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Dean, Janet Blevins. "Cognitive dysorganization, prospective memory, and planning." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1059929529.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 146 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Herbert Mirels, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-118).
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Morales, Alcaide Fernando. "Towards cognitive in-operation network planning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/620635.
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Next-generation internet services such as live TV and video on demand require high bandwidth and ultra-low latency. The ever-increasing volume, dynamicity and stringent requirements of these services’ demands are generating new challenges to nowadays telecom networks. To decrease expenses, service-layer content providers are delivering their content near the end users, thus allowing a low latency and tailored content delivery. As a consequence of this, unseen metro and even core traffic dynamicity is arising with changes in the volume and direction of the traffic along the day.
A tremendous effort to efficiently manage networks is currently ongoing towards the realisation of 5G networks. This translates in looking for network architectures supporting dynamic resource allocation, fulfilling strict service requirements and minimising the total cost of ownership (TCO). In this regard, in-operation network planning was recently proven to successfully support various network reconfiguration use cases in prospective scenarios. Nevertheless, additional research to extend in-operation planning capabilities from typical reactive optimization schemes to proactive and predictive schemes based on the analysis of network monitoring data is required.
A hot topic raising increasing attention is cognitive networking, where an elevated knowledge about the network could be obtained as a result of introducing data analytics in the telecom operator’s infrastructure. By using predictive knowledge about the network traffic, in-operation network planning mechanisms could be enhanced to efficiently adapt the network by means of future traffic prediction, thus achieving cognitive in-operation network planning.
In this thesis, we focus on studying mechanisms to enable cognitive in-operation network planning in core networks. In particular, we focus on dynamically reconfiguring virtual network topologies (VNT) at the MPLS layer, covering a number of detailed objectives. First, we start studying mechanisms to allow network traffic flow modelling, from monitoring and data transformation to the estimation of predictive traffic model based on this data. By means of these traffic models, then we tackle a cognitive approach to periodically adapt the core VNT to current and future traffic, using predicted traffic matrices based on origin-destination (OD) predictive models. This optimization approach, named VENTURE, is efficiently solved using dedicated heuristic algorithms and its feasibility is demonstrated in an experimental in-operation network planning environment. Finally, we extend VENTURE to consider core flows dynamicity as a result of metro flows re-routing, which represents a meaningful dynamic traffic scenario. This extension, which entails enhancements to coordinate metro and core network controllers with the aim of allowing fast adaption of core OD traffic models, is evaluated and validated in terms of traffic models accuracy and experimental feasibility.Els serveis d’internet de nova generació tals com la televisió en viu o el vídeo sota demanda requereixen d’un gran ample de banda i d’ultra-baixa latència. L’increment continu del volum, dinamicitat i requeriments d’aquests serveis està generant nous reptes pels teleoperadors de xarxa. Per reduir costs, els proveïdors de contingut estan disposant aquests més a prop dels usuaris finals, aconseguint així una entrega de contingut feta a mida. Conseqüentment, estem presenciant una dinamicitat mai vista en el tràfic de xarxes de metro amb canvis en la direcció i el volum del tràfic al llarg del dia. Actualment, s’està duent a terme un gran esforç cap a la realització de xarxes 5G. Aquest esforç es tradueix en cercar noves arquitectures de xarxa que suportin l’assignació dinàmica de recursos, complint requeriments de servei estrictes i minimitzant el cost total de la propietat. En aquest sentit, recentment s’ha demostrat com l’aplicació de “in-operation network planning” permet exitosament suportar diversos casos d’ús de reconfiguració de xarxa en escenaris prospectius. No obstant, és necessari dur a terme més recerca per tal d’estendre “in-operation network planning” des d’un esquema reactiu d’optimització cap a un nou esquema proactiu basat en l’analítica de dades provinents del monitoritzat de la xarxa. El concepte de xarxes cognitives es també troba al centre d’atenció, on un elevat coneixement de la xarxa s’obtindria com a resultat d’introduir analítica de dades en la infraestructura del teleoperador. Mitjançant un coneixement predictiu sobre el tràfic de xarxa, els mecanismes de in-operation network planning es podrien millorar per adaptar la xarxa eficientment basant-se en predicció de tràfic, assolint així el que anomenem com a “cognitive in-operation network Planning”. En aquesta tesi ens centrem en l’estudi de mecanismes que permetin establir “el cognitive in-operation network Planning” en xarxes de core. En particular, ens centrem en reconfigurar dinàmicament topologies de xarxa virtual (VNT) a la capa MPLS, cobrint una sèrie d’objectius detallats. Primer comencem estudiant mecanismes pel modelat de fluxos de tràfic de xarxa, des del seu monitoritzat i transformació fins a l’estimació de models predictius de tràfic. Posteriorment, i mitjançant aquests models predictius, tractem un esquema cognitiu per adaptar periòdicament la VNT utilitzant matrius de tràfic basades en predicció de parells origen-destí (OD). Aquesta optimització, anomenada VENTURE, és resolta eficientment fent servir heurístiques dedicades i és posteriorment avaluada sota escenaris de tràfic de xarxa dinàmics. A continuació, estenem VENTURE considerant la dinamicitat dels fluxos de tràfic de xarxes de metro, el qual representa un escenari rellevant de dinamicitat de tràfic. Aquesta extensió involucra millores per coordinar els operadors de metro i core amb l’objectiu d’aconseguir una ràpida adaptació de models de tràfic OD. Finalment, proposem dues arquitectures de xarxa necessàries per aplicar els mecanismes anteriors en entorns experimentals, emprant protocols estat-de-l’art com són OpenFlow i IPFIX. La metodologia emprada per avaluar el treball anterior consisteix en una primera avaluació numèrica fent servir un simulador de xarxes íntegrament dissenyat i desenvolupat per a aquesta tesi. Després d’aquesta validació basada en simulació, la factibilitat experimental de les arquitectures de xarxa proposades és avaluada en un entorn de proves distribuït.
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Combrink, Aneri. "Cognitive development in planning theory / A. Combrink." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4564.
