Journal articles: 'Cognitive Planning'

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Audi, Robert. "Intention, cognitive commitment, and planning." Synthese 86, no. 3 (March 1991): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00485266.

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Shi, Xiaowei. "Cognitive Responses in Advice Planning." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 32, no. 3 (December 26, 2012): 311–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x12470112.

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Hanssen, Gro Sandkjaer, and Inger-Lise Saglie. "Cognitive Closure in Urban Planning." Planning Theory & Practice 11, no. 4 (December 2010): 499–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2010.525373.

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Fernandez Davila, Jorge Luis, Dominique Longin, Emiliano Lorini, and Frédéric Maris. "A Simple Framework for Cognitive Planning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 7 (May 18, 2021): 6331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i7.16786.

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We present a novel approach to cognitive planning, i.e., an agent's planning aimed at changing the cognitive attitudes of another agent including her beliefs and intentions. We encode the cognitive planning problem in an epistemic logic with a semantics exploiting belief bases. We study a NP-fragment of the logic whose satisfiability problem is reduced to SAT. We provide complexity results for the cognitive planning problem. Moreover, we illustrate its potential for applications in human-machine interaction in which an artificial agent is expected to interact with a human agent through dialogue and to persuade the human to behave in a certain way.

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Chown, Eric, Lashon B. Booker, and Stephen Kaplan. "Perception, action planning, and cognitive maps." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (October 2001): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01240102.

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Perceptual learning mechanisms derived from Hebb's theory of cell assemblies can generate prototypic representations capable of extending the representational power of TEC (Theory of Event Coding) event codes. The extended capability includes categorization that accommodates “family resemblances” and problem solving that uses cognitive maps.

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Butcher, Stephen. "Embodied cognitive geographies." Progress in Human Geography 36, no. 1 (July 13, 2011): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132511412997.

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Recent articles in this journal advocated a cognitive poststructuralism as progress for human geography. This research has two flaws. The first is in the epistemological differences between poststructuralism and cognitive semantics, the field from which the authors were informed on embodied cognition. The second problem arises from the contradictions a cognitive poststructuralism would have to other embodied geographies espousing non-representational theory (NRT). This article details and then resolves these two problems in several discussions and relevant examples involving cognitive semantics, embodied realism, embodiment. The product is a non-contradictory poststructural cognitive semantic perspective that provides a possible future path for NRT.

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Oettinger, A., J. H. Smith-Spark, F. D. Castillo, V. E. L. Monaghan, J. Fox, and D. W. Glasspool. "Supporting Medical Planning by Mitigating Cognitive Load." Methods of Information in Medicine 46, no. 06 (2007): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me0441.

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Summary Objectives : Developing a care plan for a patient is a complex task, requiring an understanding of interactions and dependencies between procedures and of their possible outcomes for an individual patient. Decision support for planning has broader requirements than are typically considered in medical informatics applications. We consider the appropriate design of software to assist medical planning. Methods : The likely cognitive loads imposed by planning tasks were assessed with a view to directly supporting these via software. Results : Five types of cognitive load are likely to be important. A planning support system, REACT, was designed to ameliorate these cognitive loads by providing targeted dynamic feedback during planning. An initial evaluation study in genetic counselling indicates that the approach is successful in that role. Conclusions : The approach provides the basis of a general aid for visualizing, customizing and evaluating care plans.

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Ulengin, F., and I. Topcu. "Cognitive Map: KBDSS Integration in Transportation Planning." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 11 (November 1997): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3010302.

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Ratwani, R., L. Lartigue, L. Chung, D. Pepple, K. Todd, J. Zanol, E. Freedy, and D. Horvath. "Improving Cognitive Effectiveness in Counterinsurgency Operational Planning." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 55, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181311551086.

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Biedenweg, Kelly, David Trimbach, Jackie Delie, and Bessie Schwarz. "Using cognitive mapping to understand conservation planning." Conservation Biology 34, no. 6 (November 27, 2020): 1364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13627.

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Liu, Daphne, and Lenhart Schubert. "Toward Self-Motivated, Cognitive, Continually Planning Agents." Computational Intelligence 31, no. 3 (January 21, 2014): 385–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coin.12029.

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Gupta, Saurabh, Varun Tolani, James Davidson, Sergey Levine, Rahul Sukthankar, and Jitendra Malik. "Cognitive Mapping and Planning for Visual Navigation." International Journal of Computer Vision 128, no. 5 (October 4, 2019): 1311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01236-7.

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Ülengin, F., and İ. Topçu. "Cognitive map: KBDSS integration in transportation planning." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 11 (November 1997): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600444.

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Ülengin, F., and İ. Topçu. "Cognitive map: KBDSS integration in transportation planning." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 11 (1997): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jors.2600444.

