Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified'
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WALTON, JOHN K., and DAVID TIDSWELL. "‘Classified at random by veritable illiterates’: the taking of the Spanish census of 1920 in Guipúzcoa province." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005503.
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This article offers an approach through administrative and cultural history to the problems associated with gathering and processing data for the Spanish national census of 1920, and by implication for earlier Spanish censuses. It focuses on the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, making use of correspondence between the central statistical office in Madrid, the provincial jefe de estadística and the localities, and of reports on three problematic towns within the province. The issues that emerge regarding ‘undercounting’, the definition of administrative boundaries and the classification of demographic characteristics are set in the wider context of census-taking practices and problems elsewhere in Spain and in other cultures.
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DeVivo, Renée, Lauren Zajac, Asim Mian, Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Eric Steinberg, Michael L. Alosco, Jesse Mez, Robert Stern, and Ronald Killany. "Differentiating Between Healthy Control Participants and Those with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Volumetric MRI Data." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 08 (May 27, 2019): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771900047x.
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AbstractObjective:To determine whether volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and other cortical measures can differentiate between cognitively normal individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Method:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 46 cognitively normal subjects and 50 subjects with MCI as part of the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center research registry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used in this cross-sectional study. Cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal subfield volumes were generated from each subject’s MRI data using FreeSurfer v6.0. Nominal logistic regression models containing these variables were used to identify subjects as control or MCI.Results:A model containing regions of interest (superior temporal cortex, caudal anterior cingulate, pars opercularis, subiculum, precentral cortex, caudal middle frontal cortex, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars orbitalis, middle temporal cortex, insula, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, parasubiculum, paracentral lobule) fit the data best (R2= .7310, whole model test chi-square = 97.16,p< .0001).Conclusions:MRI data correctly classified most subjects using measures of selected medial temporal lobe structures in combination with those from other cortical areas, yielding an overall classification accuracy of 93.75%. These findings support the notion that, while volumes of medial temporal lobe regions differ between cognitively normal and MCI subjects, differences that can be used to distinguish between these two populations are present elsewhere in the brain.
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DORAMBARI, Diedon. "Instructional Humour and Cognitive Affective Learning with Multimedia (IHCALM)." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v6i1.282.
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While background music and interesting yet irrelevant to the topic adjuncts were found to harm learning (and were classified as seductive detail) in the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media model (CATLM), emotionally appealing shapes and color were found to foster learning (and were classified as multimedia with emotional design). However, although humour is used in education during class and has both psychological and physiological benefits, there is no published research about instructional humour (IH) in CATLM to date. The purpose of the current research was to clarify whether IH in CATLM fosters learning, or if it is yet another type of seductive detail. Total of 96 young undergraduate student participants were randomly assigned to watch a stimuli depicting 3D animations of brain cells either with IH (named as IHCALM) or without it (named as NH). All student data regarding mirth duration were measured with cameras, while how funny they found the stimuli, as well as their cognitive load, emotions, motivation, knowledge, and metacognition were all measured with Open Sesame. To test if the IHCALM harms learning, similarity between conditions was analyzed with both Bayesian Factor analysis and null hypothesis testing, which jointly reveal 3 outcomes. Outcome results show that IHCALM does not harms learning, due to being similar with the non-humorous condition. Implications of these findings for education are considered.
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Kumar, K. L. "Cognition and the Design of Products Large and Small." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 3, no. 2 (January 2003): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589503787383118.
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Innovative design of new products proceeds by way of cognitive processes of analysis, critical thinking, creativity, conceptualization, cognitive modeling, synthesis, prototyping, and evaluation. Design phases invariably consist of divergence, transformation, and convergence operations. Designing is a creative faculty of the mind, akin to the conceptual faculty of learning arts, sciences, and languages. The author dwells briefly on cognitive, graphical communication, morphological, philosophical, and psychological aspects of design, together with educational imperatives, and proposes that designing new products requires the same cognitive processes regardless of their size, shape, and complexity.The author has drawn upon his own experience of designing a variety of things and has quoted references to design of household artifacts, office equipment, and industrial products. Reference is made to the ‘Design and Technology’ subject being taught at junior and senior secondary schools in Botswana and elsewhere. Examples are also drawn from some recent world-class designs. These establish the belief that human design cognition is the same for all products, small or large.
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Lyon, Pamela. "Of what is “minimal cognition” the half-baked version?" Adaptive Behavior 28, no. 6 (September 6, 2019): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712319871360.
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“Minimal cognition” is used in certain sectors of the cognitive sciences to make a kind of ontological claim that may be unique in the biological sciences: that a function operating in organisms living today is not a fully fledged version of that function (the nature of which remains unspecified), but, rather, exhibits the minimal requirements for whatever it is, properly conceived. Evidence suggests that elsewhere in the life sciences, deployment of minimizing qualifiers relative to a biological function appears largely restricted to two scenarios: first, attenuated functioning and, second, evolution of the function, real or synthetic. The article argues that “minimal cognition” and “proto-cognitive” were introduced at the turn of this century by cognitive researchers seeking to learn directly from evolved behavior, ecology and physiology. A terminological straitjacket imposed on the central object of cognitive science at its beginning necessitated the move. An alternative terminology is proposed, based on a phyletically neutral definition of cognition as a biological function; a candidate mechanism is explored; and a bacterial example presented. On this story, cognition is like respiration: ubiquitously present, from unicellular life to blue whales and every form of life in between, and for similar reasons: staying alive requires it.
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Wang, Yingxu. "On the Mathematical Theories and Cognitive Foundations of Information." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 9, no. 3 (July 2015): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2015070103.
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A recent discovery in computer and software sciences is that information in general is a deterministic abstract quantity rather than a probability-based property of the nature. Information is a general form of abstract objects represented by symbolical, mathematical, communication, computing, and cognitive systems. Therefore, information science is one of the contemporary scientific disciplines collectively known as abstract sciences such as system, information, cybernetics, cognition, knowledge, and intelligence sciences. This paper presents the cognitive foundations, mathematical models, and formal properties of information towards an extended theory of information science. From this point of view, information is classified into the categories of classic, computational, and cognitive information in the contexts of communication, computation, and cognition, respectively. Based on the three generations of information theories, a coherent framework of contemporary information is introduced, which reveals the nature of information and the fundamental principles of information science and engineering.
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Masaki, Motofumi, and Akira Koizumi. "Demographic characteristics and their genetic implications in a small island." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 2 (April 1988): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017454.
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SummaryThe family registration records from a village population in a small island of Japan are used to assess the effect of demographic differentiation within a population on genetic measures. When the couples studied are classified by birth cohorts and origins, wives of the couples where one spouse came from elsewhere were older at marriage and had a shorter duration of marriage or registration than wives where both spouses were natives of the village. The mean number of offspring is statistically smaller in the former except for the latest cohort, due mainly to out-migration during the reproductive ages which also resulted in low rates of marriage among the offspring within the village. This leads to a small effective population size and an increased likelihood of genetic drift in the overall population.
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Gore, Felicity, Edmund C. Schwartz, and C. Daniel Salzman. "Manipulating neural activity in physiologically classified neurons: triumphs and challenges." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1677 (September 19, 2015): 20140216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0216.