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This study reconsiders cognitive development in planning theory, in order to expose the underlying cognitive framework through which academics communicate in planning literature. A cognitive framework develops over time and through experience within the minds of theorists and readers of planning theory. This framework forms the basis for orientation and interpretation of planning literature by the reader. This is illustrated by describing the various perspectives within planning theory and the connotations they have with different levels of theorising. The different perspectives involve the nature thereof, the history and its political conviction, underpinned by ideology. The different levels of theorising involve a framework which descends from thinking through to implementation and consists of a philosophical–, meta–theoretical– and a technical (tools) level. The problem is that the concept of a developed cognitive framework is rarely discussed in a constructive manner in planning literature. This proves to be the cause of confusion for students and other readers whom have not yet developed their own cognitive framework. An incomplete framework causes misconceptions from existing literature for example: the purpose of Faludi's book Planning Theory (1973). A discussion of this framework by academics could explain unresolved debates such as the substance and procedural debate and the normative theory versus the positive theory debate. The application of this framework proves that the political conflict in planning theory literature such as the more rational perspectives versus the more socio–political perspectives could be more constructive. Therefore this study argues that a cognitive framework could be determined by the general perspectives in planning literature together with different levels of theorising, and should become a constructive part of planning theory (debate) and education. Furthermore this study argues that if all perspectives are allowed to develop fully (non–competitive and attaining all different levels of theorising), connotations could be made on a meta–theoretical level to provide a proper cross range description of planning and provide a proper basis for comparison and would lead to more relevant and constructive debate(s).Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Tosello, Elisa. "Cognitive Task Planning for Smart Industrial Robots." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421918.
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This research work presents a novel Cognitive Task Planning framework for Smart Industrial Robots. The framework makes an industrial mobile manipulator robot Cognitive by applying Semantic Web Technologies. It also introduces a novel Navigation Among Movable Obstacles algorithm for robots navigating and manipulating inside a firm.
The objective of Industrie 4.0 is the creation of Smart Factories: modular firms provided with cyber-physical systems able to strong customize products under the condition of highly flexible mass-production. Such systems should real-time communicate and cooperate with each other and with humans via the Internet of Things. They should intelligently adapt to the changing surroundings and autonomously navigate inside a firm while moving obstacles that occlude free paths, even if seen for the first time. At the end, in order to accomplish all these tasks while being efficient, they should learn from their actions and from that of other agents.
Most of existing industrial mobile robots navigate along pre-generated trajectories. They follow ectrified wires embedded in the ground or lines painted on th efloor. When there is no expectation of environment changes and cycle times are critical, this planning is functional. When workspaces and tasks change frequently, it is better to plan dynamically: robots should autonomously navigate without relying on modifications of their environments. Consider the human behavior: humans reason about the environment and consider the possibility of moving obstacles if a certain goal cannot be reached or if moving objects may significantly shorten the path to it. This problem is named Navigation Among Movable Obstacles and is mostly known in rescue robotics. This work transposes the problem on an industrial scenario and tries to deal with its two challenges: the high dimensionality of the state space and the treatment of uncertainty.
The proposed NAMO algorithm aims to focus exploration on less explored areas. For this reason it extends the Kinodynamic Motion Planning by Interior-Exterior Cell Exploration algorithm. The extension does not impose obstacles avoidance: it assigns an importance to each cell by combining the efforts necessary to reach it and that needed to free it from obstacles. The obtained algorithm is scalable because of its independence from the size of the map and from the number, shape, and pose of obstacles. It does not impose restrictions on actions to be performed: the robot can both push and grasp every object. Currently, the algorithm assumes full world knowledge but the environment is reconfigurable and the algorithm can be easily extended in order to solve NAMO problems in unknown environments. The algorithm handles sensor feedbacks and corrects uncertainties.
Usually Robotics separates Motion Planning and Manipulation problems. NAMO forces their combined processing by introducing the need of manipulating multiple objects, often unknown, while navigating. Adopting standard precomputed grasps is not sufficient to deal with the big amount of existing different objects. A Semantic Knowledge Framework is proposed in support of the proposed algorithm by giving robots the ability to learn to manipulate objects and disseminate the information gained during the fulfillment of tasks. The Framework is composed by an Ontology and an Engine. The Ontology extends the IEEE Standard Ontologies for Robotics and Automation and contains descriptions of learned manipulation tasks and detected objects. It is accessible from any robot connected to the Cloud. It can be considered a data store for the efficient and reliable execution of repetitive tasks; and a Web-based repository for the exchange of information between robots and for the speed up of the learning phase. No other manipulation ontology exists respecting the IEEE Standard and, regardless the standard, the proposed ontology differs from the existing ones because of the type of features saved and the efficient way in which they can be accessed: through a super fast Cascade Hashing algorithm. The Engine lets compute and store the manipulation actions when not present in the Ontology. It is based on Reinforcement Learning techniques that avoid massive trainings on large-scale databases and favors human-robot interactions.