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Schölkopf, Bernhard, and Hanspeter A. Mallot. "View-Based Cognitive Mapping and Path Planning." Adaptive Behavior 3, no. 3 (January 1995): 311–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105971239500300303.

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Reitter, David, and Christian Lebiere. "A cognitive model of spatial path-planning." Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory 16, no. 3 (September 2010): 220–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10588-010-9073-3.

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Alterman, Richard. "Adaptive Planning." Cognitive Science 12, no. 3 (July 1988): 393–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1203_3.

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Erickson, Claire, Nate Chin, Erin Jonaitis, Fred Ketchum, Carey Gleason, and Lindsay Clark. "Predictors of positive or negative reactions to learning Alzheimer’s biomarker results." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3426.

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Abstract With improved detection of Alzheimer’s disease and biomarker accessibility, more adults with no or mild symptoms may learn their AD biomarker results. Yet, potential psychosocial impact of learning AD biomarkers is not well understood. In a phone survey, we assessed potential reactions after learning about a hypothetical positive AD biomarker result. Data were collected from cognitively healthy participants (n=334, mean age=64.8±7.7) enrolled in longitudinal AD studies. Exploratory factor analysis identified five latent factors following a hypothetical positive biomarker result: advanced care planning, lifestyle changes to reduce dementia risk factors, psychological distress, subjective cognitive complaints, and stigma. Using linear regression, we found that predictors of potential pessimistic reactions (distress, cognitive complaints, stigma) included higher trust in research (Distress:b:0.04, p:0.04), no dementia family history (Stigma:b:-0.30,p:0.04), poorer memory self-rating (Cognitive complaints:b:-0.19,p:0.02), and Black racial identity (Cognitive complaints:b:0.30,p:0.02, Stigma:b:0.40,p:0.003). Predictors of potential optimistic reactions (advanced care planning, lifestyle changes) included more trust in research (Planning:b:0.07,p<0.0001) and Black racial identity (Planning:b:0.38,p:0.003), as well as younger age (Lifestyle:b:-0.02,p:0.02) and belief in AD controllability (Planning:b:0.22,p:0.003, Lifestyle:b:0.23,p:0.002). Concern about developing AD was associated with increased likelihood of all potential reactions. While AD concern associates with optimistic and pessimistic potential reactions, specific factors of family history, racial identity, trust, belief in AD controllability, and memory rating differentially predict each of the potential outcomes of learning AD biomarker results. These findings may help target education efforts to prepare and reduce risk of negative reactions for cognitively healthy adults who learn their AD biomarker results.

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Klarkowski, Madison, Mickaël Causse, Alban Duprès, Natalia del Campo, Kellie Vella, and Daniel Johnson. "Using fNIRS to Assess Cognitive Activity During Gameplay." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CHI PLAY (October 25, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3549519.

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This work explores the use of functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess cognitive activity during videogame play, and compare it to cognitive activity during cognitive tasks that assess executive control. To this end, we assessed haemodynamic response to videogame and cognitive tasks in the prefrontal cortex, each manipulated on a spectrum of difficulty. In our study (n = 37), we find that mental effort expended during videogame play did not differ from mental effort expended during cognitive tasks---and speculate that regional cognitive activity during gameplay is indicative of functions pertaining to memory encoding and retrieval, planning, and sustainment of attention. Our findings suggest the utility of fNIRS as a means to understand challenge as part of the player experience, and contest the popular conception of videogame play as cognitively undemanding entertainment. Further, we were successful in distinguishing between difficulty levels in the gameplay tasks, situating fNIRS as broadly useful for granular assessment of gameplay difficulty. As such, we contend that fNIRS is an effective and useful tool for generating high-resolution insights regarding cognition (and particularly the experience of difficulty) during gameplay.

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Shi, Dan, and Lixin Song. "Research on the Application of Deep Learning Technology Oriented to the Construction and Innovation of Smart City Image Cognition." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (January 5, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9809495.

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City image is the observer’s subjective impression of the city image. It is an important content of urban geography and planning research and has important guiding significance for shaping a unique urban space. Cognitive research on traditional urban imagery is mainly by means of questionnaires and image sketches. It has problems such as high cost, low update frequency, and limited data coverage, which cannot meet the needs of quantitative research on smart cities and urban economic development in the information age. With the advent of the era of big data and the development of Internet technology, there are more and more quantitative research results on smart city image cognition with the help of big data and deep learning technology. It will be a feasible way to apply it to urban image research. This article combines the development and transformation of smart cities with the transformation of urban planning and leads to an innovation in the construction of urban image cognition based on urban image, active representation data as the data source, and deep learning as the core technology. The theoretical connotation and cognitive dimension of urban imagery are expanded to establish a cognitive model of urban imagery. The city image is cognitively analyzed from three dimensions: image structure, image type, and image evaluation. Specific cities are taken as examples to verify the applicability and scientificity of the cognitive methods and models, so as to enhance the practicality and applicability of urban imagery in urban planning. At the same time, this research is used to answer the development dilemma of big data, summarize the development trend of big data, and explore the new changes that artificial intelligence brings to urban planning. The experimental results show that the model we designed efficiently evaluates the image of the city and can also effectively recognize the image of the city in the main urban area of Chongqing.