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Understanding brain function requires knowing both how neural activity encodes information and how this activity generates appropriate responses. Electrophysiological, imaging and immediate early gene immunostaining studies have been instrumental in identifying and characterizing neurons that respond to different sensory stimuli, events and motor actions. Here we highlight approaches that have manipulated the activity of physiologically classified neurons to determine their role in the generation of behavioural responses. Previous experiments have often exploited the functional architecture observed in many cortical areas, where clusters of neurons share response properties. However, many brain structures do not exhibit such functional architecture. Instead, neurons with different response properties are anatomically intermingled. Emerging genetic approaches have enabled the identification and manipulation of neurons that respond to specific stimuli despite the lack of discernable anatomical organization. These approaches have advanced understanding of the circuits mediating sensory perception, learning and memory, and the generation of behavioural responses by providing causal evidence linking neural response properties to appropriate behavioural output. However, significant challenges remain for understanding cognitive processes that are probably mediated by neurons with more complex physiological response properties. Currently available strategies may prove inadequate for determining how activity in these neurons is causally related to cognitive behaviour.
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Hutchison, Chris, and Duska Rosenberg. "The Organization of Organizations: Issues for Next-Generation Office IT." Journal of Information Technology 9, no. 2 (June 1994): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629400900202.
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The emerging new breed of IS (group decision support systems and decision simulation, multimedia, next-generation knowledge-based systems, deductive databases and DBMSs, and such like, together with the evolving networking capabilities) will have a more significant impact on the way people work than have ‘conventional’ IT products. This will have implications for what one might call the ‘cognitive style’ of the user interaction. This paper describes further a view of the organization of organizations that has already been sketched briefly elsewhere (Hutchison & Rosenberg, 1993; Hutchison, 1994), and proposes a strategy for the formal modelling of cooperative group work.
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Bosco, Frank A. "Accumulating Knowledge in the Organizational Sciences." Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-090657.
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In some fields, research findings are rigorously curated in a common language and made available to enable future use and large-scale, robust insights. Organizational researchers have begun such efforts [e.g., metaBUS ( http://metabus.org/ )] but are far from the efficient, comprehensive curation seen in areas such as cognitive neuroscience or genetics. This review provides a sample of insights from research curation efforts in organizational research, psychology, and beyond—insights not possible by even large-scale, substantive meta-analyses. Efforts are classified as either science-of-science research or large-scale, substantive research. The various methods used for information extraction (e.g., from PDF files) and classification (e.g., using consensus ontologies) is reviewed. The review concludes with a series of recommendations for developing and leveraging the available corpus of organizational research to speed scientific progress.
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Sullivan, John E., Namkee G. Choi, Christian E. Vazquez, and Margaret A. Neaves. "Psychosocial Depression Interventions for Dialysis Patients, With Attention to Latinos: A Scoping Review." Research on Social Work Practice 29, no. 8 (January 25, 2019): 910–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731518820134.
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Purpose: Depression is a common and debilitating condition that often goes undetected and untreated among people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We conducted a scoping review to identify psychosocial depression interventions for adult dialysis patients and gaps in depression care, with particular attention to Latinos, a group disproportionately affected by ESRD in the United States. Methods: We searched electronic databases and grey literature sources for studies in English and Spanish. Results: We found 36 studies including cognitive behavioral, problem-solving, hope, psychoeducation, expressive writing, and physical activity interventions. Twelve studies (33%) were U.S.-based, while the rest were conducted elsewhere. U.S.-based studies involved mostly individual-format cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions carried out during dialysis. CBTs showed the most promising effect on depression in both randomized clinical and quasi-experimental studies. Among 22 randomized trials reviewed, 1 reported participants with Latino/Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions: More intervention research is needed for depression treatment with ESRD patients, especially Latinos.
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Pimenova, Marina. "The Concept of Cherry : Genesis of Cognitive Signs." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2022, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2022-6-4-285-291.
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The article describes the motivating signs in the structure of the cherry concept in the Russian linguoculture. The author defined the primary signs, determined their cultural relevance, illustrated them, and identified those that became cognitive. The research covered twelve etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, as well as the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The methods included etymological, descriptive, conceptual, and component analyses of dictionary definitions. The study revealed fifteen motivating signs of the cherry concept, which were classified as follows: 1) the plant and its components: branch, tree, (shrub) plant, small / round, mistletoe, fruits, rods, flowers, cherry; 2) color: crimson, brown, dark red; 3) substance: (glutinous) juice, bird glue; 4) qualitative state: sagging under its own weight. All the motivating signs have retained their relevance and assumed the status of cognitive (conceptual) ones, except for mistletoe and rods, which were not confirmed by the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The demand for primary signs proved the preservation of the prototypes underlying the word as the representative of the concept under study. Vegetative linguocultural concepts were also interconnected with the corresponding symbols.
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Guo, Hongwen, Mo Zhang, Paul Deane, and Randy E. Bennett. "Writing Process Differences in Subgroups Reflected in Keystroke Logs." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 44, no. 5 (June 17, 2019): 571–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1076998619856590.
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We used an unobtrusive approach, keystroke logging, to examine students’ cognitive states during essay writing. Based on data contained in the logs, we classified writing process data into three states: text production, long pause, and editing. We used semi-Markov processes to model the sequences of writing states and compared the state transition time and probability for demographic subgroups that were matched on writing proficiency. Results suggested that the subgroups employed different processes in essay writing.
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Lim, Hyun Joung, Mi Yeon Kim, Jung Won Shin, Kang Soo Lee, Jung Hae Youn, Bo Mi Park, Ji Hong Lee, and Hyun Sook Kim. "Impact of Current Alcohol Consumption on Cognitive Function in Patients with Self-Perceived Memory Decline: A Comparative Study of Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer-Type Dementia Groups." Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2022.1.4.
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Background: Alcohol consumption has been considered as a modifiable risk factor for dementia development and alcohol-related brain damage may further impair cognitive abilities in dementia patients. This study aimed to find out the differences in cognitive function according to current alcohol drinking in patients with self-perceived memory decline, including subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD).Methods: From May 2018 to December 2019, retrospective chart review was performed in patients who visited CHA Bundang Medical Center for cognitive decline. A two-way analysis of variance with interaction test were used to analyze the impact of alcohol consumption on cognitive function between groups.Results: A total of 147 patients was classified into three groups of SCD (n=30), MCI (n=53), and ATD (n=64), and each group was divided into two subgroups of alcohol users and alcohol non-users, according to the current status of alcohol consumption. Between SCD, MCI and ATD groups, scores of clock drawing test and Go/No-go test were significantly lower in current alcohol users of ATD groups compared to the SCD and MCI groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: These results suggest that current alcohol consumption has detrimental effects especially on the frontal/executive function in early ATD patients. Considering the association between frontal/executive function and ADL, our finding suggests that cessation of alcohol intake may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent ADL deterioration in patients with ATD.
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Zeki, S., O. R. Goodenough, and Oliver R. Goodenough. "Responsibility and punishment: whose mind? A response." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1451 (November 29, 2004): 1805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1548.
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Cognitive neuroscience is challenging the Anglo-American approach to criminal responsibility. Critiques, in this issue and elsewhere, are pointing out the deeply flawed psychological assumptions underlying the legal tests for mental incapacity. The critiques themselves, however, may be flawed in looking, as the tests do, at the psychology of the offender. Introducing the strategic structure of punishment into the analysis leads us to consider the psychology of the punisher as the critical locus of cognition informing the responsibility rules. Such an approach both helps to make sense of the counterfactual assumptions about offender psychology embodied in the law and provides a possible explanation for the human conviction of the existence of free will, at least in others.
