Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cognitive stressors

Academic literature on the topic 'Cognitive stressors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cognitive stressors"

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Fan, Erica, Tamara Dubowitz, Wendy Troxel, Andrea Weinstein, Tiffany Gary-Webb, Meryl Butters, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, and Andrea Rosso. "Cumulative Stress Burden and Cognitive Function in African American Adults Living in Low-Income Neighborhoods." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2000.

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Abstract African Americans (AA) are more likely to experience stressors due to racial discrimination and segregated neighborhoods, potentially contributing to higher risk for dementia. We investigated the association between stressors and cognitive function in older AA adults through cumulative stress burden (CSB) indices. Stressors and cognitive domains were measured in 253 participants >50 years, recruited from primarily AA neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA. CSB included perceived and psychological distress, unfair treatment, post-traumatic stress disorder, and neighborhood-level stressors such as walkability, safety, satisfaction, and social cohesion. Indices were formed by dichotomizing stressor scores and summing. Cognitive domains were z-scores adjusted for age, sex, and education. Adjusted generalized linear models assessed the relation between CSB indices and cognition, and between specific stressors and cognition. Interactions with age were tested. Greater individual-level CSB index was associated with lower language (□= -0.11, p= 0.03) and executive function (□= -0.087, p=0.04). The neighborhood-level CSB index was not associated with any cognitive domain. The combined index was marginally associated with language in adjusted models (□= -0.07, p= 0.05). There were no significant associations between specific stressors and cognition, except for neighborhood safety with 3MS (□= -0.28, p= 0.001) and language (□= -0.16, p= 0.02). Age interactions indicate that findings were stronger for younger participants. Greater cumulative stress is associated with poorer cognitive function in some domains in older AA. A comprehensive assessment of cumulative stress is vital in understanding the dimensionality of racialized stress for older adults potentially experiencing cognitive decline.
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Nilsen, Frances M., Jazmin D. C. Ruiz, and Nicolle S. Tulve. "A Meta-Analysis of Stressors from the Total Environment Associated with Children’s General Cognitive Ability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155451.

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General cognitive ability, often referred to as ‘general intelligence’, comprises a variety of correlated abilities. Childhood general cognitive ability is a well-studied area of research and can be used to predict social outcomes and perceived success. Early life stage (e.g., prenatal, postnatal, toddler) exposures to stressors (i.e., chemical and non-chemical stressors from the total (built, natural, social) environment) can impact the development of childhood cognitive ability. Building from our systematic scoping review (Ruiz et al., 2016), we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate more than 100 stressors related to cognitive development. Our meta-analysis identified 23 stressors with a significant increase in their likelihood to influence childhood cognitive ability by 10% or more, and 80 stressors were observed to have a statistically significant effect on cognitive ability. Stressors most impactful to cognition during the prenatal period were related to maternal health and the mother’s ability to access information relevant to a healthy pregnancy (e.g., diet, lifestyle). Stressors most impactful to cognition during the early childhood period were dietary nutrients (infancy), quality of social interaction (toddler), and exposure to toxic substances (throughout early childhood). In conducting this analysis, we examined the relative impact of real-world exposures on cognitive development to attempt to understand the inter-relationships between exposures to both chemical and non-chemical stressors and early developmental life stages. Our findings suggest that the stressors observed to be the most influential to childhood cognitive ability are not permanent and can be broadly categorized as activities/behaviors which can be modified to improve childhood cognition. This meta-analysis supports the idea that there are complex relationships between a child’s total environment and early cognitive development.
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Santostefano, Sebastiano, Mª Angeles Quiroga Estévez, and Susan Rooney Santostefano. "Life Stressors and Cognitive Styles in Children." Spanish Journal of Psychology 4, no. 1 (May 2001): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005631.

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To explore the way that children's cognitive functioning relates to stressors they report experiencing in every day life, this study used the approach of cognitive control theory, which defines cognition as a set of mobile functions that, in serving adaptation, shift in their organization. Children (N= 93), ranging in age from 56 to 115 months, were administered individually the Life Stressor Interview and several cognitive control tasks. Children who reported being exposed to arguments and threatening gestures among adults made more errors when focusing attention while distracted by stimuli concerning nurture. Children who reported being upset by shootings and fights had more difficulty remembering test information depicting two persons in a shoot-out. The results are discussed in terms of the potential value of an approach that integrates cognitive activity with personality.
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Yamane, Takahiro. "Longitudinal psychometric evaluation of the developmental disorder parenting stressor index with Japanese parents of children with autism." Autism 25, no. 7 (August 11, 2021): 2034–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211009349.

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Assessing parenting stress in parents of children with autism has crucial clinical implications because increased parental stress is associated with psychological disorders and personal distress, which can result in worse child–parent relationships. We examined the psychometric properties of a new index for assessing parenting stressors—the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index and the temporal variability of parenting stressors using longitudinal data of 212 Japanese parents of children with autism aged 2–18 years. The findings indicated that the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index has appropriate cross-validity, structural validity, construct validity, and reliability. Moreover, the psychometric properties and the brevity of the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index increase the clinical utility of the scale. The implications of the findings of this study are discussed. Lay abstract Parents of children with autism experience high rates of parenting stress. Assessing parenting stress in them has crucial clinical implications because increased parental stress is associated with psychological disorders and personal distress, which can result in worse child–parent relationships. Theorists have proposed that a person’s cognitive appraisal determines whether or not a situation or an encounter is personally stressful. However, prior scales merely measure the outcomes of parental stress as a stress response: little the scales were designed to assess events and cognitive appraisal-related parenting stressors of parents of children with autism. We investigated whether a new index for assessing parenting stressors—the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index is a valid measure to assess parenting stressors of parents of children with autism using longitudinal online surveys at three times. Participants were 212 Japanese parents of children with autism aged 2–18 years who completed the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index and measures of autism symptoms and stress response . Overall, the findings indicated that the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index can be reliably used to measure both experiences and cognitive appraisal of parenting stressors among parents of children with autism. Moreover, the Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index has several advantages and is a valuable measurement tool to be able to evaluate parenting stressors in clinical settings; Developmental Disorder Parenting Stressor Index is shorter, easier to complete, and can evaluate both viewpoints of parenting stressors.
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Drury, Rhitik Joshi Taylor, and Soomi Lee. "Daily Stressors Degrade Perceived Cognitive Abilities in Healthcare Professionals." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3289.