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Volz, Katherine M., and Michael C. Dorneich. "Evaluation of Cognitive Skill Degradation in Flight Planning." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 14, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343420962897.

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This work aimed to identify cognitive skills associated with flight planning, suggest which skills might be susceptible to skill degradation, and investigate the effects of cognitive skill degradation over time. Information automation systems offload cognitive tasks to reduce workload and error. However, the same phenomena seen with physical skill degradation in highly automated aircrafts may also occur when automating cognitive tasks. Two studies were conducted. An applied cognitive task analysis identified cognitive skills in flight planning. An empirical evaluation examined whether some of those skills were susceptible to cognitive skill degradation over time when using automation. Participants were placed into three groups. After conducting a flight planning task manually, groups differed in the next three practice trials: manual, alternating between manual and automation, or only with automation. Finally, all groups conducted the task manually again. Trials were separated by 2 weeks. The automation group showed the most performance degradation and highest workload, while the manual group showed the least performance degradation and least workload. Automation use did not provide the practice needed to mitigate cognitive skill degradation. Analysis of the impacts of information automation on cognitive performance is a first step in understanding the root causes of errors and developing mitigations.

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Rodewald, Katlehn, Daniel V. Holt, Mirjam Rentrop, Daniela Roesch-Ely, Michael Liebrenz, Joachim Funke, Matthias Weisbrod, and Stefan Kaiser. "Predictors for Improvement of Problem-Solving during Cognitive Remediation for Patients with Schizophrenia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 20, no. 4 (March 3, 2014): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617714000162.

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AbstractCognitive remediation is a promising pathway for ameliorating cognitive impairment of patients with schizophrenia. Here, we investigate predictors of improvement in problem-solving ability for two different types of cognitive remediation – specific problem-solving training and training of basic cognition. For this purpose we conducted a re-analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing these two training approaches. The main outcome measure was improvement in problem-solving performance. Correlational analyses were used to assess the contribution of clinical, cognitive and training-related predictors. In the problem-solving training group, impaired pre-training planning ability was associated with stronger improvement. In contrast, in the basic cognition training group antipsychotic medication dose emerged as a negative predictor. These results demonstrate that predictors for successful cognitive remediation depend on the specific intervention. Furthermore, our results suggest that at least in the planning domain patients with impaired performance benefit particularly from a specific intervention. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–6)

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SMITH, SHELLEY D., and COLLEEN A. MORRIS. "Planning studies of etiology." Applied Psycholinguistics 26, no. 1 (January 2005): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716405050083.

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Knowledge of the environmental and genetic etiologies of complex cognitive disorders can guide strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and therapy, but disentangling the various causes can be very challenging. Two basic approaches can be used in identifying genetic factors, a top-down approach, in which phenotypic descriptions are used to discover genes that influence those phenotypes, and a bottom-up approach, comparing the phenotypic effects of genes that are known to cause syndromes that include cognitive disabilities. Thorough characterization of phenotypes throughout development is critical to both of these methods. These strategies have been applied to the characterization of genetic etiologies for reading disability, language disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism.

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Hammond, Kristian J. "Case-Based Planning: A Framework for Planning from Experience." Cognitive Science 14, no. 3 (July 1990): 385–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1403_3.

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Almondes, Katie Moraes de, Maria Emanuela Matos Leonardo, and Ana Maria Souza Moreira. "Effects of a cognitive training program and sleep hygiene for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy elderly." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 11, no. 1 (March 2017): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-010011.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The aging process causes changes in the sleep-wake cycle and cognition, especially executive functions. Interventions are required to minimize the impact of the losses caused by the aging process. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a cognitive training program and psychoeducation on sleep hygiene techniques for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy elderly. Methods: The participants were 41 healthy elderly randomized into four groups ([CG] control group, cognitive training group [CTG], sleep hygiene group [SHG] and cognitive training and hygiene group [THG]). The study was conducted in three stages: 1st - assessment of cognition and sleep; 2nd - specific intervention for each group; 3rd - post-intervention assessment. Results: The results showed that the CTG had significant improvements in cognitive flexibility tasks, planning, verbal fluency and episodic memory, gains in sleep quality and decreased excessive daytime sleepiness. The SHG also had improved sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and significant improvements in insights, planning, attention and episodic memory. The THG had significant gains in cognitive flexibility, problem solving, verbal fluency, attention and episodic memory. Conclusion: Cognitive training and sleep hygiene interventions were useful strategies for improving cognitive performance and sleep quality of healthy elderly, but there was no evidence that sessions combining cognitive training and psychoeducation on sleep hygiene enhanced the gains provided by these interventions applied individually.