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Metanmo, Salvatore, Farid Boumédiène, Pierre-Marie Preux, Robert Colebunders, Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo, Eric de Smet, Emmanuel Yangatimbi, Andrea S. Winkler, Pascal Mbelesso, and Daniel Ajzenberg. "First description of Nodding Syndrome in the Central African Republic." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e0009430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009430.
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Background The term Nodding Syndrome (NS) refers to an atypical and severe form of childhood epilepsy characterized by a repetitive head nodding (HN). The disease has been for a long time limited to East Africa, and the cause is still unknown. The objective of this study was to confirm the existence of NS cases in Central African Republic (CAR). Methodology/Principal findings This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in the general population. The identification of NS cases was conducted through a door-to-door survey in a village near Bangui along the Ubangui River. Based on Winkler’s 2008 and the World Health Organization (WHO)’s 2012 classifications, the confirmation of cases was done by a neurologist who also performed the electroencephalograms. No laboratory tests were done during this investigation. Treatment was offered to all patients. A total of 6,175 individuals was surveyed in 799 households. After reviewing the cases, we identified 5 NS cases in girls aged between 8 and 16. The age of onset of the seizures was between 5 and 12 years of age. Two cases were classified as "HN plus" according to Winkler’s 2008 classification. Four NS cases were classified as probable and one as confirmed according to the WHO’s 2012 classification. Three of them presented with developmental delay and cognitive decline, and one had an abnormally low height-for-age z-score. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were found in four patients. Conclusions/Significance Nodding Syndrome cases were described in CAR for the first time. Despite certain peculiarities, these cases are similar to those described elsewhere. Given that only a small part of the affected area was investigated, the study area along the Ubangui River needs to be expanded in order to investigate the association between Onchocerca volvulus and NS and also evaluate the real burden of NS in CAR.
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Rhee, Seongha, and Hyun Jung Koo. "Multifaceted gustation." Food and terminology 23, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 38–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.23.1.02rhe.
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Korean has a large number of taste terms and the paradigm is continuously expanding since the lexicalization operates systematically on a few robust principles. Based on the taste terms collected from lexicons, dictionaries, web-postings, and elsewhere, we classified the terms and analyzed the lexicalization patterns. In addition to the widely-known five classes of tastes, i.e., sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami, Korean has three more classes in the basic category, i.e., pungent, fishy and bland. A large number of tactile sensory words to describe the touch sensations in the mouth at the tasting event and expressions denoting characteristic food texture and mastication also join in creating a rich taste vocabulary. The Korean taste lexicalization system is equipped with the means to signal diverse aspects of gustatory sensation, i.e., intensity, depth, purity and duration. Among such means are vowel polarity, consonantal sound symbolism, reduplication and onomatopoeia. The systematicity of taste lexicalization contributes to the plasticity of the paradigm, making the Korean taste vocabulary one of the most productive and elaborate paradigms.
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Hande, Fidan, Mintaze Günel, Haliloğlu Göknur, Eda Gülen, Kiper Pelin, and Özlem Şimşek. "Evaluation of a girl with 16p13.11 microduplication syndrome according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health perspectives." Sanamed, no. 00 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sanamed0-40595.
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Objective: To present the functional status of a child with 16p13.11 microduplication syndrome by evaluating it under the International Classification of the World Health Organization's International Framework for Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Case Description: An 11-year-old girl with 16p13.11 microduplication syndrome was assessed using the tools classified according to ICF for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) categories to evaluate body function, activity participation, and environmental factors. There was a wide range of problems, from body functions to activity participation and environmental factors. Besides these problems, there were social and cognitive disorders as well. Conclusion: Physical and cognitive problems in body function and activity together constitute great barriers to participation in daily life.
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Novack, Miriam A., and Sandra Waxman. "Becoming human: human infants link language and cognition, but what about the other great apes?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1789 (November 18, 2019): 20180408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0408.
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Human language has no parallel elsewhere in the animal kingdom. It is unique not only for its structural complexity but also for its inextricable interface with core cognitive capacities such as object representation, object categorization and abstract rule learning. Here, we (i) review recent evidence documenting how (and how early) language interacts with these core cognitive capacities in the mind of the human infant, and (ii) consider whether this link exists in non-human great apes—our closest genealogical cousins. Research with human infants demonstrates that well before they begin to speak, infants have already forged a link between language and core cognitive capacities. Evident by just three months of age, this language–cognition link unfolds in a rich developmental cascade, with each advance providing the foundation for subsequent, more precise and more powerful links. This link supports our species' capacity to represent and convey abstract concepts and to communicate beyond the immediate here and now. By contrast, although the communication systems of great apes are sophisticated in their own right, there is no conclusive evidence that apes establish reference, convey information declaratively or pass down communicative devices via cultural transmission. Thus, the evidence currently available reinforces the uniqueness of human language and the power of its interface to cognition. This article is part of the theme issue ‘What can animal communication teach us about human language?’
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Bahr, Stephen J., Amber L. Masters, and Bryan M. Taylor. "What Works in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs for Offenders?" Prison Journal 92, no. 2 (March 21, 2012): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885512438836.
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The purpose of this article is to review current empirical research on the effectiveness of drug treatment programs, particularly those for prisoners, parolees, and probationers. The authors reviewed empirical research published after the year 2000 that they classified as Level 3 or higher on the Maryland Scale. Participants in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), therapeutic communities, and drug courts had lower rates of drug use and crime than comparable individuals who did not receive treatment. Several different types of pharmacological treatments were associated with a reduced frequency of drug use. Those who received contingency management tended to use drugs less frequently, particularly if they also received cognitive-behavioral therapy. Finally, researchers reported that drug use and crime were lower among individuals whose treatment was followed by an aftercare program. Effective treatment programs tend to (a) focus on high-risk offenders, (b) provide strong inducements to receive treatment, (c) include several different types of interventions simultaneously, (d) provide intensive treatment, and (e) include an aftercare component.
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Toarba, Cristina, Simona Hogas, Adrian Covic, Manuela Padurariu, Alin Ciobica, Roxana Chirita, and Mariana Graur. "Establishing links between alcohol intake, cognitive functions and type 2 diabetes." Archives of Biological Sciences 66, no. 2 (2014): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1402811t.
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In the present report, we studied the associations that might exist between alcohol consumption, cognitive functions and diabetic pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The alcohol intake of 219 patients diagnosed with diabetes was classified into 6 groups: nondrinkers, 0.1-9.9, 10.0-14.9, 15.0-29.9, 30.0-49.9 and ? 50.0, according to the total amount (grams/day) of alcohol consumption. Our results mainly confirm that moderate alcohol consumption can reduce some of the neuropathological aspects of T2D, as demonstrated by the decrease in glycemic levels in patients that consumed higher levels of alcohol (30.0-49.9 g/day), when compared to non-drinkers (p=0.04) or groups in which individuals consumed 0.1-9.9 g/day (p=0.01) and 10.0-14.9 g/day (p=0.02). Regarding the results of cognitive testing, we noticed a significant increase in the values of the MMSE score a lower dose of alcohol intake (0.1-9.9 g/day) was compared with higher doses: 30.0-49.9 g/day (p=0.008) and ? 50.0 g/day (p=0.047).
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Noroozi, Omid, Héctor J. Pijeira-Díaz, Marta Sobocinski, Muhterem Dindar, Sanna Järvelä, and Paul A. Kirschner. "Multimodal data indicators for capturing cognitive, motivational, and emotional learning processes: A systematic literature review." Education and Information Technologies 25, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 5499–547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10229-w.