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Abstract Stress negatively impacts cognitive functioning. Less is known about whether daily stress is associated with perceived cognitive abilities in healthcare workers who require mental sharpness and attention to provide high-quality patient care. We examined daily associations between stressors and perceived cognitive abilities in nurses and whether the associations differed between workday vs. non-workday. Using 14-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment, 61 inpatient nurses at a U.S. cancer hospital reported the frequency and severity of daily stressors (e.g., arguments, accidents). Each day, participants subjectively evaluated their mental focus, memory, and attention. Multilevel modeling examined the within- and between-person associations of daily stressors with cognitive abilities adjusting for sociodemographics, work shift, and workday. Nurses reported experiencing stressors once every other day. More stressors were associated with poorer cognitive abilities. At the between-person level, those with more frequent or severe stressors reported poorer mental focus (B=-22.4, p<.01; B=-0.35, p<.01, respectively), worse memory (B=-24.35, p<.01; B=-0.37, p<.01, respectively), and lower attention (B=-25.47, p<.05; B=-0.40, p<.01, respectively). At the within-person level, on days with more frequent or severe stressors, participants reported poorer mental focus (B=-2.05, p<.05; B=-.03, p<.05, respectively) and lower attention (B=-1.95, p<.05; B=-.04, p<.01, respectively). Some of the between-person associations were more apparent on workdays; those with more stressors reported poorer mental focus and lower attention on workdays than on non-workdays. Nurses’ perceived cognitive abilities at work vary by daily stressors. Disconnecting the linkage between stressors and perceived cognition may help improve work performance in nurses who may encounter frequent stressors at work.
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Martin, Kristy, Julien Périard, Ben Rattray, and David B. Pyne. "Physiological Factors Which Influence Cognitive Performance in Military Personnel." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819841757.

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Objective: To identify and detail physiological factors that influence cognition in military personnel. Background: Maintenance of cognitive and task performance is important under several scenarios, none more so than in a military context. Personnel are prepared for and trained to tolerate many of the stressors they encounter; however, consideration of stressors typically extends only as far as the physical, psychological, and environmental requirements of a given task. While considering these factors certainly characterizes the broader picture, several physiological states and traits can influence cognition and thus, should also be considered. Method: A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Scopus), PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted from inception up to January 2019. Eligibility criteria included current military personnel, an outcome of cognition, and the assessment of a physiological factor. Results: The search returned 60,564 records, of which 60 were included in the review. Eleven studies examined the impact of demographic factors on cognition, 16 examined fatigue, 10 investigated nutrition, and 24 the impact of biological factors on cognitive performance. Conclusion: Factors identified as having a positive impact on cognition include aerobic fitness, nutritional supplementation, and visual acuity. In contrast, factors identified as having a negative impact include fatigue arising from sustained operations, dehydration, undernutrition, and an exaggerated physiological stress response to a cognitive task or a stressor. A further subset of these factors was considered modifiable. Application: The modifiable factors identified provide avenues for training and preparation to enhance cognition in ways previously unconsidered.
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Dugdale, Jeremy R., Robert C. Eklund, and Sandy Gordon. "Expected and Unexpected Stressors in Major International Competition: Appraisal, Coping, and Performance." Sport Psychologist 16, no. 1 (March 2002): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.16.1.20.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate appraisals and coping of elite athletes when facing expected versus unexpected stressors. Questionnaires were sent to all New Zealand athletes competing at the 1998 Commonwealth Games, and 91 athletes provided responses inside three weeks of the closing ceremony. A stressful experience that had occurred prior to or during their most important performance was identified by 71 althletes. Analysis revealed significant differences in the way athletes cognitively appraised expected and unexpected stressors. Unexpected stressors were perceived as more threatening than expected stressors. Athletes also indicated a significantly greater tendency to hold back or hesitate from responding or acting in the face of unexpected stressors in comparison to expected stressors. Athletes employed a variety of strategies to help them cope with their most stressful experience. Stressor expectedness, however, was not related to coping use or performance and coping evaluations. Finally, a modest but significant relationship was observed between coping strategy effectiveness and coping automaticity. These findings suggest that competitively functional primary and secondary cognitive appraisals of stressors may result from the preparation of athletes for potentially distressing events and circumstances associated with major international competitions.
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Parker, Karen J., Christine L. Buckmaster, Steven E. Lindley, Alan F. Schatzberg, and David M. Lyons. "Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis physiology and cognitive control of behavior in stress inoculated monkeys." International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, no. 1 (June 17, 2011): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411406864.

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Monkeys exposed to stress inoculation protocols early in life subsequently exhibit diminished neurobiological responses to moderate psychological stressors and enhanced cognitive control of behavior during juvenile development compared to non-inoculated monkeys. The present experiments extended these findings and revealed that stress inoculated monkeys: (a) mount neurobiological responses equivalent to non-inoculated monkeys when the stressor is of sufficient intensity, and (b) continue to exhibit enhanced cognitive control as young adults compared to non-inoculated monkeys. These results suggest that stress inoculation protocols alter the appraisal of and response to moderate stressors as less threatening and permanently enhance cognitive control, at least through early adulthood. These data therefore support the notion that the stress inoculation phenotype reflects stress resilience rather than stress pathology.
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Ren, Lei, Xiaobin Zhang, Peihu Chen, and Ke Song. "Taking charge under job stressors: Mediating effect of control appraisals and moderating effect of proactive resource acquisition tactics." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 50, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11681.

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We applied social cognitive theory and the job demands–resources model to examine the relationship between challenge and hindrance stressor types and taking charge. The sample comprised 242 Master of Business Administration students at a university located in eastern China. The regression results reveal that challenge stressors positively predicted taking charge, and that the direct effect of hindrance stressors on taking charge was nonsignificant. Control appraisals positively mediated the relationship between challenge stressors and taking charge, and negatively mediated the relationship between hindrance stressors and taking charge. The positive relationship between challenge stressors and control appraisals was stronger when resource acquisition tactics were highly proactive rather than when they were less proactive. Proactive resource acquisition tactics also moderated the indirect effect of challenge stressors on taking charge through control appraisals. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Finseth, Tor, Michael C. Dorneich, Nir Keren, Warren D. Franke, and Stephen B. Vardeman. "Manipulating Stress Responses during Spaceflight Training with Virtual Stressors." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052289.