The overall system is flexible and easily adaptable to different robots operating in different industrial environments. It is characterized by a modular structure where each software block is completely reusable. Every block is based on the open-source Robot Operating System. Not all industrial robot controllers are designed to be ROS-compliant. This thesis presents the method adopted during this research in order to Open Industrial Robot Controllers and create a ROS-Industrial interface for them.Questa ricerca presenta una nuova struttura di Pianificazione Cognitiva delle Attività ideata per Robot Industriali Intelligenti. La struttura rende Cognitivo un manipolatore industriale mobile applicando le tecnologie offerte dal Web Semantico. Viene inoltre introdotto un nuovo algoritmo di Navigazione tra Oggetti Removibili per robot che navigano e manipolano all’interno di una fabbrica. L’obiettivo di Industria 4.0 è quello di creare Fabbriche Intelligenti: fabbriche modulari dotate di sistemi cyber-fisici in grado di customizzare i prodotti pur mantenendo una produzione di massa altamente flessibile. Tali sistemi devono essere in grado di comunicare e cooperare tra loro e con gli agenti umani in tempo reale, attraverso l’Internet delle Cose. Devono sapersi autonomamente ed intelligentemente adattare ai costanti cambiamenti dell’ambiente che li circonda. Devono saper navigare autonomamente all’interno della fabbrica, anche spostando ostacoli che occludono percorsi liberi, ed essere in grado di manipolare questi oggetti anche se visti per la prima volta. Devono essere in grado di imparare dalle loro azioni e da quelle eseguite da altri agenti. La maggior parte dei robot industriali mobili naviga secondo traiettorie generate a priori. Seguono filielettrificatiincorporatinelterrenoolineedipintesulpavimento. Pianificareapriorièfunzionale se l’ambiente è immutevole e i cicli produttivi sono caratterizzati da criticità temporali. E’ preferibile adottare una pianificazione dinamica se, invece, l’area di lavoro ed i compiti assegnati cambiano frequentemente: i robot devono saper navigare autonomamente senza tener conto dei cambiamenti circostanti. Si consideri il comportamento umano: l’uomo ragiona sulla possibilità di spostare ostacolise unaposizione obiettivo nonè raggiungibileose talespostamento puòaccorciare la traiettoria da percorrere. Questo problema viene detto Navigazione tra Oggetti Removibili ed è noto alla robotica di soccorso. Questo lavoro traspone il problema in uno scenario industriale e prova ad affrontare i suoi due obiettivi principali: l’elevata dimensione dello spazio di ricerca ed il trattamento dell’incertezza. L’algoritmo proposto vuole dare priorità di esplorazione alle aree meno esplorate, per questo estende l’algoritmo noto come Kinodynamic Motion Planning by Interior-Exterior Cell Exploration. L’estensione non impone l’elusione degli ostacoli. Assegna ad ogni cella un’importanza che combina lo sforzo necessario per raggiungerla con quello necessario per liberarla da eventuali ostacoli. L’algoritmo risultante è scalabile grazie alla sua indipendenza dalla dimensione della mappa e dal numero, forma e posizione degli ostacoli. Non impone restrizioni sulle azioni da eseguire: ogni oggetto può venir spinto o afferrato. Allo stato attuale, l’algoritmo assume una completa conoscenza del mondo circonstante. L’ambiente è però riconfigurabile di modo che l’algoritmo possa venir facilmente esteso alla risoluzione di problemi di Navigazione tra Oggetti Removibili in ambienti ignoti. L’algoritmo gestisce i feedback dati dai sensori per correggere le incertezze. Solitamente la Robotica separa la risoluzione dei problemi di pianificazione del movimento da quelli di manipolazione. La Navigazione tra Ostacoli Removibili forza il loro trattamento combinato introducendo la necessità di manipolare oggetti diversi, spesso ignoti, durante la navigazione. Adottare prese pre calcolate non fa fronte alla grande quantità e diversità di oggetti esistenti. Questa tesi propone un Framework di Conoscenza Semantica a supporto dell’algoritmo sopra esposto. Essodàairobotlacapacitàdiimparareamanipolareoggettiedisseminareleinformazioni acquisite durante il compimento dei compiti assegnati. Il Framework si compone di un’Ontologia e di un Engine. L’Ontologia estende lo Standard IEEE formulato per Ontologie per la Robotica e l’Automazione andando a definire le manipolazioni apprese e gli oggetti rilevati. È accessibile a qualsiasi robot connesso al Cloud. Può venir considerato I) una raccolta di dati per l’esecuzione efficiente ed affidabile di azioni ripetute; II) un archivio Web per lo scambio di informazioni tra robot e la velocizzazione della fase di apprendimento. Ad ora, non esistono altre ontologie sulla manipolazione che rispettino lo Standard IEEE. Indipendentemente dallo standard, l’Ontologia propostadifferiscedaquelleesistentiperiltipodiinformazionisalvateeperilmodoefficienteincui un agente può accedere a queste informazioni: attraverso un algoritmo di Cascade Hashing molto veloce. L’Engine consente il calcolo e il salvataggio delle manipolazioni non ancora in Ontologia. Si basa su tecniche di Reinforcement Learning che evitano il training massivo su basi di dati a larga scala, favorendo l’interazione uomo-robot. Infatti, viene data ai robot la possibilità di imparare dagli umani attraverso un framework di Apprendimento Robotico da Dimostrazioni. Il sistema finale è flessibile ed adattabile a robot diversi operanti in diversi ambienti industriali. È caratterizzato da una struttura modulare in cui ogni blocco è completamente riutilizzabile. Ogni blocco si basa sul sistema open-source denominato Robot Operating System. Non tutti i controllori industriali sono disegnati per essere compatibili con questa piattaforma. Viene quindi presentato il metodo che è stato adottato per aprire i controllori dei robot industriali e crearne un’interfaccia ROS.
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Nitschke, Kai [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaller, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinrichs. "The neural and cognitive foundations of human planning." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-132951.
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Nitschke, Kai Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kaller, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinrichs. "The neural and cognitive foundations of human planning." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143154479/34.
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Timmer, Peter Robin. "Expression of operator planning horizons : a cognitive engineering approach." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325012.
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Donnici, Margherita. "Weekend in Rome: A Cognitive Training Exercise based on Planning." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16198/.
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Negli ultimi anni è cresciuto l'interesse per l'utilizzo dell'informatica nell'ambito della riabilitazione cognitiva, fino ad ora eseguita tramite sessioni condotte in ospedale dove i pazienti svolgono esercizi con carta e penna, supervisionati da un operatore. Di conseguenza sono nati diversi software riabilitativi computerizzati, in cui i tradizionali esercizi sono stati trasposti in versione elettronica. Il gruppo di ricerca del Prof. Gaspari del DISI in collaborazione con l'ospedale Bellaria di Bologna, per ovviare alla mancanza di software riabilitativi specifici per il trattamento della sclerosi multipla, ha realizzato la piattaforma MS-rehab, un sistema avanzato per le strutture sanitarie che fornisce un programma completo per la riabilitazione cognitiva dei pazienti affetti da tale patologia, dando la possibilità di continuare la riabilitazione anche da casa. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stata la progettazione e l'implementazione di un esercizio realistico per la riabilitazione delle funzioni esecutive, denominato "Weekend in Rome", e la sua successiva integrazione nella piattaforma MS-Rehab. L'esercizio, basato su pianificazione automatica, prevede che il paziente pianifichi un fine settimana a Roma, dovendo far fronte a tutte le difficoltà che si presenterebbero in tale scenario nella vita di tutti i giorni (prenotazione dei treni e dell'albergo, spostamenti in città con i mezzi pubblici, ecc.)
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Razavian, Adam A. "Cognitive Based Adaptive Path Planning Algorithm for Autonomous Robotic Vehicles." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/793.