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Abstract This systematic review on data modalities synthesises the research findings in terms of how to optimally use and combine such modalities when investigating cognitive, motivational, and emotional learning processes. ERIC, WoS, and ScienceDirect databases were searched with specific keywords and inclusion criteria for research on data modalities, resulting in 207 relevant publications. We provide findings in terms of target journal, country, subject, participant characteristics, educational level, foci, type of data modality, research method, type of learning, learning setting, and modalities used to study the different foci. In total, 18 data modalities were classified. For the 207 multimodal publications, 721 occurrences of modalities were observed. The most popular modality was interview followed by survey and observation. The least common modalities were heart rate variability, facial expression recognition, and screen recording. From the 207 publications, 98 focused exclusively on the cognitive aspects of learning, followed by 27 publications that only focused on motivation, while only five publications exclusively focused on emotional aspects. Only 10 publications focused on a combination of cognitive, motivational, and emotional aspects of learning. Our results plea for the increased use of objective measures, highlight the need for triangulation of objective and subjective data, and demand for more research on combining various aspects of learning. Further, rather than researching cognitive, motivational, and emotional aspects of learning separately, we encourage scholars to tap into multiple learning processes with multimodal data to derive a more comprehensive view on the phenomenon of learning.
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CHAN, Arianis, Dadan SURYADIPURA, Nenden KOSTINI, and Asep MIFTAHUDDIN. "AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF COGNITIVE IMAGE AND CITY BRAND EQUITY." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35214-660.
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This study aims to assess the effect of cognitive image and city brand equity on total city branding, evaluation of word-ofmouth (WOM), brand commitment and intention to revisit. The conceptual model used in the impact study of the impact of tangible and intangible elements related to city branding. Involving 423 tourists visiting four cities in West Java, Indonesia as an assessment of the variables studied. The results showed that the conclusions on cognitive image, city brand equity and brand commitment were low. While the other categories are classified as good. These findings also reveal the analysis of the relationship between variables, including cognitive image variables that have a significant effect on city brand equity. Cognitive image is explained through the dimensions of quality experience, tourist attraction, infrastructure environment, and outdoor activities. Meanwhile, city brand equity is measured by brand awareness, brand loyalty, and brand value. Furthermore, the results also show that the variable city brand equity has a significant effect on the variable word-of-mouth (WOM), brand commitment, and the intention to revisit. The most significant influence exerted on brand commitment. These results indicate that the condition of city brand equity affects how wordof-mouth, brand commitment, intention to revisit. This study only discusses part of the tourism activities carried out in these four destinations, so to confirm these findings it is necessary to carry out further research on various destinations and events.
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Susilawati, Puspita Ratna, and Luisa Diana Handoyo. "Game-based learning: An alternatif learning model in covid-19 distance learning." Biosfer 15, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.25753.
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Distance learning as Covid-19 pandemic solution has student learning boredom as a negative impact. Game application can increase students' enthusiasm and motivation to learn in distance learning. The game-based learning (GBL) model is potentially applied to create a fun learning atmosphere and overcome learning boredom. This study aims to determine the effect of GBL implementation on cognitive learning outcomes and student responses in the biological interaction chapter in Covid-19 distance learning. This research wasexperimental research (one-group pretest-posttest design). The research sample was 25 students. This research used one treatment group without a control group. The test questions were used as cognitive learning outcomes instruments. The questionnaire was used as a student response instrument. Game application used were classified as mobile games, single-player games, role-playing game (RPG). GBL syntaxes were pre-experimentation, experimentation, reflection, activity, and discussion. The results showed that the implementation of GBL in the biological interaction chapter in Covid-19 distance learning affected students' cognitive learning outcomes. The effect of this model could improve students' cognitive learning outcomes with 28% students of low category N-gain while 72% students of medium and high.
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Park, Chan-Ho, Moon-Soo Park, and Ji-Un Cheon. "The Effect of 12-week Combine Exercise on Neurotrophic Factor and Cognitive Function in Elderly Women." World Society of Taekwondo Culture 13, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18789/jwstc.2022.36.141.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combine exercise on the neurotrophic factor and cognitive function of elderly women for 12 weeks. To this end, 29 persons elderly women aged 65 and over who participated in this study were classified in to the exercise group(n=15) and the control group(n=14), and then the exercise group was three times for 12-weeks, 60 min per session combined exercise was applied. As a result, first, BDNF was significantly increased after combined exercise in the exercise group than before exercise for 12 weeks(p<.01). Second, MMSE-K increased after combined exercise in the exercise group compared to before exercise for 12 weeks, but there was no significant difference. Thus, combined exercise had the positive effects in elderly women and may be helpful to increased neurotrophic factor and cognitive function.
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Kmetty, Zoltán, and Károly Bozsonyi. "Identifying Depression-Related Behavior on Facebook—An Experimental Study." Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030135.
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Depression is one of the major mental health problems in the world and the leading cause of disability worldwide. As people leave more and more digital traces in the online world, it becomes possible to detect depression-related behavior based on people’s online activities. We use a novel Facebook study to identify possible non-textual elements of depression-related behavior in a social media environment. This study focuses on the relationship between depression and the volume and composition of Facebook friendship networks and the volume and temporal variability of Facebook activities. We also tried to establish a link between depression and the interest categories of the participants. The significant predictors were partly different for cognitive-affective depression and somatic depression. Earlier studies found that depressed people have a smaller online social network. We found the same pattern in the case of cognitive-affective depression. We also found that they posted less in others’ timelines, but we did not find that they posted more in their own timeline. Our study was the first to use the Facebook ads interest data to predict depression. Those who were classified into the less interest category by Facebook had higher depression levels on both scales.
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Conesa, Francesc C., Hector A. Orengo, Agustín Lobo, and Cameron A. Petrie. "An Algorithm to Detect Endangered Cultural Heritage by Agricultural Expansion in Drylands at a Global Scale." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010053.
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This article presents AgriExp, a remote-based workflow for the rapid mapping and monitoring of archaeological and cultural heritage locations endangered by new agricultural expansion and encroachment. Our approach is powered by the cloud-computing data cataloguing and processing capabilities of Google Earth Engine and it uses all the available scenes from the Sentinel-2 image collection to map index-based multi-aggregate yearly vegetation changes. A user-defined index threshold maps the first per-pixel occurrence of an abrupt vegetation change and returns an updated and classified multi-temporal image aggregate in almost-real-time. The algorithm requires an input vector table such as data gazetteers or heritage inventories, and it performs buffer zonal statistics for each site to return a series of spatial indicators of potential site disturbance. It also returns time series charts for the evaluation and validation of the local to regional vegetation trends and the seasonal phenology. Additionally, we used multi-temporal MODIS, Sentinel-2 and high-resolution Planet imagery for further photo-interpretation of critically endangered sites. AgriExp was first tested in the arid region of the Cholistan Desert in eastern Pakistan. Here, hundreds of archaeological mound surfaces are threatened by the accelerated transformation of barren lands into new irrigated agricultural lands. We have provided the algorithm code with the article to ensure that AgriExp can be exported and implemented with little computational cost by academics and heritage practitioners alike to monitor critically endangered archaeological and cultural landscapes elsewhere.