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Virtual reality (VR) provides the ability to simulate stressors to replicated real-world situations. It allows for the creation and validation of training, therapy, and stress countermeasures in a safe and controlled setting. However, there is still much unknown about the cognitive appraisal of stressors and underlying elements. More research is needed on the creation of stressors and to verify that stress levels can be effectively manipulated by the virtual environment. The objective of this study was to investigate and validate different VR stressor levels from existing emergency spaceflight procedures. Experts in spaceflight procedures and the human stress response helped design a VR spaceflight environment and emergency fire task procedure. A within-subject experiment evaluated three stressor levels. Forty healthy participants each completed three trials (low, medium, high stressor levels) in VR to locate and extinguish a fire on the International Space Station (VR-ISS). Since stress is a complex construct, physiological data (heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, electrodermal activity) and self-assessment (workload, stress, anxiety) were collected for each stressor level. The results suggest that the environmental-based stressors can induce significantly different, distinguishable levels of stress in individuals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cognitive stressors"

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Kiasat, Shadi. "Work stressors across midlife and cognitive and physical impairment in older age." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183245.

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Psychosocial working conditions play a significant role for health during working age, as well as in post-retirement life. However, little is known about the impact of work stressors on cognitive and physical impairment assessed in combination. The aim was to study associations between midlife work stressors and physical and cognitive impairment in older age for women and men separately. The data were derived from two Swedish nationally representative surveys. The same participants were followed through three waves at the mean ages of 54, 61, and 81 (n=360). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between work stressors, and test of cognitive and physical function. Low control and passive jobs were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment, and cognitive and physical impairment when assessed in combination. These findings were driven by associations found among men. Accumulated low control and passive jobs across midlife were associated with physical impairment in older age among men, but not among women. These results highlight the importance of work stressors for physical and cognitive impairment in older age. Improving psychosocial working conditions in midlife, in particular increasing the level of control among employees, may promote healthy aging.
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Neupert, Shevaun D. "Daily stressors and memory failures in a naturalistic setting: Findings from the normative aging study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280314.

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The role of stress in memory functioning has typically been examined in the laboratory with biological indicators of stress (i.e., stress hormones) and cognitive tests. These studies have generally found a negative association between stress and cognitive performance; that is, people who have higher levels of stress hormones tend to have poorer cognitive performance. The present investigation sought to test this relationship in a naturalistic setting by examining daily stressors and memory failures via a daily diary paradigm. Further, age differences in reactivity (the likelihood of reporting a memory failure when a stressor is experienced) were examined. The primary source of data was the most recent wave of the Normative Aging Study (NAS), a longitudinal study that began in 1961 to examine normal aging processes. One hundred twenty-one adults (69 men, 52 women, age range 44-89) participated in the present study and answered questions regarding their daily stressors and memory failures for eight consecutive evenings. Results from Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analyses indicated that on days when people experience stressors, they were more likely to also report memory failures compared to stressor-free days. Although age differences in reactivity were not apparent when examining the total frequency of stressors and memory failures, some age differences emerged when looking more specifically at stressor and memory failure type. This study did not directly test the underlying physiological processes of stressors and memory failures, but the results found in a naturalistic setting lend ecological validity to findings that have been previously restricted to the laboratory. Directions for future research (e.g., combining laboratory and naturalistic measures, sampling a wider age range, implementing other sampling techniques, etc.) are discussed.
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Abdullatif, Qutayba. "Effects of trait anxiety and cognitive appraisals on emotional reactions to psychological and physical stressors." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002144.

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Wasley, David. "The impact of acute and chronic exercise on the psychophysiological responses to real-life and cognitive stressors." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7580.

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Heightened stress responses may be linked to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Individuals who are fitter and more physically active or have just completed an acute bout of exercise are proposed to have an attenuated cardiovascular stressor response. However, research to date utilises mainly laboratory-based stressors and there is a paucity of research investigating real-life stressors. Three studies were conducted to examine these relationships. Firstly, current fitness and physical activity levels and musicians' (n=58) psychological and physiological responses to musical performance (real-life stressor) and cognitive laboratory stressors were examined. Results showed that fitness was positively related to heart rate reactivity pre-real-life stressor but inversely related to absolute heart rate during a cognitive laboratory stressor. Physical activity was not related to any of the psychological or physiological measures pre- or during a real-life or laboratory stressor. Fitter individuals in this sample did not show a differentiated pattern of heart rate variability response prior to a real-life stressor. Secondly, the effect of l6 weeks of aerobic training (n=12) on psychological and physiological responses to a musical performance and a cognitive laboratory stressor were examined, and compared to an Alexander Technique group (n=9). Aerobic training resulted in lower heart rate during the real-life stressor compared to the Alexander Training. Finally, the effect of 20 min of exercise (70% VO₂max) on psychological and physiological indices pre-stressor were compared to no exercise (n=12) in a within-subject random crossover design. Patterns of heart rate, blood pressure and heart rate variability were similar for both conditions. Overall these results provide mixed evidence on the benefits of exercise, fitness and physical activity in altering individuals' responses to stressors. The use of musical performance as a real-life stressor is generally supported, but differences are noted between study conditions suggesting that study design needs careful consideration when working with real-life stressors.
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Hahn, Elizabeth. "Daily Experiences of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4060.

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Rationale and study aims: Persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experience declines in everyday functioning and cognitive performance greater than what is experienced in normal aging but less than that of dementia. Daily stress and daily memory complaints associated with cognitive deficits may contribute to greater psychological distress in the day-to-day experiences of persons with MCI. However, research examining the occurrence of daily stressors, daily memory complaints and psychological distress in MCI is limited, and it is not clear how the daily processes of stress and affect in persons with MCI compare to cognitively healthy older adults. This dissertation examined the occurrence of daily stressors, daily memory complaints, retrospective and daily well-being in persons with MCI compared to cognitively healthy controls. Main analyses examined whether daily stressors and daily memory complaints were associated with worse daily affect in MCI participants compared to controls, and whether increased daily stress was associated with a greater number of memory complaints. Methods: The study used a short-term repeated measures design, and included MCI and control participants recruited from a university-based memory clinic. The interviews consisted of a baseline interview and up to eight consecutive days of brief daily phone interviews. The interviews included both retrospective and daily measures of psychological well-being, daily stressors, daily memory complaints, and open-ended questions about daily experiences. Results: Persons with MCI reported a greater number of daily memory complaints and worse psychological distress, as measured by both retrospective and daily reports. There were no significant differences between MCI and control participants, however, in the frequency of daily stressors. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, on days when a participant reported more daily stressors, they had higher negative affect. The stress-negative affect relationship was stronger for MCI participants compared to controls. MCI and control participants who reported more memory complaints, on average, had higher negative affect. Discussion: Daily stressors were disproportionally associated with greater psychological distress in MCI participants as compared to cognitively healthy controls. Interventions targeting the potential distress associated with daily life may be beneficial for psychological well-being in persons with MCI. Future research should examine other potential mechanisms of distress in daily lives of persons with MCI in order to inform relatives and caregivers of persons with MCI, clinicians who give diagnoses to their patients, and individuals providing community support for individuals living with MCI.
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Blower, Sarah. "Explaining individual differences in children's emotions and behaviour following routine stressors : the role of cognitive appraisal, coping and cortisol." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616873.