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Chunga, Richard, Jeffrey Stokes, and Beth Dugan. "Religiosity, Cognition, and Engagement in Advance Care Planning Among Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1353.

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Abstract Advance care planning (ACP) is an important process of discussion and documentation that may help older adults receive the end-of-life care they prefer. Although existing literature predominantly finds greater self-reported religiosity to decrease the rates of ACP, a clear consensus is not yet evident. Data from 3,182 adults aged 55 and older participating in the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study were used to investigate this association and examine the moderating role of cognition. Participants reporting at least one of two ACP behaviors (written instructions and assigning a health care proxy) were categorized as formal planning only, engaging in only informal discussions was categorized as informal planning, and those who completed both or none were categorized accordingly. Cognition was measured using self-reported memory change over the last two years and with objective cognitive testing scores. Using multinomial logistic regression, three forms of ACP behaviors were regressed on a religiosity/spirituality scale, the two cognition measures, and demographic and psychosocial covariates. Greater religiosity was associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in both plans compared to none (OR=0.91, 95%CI=0.84-0.97), however this effect was no longer significant with the inclusion of race. Higher cognitive scores were associated with greater odds of engaging in informal-only (OR=1.07, 95%CI=1.04-1.10) and both plans (OR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06); subjective memory change was not associated with ACP. Neither cognitive measure significantly moderated the negative association of religiosity on ACP, suggesting that the awareness of worsening memory does not undermine the tendency to avoid planning among the highly religious.

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Panov, A. I. "Goal Setting and Behavior Planning for Cognitive Agents." Scientific and Technical Information Processing 46, no. 6 (December 2019): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0147688219060066.

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Cicerone, Keith D. "Cognitive rehabilitation: learning from experience and planning ahead." NeuroRehabilitation 8, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-1997-8103.

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Meyfroodt, Kenn. "Strategic planning through a cognitive and behavioral lens." Bestuurskunde 31, no. 3 (October 2022): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/bk/092733872022031003007.

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Whyte, Stephen, Joanna Rego, Ho Fai Chan, Raymond J. Chan, Patsy Yates, and Uwe Dulleck. "Cognitive and behavioural bias in advance care planning." Palliative Care and Social Practice 16 (January 2022): 263235242210924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26323524221092458.

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Background: We explore cognitive and behavioural biases that influence individual’s willingness to engage advance care planning (ACP). Because contexts for the initiation of ACP discussions can be so different, our objective in this study was to identify specific groups, particular preferences or uniform behaviours, that may be prone to cognitive bias in the ACP decision process. Method: We collected data from the Australian general public ( n = 1253), as well as general practitioners (GPs) and nurses ( n = 117) including demographics, stated preference for ACP decision-making; six cognitive bias tests commonly used in Behavioural Economics; and a framing experiment in the context of ACP. Results: Compared to GPs ( M = 57.6 years, SD = 17.2) and the general public (58.1 years, SD = 14.56), nurses on average recommend ACP discussions with patients occur approximately 15 years earlier ( M = 42.9 years, SD = 23.1; p < 0.0001 in both cases). There is a positive correlation between the age of the general population and the preferred age for the initial ACP discussion ( ρ = 0.368, p < 0.001). Our shared decision-making analysis shows the mean share of doctor’s ACP input is viewed to be approximately 40% by the general public, significantly higher than health professionals (GPs and nurses), who believe doctors should only contribute approximately 20% input. The general public show varying relationships (all p < 0.05) for both first ACP discussion, and shared decision-making for five of six cognitive tests. However, for health professionals, only those who exhibit confirmation bias show differences (8.4% higher; p = 0.035) of patient’s input. Our framing experiment results show that positive versus negative framing can result in as much as 4.9–7.0% shift in preference for factors most relevant to ACP uptake. Conclusion: Understanding how GPs, nurses and patients perceive, engage and choose to communicate ACP and how specific groups, particular preferences or uniform behaviours, may be prone to cognitive bias in the decision process is of critical importance for increasing future uptake and efficient future healthcare provision.

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Ots, Nele. "Cognitive constraints on advance planning of sentence intonation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): e0259343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259343.