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Mersin, Sevinç, Hülya Saray Kılıç, and Özlem İbrahimoğlu. "Learning outcomes of nursing curriculum in Turkey: a cross-sectional study." Frontiers of Nursing 7, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0011.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nursing curriculum and point out learning outcomes in Turkey.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used in this study. This study was conducted between May and June 2017 from 23 undergraduate nursing schools’ education programs for one education and academic year's curriculum. The public information of the universities collected from their web sites and learning outcomes of the schools were classified as cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains.ResultsIt appears that half of the basic nursing courses are in the psychomotor domain, and the majority of basic medical sciences courses are in the cognitive domain. Learning outcomes about the affective domain mostly take place in basic nursing courses.ConclusionsThe findings of the results of this study can provide insight into current nursing education and guide new curricula to be developed.
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Fernández-Silva, Sabela. "The cognitive and rhetorical role of term variation and its contribution to knowledge construction in research articles." Terminology 22, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.22.1.03fer.
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This study explored the behaviour and functions of term variation in research articles in order to better understand the process of knowledge construction within texts. A semantic analysis of term variation in 19 Spanish-language psychology research articles was carried out. Variants were classified according to the semantic distance from the base term. Analysis revealed that term variation provides information about the concept’s content and its relationships with other concepts within the conceptual structure. Furthermore, an examination of the distribution of term variants across text sections revealed three rhetorical functions of term variation: a naming function, present in the title, abstract and keyword sections; an explanatory function, in the introduction and discussion sections; and a particularizing function, in the method and results sections. This analysis confirmed that intratextual term variation plays a cognitive and rhetorical function in research articles, helping to construct and transfer knowledge within the text and to realize the communicative purposes of the genre.
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Schade, Christian D. "Free will in the clustered-minds multiverse, and some comments on S. Sarasvathy’s ‘choice matters’." Mind & Society 19, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-020-00241-5.
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AbstractThis paper sketches a new version of the multiverse interpretation of quantum mechanics, the clustered-minds multiverse, that has been presented in detail elsewhere (Schade 2018, Springer, New York). It briefly shows why it grants us with free will and reflects upon the (im-)possibilty of singular-universe explanations of free will (e.g., Laskey 2018, J Cogn Sci 19–2:125–163). It also critically comments upon S. Sarasvathy's 'choice matters,' one of the other contributions to this mini symposium.
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Yaz, Ömer Volkan, and Mehmet Altan Kurnaz. "Comparative Analysis of the Science Teaching Curricula in Turkey." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 215824401989943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899432.
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The purpose of this study is to comparatively investigate the science teaching curricula in Turkey, which have undergone changes four times since the millennium. For this purpose, we carried out a technical and taxonomic examination of the learning outcomes listed in the science curricula that were introduced in 2000, 2005, 2013, and 2017 concerning Revised Bloom Taxonomy (RBT). In this study, the document analysis method was used. We classified a total of 2,613 learning outcomes in our analyses, which were limited to those related to the cognitive domain. The reliability score of the classifications was .89 according to the equation proposed by Miles and Huberman. The analyses showed that the teaching curricula decreased the intensity of the focus on knowledge and cognitive skills rather than making fundamental changes. Moreover, there was significant parallelism among the examined curricula in terms of the dimensions of the taxonomy. Using national-level results in international exams such as PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) and TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), we concluded that Turkey had not been successful enough in developing the examined curricula.
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Drake, Jennifer E., and Ellen Winner. "Precocious realists: perceptual and cognitive characteristics associated with drawing talent in non-autistic children." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1522 (May 27, 2009): 1449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0295.
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A local processing bias in the block design task and in drawing strategy has been used to account for realistic drawing skill in individuals with autism. We investigated whether the same kind of local processing bias is seen in typically developing children with unusual skill in realistic graphic representation. Forty-three 5–11-year-olds who drew a still life completed a version of the block design task in both standard and segmented form, were tested for their memory for the block design items, and were given the Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test-II. Children were classified as gifted, moderately gifted or typical on the basis of the level of realism in their drawings. Similar to autistic individuals, the gifted group showed a local processing bias in the block design task. But unlike autistic individuals, the gifted group showed a global advantage in the visual memory task and did not use a local drawing strategy; in addition, their graphic realism skill was related to verbal IQ. Differences in the extent of local processing bias in autistic and typically developing children with drawing talent are discussed.
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Purba, Friska, Debora Suryani Sitinjak, and Kelly Sinaga. "Applying Science Process Skills in Understanding Chemical Equilibrium Through Experiment." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 10, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2021.v10.i2.pp78-86.
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Students from Teachers College coming from various regions causes variations in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor level. Some of them have a difficulty that leads to misconception in understanding the content in chemistry, particularly on chemical equilibrium. One of the ways to comprehend that content is by conducting experiments. This study aims to apply science process skills in understanding chemical equilibrium through the experiment method. This research also helps students in their experiments in which their ability is shaped to reach the level of application. Through experiment method, science process skill will develop and give a good response in giving action both in cognitive comprehension and ineffective as well as psychomotor level. The research method used is pre-experimental with a One-Group Pre-Post test Design. The result showed N-gain was 0.7, which classified high categories and science process skills showed good categories. The final result of this research was that students would be able to understand chemical equilibrium better by applying science process skills with an experiment.
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Kurniasih, Dwi, and Mudhiah Umamah. "The Romance of Rosululloh SAW. and Aisyah R.A. in Sayyidah Aisyah Istri Rasulullah Song Lyrics: Cognitive Linguistic Perspective." Research and Innovation in Language Learning 4, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/rill.v4i2.4342.
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In the beginning of April 2020 Aisyah Istri Rasulullah song which is a song from Malaysia became one of the videos that dominated trending lists on YouTube. More than 20 video covers of the song Aisyah Istri Rasulullah have controlled the YouTube page. This study aims to describe the metaphorical forms contained in the lyrics of the song Sayyidah Aisyah Istri Rasulullah by using cognitive semantics approach. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The research data are the lyrics of the song Sayyidah Aisyah Istri Rasulullah that are analyzed using a content analysis technique. The results show that the metaphors found in the lyrics of the song Sayyidah Aisyah Istri Rasulullah could be classified into three types, structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor. The applying of metaphors indicates several concepts of imagery scheme, such as identity (matching), circumstance (existence) of object, imagery space in of up-down, state of form in form, the existence bounded space for limited space. The use of metaphors in Sayyidah Aisyah Istri Rasulullah song lyrics aims to convey the contents with sorted words that are easy to understand. Since many people feel that they do not know several hadits about the romance of the romantic story of Rasulullah SAW with Aisyah RA, this song comes as the essence of several hadits that can provide knowledge to the audiences in a practical and concrete way
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Gregory, Richard L. "The Medawar Lecture 2001 Knowledge for vision: vision for knowledge." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1458 (June 29, 2005): 1231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1662.
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An evolutionary development of perception is suggested—from passive reception to active perception to explicit conception —earlier stages being largely retained and incorporated in later species. A key is innate and then individually learned knowledge, giving meaning to sensory signals. Inappropriate or misapplied knowledge produces rich cognitive phenomena of illusions, revealing normally hidden processes of vision, tentatively classified here in a ‘peeriodic table’. Phenomena of physiology are distinguished from phenomena of general rules and specific object knowledge. It is concluded that vision uses implicit knowledge, and provides knowledge for intelligent behaviour and for explicit conceptual understanding including science.
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ÜZÜMCÜ, Zeynep Büşra. "EXAMINATION OF MATHEMATICS QUESTIONS INCLUDED IN HIGH SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAM (LGS) ACCORDING TO THE REVISED BLOOM TAXONOMY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE MIDDLE SCHOOL MATHEMATICS COURSE CURRICULUM." IEDSR Association 7, no. 20 (July 22, 2022): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.575.