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Processing requirement of a complex autonomous robotic vehicle demands high efficiency in algorithmic and software execution. Today's advanced computer hardware technology provides processing capabilities that were not available a decade ago. There are still major space and time limitations on these technologies for autonomous robotic applications. Increasingly, small to miniature mobile robots are required for reconnaissance, surveillance, and hazardous material detections for military and industrial applications. The small sized autonomous mobile robotic applications have limited power capacity as well as memory and processing resources.
A number of algorithms exist for producing optimal traverses given changing arc costs. One algorithm stands out as the most used algorithm in simple path finding applications such as games, named the A * algorithm. This dissertation investigated the hypothesis that cognitive based adaptive path planning algorithms are efficient. This assumption is based on the observed capability of biological systems, which ignore irrelevant information and quickly process non-optimum but efficient paths. Path planning function for all organisms from insects to humans is a critical function of survival, and living organisms perform it with graceful accuracy and efficiency. This hypothesis was tested by developing a Cognitive Based Adaptive Path Planning Algorithm (CBAPPA) and a limited simulation program to test the theory of the algorithm, and comparing the result with other known approaches.
This dissertation presented a new cognitive based approach in solving the path planning problems for autonomous robotic applications. The goal of this paper was to show that adaptive cognitive based techniques are more efficient by comparing this paper's path planning approach to analytical and heuristic algorithms. This study presented a two-step methodology of Primary Path and Refined Path. Each step was implemented by a number of heuristic algorithms.
This paper illustrated that the CBAPPA’s path-finding efficiency exceeds the efficiency of some popular analytical and heuristic approaches. This research paper concluded that the hypothesis was verified and cognitive based path planning algorithm is efficient and is a viable approach for autonomous robotic applications.
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Price, Philip Sidney. "Validity of planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive cognitive processing tasks /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487585645577074.
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George, Ranjit Varkki. "A computer-based cognitive aid for formulating urban planning problems /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914826154.
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Milane, Russell Edward. "Alternative Augmentative Care Planning in Patients with a Cognitive Decline." Thesis, Grand Canyon University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10976265.
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Nurse dissatisfaction occurs when the quality in communication of persons affected by a cognitive decline is impacted during the transmission process. It is necessary to understand the nurse’s perception of this situation and how alternative augmentative communication (AAC) patient-centered care intervention (PCCI) care planning provides the most advantageous strategy. The purpose of this Direct Practice Improvement (DPI) project is to understand how ten nurses perceived their level of dissatisfaction while communicating with patients with a cognitive decline before and after implementation of an AAC PCCI care plan intervention at a Long Term Care Home (LTCH) in Southeast Iowa. This project demonstrated the importance of implementing AAC PCCI care planning as a means to decrease nurse dissatisfaction when caring for individuals with cognitive decline. Their perception was measured prior and following implementation of the care plan. The project utilized Watson’s theory of human caring to support the perceptual and qualitative nature of this project. A case study framework using qualitative open-ended questions solicited the nurse’s personal perceptual view and experiences in answering the clinical questions. The data results of (N=10) nurse’s narratives were analyzed. A confidence interval of 95% provided statistical significance supporting AAC PCCI care planning implementation as a means to improve nurse satisfaction. The measurable practice outcome of this project’s AAC PCCI care planning implementation is effective in decreasing nurse dissatisfaction. A future recommendation is to provide a quantitative approach as a means to provide additional reliability.
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Pokalchuk, O. "Cognitive Wars." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84755.
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It looks obvious, that a debate about information wars (as well as wars in
general) should not disappear from the current research agenda. Internal and external
political reasons make military topics periodically appear and vanish.
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Liu, Liu M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "C-IMAGE : city cognitive mapping through geo-tagged photos." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90205.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-154).
Traditional research categorizes people's perceptions towards the city environment with Kevin Lynch's five elements: node, path, edge, district, and landmark. His method has been a keystone in guiding both urban design and urban study for decades. However, enabled by the proliferation of crowd sourcing technology, this thesis tries another angle to detect, measure, and analyze people's perceptions through geo-tagged photos. Using Python scripting language, the project downloads photos of 26 cities (an average of 100,000 photos per city) with geographic information, in North America, Europe, and Asia, from Panoramio and partially from Flickr. The process of image analysis is built on a computer vision technique - scene understanding, which categorizes the photos into 102 scenes by content. This paper aims to introduce photos collected at the massive scale as an additional method of city image. The project name of C-IMAGE reflects the interaction between city computation and city cognition. This thesis implies different roles of C-IMAGE in three applications for urban planning: a monitor for city forms, an evaluator for planning strategies, and a reference for urban functions. Important discoveries through these applications include that 1) C-IMAGE can partially confirm Kevin Lynch's city image efficiently; 2) C-IMAGE can disclose both agent-led and agent-less urban changes; 3) There are mainly four prototypes among the tested 26 cities, based on a seven-category C-IMAGE patterns; 4) C-IMAGE can evaluate planning suitability because its indicators are associated with the real activity; 5) Part of land use is statistically predictable in the case of Manhattan. Three impacts on urban planning are highlighted: First C-IMAGE is a method to pull data from social media to describe vividly the collective perception from the public. Second it computationally extracts information from photos at a deeper level for the study of urban space and activities. Third, C-IMAGE benefits from the multidisciplinary cooperation between planning and computer science to open up a new channel and provide analytical tools for further research on the cognitive mapping of urban spaces. Keywords: City Image, Cognitive Mapping, Urban Computing, Geo-tagged Photos, Crowd Sourcing.
by Liu Liu.
M.C.P.
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Mazzoni, Pietro. "Spatial perception and movement planning in the posterior parietal cortex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12263.
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Rönmark, Lovisa. "The Never Ending Shower : planning ability, intellectual disability and cognitive artifacts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108845.