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Pitch peaks tend to be higher at the beginning of longer than shorter sentences (e.g., ‘A farmer is pulling donkeys’ vs ‘A farmer is pulling a donkey and goat’), whereas pitch valleys at the ends of sentences are rather constant for a given speaker. These data seem to imply that speakers avoid dropping their voice pitch too low by planning the height of sentence-initial pitch peaks prior to speaking. However, the length effect on sentence-initial pitch peaks appears to vary across different types of sentences, speakers and languages. Therefore, the notion that speakers plan sentence intonation in advance due to the limitations in low voice pitch leaves part of the data unexplained. Consequently, this study suggests a complementary cognitive account of length-dependent pitch scaling. In particular, it proposes that the sentence-initial pitch raise in long sentences is related to high demands on mental resources during the early stages of sentence planning. To tap into the cognitive underpinnings of planning sentence intonation, this study adopts the methodology of recording eye movements during a picture description task, as the eye movements are the established approximation of the real-time planning processes. Measures of voice pitch (Fundamental Frequency) and incrementality (eye movements) are used to examine the relationship between (verbal) working memory (WM), incrementality of sentence planning and the height of sentence-initial pitch peaks.

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Grafman, J., I. Litvan, S. Massaquoi, M. Stewart, A. Sirigu, and M. Hallett. "Cognitive planning deficit in patients with cerebellar atrophy." Neurology 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.42.8.1493.

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Hughes, Skye. "Planning-in-Action. Cognitive Phenomenon or Social Accomplishment?" Réseaux 8, no. 2 (1990): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reso.1990.3559.

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Schwartz, Myrna F. "The cognitive neuropsychology of everyday action and planning." Cognitive Neuropsychology 23, no. 1 (February 2006): 202–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643290500202623.

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Cicerone, K. "Cognitive rehabilitation: learning from experience and planning ahead." Neurorehabilitation 8, no. 1 (January 1997): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8135(96)00204-1.

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Zou, Qiang, Ming Cong, Dong Liu, and Yu Du. "Robotic Path Planning Based on Episodic-cognitive Map." International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 17, no. 5 (May 2019): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12555-018-0141-7.

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Kalyta, Alla, and Оleksandr Klymenyuk. "SYNERGISM AND SUPERVENIENCE IN COGNITIVE PROCESSES." RESEARCH TRENDS IN MODERN LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE 3 (December 15, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2617-6696.2020.3.17.27.

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The paper presents the results of the authors’ original philosophical and linguistic consideration of the links between synergism and supervenience during cognitive processes of the human’s speakingand-thinking activities. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of linguistic phenomena, the authors describe the influence of a multifactorial nature of cause-and-effect relationships on psycho-energetic features of the cognition mechanism functioning. On the basis of previously stated postulates, the authors have formed a systemic cybernetic model of the structure and complex interaction of causing factors that affect the self-development of cognitive processes in the human’s psyche. The paper outlines the specificity of cognitive processes taking place in the four spheres (existential, mental, transcendental, consciousness) of the individual’s spiritual being as well as reveals the essence of methodological potential of the cybernetic model proposed by the authors as a universal interdisciplinary tool for planning and carrying out lingua-cognitive research. Practicalrecommendations are given for the system planning of a new topic of interdisciplinary lingual-andenergetic research of the features of cognitive processes of speaking-and-thinking self-development, materialized in the person’s speech and communicative behavior.

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Naglieri, Jack A., and Suzanne H. Gottling. "A Study of Planning and Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities." Psychological Reports 76, no. 3_suppl (June 1995): 1343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3c.1343.

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The purpose of this study was to extend research in training the use of cognitive strategies or planning to mathematical computation for 4 students with specific learning disabilities. A cognitive education method utilized in previous research was duplicated. It was expected that students would find the instruction differentially effective based upon their initial scores on a measure of planning. Using the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive model as a base, a cognitive instruction which facilitated planning was provided to two students with low scores on planning, obtained using an experimental version of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System, and two students with average planning scores. All students completed three sessions of baseline and seven sessions of cognitive instruction in addition and multiplication. During the cognitive instruction phase, 5-min. sessions of self-reflection and verbalization of strategies about the mathematics problems were conducted after each initial 10-min. session of mathematics. Scores on addition problems showed that all students improved. On multiplication, however, 2 students with low planning scores improved considerably but not 2 with higher planning scores. Implications are provided.

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Hayashi, Takuo. "A metacognitive model of conversational planning." Pragmatics and Cognition 7, no. 1 (1999): 93–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.7.1.06hay.