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Many children experience symptoms of mental health problems and a significant proportion reach clinical thresholds of psychological disorder. It has been argued that the rising incidence of these problems and widespread failure to scale effective treatments for those in need means that prevention and early intervention in the development of emotional and behavioural problems is a public health priority. Child development is shaped by many forces, including for example parenting and peer relationships, this PhD is very specifically interested in the consequences of stress for children’s emotions and behaviour. Although the effects of stress are largely deemed negative, striking individual differences are almost universally observed. In the context of equivalent stressors, some children experience poorer outcomes, some remain relatively unaffected and others appear to experience better outcomes. Understanding what causes these differences is important for advancing our knowledge of the stress process, and is also key to designing services to improve children’s emotions and behaviour. This PhD has four aims. Firstly, it examines the relationship between two routine, school- based stressors and children’s emotional and behavioural outcomes. Secondly, it investigates the role of the cognitive appraisal process in accounting for individual differences in those outcomes. Thirdly, it examines the conditions under which cognitive appraisal operates, both in terms of its role as an organiser of coping efforts and cortisol (a stress hormone) as well as the extent to which children display consistency in their appraisals across contexts. Fourthly, it outlines the implications of the study for policy and practice efforts to improve children’s emotions and behaviour. The empirical study was designed as a prospective longitudinal study, following 66 children over the course of one year in which they experienced two routine, school-based stressors (KS2 exams and transition). Participants were recruited via opportunity sampling methods, and a combination of psychological and physiological data were collected at four time points.
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Ennis, Michael Patrick. "Cognitive Appraisal, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies in Mediating SAM Activation to a Psychological Stressor." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278570/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine Dienstbier's (1989) hypothesis that SAM elicitation is prompted by subject's cognitive expectations of an acute stressor ('challenge' or 'threat' appraisal). Reported anxiety was also measured.
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Zbur, Samantha Lindsey. "An Initial Evaluation of a School-Based Psychoeducational Program Teaching Adolescents to Cope with Traumatic Stressors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1475714320388223.

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Vendemia, Jennifer Mary Coplin. "Repressors vs. Low- and High-Anxious Coping Styles: EEG, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure Differences During Cognitive and Cold Pressor Pain Stressors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27552.

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Repressors, defined as individuals possessing an increased cortical sensitivity to anxiety-provoking stimuli combined with the tendency to avoid such stimuli, may be differentiated from low- and high-anxious individuals. This study investigated behavioral performance, electrophysiological reactivity (EEG), and cardiovascular reactivity (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in three major coping style groups (repressors, low-anxious, and high-anxious) during low and high stressful conditions. Conditions were rest, cognitive stress (computerized Stroop Interference Task, with and without negative emotional stimuli), and physiological stress (cool water vs. ice cold water left hand immersions). Participants were 49 healthy, right handed university undergraduate women, chosen with Weinberger et al.'s (1979) criteria according to their differentially extreme scores on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale. Although mixed, findings supported the proposal that these three groups utilize differential attentional strategies and interpretive biases during both neutral and negative stimuli. In the word interference Stroop condition, reaction times (RTs) were longer for negative than neutral stimuli. Unexpected RT differences occurred in low and high error groups across the three coping styles. High error scoring repressors had longer RTs than low error/low-anxious; high-anxious/low error and high-anxious/high error groups did not differ. Repressors perceived the cold water as being less distressful and painful than the low- and high-anxious groups. No heart rate differences occurred. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure increased following cool and cold water immersion. Unexpectedly, the high-anxious group exhibited significantly lower diastolic blood pressure than the other groups, both at rest and following the stressors. EEG activation pattern differences were observed. During anticipation for cool immersion, in comparison to the high-anxious group, repressor and low-anxious groups showed less right parietal involvement suggestive of less arousal (Heller, 1993). During cool water immersion, frontal and parietal differences were observed across groups. During the Stroop Interference Task, repressors showed greater right frontal involvement than other groups. The data are most supportive of Eysenck and Derakshan's (1997) four-factor theory that proposes differential and attentional biases for these three groups. Suggestions for future research and practical applications in health fields are discussed.
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Sarkar, Mustafa. "The assessment of psychological resilience in sport performers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17616.

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Why is it that some athletes are able to withstand the pressures of competitive sport and attain peak performances, whereas others succumb to the demands and under-perform? It is the study of psychological resilience that aims to address this question. To significantly advance psychologists' knowledge and understanding of this area, there exists an urgent need to develop a sport-specific measure of resilience (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012; Galli & Vealey, 2008; Gucciardi, Jackson, Coulter, & Mallett, 2011). The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to investigate the assessment of psychological resilience in sport performers. To this end, the thesis is split into five chapters. Chapter one reviews and critiques the various definitions, concepts, and theories of resilience, and provides an overview of the research that has specifically examined psychological resilience in sport performers. Chapter two reviews psychometric issues in resilience research and its implications for sport psychology (part one), and discusses psychological resilience in sport performers via a review of the stressors athletes encounter and the protective factors that help them withstand these demands (part two). Drawing on these reviews of resilience in sport, Chapter three (studies one-three) describes the development and validation of the Sport Resilience Scale (SRS). More specifically, Study 1 explores the content validity of a pool of items designed to reflect psychological resilience in athletes, Study 2 examines the factorial structure of the SRS using exploratory factor analysis, and Study 3 tests the factorial structure of the SRS via confirmatory factor analysis, investigates whether the components of the measurement model are invariant across different groups, and examines the relationship between the SRS and other relevant concepts. Using the SRS, and based on Fletcher and Sarkar's (2012) grounded theory of psychological resilience, Chapter four (studies 4 and 5) investigates resilience in sport performers via an examination of moderation and mediation hypotheses. Specifically, Study 4 tests whether the association between the stressors athletes encounter and athletes' positive adaptation is moderated by the protective factors that athletes possess and Study 5 tests whether the association between the stressors athletes encounter and athletes' positive adaptation is mediated by their cognitive appraisal processes. Lastly, Chapter five offers a summary, discussion, and conclusion of the thesis. Overall, the research reported in this thesis has developed the first valid and reliable measure of psychological resilience in sport performers and has provided quantitative support for Fletcher and Sarkar's (2012) theoretical model of sport resilience by illustrating the moderating role of protective factors and the mediating role of cognitive appraisal.
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Books on the topic "Cognitive stressors"

