond laser source and a Volume Bragg Grating. The obtained spectral resolution is 0,7 cm-1, which represents, within this pulse generation framework, the state of the art. This setup is applied to ro-vibrational spectroscopy of several molecular species.The interaction in the hybrid regime is described through a CARS simulation model that has been implemented. The modelling takes into account both the amplitude and the phase profiles of the probe pulse, and its delay to the femtosecond excitation. Influence of molecular collisions in the hybrid regime is also discussed.This modelling has been validated by fitting calculated spectra on experimental spectra recorded in ambient air, and in a premixed CH4/air flame. Temperature has been then measured at atmospheric pressure in these media. The precision is similar to the hybrid fs/ps-CARS thermometry state of the art.This work validates our N2 thermometry approach based on both the developed CARS setup and simulation model. Short term perspectives of this work are measurements on real combustion chambers at ONERA, by extrapolating our simulation model at high pressure
Henkel, Carsten. "Réflexion et diffraction d'atomes lents par un miroir à onde évanescente." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006757.
Full textBioud, Fatma Zohra. "Microscopie de mélange à quatre ondes résolue en polarisation pour sonder l’ordre moléculaire dans les milieux biologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4380.
Full textThe capacity to quantify molecular orientational order in tissues is of a great interest since pathologies (skin lesion, neurodegenerative diseases, etc) can induce strong modifications in proteins’ organization. While numerous studies have been undertaken using polarization resolved second order nonlinear optical microscopy which is only specific to non-centrosymmetric organizations, higher order effects have been less explored. Four-wave mixing (FWM) microscopy and its resonant counterpart coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) can be of a great utility as label free diagnosis tools benefiting from less constraining symmetry rules. In this work, we implement incident polarizations tuning in FWM and CARS microscopy to probe molecular order, using a generic method to read-out symmetry information.Fourier analysis of the polarization-resolved FWM/CARS signal processed with an analytical model provides a fast and direct determination of the symmetry orders of the distribution function of the probed molecules. This method does not require a priori knowledge of the organization structure and provides quantitatively its second and fourth order symmetries. We applied this technique on different systems, from crystalline to less organized (multilamellar vesicles and proteins aggregates). We show that this new approach brings additional and more refined information on supra-molecular structures in complex media
Hage, Charles-Henri. "Sources optiques fibrées pour applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907642.
Full textMunhoz, Fabiana. "Microscopie de mélange à quatre ondes résolue en polarisation: lecture des symétries structurales et vibrationnelles dans les milieux moléculaires." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557684.
Full textJoly, Véronique. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des mécanismes cinétiques dans le laser iode-oxygène chimique (LIOC)." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112177.
Full textLanzillotti, Kimura Norberto Daniel. "Dynamique de phonons acoustiques dans des multicouches nanométriques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814251.
Full textLombardini, Alberto. "Nonlinear optical endoscopy with micro-structured photonic crystal fibers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4377.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose the use of a novel type of photonic crystal fiber, the Kagomé lattice hollow core fiber, for the delivery of ultra-short pulses in nonlinear endoscopy. These fibers allow undistorted pulse delivery, over a broad transmission window, with minimum background signal generated in the fiber, thanks to the propagation in a hollow-core. We solved the problem of spatial resolution, by means of a silica micro-bead inserted in the Kagomé fiber large core. We have developed a miniature imaging system, based on a piezo-electric tube scanner, an achromatic micro-lenses assembly and a specifically designed Kagomé double-clad fiber. With this system we were able to image biological tissues, in endoscope modality, activating different contrasts such as TPEF, SHG and CARS, at the distal end of the fiber, a result which finds no equal in current literature. The integration in a portable probe (4.2 mm in diameter) shows the potential of this system for future in-vivo multimodal endoscopy
Zanon-Willette, Thomas. "DÉVELOPPEMENT D'UNE HORLOGE A PIÉGEAGECOHÉRENT DE POPULATION. ÉTUDE THÉORIQUE ET EXPÉRIMENTALE DU RÉGIMEIMPULSIONNEL ET CONTINU." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123499.
Full textDjaker, Nadia. "Microscopie par diffusion cohérente RamanCARS: Application à l'imagerie des milieuxbiologiques." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121943.
Full textm´ethode r´ecente d'imagerie dont le contraste provient de l'excitation r´eso-
nante s´elective de vibrations mol´eculaires intrins`eques d'une liaison ou d'un
ensemble de liaisons chimiques. Cette technique pr´esente l'avantage de s'af-
franchir de tout marqueur fluorescent qui peut ˆetre toxique pour un orga-
nisme biologique vivant. Elle permet aussi d'avoir une tr`es grande sensibilit´e
et une forte r´esolution spatiale, comparable `a celle de la microscopie confo-
cale. Le travail de cette th`ese concerne la r´ealisation d'un microscope CARS,
et sa mise en application `a diff´erents domaine de l'imagerie bio-m´edicale. Des
´etudes ont ´et´e men´ees d´emontrant les potentialit´es de cet outil, ainsi que sa
caract´erisation dans le domaine spatiale et spectral.