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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the mathematics questions asked in the High School Entrance Exam (LGS) and the 8th grade objectives of the Primary Education Mathematics Course Curriculum, and to reveal at which level cognitive processes are measured through these questions according to the revised Bloom taxonomy. Within the scope of the study, 20 mathematics questions in the 2021 LGS and 52 8th grade objectives based on the formation of these questions were analyzed by document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. The questions and achievements were classified independently by the researcher teacher and a field expert, and descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of the data. The data obtained showed that the 2021 LGS mathematics questions were operational and metacognitive according to the knowledge dimension of the revised Bloom taxonomy, while the 8th grade mathematics objectives based on the formation of these questions were factual, conceptual and operational. In addition, it was concluded that most of the 2021 LGS mathematics questions measured the cognitive processes in the application and analysis steps in the cognitive dimension of the revised Bloom taxonomy, while the 8th grade mathematics objectives focused on the understanding and application steps. It is recommended that the mathematics questions in the high school entrance exams and the mathematics course objectives should be reviewed according to the revised Bloom's taxonomy metacognitive dimensions
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Kim, Eunhye, and Youngmin Park. "A Study on the Recognitive Characteristics of High School Students with Excellent Reading Ability." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 595–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.1.595.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the cognitive, deterministic, and environmental characteristics of high school students with excellent reading comprehension skills, and to obtain information on improving reading comprehension.
Methods To that end, out of 16 high school students in Gangwon Province, 16 who had proven excellent reading comprehension were interviewed individually. The interview consisted of answers to a total of 28 questions classified into cognitive, deterministic, and environmental factors related to reading.
Results First, high school students with good reading skills were adept at using reading strategies and demonstrated superior achievement based on extensive vocabulary and background knowledge, but perceived reading categories somewhat restrictedly. Second, it was found that high school students with excellent reading ability had positively formed reading attitude, reading motivation, and reading efficacy, which are factors of reading justice, and that these showed a static correlation with reading ability. Third, it was found that the rich home literacy environment of high school students with excellent reading ability had a positive effect on the development of reading ability.
Conclusions Reading comprehension is comprehensively developed under the influence of cognitive, deterministic and environmental factors. In order to develop students with excellent reading comprehension, there should be a comprehensive approach to the development of defining elements and the improvement of the literacy environment, without being biased toward cognition.
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Smith, Carl, André Philips, and Martin Reichard. "Cognitive ability is heritable and predicts the success of an alternative mating tactic." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1809 (June 22, 2015): 20151046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1046.
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The ability to attract mates, acquire resources for reproduction, and successfully outcompete rivals for fertilizations may make demands on cognitive traits—the mechanisms by which an animal acquires, processes, stores and acts upon information from its environment. Consequently, cognitive traits potentially undergo sexual selection in some mating systems. We investigated the role of cognitive traits on the reproductive performance of male rose bitterling ( Rhodeus ocellatus ), a freshwater fish with a complex mating system and alternative mating tactics. We quantified the learning accuracy of males and females in a spatial learning task and scored them for learning accuracy. Males were subsequently allowed to play the roles of a guarder and a sneaker in competitive mating trials, with reproductive success measured using paternity analysis. We detected a significant interaction between male mating role and learning accuracy on reproductive success, with the best-performing males in maze trials showing greater reproductive success in a sneaker role than as a guarder. Using a cross-classified breeding design, learning accuracy was demonstrated to be heritable, with significant additive maternal and paternal effects. Our results imply that male cognitive traits may undergo intra-sexual selection.
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Ridgway, Jessica P., Jessica Schmitt, Ellen Almirol, Monique Millington, Erika Harding, and David Pitrak. "Electronic data sharing between public health department and clinical providers improves accuracy of HIV retention data." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S421—S422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1059.
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Abstract Background Retention in care is critical for treatment and prevention of HIV. Many HIV care clinics measure retention rate, but data are often incomplete for patients who are classified as lost to follow-up but may be actually in care elsewhere, moved, or died. The Data to Care (D2C) initiative supports data sharing between health departments and HIV providers to confirm patient care status and facilitate reengagement efforts for out of care HIV patients. Methods The University of Chicago Medicine (UCM) provided an electronic list to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) of adult HIV-positive patients whose retention status was not certain. Retention in care was defined as at least 2 visits >90 days apart within the prior 12 months. CDPH matched this list of patients with data from the Chicago electronic HIV surveillance database. Matches were based on patient name, including alternative spellings and phonetics, and birth date. CDPH also cross-checked patient names with the CDC’s national enhanced HIV-AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) database. CDPH provided UCM with patient current care status, i.e., patient was in care elsewhere (as verified by lab data), moved out of state, or deceased. Results 780 HIV-positive patients received care in the UCM adult HIV clinic from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2017. Of these, 360 were retained in care as of March 2017. We shared data with CDPH for 492 patients. Of these, 294 (59.8%) were matched, and 168 (34.1%) had a date of last medical care provided. See Table 1 for patient dispositions, before and after data sharing. 24 (13.4%) of patients believed to be lost to follow up according to UCM records were confirmed either transferred care or deceased according to health department data. Conclusion Data sharing between the health department and HIV providers can improve data accuracy regarding retention in care among people living with HIV. Disclosures J. P. Ridgway, Gilead FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient; D. Pitrak, Gilead Sciences FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient
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Rodríguez-Ferreiro, Javier, Mari Aguilera, and Rob Davies. "Semantic priming and schizotypal personality: reassessing the link between thought disorder and enhanced spreading of semantic activation." PeerJ 8 (July 30, 2020): e9511. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9511.
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The term schizotypy refers to a group of stable personality traits with attributes similar to symptoms of schizophrenia, usually classified in terms of positive, negative or cognitive disorganization symptoms. The observation of increased spreading of semantic activation in individuals with schizotypal traits has led to the hypothesis that thought disorder, one of the characteristics of cognitive disorganization, stems from semantic disturbances. Nevertheless, it is still not clear under which specific circumstances (i.e., automatic or controlled processing, direct or indirect semantic relation) schizotypy affects semantic priming or whether it does affect it at all. We conducted two semantic priming studies with volunteers varying in schizotypy, one with directly related prime-target pairs and another with indirectly related pairs. Our participants completed a lexical decision task with related and unrelated pairs presented at short (250 ms) and long (750 ms) stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Then, they responded to the brief versions of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences, both of which include measures of cognitive disorganization. Bayesian mixed-effects models indicated expected effects of SOA and semantic relatedness, as well as an interaction between relatedness and directness (greater priming effects for directly related pairs). Even though our analyses demonstrated good sensitivity, we observed no influence of cognitive disorganization over semantic priming. Our study provides no compelling evidence that schizotypal symptoms, specifically those associated with the cognitive disorganization dimension, are rooted in an increased spreading of semantic activation in priming tasks.
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Roh, Hyunho, Seungwoo Choi, and Ansu Lee. "Analysis on Relationships Between Cluster Formations of Physical Activity Participation and Socio-Cognitive Factors in Elementary Higher Grade Students." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 22 (November 30, 2022): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.333.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to form a cluster according to the physical activity participation level of upper elementary school students, and to analyze the physical activity participation characteristics and social cognitive factors of the formed cluster.
Methods The subject of this study was to distribute and collect Self-written questionnaires to 525 higher grade students of 4 elementary schools in D city. As a measurement tool, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to measure the characteristics of participation in physical activity, and the socio-cognitive factor was a questionnaire developed by Saunders et al. was used to measure three factors: social influence, outcome expectation, and self-efficacy. For data analysis, two-step cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-test were performed.