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Schaefer, Tanja B. Sex-role orientation and the type "A" personality: Their value in prediction the responses and the recovery rate for a cognitive stressor. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1998.

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Gluck, Kevin A., and Glenn Gunzelmann. Computational Process Modeling and Cognitive Stressors: Background and Prospects for Application in Cognitive Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199757183.013.0029.

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Pachankis, John E., Audrey Harkness, Skyler Jackson, and Steven A. Safren. Transdiagnostic LGBTQ-Affirmative Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197643341.001.0001.

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Abstract This workbook introduces new cognitive-behavioral therapy skills for managing emotional experiences that might be directly or indirectly caused or worsened by stress related to being LGBTQ. The treatment program begins by reviewing the types of emotions that an individual might be currently experiencing. Throughout the program, patients are reminded that some or much of their emotional experience might be directly or indirectly impacted by LGBTQ-related stress. The treatment teaches patients how to be more aware of their emotions and the stressors that cause them and how stressors impact their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors or actions. It outlines specific ways to transform less helpful coping strategies into more helpful ones.
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Pachankis, John E., Audrey Harkness, Skyler Jackson, and Steven A. Safren. Transdiagnostic LGBTQ-Affirmative Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197643303.001.0001.

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Abstract This book covers the principles and techniques that mental health practitioners can use to affirmatively respond to the distinct stressors that their LGBTQ clients often face. It outlines a clear step-by-step approach that teaches skills for enhancing LGBTQ clients’ mental well-being by undoing the deep impact that early and ongoing LGBTQ-related stress can have on basic psychological processes. It also provides essential tools for helping therapists effectively and affirmatively respond to the unique needs of their LGBTQ clients. The book is accompanied by a workbook that presents cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques that directly respond to the distinct stressors facing LGBTQ individuals. The workbook is designed to enhance mental well-being and covers a broad range of mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, substance use problems, and psychological distress.
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Tamura, Manjula Kurella, Mark L. Unruh, and Ea Wha Kang. Cognitive function, depression, and psychosocial adaptation. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0272.

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Psychiatric complications of end-stage renal disease are common, often debilitating, and potentially preventable. Patients with end-stage renal disease are at higher risk for psychiatric disorders compared to patients with other chronic health conditions, and those who suffer from psychiatric complications are at higher risk for death and dialysis withdrawal. Both dementia and depression also reduce quality of life and impair adherence to prescribed therapies. In addition, patients with end-stage renal disease are confronted with multiple stressors related to their illness and treatment. This chapter reviews the clinical approach to cognitive impairment, depression, and psychosocial adaptation among patients with end-stage renal disease.
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Quantification of Cognitive Process Degradation While Mobile, Attributable to the Environmental Stressors Endurance, Vibration, and Noise. Storming Media, 1998.

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D'Amico, Peter Joseph. Children's coping with peer-related stressors: Social competence and its relationship to affective cognitive, and situational factors. 1994.

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A cognitive developmental study of children's conceptions of stress and experience with stressors: A comparison of diabetic, learning disabled, and nonclinical groups of children. 1989.

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Casey, Patricia. Models, risks, and protections (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786214.003.0004.

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Several explanatory models have been proposed for AD. The stress model is the current model and the one on which the ICD-11 criteria will be based. Others include a crisis model, a biological model, and a transactional-cognitive model. The research on the risk and protective factors is sparse and some studies are poorly designed owing to inadequate confounder control. The presence of a stressor is essential, and it can be a common event such as relationship breakdown or more traumatic stressors that have come to be associated with PTSD. Personality disorder does not appear to be a specific risk factor but certain personality dimensions have been identified as increasing vulnerability. Maladaptive coping strategies, poor social supports, and childhood trauma have also been identified. Resilience is a protective factor. Thus, the variables that increase or decrease risk are similar to those identified for other common psychiatric disorders, but better-designed studies are required in the future.
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Post, Robert M. Depression as a Recurrent, Progressive Illness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603342.003.0003.

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Clinical Highlights and summary of Chapter• Episodes of depression and bipolar illness progress in two ways:faster recurrences as a function of number of prior episodes, andgreater autonomy (decreased need for precipitation by stressors(Episode Sensitization)• Recurrent stressors result in increased reactivity to subsequent stressors(Stress sensitization) and bouts of stimulant abuse increase in severity with repetition(Stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization)• Each type of sensitization cross-sensitizes to the others and drives illness progression• Each type of sensitization involves specific memory-like epigenetic processes as well as nonspecific cellular toxicities• Childhood onset depression and bipolar illness have a more adverse course than adult onset illness and are increasing in incidence via a cohort (year of birth) effect• As opposed to genetic vulnerability, each type of sensitization can be prevented with appropriate clinical intervention and prevention, which should lessen illness severity and progression• Seeing depression and bipolar disorder as progressive illnesses changes the therapeutic emphasis away from acute treatment and instead to long term prophylaxis• Preventing recurrent depressions will likely protect the brain, the body, and the personWord count with Named refs = 6,417>Depression and bipolar disorder are illnesses which tend to progress with each new recurrence. Stressors, mood episodes, and bouts of substance abuse each sensitize (show increased reactivity) upon their repetition and cross-sensitization to the others. These sensitization processes appear to have a memory-like and epigenetic basis, in some instances conveying lifelong increased vulnerability to illness recurrence and progression. Greater numbers of episodes are associated with faster recurrences, lesser need for stress precipitation, cognitive dysfunction, pathological changes in brain, treatment refractoriness, and loss of many years of life expectancy, predominantly from cardiovascular disease. Such a perspective emphasizes the need for greater awareness of higher incidence of psychiatric and medical comorbidities in the United States compared to many European countries, and the need for earlier intervention and more sustained long term prophylaxis to prevent illness progression and its adverse consequences on brain and body.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cognitive stressors"

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Sullivan-Kwantes, Wendy, Matthew Cramer, Fethi Bouak, and Leonard Goodman. "Environmental Stress in Military Settings." In Handbook of Military Sciences, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_107-1.