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The present study discusses the mechanism and formalism of conversational planning. It is argued that the planner engages in a variety of metacognition as s/he perceives, interprets, evaluates, and produces cognitive actions that require careful attention and analysis. Following Flavell's (1981) model of cognitive monitoring, a metacognitive model of conversational planning is proposed. The model consists of several cognitive and metacognitive components that are grouped into three categories: Causal Knowledge, Working Knowledge, and Conscious Experiences. Next, to elaborate the metacognitive components of the model, several examples of metacognitive variables in problem-solving situations are proposed. Then, focusing on these variables, the proposed model of conversational planning is illustrated using natural data taken from a clinical supervision session. In the last section, the relevance of the present study to pragmatics is briefly discussed with respect to mental operations involved in interpretation.

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Solodov, A. A., and V. M. Trembach. "Development and use of a cognitive system model for solving problems of purposeful behavior." Statistics and Economics 16, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2019-6-77-86.

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The aim of the study is to formulate a formal definition of the cognitive system on the basis of a simplified representation of human cognitive activity and on this basis to develop methods for engineering design of the cognitive system model. The process of cognition is modeled as the interaction of several structures of the human personality. The main structures that directly implement the process of cognition are the subconscious mind and the consciousness interacting with it. Using the technique of engineering design of the cognitive model, the architecture of the intellectual system using the cognitive planning mechanism of control actions is developed. An agent-oriented approach was chosen to implement the cognitive mechanism of control actions formation. The algorithm of formation of purposeful behavior adaptation plans of intellectual system is investigated. The knowledge base of the intelligent system is built with the adaptation of purposeful behavior.The method of research is the application of the principles of the theory of dynamic automatic control systems to the simplified processes of cognition and the synthesis of algorithms and technical devices on this basis. The development of an intelligent system of purposeful behavior was conducted on the basis of an agent- oriented approach. To describe the mechanism of purposeful behavior, an integrated approach to knowledge representation is used, combining the advantages of logical and network methods. The main results of the work are the development of a formal definition of a cognitive system in the form of an automatic control system in the state space. The subconscious is modeled by the space of states of the cognitive system, formed as a result of interaction with the outside world. The process of cognition is presented in the form of evaluation by consciousness of the elements of the space of states, which is called the space of evaluations. Interaction with the outside world is modeled both in the form of management of the outside world, and in the form of its informing. On the basis of these representations the structure of the intellectual system realizing the cognitive mechanism of planning of control actions is developed. The architecture of multi-agent system of control actions formation for purposeful behavior is presented. The knowledge base for the formation of adaptation plans of purposeful behavior of the intellectual system is developed.For the key procedures of the cognitive system functioning, the concepts of optimal estimates of state vectors and optimal control process are introduced, which allow to synthesize the best in a certain sense algorithms and technical devices. The use of this technique allowed developing a structure of an intelligent system that implements cognitive mechanism for the planning of control actions; the multi-agent system architecture of formation control actions for goal-directed behavior; knowledge base of intellectual system for planning control actions. The intelligent system was developed using multi-agent technology. Subsystems were formed in the form of separate functional formations-multi-agent systems.

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Fu, Jia, Zhenyu Lu, and Feng Zhao. "Research on the Perception of University Students’ Urban Environment Based on Cognitive Maps——Take Jinan City as an Example." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 966, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/966/1/012014.

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Abstract This article takes the university students’ spatial cognition information of the city where the school is located as the research object, and takes time development as the cut-in angle. Through the classification study of the cognitive map, the analysis of the characteristics of the university students’ cognition of urban environment and the causes of their influence are found. In the process of transforming from the tourist perspective to the local perspective, the frequency of cognitive elements changes, that is, the cognitive characteristics from scattered to structural, and finally proposes urban environment development planning recommendations based on readability.

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Patané, Ivan, Lucilla Cardinali, Romeo Salemme, Francesco Pavani, Alessandro Farnè, and Claudio Brozzoli. "Action Planning Modulates Peripersonal Space." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 8 (August 2019): 1141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01349.

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Peripersonal space is a multisensory representation relying on the processing of tactile and visual stimuli presented on and close to different body parts. The most studied peripersonal space representation is perihand space (PHS), a highly plastic representation modulated following tool use and by the rapid approach of visual objects. Given these properties, PHS may serve different sensorimotor functions, including guidance of voluntary actions such as object grasping. Strong support for this hypothesis would derive from evidence that PHS plastic changes occur before the upcoming movement rather than after its initiation, yet to date, such evidence is scant. Here, we tested whether action-dependent modulation of PHS, behaviorally assessed via visuotactile perception, may occur before an overt movement as early as the action planning phase. To do so, we probed tactile and visuotactile perception at different time points before and during the grasping action. Results showed that visuotactile perception was more strongly affected during the planning phase (250 msec after vision of the target) than during a similarly static but earlier phase (50 msec after vision of the target). Visuotactile interaction was also enhanced at the onset of hand movement, and it further increased during subsequent phases of hand movement. Such a visuotactile interaction featured interference effects during all phases from action planning onward as well as a facilitation effect at the movement onset. These findings reveal that planning to grab an object strengthens the multisensory interaction of visual information from the target and somatosensory information from the hand. Such early updating of the visuotactile interaction reflects multisensory processes supporting motor planning of actions.