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Persons with intellectual disability have been found to perform more poorly on tasks, demanding the use of executive functions like planning, than their peers. This study investigated difficulties with planning, and how problems with planning ability can be supported by using cognitive artifacts to help performance on activities in everyday life, for adolescents with intellectual disability. The approach taken is one of situated cognition, where the natural environment plays a big role, to see if the same difficulties arise as results from traditional research has shown. The traditional view focuses a lot on executive functions, and experimental studies in controlled settings and often suggests interventions and practice of certain functions to get better abilities. Another way is to focus on the use of cognitive artifact, to support problematic abilities, and to get a well-rounded understanding of how the problems actually appear in everyday life, the alternative view of situated cognition is a way to go. The data was gathered through interviews and surveys with the individual’s parents and analyzed through categorization and a repeated measures ANOVA, with a bonferroni corrected post hoc test. Results show several problematic areas, and that there is a difference in how problematic these areas are estimated to be when it comes to planning in everyday situations. It is discussed how the natural contexts helps knowing what planning really means for the group, as well as how it can help finding properties in cognitive artifacts that can help raise the level of independence in planning related tasks.
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Eliane, Correa Miotto. "Cognitive aspects of planning ability in patients with frontal lobe lesions." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263808.
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Martin, Richard Joseph. "Planning for Decisional Incapacity: Resistance to Cognitive Bias in Older Adults." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1562347931852291.
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BYGGE, MATTIAS, and SOFIE STRAND. "Day Master - Redesigning a planning board for people with cognitive disorder." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263136.
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In assistive technology, there are mainly two different users that needs to be taken into account when developing products. The first, and most important, is the end-user who requires the product in order to function and live a normal life. The second is the support person who, for some products, needs to assist the end-user by preparing it to be used. This report presents the master thesis project conducted by Mattias Bygge and Sofie Strand at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The client was Abilia, a company that research, develop, manufacture and sell assistive technology to people with impairments. This main goal of this project was to redesign a cognitive planning board. The product is used as a visual aid by people who has difficulties in planning daily activities and keeping track of time. In order to develop the product in a suitable way, a literature study and interviews with Abilia’s employees laid the foundation for the user studies that were conducted with end-users and support people. Several concepts were generated and five were evaluated against the original product and presented to the company. The two concepts that received the highest ranking, (1) Extra Hours and (2) Extra Hours Bistable, were further investigated and were eventually developed into one single hybrid concept. The final design proposal is Day Master, a flexible planning board intended for people with a cognitive impairment that impedes their ability to plan daily activities and keep track of time. The product visually displays time and weekdays by using coloured LED lights, which support people may program without difficulty to fit the end-user’s preference. The amount of hours is changeable with a range of 12-18 hours of daytime and with the remaining hours distributed to night-time. The accessories that have been developed for this products are a simple protective cover, and two holders, one for images and one for whiteboard markers. All accessories attaches to the planning board with magnets.I hjälpmedelsteknologi är det fler än en användare som man måste ta hänsyn till när man utvecklar produkter. Den första och viktigaste är slutanvändaren som är den som behöver produkten i vardagen för att kunna leva ett någorlunda normalt liv. Den andra är stödpersonen som i många fall är den som förbereder produkten för användning av slutanvändaren. Denna rapport presenterar masterexamensarbetet utfört av Mattias Bygge och Sofie Strand på KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskola i Stockholm. Kunden för projektet var Abilia, ett företag som utvecklar, tillverkar, och säljer hjälpmedel till personer med funktionsnedsättning. Målet med detta projekt var att omdesigna deras kognitiva planeringstavla. Produkten används som ett visuellt hjälpmedel av personer som har problem med tidsuppfattning och planering av aktiviteter. Projektet inleddes genom en literaturstudie och intervjuer med personal på Abilia. Detta lade grunden för användarstudierna där både slutanvändare och stödpersoner deltog. Utifrån användarstudierna så genererades ett flertal koncept varav fem stycken evaluerades mot original produkten och som presenterades för företaget under en delpresentation. De två koncept som erhöll högsta ranking i evalueringen var (1) Extra Hours och (2) Extra Hours Bistable. Koncepten undersöktes ytterligare och kom slutligen att kombineras till ett gemensamt koncept. Det slutgiltiga designförslaget är Day Master, en flexibel planeringstavla som riktar sig mot personer med en kognitiv funktionsnedsättning som försvårar för dem att hålla koll på tiden och planera aktiviteter. Produkten visar tid och veckodagar visuellt med hjälp av färgade LED lampor som stödpersonerna lätt och intuitivt kan programmera för att passa slutanvändarens individuella behov. Day Master ger möjligheten att själv bestämma antalet timmar som distribueras mellan dag och natt. Den har ett spann på 12-18 timmar för dagtid och återstående timmar läggs på natttid. Tillbehören som har utvecklats för denna produkt är ett enkelt magnetiskt plastskydd och två stycken olika ställ, ett för bilder och ett för whiteboardpennor. Alla tillbehör fästs på whiteboardtavlan med hjälp av magneter.
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Bygge, Mattias, and Sofie Strand. "Day Master - Redesigning a planning board for people with cognitive disorder." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264418.