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AbstractDuring military training and operations, exposure to extremes of noise, temperature, humidity, pressure, or acceleration can induce levels of physiological strain that degrade cognitive and physical capabilities, threaten health and safety, and affect behavior and performance. The overarching purpose of this chapter is to discuss the impact of environmental stress on military personnel. Because each of the aforementioned stressors induces disparate effects, each section addresses a unique stressor in terms of (i) the nature of the threat, (ii) physiological and biomedical effects, (iii) the impact on performance, and (iv) management strategies. The evolution of next-generation wearable biosensors, smart performance algorithms, and scientifically based operational training methods including stress inoculation exposure that will contribute to improved training, adaptation, and tolerance to these operational stresses is discussed.
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Maples, Bethanie, Roy D. Pea, and David Markowitz. "Learning from Intelligent Social Agents as Social and Intellectual Mirrors." In AI in Learning: Designing the Future, 73–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09687-7_5.

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AbstractThe interaction capabilities of Intelligent Social Agents, made possible by advances in artificial intelligence, are eliciting deep emotional bonding with users, leading researchers to reexamine the impact and potential uses of these human-machine relationships in education. In this work, we examine how one best-in-class ISA, Replika, might be affecting users socially, emotionally, and cognitively. Our results indicate that many use Replika as a social and cognitive mirror, facilitating their learning and development this way. The confluence of new functionality, product narrative, and user life stressors make ISAs an emerging tool for not only emotional support, but also cognitive support and development.
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Le Goff, Jean-Marie, Valérie-Anne Ryser, and Laura Bernardi. "Subjective Well-Being, Family Dynamics and Vulnerability." In Withstanding Vulnerability throughout Adult Life, 17–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4567-0_2.

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AbstractThere is a wealth of empirical studies linking the life events and transitions to variations in subjective wellbeing. These studies are often cross sectional or, when taking a dynamic approach, they address one life domain at the time. Within LIVES, the relationship between family transitions (like the transition to parenthood, couple separation, lone motherhood) and well-being has been investigated longitudinally and with attention to the spillovers between the family and other life domains. Several projects show the extent to which family events or phases affect individual subjective wellbeing in the short or long term and what are the interdependencies with employment and health trajectories. Results show also gender differences in the way different types of stressors act and are reacted to. For instance, men and women have different strategies and mobilize different resources and reserves drawing on various life domains (economic, social, cognitive) to deal with stressors related to critical events and transitions. In this chapter, we review and discuss the results of such projects (becoming a parent study, lone motherhood project, etc.) in the light of a multidimensional understanding of vulnerability processes across the life course.
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Wang, Shuo, Lei Wang, and Shu Li. "Emotional Stressor on Human Errors in Flight: A Heart Rate Variance Examination." In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 80–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77932-0_7.

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Wang, Lijing, Yanlong Wang, Yingchun Chen, Dayong Dong, and Wenjun Dong. "Stressor Load and Stress Resilience: A New Perspective for Occupational Stress." In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Performance, Emotion and Situation Awareness, 232–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58472-0_19.

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McGuigan, F. J. "Managing Internal Cognitive and External Environmental Stresses through Progressive Relaxation." In Stress and Tension Control 3, 3–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7915-1_1.

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Cecil-Xavier, Aaron, Avinash Gupta, Shelia Kennison, and Miguel Pirela-Cruz. "Effect of Personality Traits and Stressor Inducers on Users’ Cognitive Load During Interactions with VR Environments." In Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: Design and Development, 153–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05939-1_10.

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"The effects of combined stressors on the production of speech." In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 277–82. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315094465-39.

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"The Occupational Stressor Index (OSI): A Comprehensive Model derived from Cognitive Ergonomics for Clinical Practice." In Job Stressors and Mental Health, 131–61. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814525565_0005.

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Antoni, Michael H., Gail Ironson, and Neil Schneiderman. "Session 1: Stressors and Stress Responses / Progressive Muscle Relaxation for 16 Muscle Groups." In Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management: Workbook, 5–15. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195327908.003.0002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cognitive stressors"

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Sangeetha, Elango, Smita Singh, Jasmine Yap, and Andre Gentil Filho. "Role of Affect in Construal of Life Stressors." In Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp13.51.

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Petrash, Marina D. "The Effect Of Daily Stressors On Vegetative Regulation: The Age Aspect." In 7th icCSBs 2018 - The Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.02.02.17.

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Smitas, Andrius. "Associations Of Positive Personality Characteristics With Psychophysiological Response To Stressors: Literature Review." In 5th icCSBs 2017 The Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.01.02.23.

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Sili, Miroslav, Martin Bacher, Elisabeth Broneder, René Luigies, and Niklas Hungerländer. "mHealthINX – The mental Health eXperience concept." In Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2021) Future Trends and Applications. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001141.

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mHealthINX is an international research project that aims to design and develop a digital-based solution that supports older employees (55+) in promoting and strengthening their mental health. Age-related decline of physical and cognitive abilities can raise challenges and stressful situations for older adults at work. mHealthINX seeks to alleviate these problems by providing a user-friendly digital solution that supports older employees in monitoring their stress levels, make themselves aware of stressors, and preventing stress-related consequences. The prototype will provide mental health assessments and mental health-promoting features such as cognitive training, mindfulness, and techniques and tools supporting users in learning to cope with stressors. This work aims to depict the mHealthINX solution's concept and highlight the interplay between its frontend components. Next to the concept, this work focuses on the user experience and user involvement results gained from the first and second workshops held in Switzerland and the Netherlands.
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Colombo, Simone, Davide Manca, Sara Brambilla, Roberto Totaro, and Remo Galvagni. "Towards the Automatic Measurement of Human Performance in Virtual Environments for Industrial Safety." In ASME 2011 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2011-5564.