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Roper, Carrie, Rainer Coelln, Lisa Shulman, and Kristen Mordecai. "A-75 Effects of Rivastigmine on Neurocognitive Deficits in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.93.

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Abstract Objective Cognitive impairments are commonly seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, identification and tracking of cognitive deficits are not always part of treatment plans. Cholinergic treatment with rivastigmine has demonstrated beneficial effects on cognition and gait stability in PD-dementia, but less evidence exists in PD-mild cognitive impairment. We investigated the cognitive effects of rivastigmine treatment in a 3-month open-label pilot study. Method 31 participants with PD and mild–moderate cognitive impairment (24 male; mean age = 71.7; mean years-of-education = 17.2; mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score = 21.7) completed pre-testing in a single-site, non-randomized study at the University of Maryland Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center. A subset of 12 patients returned for follow-up after 12 weeks of rivastigmine treatment. A physical examination, the MoCA, and a computerized cognitive measure (NeuroTrax) were completed at each session. It was hypothesized that rivastigmine would benefit cognition, particularly executive functioning. Results Rivastigmine benefited global cognitive functioning as measured by both the MoCA (t(10) = −2.5, p < 0.05; M(Time 1) = 22.6(2.2), M(Time 2) = 24.9(3.9)) and NeuroTrax (t(11) = −3.0, p < 0.05; M(Time 1) = 88.7(13.6), M(Time 2) = 95.5(11.6)), though no domain-specific changes were evident. Relationships among the two measures were also examined. Moderate correlations were found between MoCA total scores and NeuroTrax measures including Global Cognitive Scale (r = 0.40, p < 0.05), Visuospatial Functioning (r = 0.39, p < 0.05), Executive Functioning (r = 0.50, p < 0.005), and Motor Response (speed/planning; r = 0.51, p < 0.005). Conclusions Although small sample size and practice effects must be considered, results suggest potential global cognitive benefit of rivastigmine for patients with PD experiencing mild–moderate cognitive deficits. Treatment planning for all PD patients should include periodic cognitive screenings and consideration of treatment options.

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WALCZAK, STEVEN. "PATTERN-BASED TACTICAL PLANNING." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 06, no. 05 (December 1992): 955–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001492000473.

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Our research demonstrates the utility of incorporating pattern recognition with machine learning in adversarial domains. We use induction to recognize cognitive behavioral patterns of an adversary and use those patterns for tactical planning in the adversarial domain. Results of our methodology for the application domain of chess are presented.

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Ávila, Rafaela T., Jonas J. de Paula, Maria A. Bicalho, Edgar N. Moraes, Rodrigo Nicolato, Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz, and Breno S. Diniz. "Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility Mediates Visuoconstructional Abilities in Older Adults with Heterogeneous Cognitive Ability." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 5 (May 2015): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771500034x.

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AbstractPrevious studies suggest that executive functions influence the performance on visuoconstructional tasks. This study aims to investigate whether the relationship between planning ability and the copy of complex figures is mediated by distinct components of executive functions (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility). We included a 129 older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (n=36, AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=67), and with no evidence of cognitive impairment (controls, n=26). We evaluated the mediation effect of planning abilities, working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control on visuoconstructional tasks using a multiple mediation models. We found a significant direct effect of planning on visuoconstructional abilities and a partial mediation effect of working memory and cognitive flexibility on visuoconstructional abilities. The present results indicate that the performance on visuoconstructional task is mediated by multiple interrelated executive functions components, in particular working memory and cognitive flexibility. (JINS, 2015, 21, 392–398)

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Mohnke, Margaux, Claudia Bach, and Daniela Roesch-Ely. "Proverb Comprehension Deficits in Patients with Schizophrenia." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x/a000243.

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Abstract. Patients suffering from schizophrenia typically show difficulty comprehending proverbs. This deficit has been linked to social and neurocognitive domains, such as theory of mind (TOM) and, more recently, working memory (WM). It is still unclear which cognitive deficits underlie proverb comprehension. We analyzed possible associations of proverb comprehension to neurocognitive and social cognitive dysfunctions in 64 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, by combining tests measuring executive functions (inhibition, cognitive flexibility, planning), WM (verbal and visuo-spatial), and social cognition (TOM). A hierarchical regression demonstrated that WM and executive dysfunction best predicted proverb comprehension, which in turn supports the conceptual integration model. Social cognition showed no additional predictive value. The ability to comprehend figurative language might depend more on neurocognitive than on social cognitive abilities.