Full textAbstract:
In assistive technology, there are mainly two different users that needs to be taken into account when developing products. The first, and most important, is the end-user who requires the product in order to function and live a normal life. The second is the support person who, for some products, needs to assist the end-user by preparing it to be used. This report presents the master thesis project conducted by Mattias Bygge and Sofie Strand at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The client was Abilia, a company that research, develop, manufacture and sell assistive technology to people with impairments. This main goal of this project was to redesign a cognitive planning board. The product is used as a visual aid by people who has difficulties in planning daily activities and keeping track of time. In order to develop the product in a suitable way, a literature study and interviews with Abilia’s employees laid the foundation for the user studies that were conducted with end-users and support people. Several concepts were generated and five were evaluated against the original product and presented to the company. The two concepts that received the highest ranking, (1) Extra Hours and (2) Extra Hours Bistable, were further investigated and were eventually developed into one single hybrid concept. The final design proposal is Day Master, a flexible planning board intended for people with a cognitive impairment that impedes their ability to plan daily activities and keep track of time. The product visually displays time and weekdays by using coloured LED lights, which support people may program without difficulty to fit the end-user’s preference. The amount of hours is changeable with a range of 12-18 hours of daytime and with the remaining hours distributed to night-time. The accessories that have been developed for this products are a simple protective cover, and two holders, one for images and one for whiteboard markers. All accessories attaches to the planning board with magnets.I hjälpmedelsteknologi är det fler än en användare som man måste ta hänsyn till när man utvecklar produkter. Den första och viktigaste är slutanvändaren som är den som behöver produkten i vardagen för att kunna leva ett någorlunda normalt liv. Den andra är stödpersonen som i många fall är den som förbereder produkten för användning av slutanvändaren. Denna rapport presenterar masterexamensarbetet utfört av Mattias Bygge och Sofie Strand på KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskola i Stockholm. Kunden för projektet var Abilia, ett företag som utvecklar, tillverkar, och säljer hjälpmedel till personer med funktionsnedsättning. Målet med detta projekt var att omdesigna deras kognitiva planeringstavla. Produkten används som ett visuellt hjälpmedel av personer som har problem med tidsuppfattning och planering av aktiviteter. Projektet inleddes genom en literaturstudie och intervjuer med personal på Abilia. Detta lade grunden för användarstudierna där både slutanvändare och stödpersoner deltog. Utifrån användarstudierna så genererades ett flertal koncept varav fem stycken evaluerades mot original produkten och som presenterades för företaget under en delpresentation. De två koncept som erhöll högsta ranking i evalueringen var (1) Extra Hours och (2) Extra Hours Bistable. Koncepten undersöktes ytterligare och kom slutligen att kombineras till ett gemensamt koncept. Det slutgiltiga designförslaget är Day Master, en flexibel planeringstavla som riktar sig mot personer med en kognitiv funktionsnedsättning som försvårar för dem att hålla koll på tiden och planera aktiviteter. Produkten visar tid och veckodagar visuellt med hjälp av färgade LED lampor som stödpersonerna lätt och intuitivt kan programmera för att passa slutanvändarens individuella behov. Day Master ger möjligheten att själv bestämma antalet timmar som distribueras mellan dag och natt. Den har ett spann på 12-18 timmar för dagtid och återstående timmar läggs på natttid. Tillbehören som har utvecklats för denna produkt är ett enkelt magnetiskt plastskydd och två stycken olika ställ, ett för bilder och ett för whiteboardpennor. Alla tillbehör fästs på whiteboardtavlan med hjälp av magneter.
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Johnson, Richard James. "A cognitive approach to the representation of managerial competitive intelligence knowledge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186884.
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With today's rapidly changing business environment, more and more businesses are using competitive intelligence to improve planning efforts, identify threats and opportunities and help avoid unpleasant surprises. However, to be effective, this intelligence must be gathered and communicated between managers. Two research questions will address these issues: (1) can a representation of competitive knowledge be developed that reflects managerial thought and (2) will a graphical computer tool based on this representation elicit a more complete representation of competitive intelligence knowledge in a more efficient manner relative to traditional methods? Various studies have shown managerial thought to be represented in several ways, e.g., conceptual groupings, hierarchically, and causally. However, by proposing that managers represent information about competitors in a story structure and integrating this proposal with the literature from competitive intelligence and strategic planning, a more complete conceptual model results. To validate the proposed conceptual model, an archival case study of three competitors in the computer workstation market was conducted. Following that, interviews were conducted with six MBA students with experience in competitive intelligence and with six managers. The transcripts from these interviews have been analyzed and the conceptual model has been modified based on input from this content analysis. A prototype was developed using the ConceptBase platform, an X-windows tool that provides both graphical and textual access to concepts and their relationships. The prototype will allow managers to create a graphical representation of their competitive knowledge. This representation will allow managers to locate gaps in their knowledge and to communicate their information to others. The prototype was validated by two different groups of MBA students by asking them to represent a given competitive situation. One group used pencil and paper while the second group used the prototype. Both the number of uncategorized concepts and the number of relationships differed significantly. This indicates that a more complete representation was created using the prototype. The two main contributions of this research are: (1) a model of competitive intelligence knowledge based on managerial cognition, and (2) a prototype that will facilitate the elicitation of competitive intelligence knowledge in a graphical and understandable manner.
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Al-Ghamdi, Najlaa AbdulRahman. "A cognitive analysis of planning performance in the Tower of London task." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248646.
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The Tower of London (TOL) task has been widely used as a measure planning ability in cognitive and neuropsychological settings. In the current study, healthy participants used different planning manipulations to preplan a sequence of moves to match a set of discs to a goal set, then to execute the moves following the plan. The effect of different planning manipulations and trial (puzzle) types on accurate performance was explored across the four experiments in the current study. The effect of the concurrent think aloud at different stages of the planning process in the TOL task was investigated in experiment 1. The results showed that think aloud did not disrupt or enhance performance in the TOL task. The effect of trial difficulty and the contribution of fluid intelligence to planning were explored in experiment 2. Trial type had a greater effect on planning, moving and solving the task with the minimum number of moves. Participants with high fluid intelligence tended to be faster in their planning, recall and execution of their planned moves, and solved the most demanding trial with fewer moves than did their counterparts. The contributions of working memory and intellectual ability in solving a more demanding task such as the Tower of Hanoi (TOH), and its correlation with the Tower of London were examined in experiment 3. The TOL and TOH tasks correlated significantly but only in terms of execution time. It was found that higher intellectual ability and better spatial memory capacity contributed to some aspects of performance on the two Tower tasks. In terms of the TOH task, the results revealed that prolonged planning time in the demanding 5-TOH problem was associated with higher intellectual ability. Moreover, the better ability to estimate the minimum number of moves required to solve the 5-TOH problem might be attributable to a higher intellectual ability and greater spatial memory capacity.
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Fournier, Helene. "Design and planning in the development of computer-based instruction." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26266.
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This study has taken a problem solving approach in identifying the cognitive processes involved in designing computer-based instruction. The problem space essentially contains considerations of instructional goals and constraints, technological resources, and theoretical considerations. The problem space was augmented by an analysis of the strategic processes relevant in instructional design, in particular planning, and by an analysis of one specific technological resource, HyperCard. Concurrent think-aloud verbal protocols and computer operations protocols (video recordings of the users' interactions with the computer) were gathered from three university students enrolled in an educational technology course on developing courseware. Subjects were using HyperCard to develop instructional environments for individual course projects. The transcribed protocols were analyzed using a coding scheme based on the instructional-design problem space and planning model. Two types of analyses are reported: proportions of segments concerning different types of design and planning operations and descriptive representations of overall protocol goal structures and plans. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Layton, Charles Frederick. "An investigation of the effects of cognitive tools on human adaptive planning in the domain of enroute flight planning /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148777621079653.