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Human errors during operations, probably more clearly referred to as human or action failures, play an important role in causing industrial accidents. The assessment of human performance, through the identification and measurement of human failures, is a complicated, but essential, task to accomplish in real process plants. Virtual Reality (VR) provides a suitable mean to identify human failures, measure human performance and train field operators to risky situations. Nevertheless, not all the aspects relevant to Human Factors (HF) can be easily identified, assessed and reproduced in Virtual Environments (VE). Indeed, VR seems to be better suited to measure cognitive capabilities, such as Command, Control, and Communication capabilities (commonly referred to as C3 capabilities), rather than anthropometric ones like physical coordination, precision in manipulating and ability to reach. Actually, this is certainly not due to the intrinsic nature of VR but, rather, to its current state of development. Industrial environments, if properly recreated in VR, can allow anticipating people behavior, thus enabling to identify whether critical actions have been identified and to measure human performance. Further, by changing in real-time those experiment parameters, such as weather conditions (e.g., wind speed, direction, intensity) and process variables (e.g., pressure, flow rate, heat duties), the strength of environmental stressors, singularly or in a combined fashion, on cognitive capabilities such as recognition, anticipation, prioritization, and planning, can be suitably measured and assessed. The consequences of actions performed by operators can even be experienced instantly, thus allowing for an incisive and persistent training effect. The manuscript presents an integrated approach to step towards the use of VR to (a) verify whether the identified human failure types are all of those that might occur in reality, (b) identify additional human failure types that might affect plant safety, (c) measure the influence of environmental stressors on human performance. Further, the approach presents a way to collect automatically HF data to be used and manipulated for giving rise to Human Performance Indexes (HPI). Eventually, HPI can then be of real help in supporting decision-making processes for industrial safety.
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Innocencio, Giovanna de Camargo, Paulo Roberto Hernandes Júnior, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Epidemiological profile of Dementia in the state of São Paulo in the last 5 years." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.175.

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Background: dementia is a syndrome characterized by the presence of a progressive deficit in cognitive function, with interference in social and occupational activities, with risk factors varying with genetic and environmental stressors. The differential diagnosis must identify potentially reversible conditions, of different etiologies, such as metabolic changes, intoxications, and nutritional deficiencies. In primary degenerative dementias and sequelae forms, the etiological diagnosis carries therapeutic and prognostic implications. Objectives: to analyse the current epidemiological profile of dementia in the state of São Paulo in the last 5 years. Methods: a literature review was carried out based on articles available in the Scielo and PubMed database and an observational, descriptive and cross- sectional collection of epidemiological data on dementias available in DATASUS – SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) – in the last 5 years – January 2016 to December 2020 – assessing the number of hospitalizations, the amount of public spending, mortality rate and permanence. Results: in the analyzed period, 3.105 hospitalizations were observed due to occurrences related to dementia, representing a total expenditure of R$37.847.961,13, with 2017 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations and responsible for the highest amount spent. The total mortality rate in the 5 years studied was 5,57, corresponding to 173 deaths, with 2020 being the year with the highest rate while 2017 had the lowest rate. The average of the permanence in the hospital was 180 days. Conclusion: patients with dementia need early diagnosis and procedures to reduce the rate of hospitalizations and mortality, as well as public costs. For this, technological innovations, using structural and functional neuroimaging methods, as well as biology and molecular genetics techniques, have presented perspectives for the early diagnosis of dementia.
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Ebnali, Mahdi, Andrew Goldsmith, Barbara Burian, Byonne Atamna, Nicole Duggan, Chanel Fischetti, Steven Yule, and Roger Dias. "AR-Coach: Using Augmented Reality (AR) for Real-Time Clinical Guidance During Medical Emergencies on Deep Space Exploration Missions." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002100.

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Space travel imposes significant risks to crew health due to physiological adaptations, exposure to physical and psychological stressors, and limited capabilities to provide medical care. When medical emergencies occur, appropriate use of diagnostic and procedural guidance tools are crucial countermeasures against the risks of injury and mission failure. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is the only portable imaging modality available during exploration missions that can provide critical and dynamic medical information. Developing competency in POCUS is time-consuming and it is usually achieved through years of medical residency or clinical fellowship training programs. Due to the amount of astronaut training currently required, it is not feasible to also provide them with in-depth POCUS training. Current cognitive aids for POCUS-based procedures are either paper-based or static electronic checklists, which can be cumbersome to use, non-intuitive, and sometimes distracting; applying their written guidance to real actions can be difficult. To overcome these limitations, we developed a proof of concept of an augmented reality (AR) Coach (AR-Coach) as an Augmented Clinical Tool (ACT): a hands-free virtual coach system that guides the crew in real-time on how to perform POCUS during medical emergencies in space. To better understand the context and design requirements for the proposed ACT, we applied a human-centered design approach as part of our wider space medicine research program. We convened a multidisciplinary expert panel (n=46), including astronauts, flight surgeons, clinicians, XR and AI experts, to identify essential capability requirements. Task analysis with five experts, including clinicians, human factors researchers, and an XR developer, was used to create a process model of a POCUS-guided procedure to diagnose a potentially life-threatening condition (i.e., pneumothorax) that could occur during space travel. An iterative design and prototyping process was conducted. Informed by the expert panel and task analysis, we created a proof of concept of the AR-Coach which includes holographic panels that guide the crew in confirming the diagnosis of pneumothorax using POCUS. The results of this study can be applied in advancing space technologies that support astronauts in managing medical events during space exploration missions, optimizing performance, and improving crew safety.
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Petkar, Harshad, Shivangi Dande, Rajeev Yadav, Yong Zeng, and Thanh An Nguyen. "A Pilot Study to Assess Designer’s Mental Stress Using Eye Gaze System and Electroencephalogram." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86542.

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The study of mental stress is of great importance to design in that it enhances our understanding of designer’s cognitive model during the creative design process, among others. As the first step of this effort, this paper focuses on the assessment of mental stress based on the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and the eye related data. The stress stimuli used is the computer based Stroop test with six difficulty levels. By using different parameters such as EEG power bands, and other eye behavior data, human mental stresses were assessed. Results indicate a strong correlation between the recorded physiological signals and the emotional state of the designers. This study provides a baseline for the further analysis of designer’s and users mental stresses during design-related tasks.
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Piotrovskaia, Larisa A. "INTONATION OF EXTERNAL TEXT AND INTERNAL TEXT." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.18.