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Marks, Timothy, Dorothy F. Edwards, Muhammad O. Al- heizan, and Gordon M. Giles. "CAN THE BRIEF INTERVIEW OF MENTAL STATUS (BIMS) IDENTIFY RISK FOR IMPAIRED IADLS DUE TO FUNCTIONAL COGNITIVE DEFICITS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1891.

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Abstract The Brief Interview of Mental Status (BIMS) was introduced to the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 as a cognitive screening tool. It includes temporal orientation and word recall (Saliba et al., 2012). This study examined the ability of the BIMS to identify impairment on performance-based functional cognitive screening tests that assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). We recruited a cross-sectional sample of 200 participants who met the following inclusion criteria: age 55 and older, living independently in the community, and able to read and communicate in English.. Participants ranged in age from 55 to 92 years (Mean 70.96:SD = 8.56),were predominantly White (68%) and female (65%). Participants were administered the BIMS and a battery of performance-based tests of functional cognition -the Performance Assessment of Self Care Skills and the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA). There was a mismatch in screening results: Among Individuals identified as cognitively intact on the BIMS 22-45% were found to be impaired on the PASS and/or the WCPA. Sensitivity of the BIMS to identify impaired IADL function did not exceed .06, although specificities were high (< .95). These findings suggest that individuals categorized as cognitively normal by the BIMS may be impaired on more complex IADL tasks. Individuals classified as unimpaired on the BIMS, may benefit from more complex functional cognitive screening to further assess IADLs function to better estimate ability to live independently in the community. Performance based assessments can improve discharge planning by identifying elders at risk after hospitalization.

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McLaughlin, Anne Collins, and Vicky E. Byrne. "A Fundamental Cognitive Taxonomy for Cognition Aids." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 6 (May 21, 2020): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720820920099.

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Objective This study aimed to organize the literature on cognitive aids to allow comparison of findings across studies and link the applied work of aid development to psychological constructs and theories of cognition. Background Numerous taxonomies have been developed, all of which label cognitive aids via their surface characteristics. This complicates integration of the literature, as a type of aid, such as a checklist, can provide many different forms of support (cf. prospective memory for steps and decision support for alternative diagnoses). Method In this synthesis of the literature, we address the disparate findings and organize them at their most basic level: Which cognitive processes does the aid need to support? Which processes do they support? Such processes include attention, perception, decision making, memory, and declarative knowledge. Results Cognitive aids can be classified into the processes they support. Some studies focused on how an aid supports the cognitive processes demanded by the task (aid function). Other studies focused on supporting the processes needed to utilize the aid (aid usability). Conclusion Classifying cognitive aids according to the processes they support allows comparison across studies in the literature and a formalized way of planning the design of new cognitive aids. Once the literature is organized, theory-based guidelines and applied examples can be used by cognitive aid researchers and designers. Application Aids can be designed according to the cognitive processes they need to support. Designers can be clear about their focus, either examining how to support specific cognitive processes or improving the usability of the aid.

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Loftus, Andrea M., Natalie Gasson, Nicole Lopez, Michelle Sellner, Carly Reid, Naomi Cocks, and Blake J. Lawrence. "Cognitive Reserve, Executive Function, and Memory in Parkinson’s Disease." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11080992.

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Cognitive impairment is acknowledged as a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the most common cognitive declines are in executive function (EF) and memory. Cognitive reserve (CR) may offer some protection against cognitive dysfunction in PD. The present study used two proxies of CR (years of education, premorbid IQ) to examine the relationship between CR and (i) EF (ii) memory in a large PD sample (n = 334). Two aspects of EF were examined, including verbal fluency and planning skills. Two aspects of verbal memory were examined, including immediate recall and delayed recall. For EF, both CR proxies significantly predicted verbal fluency, but only years of education predicted planning skills. Years of education significantly predicted immediate recall, but premorbid IQ did not. Neither CR proxy predicted delayed recall. These findings suggest that CR, in particular years of education, may contribute to EF and memory function in those with PD. A key finding of this study is the varying contribution of CR proxies to different aspects of the same cognitive domain. The findings indicate that using only one proxy has the potential to be misleading and suggest that when testing the relationship between CR and cognition, studies should include tasks that measure different aspects of the cognitive domain(s) of interest.

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Sanghrajka, Rushit. "Interactive Narrative Authoring Using Cognitive Models in Narrative Planning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 15, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v15i1.5251.

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My research aims to allow for human authors to collaborate with a computational system to work on narrative generation. This will be done with the help of work done in the domains of narrative understanding, narrative planning and reasoning based on cognitive models. This sort of approach would greatly benefit the enrich growing set of variables of narrative planning.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive Planning'

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