Results First, three clusters(passive participation, non-participation, and active participation) were formed as a result of cluster analysis of the physical activity participation areas of higher grade elementary school students. There were statistically differences in work and study, leisure, and sedentary behavior. and Male students showed more participation in active group than female students. Second, socio-cognitive factors showed significant differences between groups in social influence(friend subfactor), outcome expectation(physical expectation), and self-efficacy(barrier overcome).
Conclusions The physical activity participation time of higher grade elementary school students can be classified into clusters, and that each cluster has a significant difference between the groups in participation time and socio-cognitive factors. This study is expected to contribute to suggesting the direction for change and development of customized programs for healthy physical activity of elementary school students.
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Bannister, Frank, and Dan Remenyi. "Acts of Faith: Instinct, Value and it Investment Decisions." Journal of Information Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2000): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839620001500305.
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Although well over 1000 journal articles, conference papers, books, technical notes and theses have been written on the subject of information technology (IT) evaluation, only a relatively small subset of this literature has been concerned with the core issues of what precisely is meant by the term ‘value’ and with the process of making (specifically) IT investment decisions. All too often, the problem and highly complex issue of value is either simplified, ignored or assumed away. Instead the focus of much of the research to date has been on evaluation methodologies and, within this literature, there are different strands of thought which can be classified as partisan, composite and meta approaches to evaluation. Research shows that a small number of partisan techniques are used by most decision makers with a minority using a single technique and a majority using a mixture of such techniques of whom a substantial minority use a formal composite approach. It is argued that, in mapping the set of evaluation methodologies on to what is termed the investment opportunity space, that there is a limit to what can be achieved by formal rational evaluation methods. This limit becomes evident when decision makers fall back on ‘gut feel’ and other non-formal/rigorous ways of making decisions. It is suggested that an understanding of these more complex processes and decision making, in IT as elsewhere, needs tools drawn from philosophy and psychology.
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Oviatt, Charles G., David B. Madsen, and Dave N. Schmitt. "Late Pleistocene and early Holocene rivers and wetlands in the Bonneville basin of western North America." Quaternary Research 60, no. 2 (September 2003): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00084-x.
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AbstractField investigations at Dugway Proving Ground in western Utah have produced new data on the chronology and human occupation of late Pleistocene and early Holocene lakes, rivers, and wetlands in the Lake Bonneville basin. We have classified paleo-river channels of these ages as “gravel channels” and “sand channels.” Gravel channels are straight to curved, digitate, and have abrupt bulbous ends. They are composed of fine gravel and coarse sand, and are topographically inverted (i.e., they stand higher than the surrounding mudflats). Sand channels are younger and sand filled, with well-developed meander-scroll morphology that is truncated by deflated mudflat surfaces. Gravel channels were formed by a river that originated as overflow from the Sevier basin along the Old River Bed during the late regressive phases of Lake Bonneville (after 12,500 and prior to 11,000 14C yr B.P.). Dated samples from sand channels and associated fluvial overbank and wetland deposits range in age from 11,000 to 8800 14C yr B.P., and are probably related to continued Sevier-basin overflow and to groundwater discharge. Paleoarchaic foragers occupied numerous sites on gravel-channel landforms and adjacent to sand channels in the extensive early Holocene wetland habitats. Reworking of tools and limited toolstone diversity is consistent with theoretical models suggesting Paleoarchaic foragers in the Old River Bed delta were less mobile than elsewhere in the Great Basin.
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Venyo, Anthony Kodzo-Grey. "Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 5, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/082.
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Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the prostate gland (SRCCP) an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumour of the prostate gland which is characterized by histopathology examination features of compression of the nucleus into the form of a crescent by a large cytoplasmic vacuole. SRCCPs that have so far been reported have been either (a) primary tumours, metastatic tumours with the primary tumour elsewhere with the gastro-intestinal tract being the site of the primary tumour but the primary tumour could originate elsewhere, and additionally some reported SRCCPs have been classified as carcinoma of unknown primary. SRCCP could be a pure tumour or a tumour that is contemporaneously associated with other types of tumour including various variants of adenocarcinoma. SRCCP can manifest in various ways including: Incidental finding following prostatectomy that has been undertaken for a presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, visible and non-visible haematuria, raised levels of serum PSA but some SRCCPs have been diagnosed with normal / low levels of serum PSA, there may be a history of dyspepsia in cases of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma in association with contemporaneous primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach or there may be a past history of surgical treatment for signet-ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in cases of upper gastrointestinal tract and rectal bleeding as well as change in bowel habit for primary tumours of the anorectal region, retention of urine, and rarely a rectal mass in the case of SRCCP with an anorectal primary tumour. In order to exclude a primary signet ring cell carcinoma elsewhere, a detailed past medical history is required as well as radiology imaging including contrast – enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) scan as well as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy to exclude a primary lesion within the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of SRCCP requires utilization of the histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination features of prostate biopsy, prostatic chips obtained from trans-urethral resection of prostate specimen or radical prostatectomy specimen. SRCCPs upon immunohistochemistry staining studies tend to show tumour that tend to exhibit positive staining for the following tumour markers as follows: PSA – positive staining for PSA has been variable in some studies, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, Ki-67 with a mean of 8%, PAS-diastase, Mucicarmine (50%), Alcian blue (60%), Alpha-methyl-acyl coenzyme A racemase (P504S), and Cytokeratin 5/6. SRCCPs also tend to exhibit negative staining for: Bcl2 (rare positive), and CEA (80%). Traditionally the treatment of Primary Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland has tended to be similar to the treatment of the traditional adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland which does include: hormonal treatment, radiotherapy, and surgery. Nevertheless, considering that primary SRCCPs and metastatic SRCCPs that have been reported in the literature have generally tended to be associated with an aggressive biological behaviour, even though there is no consensus opinion on the treatment of the disease it would be strongly recommended that these tumours that tend to be associated with rapid progress of the disease and poor survival there is an urgent need to treat all these tumours with aggressive surgery including radical prostatectomy plus adjuvant therapies including: radical radiotherapy, combination chemotherapy, selective prostatic angiography and super-selective embolization of the artery feeding the tumour including intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapy agents directly to the tumour, radiofrequency ablation of the tumour as well as irreversible electroporation of the tumour which should form part of a global multicentre study of various treatment options. With regard to metastatic signet-ring cell carcinomas of the prostate gland with a contemporaneous primary tumour elsewhere the primary tumour should also be treated by radical and complete excision of the primary tumour plus radical surgery and aggressive adjuvant therapy. Considering that SRCCPs have tendered not to respond well to available chemotherapy agents, there is need for urologists, oncologists, and pharmacotherapy research workers to identify new chemotherapy medicaments that would more effectively and safely destroy signet-ring cell tumours in order to improve upon the prognosis.
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Volanschi, Alexandra, and Natalie Kübler. "The impact of metaphorical framing on term creation in biology." Terminology 17, no. 2 (October 25, 2011): 198–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.17.2.02vol.
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The present paper is an in-depth study of the lexical units transferred by metaphorical extension from general English to the field of biology, based on the analysis of a 20 million word corpus of scientific articles. Terminological metaphors are analysed both as keys to cognitive processes involved in scientific activity and as linguistic units. We examine the role metaphors play in the evolution of the discipline, as well as the process by which they are introduced, reinforced by common usage, and ultimately lexicalized. The metaphorical term candidates extracted from the corpus are analysed as representing different stages in a diachronic process of lexicalization, or demetaphorising. They are classified according to the perceptual basis (similarity of shape, function or position) or to the ‘root’ conceptual metaphors on which they are built.