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The paper is devoted to the psycholinguistic analysis of text intonation during speech production and speech perception. The following statements are the theoretical background of research: 1) speech activity is mental activity, 2) both speech production and speech perception are active processes, 3) utterance sense depends on text sense, 4) according to N. Zhinkin external and internal text as well as text sense are crucial concepts. The results of multi-year acoustic analysis of oral monologic and dialogic speech are summarized. The speaker chooses intonation arrangement that is adequate not only to external text but also to internal text. The result of speech perception that is active mental process is an adequate comprehension of text sense that speaker wanted to express. Inadequate intonation arrangement of text sense might create considerable difficulties in oral speech perception process. The author argues that speech segmentation, the direction of pitch pattern, the movement of speech tempo and the specific type of stress, that is accentual phrasal stress, are representative of text sense, both external and internal. Key element for cognitive speech segmentation by speaker is existence of whole text intention and its sense segmentation. Inadequate sense-group segmentation might depend on communication breakdown or deficiency of intention to be understood such as control failure. Tune two instead of tune one is distinguished in oral monologic and dialogic speech. If we interpret the external text as a part of internal one, the new explanation of last word segmentation as well as accentual phrasal stress and also two accentual phrasal stresses in one phrase may be proposed. Refs 26.
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Vodopyanova, N. E., O. O. Gofman, A. N. Gusteleva, and D. V. Serezin. "Analysis of the difficulties of distance learning of students and search for ways to coping with them." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.419.435.

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Changes taking place in the world transform the usual way of life and force one to adapt to new forms of work, training, leisure, etc. Despite the fact that information and communication technologies have been a popular educational tool for a long time, the transition of students from full-time to distance learning (DL) in connection with the coronavirus pandemic created a situation of high tension for a number of objective and subjective reasons: uncertainty, a threat to health, lack of real communication, technical difficulties of the DL. All of this in aggregate is considered by us as a stressful situation (SS) and determines the relevance of the study of personality factors that contribute to coping with new stresses. The purpose of the study is to identify factors of SS and resources to control it from the standpoint of maintaining the health and vitality of students. Methods: semi-standardized expert interviews with teachers, author’s questionnaire «Difficulties and resources to overcome them», questionnaire «Health» a short version of the vitality test (Osin & Rasskazova, 2013), assessment of motivation and attitude towards professional activity students (Krylova & Ignatkova, 2017). The study was carried out online in May 2020 during the transition exclusively to DUO. Sample: expert interviews with 30 teachers from universities in St. Petersburg, Tver, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk; 82 students (age 18 — 30 years) of the Faculty of Psychology of St. Petersburg State University, College of Physical Culture and Sports of St. Petersburg State University, Sakhalin College of Arts. Results. Among the most stressful factors of emergency situations, students included social isolation, new conditions and requirements for self-organizing training, the cognitive difficulties of control tasks in an online format, an epidemiological threat to health, and an experience of anxiety and uncertainty. From the perspective of the subject-resource approach, the personal resources of coping with emergencies are determined. The obtained results formed the basis for recommendations and reconstructions of the educational process.
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Reports on the topic "Cognitive stressors"

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Banderet, L. E., B. L. Shukitt, E. A. Crohn, R. L. Burse, and D. E. Roberts. Effects of Various Environmental Stressors on Cognitive Performance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188762.

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Schipani, Salvatore P., Richard S. Bruno, Michael A. Lattin, Bobby M. King, and Debra J. Patton. Quantification of Cognitive Process Degradation While Mobile, Attributable to the Environmental Stressors Endurance, Vibration, and Noise. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada346416.

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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, Michelle Koussa, and Juan Manuel Hernández. Skills for Life: Stress and Brain Development in Early Childhood. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003205.

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Learning to cope with disappointments and overcoming obstacles is part of growing up. By conquering some challenges, children develop resilience. Such normal stressors may include initiating a new activity or separation from parents during preschool hours. However, when the challenges in early childhood are intensified by important stressors happening outside their own lives, they may start to worry about the safety of themselves and their families. This may cause chronic stress, which interferes with their emotional, cognitive, and social development. In developing country contexts, it is especially hard to capture promptly the effects of stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic on childrens cognitive and socioemotional development. In this note, we draw on the literature on the effect of stress on brain development and examine data from a recent survey of households with young children carried out in four Latin American countries to offer suggestions for policy responses. We suggest that early childhood and education systems play a decisive role in assessing and addressing childrens mental health needs. In the absence of forceful policy responses on multiple fronts, the mental health outcomes may become lasting.
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Harris, Gregory, Brooke Hatchell, Davelin Woodard, and Dwayne Accardo. Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0010.

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Background/Purpose: Post-operative delirium leads to significant morbidity in elderly patients, yet there is no regimen to prevent POD. Opioid use in the elderly surgical population is of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. The purpose of this scoping review is to recognize that Dexmedetomidine mitigates cognitive dysfunction secondary to acute pain and the use of narcotic analgesia by decreasing the amount of norepinephrine (an excitatory neurotransmitter) released during times of stress. This mechanism of action also provides analgesia through decreased perception and modulation of pain. Methods: The authors developed eligibility criteria for inclusion of articles and performed a systematic search of several databases. Each of the authors initially selected five articles for inclusion in the scoping review. We created annotated literature tables for easy screening by co-authors. After reviewing the annotated literature table four articles were excluded, leaving 11 articles for inclusion in the scoping review. There were six level I meta-analysis/systematic reviews, four level II randomized clinical trials, and one level IV qualitative research article. Next, we created a data-charting form on Microsoft Word for extraction of data items and synthesis of results. Results: Two of the studies found no significant difference in POD between dexmedetomidine groups and control groups. The nine remaining studies noted decreases in the rate, duration, and risk of POD in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Multiple studies found secondary benefits in addition to decreased POD, such as a reduction of tachycardia, hypertension, stroke, hypoxemia, and narcotic use. One study, however, found that the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were increased among the elderly population. Implications for Nursing Practice: Surgery is a tremendous stressor in any age group, but especially the elderly population. It has been shown postoperative delirium occurs in 17-61% of major surgery procedures with 30-40% of the cases assumed to be preventable. Opioid administration in the elderly surgical population is one of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. With anesthesia practice already leaning towards opioid-free and opioid-limited anesthetic, the incorporation of dexmedetomidine could prove to be a valuable resource in both reducing opioid use and POD in the elderly surgical population. Although more research is needed, the current evidence is promising.
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