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Sabes, Philip N. (Philip Neal). "The planning of visually guided arm movements : feedback perturbation and obstacle avoidance studies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10618.
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Smith, Cameron G. "Cognitive aspects of embodied conversational agents." Thesis, Teesside University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/301618.
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Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA) seek to provide a more natural means of interaction for a user through conversation. ECA build on the dialogue abilities of spoken dialogue systems with the provision of a physical or virtual avatar. The rationale for this Thesis is that an ECA should be able to support a form of conversation capable of understanding both the content and affect of the dialogue and providing a meaningful response. The aim is to examine the cognitive aspects of ECA attempting such conversational dialogue in order to augment the abilities of dialogue management. The focus is on the provision of cognitive functions, outside of dialogue control, for managing the relationship with the user including the user’s emotional state. This will include a definition of conversation and an examination of the cognitive mechanisms that underpin meaningful conversation. The scope of this Thesis considers the development of a Companion ECA, the ‘How Was Your Day’ (HWYD) Companion, which enters into an open conversation with the user about the events of their day at work. The HWYD Companion attempts to positively influence the user’s attitude to these events. The main focus of this Thesis is on the Affective Strategy Module (ASM) which will attend to the information covering these events and the user’s emotional state in order to generate a plan for a narrative response. Within this narrative response the ASM will embed a means of influence acting upon the user’s attitude to the events. The HYWD Companion has contributed to the work on ECA through the provision of a system engaging in conversational dialogue including the affective aspects of such dialogue. This supports open conversation with longer utterances than typical task-oriented dialogue systems and can handle user interruptions. The main work of this Thesis provides a major component of this overall contribution and, in addition, provides a specific contribution of its own with the provision of narrative persuasion.
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Rasmussen, Louise J. "THE EFFECTS OF REPRESENTATIONAL FORMAT AND DISCOURSE PRINCIPLES ON THE COMPREHENSION AND PRODUCTION OF TEMPORAL ORDER." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1190080849.
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Mietus, Dirkje Magrieta. "Understanding planning for effective decision support a cognitive task analysis of nurse scheduling /." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1994. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/14222166X.
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Klaus, Jana. "Speech production and working memory: The influence of cognitive load on sentence planning." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161307.
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For the last four decades, psycholinguistic research has dealt with the question to what extent elements of simple sentences like “The monk read the book” are planned ahead both on the abstract-lexical and phonological processing level. While a number of studies have shown that all up to the final element can be activated on these two levels, empirical evidence on the flexibility of the respective planning scopes is inconsistent, and a systematic delineation of the influence of different forms of cognitive load has not yet been provided. This thesis presents a series of 9 picture-word interference experiments in which participants produced subject-verb-object sentences while ignoring auditory distractor words. Advance planning was assessed at an abstract-lexical (lemma) level and at a phonological (word form) level under varying working memory load conditions (no load, or visuospatial load, or verbal load). In the absence of a concurrent working memory load and with a concurrent visuospatial working memory load, subject and object nouns were found to be activated at the abstract-lexical and the phonological level prior to speech onset. By contrast, with a concurrent verbal working load, the scope of advance planning at the phonological level was reduced, while the scope of advance planning at the abstract-lexical level remained unaffected. Moreover, sentence planning had a more disruptive effect on verbal working memory performance than on visuospatial working memory performance. Overall, these results suggest that advance planning at the phonological level is more adaptive to external factors than advance planning at the abstract-lexical level. Also, they indicate an overlap of resources allocated to phonological processing in speech production and verbal working memory.
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Davidson, Duncan. "Social problem solving, cognitive defusion and social identification in wellness recovery action planning." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33141.
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Objective: The concept of recovery has become an integral part of modern mental health care. Understanding the outcomes and underlying mechanisms of key recovery interventions, such as Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP), is essential in order to expand the theoretical understanding of recovery and inform how to target recovery in treatment. Therefore a systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the mental health outcomes of WRAP for adults. The empirical study then explored three constructs in relation to WRAP and recovery. These were social problem solving, cognitive defusion and social identification. Method: The systematic review of the mental health outcomes of WRAP was conducted by searching four databases, contacting the authors of WRAP research and seeking evaluative information from organisations that deliver WRAP. Fourteen relevant studies met the inclusion criteria. Whereas, the empirical study recruited participants on a trans-diagnostic basis from across Scotland. Using a quantitative cross sectional design, 109 participant's completed 5 self-report questionnaires. These were the Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs about WRAP Questionnaire (WRAP beliefs), the Recovery Assessment Scale - Short (RAS-S), the Social Problem Solving Inventory - Revised - Short (SPSI-R-S), the Four Item Measure of Social Identification (FISI) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). Correlation, regression and mediation analysis were used to explore relationships, and in particular, the predictors and mediators of recovery. Results: The systematic review provided strong evidence that WRAP has a significant positive impact on hope and also reduces the symptoms of mental illness. However, whether WRAP improves personal levels of recovery was unclear and a possible risk of disempowerment was found. Promising preliminary mental health outcomes in the areas of confidence in managing mental health, quality of life, service use, self-advocacy and knowledge attitudes and beliefs about recovery were highlighted. Only studies that did not use peer facilitators failed to find significant increases in hope compared to treatment as usual control groups. In the empirical study, the results indicated that all the constructs examined were correlated to recovery. In the regression analysis, WRAP beliefs, social problem solving and cognitive defusion also demonstrated a predictive relationship with recovery. Mediation analysis indicated that, social problem solving mediated two distinct relationships. One between WRAP beliefs and recovery, and another between cognitive defusion and recovery. The social problem solving subscales also showed how the two predictors relate to recovery through social problem solving in different ways. Social identification with the WRAP group did not significantly predict or mediate recovery. Conclusions: The systematic review indicated having peer facilitators delivering WRAP is key to helping participants foster hope and that a further randomised control trial could help clarify if improved personal recovery is an outcome of WRAP. It additionally suggested how the relationship between WRAP beliefs and recovery could be explored, as per the design of the empirical study. Findings from the empirical study implied that improving participants' social problem solving and cognitive defusion should be specifically targeted in WRAP delivery. The studies combined indicate that to achieve the best recovery results interventions, like WRAP, should target inspiring hope through peer support, improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about recovery and cognitive defusion from unhelpful thoughts.