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Saeed, Muhammad Shaharyar, and Danish Ahmed Siddiqui. "Effect of Personal Characteristics on Social Accounting Initiatives: Evidence from Pakistan." Int'l Journal of Management Innovation Systems 6, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijmis.v6i1.19173.
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The research works with two separate but closely connected themes of individual employee behaviour and organisation-wide initiatives that are further broken down into two dimensions of Social Entrepreneurship Profile and Social Accounting (SA). This research study seeks to identify the social entrepreneurship profile that highlights the specific personal characteristics of employees working in an organisation; secondly, it attempts to understand how the broader initiatives that help today’s organisations become more socially responsible. Factors covered in Personal Characteristics included 1. Sociality, 2. Innovativeness, 3. Market-orientation, and 4. The ability of Identifying New Opportunities (INO). Social Accounting Initiatives included Internal Attitude (IA), and Subjective norms (SN), each is classified as1.Pragmatic, 2. Moral, and 3. Cognitive, as well as Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). For this purpose, A survey was conducted of 75 firms, and their decision-makers 306. were surveyed about their characteristics as well as the social accounting initiatives in their firms, usinga close-ended questionnaire. Total of306 decision-makers was surveyedabout four employees per organisation. Dataset was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modelling. The results suggested that innovativenessand INO seem to have a positive and significant impact on pragmatic and moralIA. As well as moral SN. Similarly, sociality and innovativeness positively affecting moral IA. Sociality also seems to be affecting moral IA, pragmatic SN, and PBC, however, it has a negative impact on cognitive SN. Market orientation also has a significant positive impact on cognitive IA and SN. Lastly, INO seems to affect Perceived Behavioural Control. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
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Kim, Hwa Rok, Bo Hyun Kim, Mi Kyung Park, and Hong Jae Lee. "Exploring the Latent Profile on Childcare Teachers’ Play Support Competence: Applying Latent Profile Analysis." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 18 (September 30, 2022): 413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.18.413.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives The purposes of this study are to explore latent profiles of childcare teachers with play support competence (PSC) and to describe each latent profile characteristic.
Methods The present study conducted a survey to a total of 338 childcare teachers who were working childcare center in metropolitan. We composed PSC of childcare teacher into cognitive, affective and practical competence, and analyzed latent profiles according to their PSC level. We analyzed latent profile, which is a person-centered approach, and based on the results, we categorized the PSC profile of childcare teachers and defined their characteristics.
Results The results revealed that we classified five PSC profiles: the ‘lowest PSC profile’, which had very low levels of cognitive, affective, and practical competence related to play support, was 4.14% of all childcare teachers, the ‘low PSC profile’, which had relatively low cognitive, affective, and practical competence levels, was 19.23% of all, the ‘medium PSC profile’, which had average level of each competence, was 37.28% of all, the ‘high PSC profile’, which had relatively high level of each competence, was 22.78% of all, and the ‘highest PSC profile, which had very high level of each competence, was 16.57% of all.
Conclusions Based on the results, this study suggests that there are various groups according to the level of PSC within the childcare teacher group, rather than considering the childcare teacher as the ‘cohort group’ in relation to PSC. We also suggest that customized approach considering the profile characteristics related to PSC is required.
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Nakamura, Misa, Masakazu Imaoka, Hiroshi Hashizume, Fumie Tazaki, Mitsumasa Hida, Hidetoshi Nakao, Tomoko Omizu, Hideki Kanemoto, and Masatoshi Takeda. "The beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive function in community-dwelling older persons with locomotive syndrome." PeerJ 9 (October 15, 2021): e12292. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12292.
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Background Cognitive decline is closely related to motor decline. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as a state associated with a high risk of requiring support because of locomotive organ disorders, and can be evaluated using a questionnaire. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of daily goal-targeted exercise on cognitive function in two different populations classified by scores on the Locomo 25 questionnaire. Methods Seventy community-dwelling older people who participated in a 13-week health class were divided into two populations based on Locomo 25 scores: <7 (non-LS) and ≥7 (LS). Participants were presented with a daily target steps and worked towards that goal. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Average daily physical activity (exercise [Ex]) for 13 weeks was measured using a portable activity meter. Depression status was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results No significant differences were observed in age, years of education, body mass index, smooth muscle mass index, GDS-15 scores, or ACE-R scores between the non-LS and LS populations. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Ex (odds ratio = 5.01, p = 0.002) for 13 weeks was significantly associated with increased cognitive function in the LS population. The Ex threshold for the increase in cognitive function based on receiver operating curve analysis was 2.29 metabolic equivalents of task (METs) × h (METs · h/day) (p = 0.047) in the LS population. After 13 weeks, ACE-R scores were significantly higher in the Ex ≥ 2.29 than in the Ex < 2.29 METs · h/day group (p = 0.024, ηp2 = 0.241) in the LS population based on two-way analysis of covariance. Furthermore, a significant increase in the ACE-R memory domain was seen in the Ex ≥ 2.29 group (p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.213). Conclusions These results suggest that Ex ≥ 2.29 METs · h/day is important for improving cognitive function in LS populations.
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Bolognesi, Marianna, and Francesca Strik Lievers. "How language and image construct synaesthetic metaphors in print advertising." Visual Communication 19, no. 4 (July 5, 2018): 431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357218782001.
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Research in (multi-)sensory marketing suggests that engaging consumers’ senses is an efficient way to create effective advertisements. In this study, the authors explore how sensory cues are used in print advertising. In particular, they identify and describe print advertisements featuring instances of synaesthesia, that is, a metaphor by which properties of a given sensory modality are attributed to a concept that relates primarily to a different sensory modality. They propose that these advertisements can be classified based on the role played by the image and the text, as well as based on the way visual and linguistic elements interact. They also outline how their contribution can set theoretical groundwork for the design of new empirical research questions in cognitive sciences and marketing studies.
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Cotič, Nastja, Janja Plazar, Andreja Istenič Starčič, and Darjo Zuljan. "THE EFFECT OF OUTDOOR LESSONS IN NATURAL SCIENCES ON STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE, THROUGH TABLETS AND EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING." Journal of Baltic Science Education 19, no. 5 (October 15, 2020): 747–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/20.19.747.
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Experiential learning was introduced to support a child’s concept development towards evolution scientific literacy. This study examined the effect of an experiential learning model (The Mobile Natural Science Learning - MNSL) on the knowledge of 4th grade primary school students in Slovenia, during natural science school lessons at the seashore through the use of tablets. Mobile technology provides authentic learning, assisting outdoor lessons providing material and environmental context in learning, which support the experience of a learner. In the experimental group (N = 95), outdoor learning in the seashore included Kolb’s experiential learning cycle with the integration of tablets. In the control group (N=97), the teachers used concrete experience for exploring the seashore, excluding the Kolb’s cycle. The data were collected by using two science knowledge pre and post – tests. The test items were classified into three TIMSS’ cognitive domains: 1) factual knowledge, 2) conceptual understanding, and 3) reasoning and analysis. Differences between groups were analysed through Mann-Whitney U-test and showed that the experimental group had better learning outcomes than the control group. Findings indicate that the MNSL-model had a positive effect on students’ achievement in science, more precisely in knowledge on marine organisms and life at the seashore. Keywords: Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, natural science, outdoor learning, seashore