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Dimperio, Eric. "A dynamic model of planning behaviors in multi-stage risky decision tasks." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380074.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the Program in Cognitive Science, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 19, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7870. Adviser: Jerome Busemeyer.
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Cusack, William Fitzpatrick. "Promoting enhanced motor planning in prosthesis users via matched limb imitation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53420.
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As of 2005, there were over 1.5 million amputees living in the United States, more than 548,000 of them with upper extremity involvement. The total number of amputees is projected to rise to at least 2.2 million by 2020. Unfortunately, full functional use of upper extremity prosthetic devices is low. Knowledge gained regarding the cortical systems active in amputees performing motor tasks may reveal atypical motor control strategies that contribute to these issues. Substantial evidence demonstrates a strong dependence on left parietofrontal cortical areas to successfully plan and execute tool-use movements and pantomimes. It was previously unclear how this network functioned in users of prostheses. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that in order to optimally engage the typical parietofrontal network during action imitation with a prosthetic device, the action being imitated should be performed by a matching prosthesis. Also, that greater engagement of the parietofrontal network will result in increased ability to perform tool-use movements.
First, this dissertation showed that when imitating motor tasks performed by intact actors, prosthesis users exhibit lower engagement of the parietofrontal action encoding system. This network is crucial for motor adaptation. Left parietofrontal engagement was only observed when prosthesis users imitated matched limb prosthesis demonstrations, which suggests that matched limb imitation may be optimal to establish motor representations. Next, intact subjects donned a fictive amputee model system (FAMS) to simulate the limb movement that transradial amputees experience. Matched limb imitation in FAMS users yielded better movement technique compared to mismatched imitation. Finally, the longitudinal effects of a matched limb training paradigm on the cortical action encoding activity and motor behavior in FAMS users were investigated. Matched limb imitation subjects showed greater engagement of the parietofrontal network and better movement technique compared to those trained with mismatched limb.
This dissertation has clinical relevance as it supports the notion that matched limb imitation could play an important role in the performance of motor tasks using a prosthetic device. These findings could be used to inform the development of improved rehabilitation protocols that may lead to greater functional adaptation of prosthetic devices into the lives of amputees.
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Reno, Ashley Jones. "Executive Dysfunction in Autism and Asperger's Disorder: A Meta-analytic Review of Cognitive Planning." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1340924691.
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Dixon, Mary Katherine Eidy. "The relationship between planning, attention simultaneous and successive cognitive processes and anxiety and aggression /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148785931334541.
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Macleod, Mairi S. "Cognitive ageing and the role of the frontal lobes in prospective memory and planning." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU137019.
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A recent theory postulates that the cognitive functions associated with the frontal lobes are likely to selectively deteriorate with age (West, 1996). In line with this theory, it was predicted that an age-related decline in measures of prospective memory and planning would be observed. In order to investigate this hypothesis, a series of five experiments were conducted using groups of young, middle aged and older normal participants. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to follow a recipe while remembering to do various prospective memory tasks at the same time. Older participants performed significantly worse on all measures of prospective memory. Significant age differences in measures of planning were observed in the computerised &'34;Tower of London&'34; planning task in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, participants were given an open-ended planning task involving allocating a list of tasks to three friends. Older participants made significantly more overall planning errors. In Experiment 4, few age differences were observed in general executive function. In Experiment 5, the role of attention in prospective memory and planning was examined. Older participants performed significantly worse than the younger participants at the prospective memory and planning tasks. Speed of information processing was more highly associated with performance on the planning and prospective memory tasks than the attentional measures. There was not enough evidence available from the two patient studies to suggest that prospective memory was differentially impaired in patients with frontal lesions. The overall results confirmed the experimental hypothesis that there is an age-related decline in prospective memory and planning. However, the extent to which these age-related declines can be attributed to selective declines in the frontal lobes remains unclear.
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Spokes, Tara. "Ageing and Cognitive Inhibition: An ERP analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365459.
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Impaired cognitive inhibition is one of a number of changes in cognitive functioning that are associated with healthy ageing. Cognitive inhibition is the ability to suppress or withhold some cognitive process and includes the ability to block out distracting information. Successful cognitive inhibition underlies improved performance on a range of executive functions including problem solving, long-term planning and goal-directed behaviour (Darowski, Helder, Zacks, Hasher, & Hambrick, 2008). One theory posits that age-related deficits in cognitive inhibition may underlie general cognitive decline associated with older adults (Hasher & Zacks, 1988; Hasher, Zacks, & Rahhal, 1999). Previous behavioural studies have found that automatic, or unintentional cognitive inhibition is preserved with age while controlled, intentional cognitive inhibition is impaired in older adults (Collette, Germain, Hogge, & Van der Linden, 2009). In contrast, a number of neuroimaging studies suggest that older adults show less differentiation than young adults in neural processing of automatic and controlled tasks. In particular, it has been suggested that automatic tasks are processed more like controlled tasks, suggesting increased cognitive effort required to complete them (Germain & Collette, 2008).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Pinet, Svetlana. "Exploration cognitive de l'écriture au clavier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3031/document.
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Bien qu'elle soit omniprésente dans notre société, l'écriture au clavier reste assez mal caractérisée. L’étudier impose de s'intéresser à l'intersection de plusieurs champs de recherche tels que la psycholinguistique, le contrôle moteur et la programmation de séquence. Le but de cette thèse était d'étudier les processus linguistiques et moteurs mis en jeu lors de l'écriture au clavier. Une première étude comportementale a démontré l'importance des processus linguistiques pour expliquer les performances d'écriture (temps de réaction, intervalles inter-frappes et proportion de réponses correctes). Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons évalué la fiabilité d’une plateforme de récolte de données en ligne pour enregistrer des séquences de frappe à grande échelle. Ensuite, trois études d'EEG ont permis de caractériser les processus de préparation de réponses motrices et leur éventuelle interaction avec des processus linguistiques. Nous avons observé à plusieurs reprises un patron d'activation/inhibition des cortex moteurs, précédemment caractérisé dans le contexte de tâches de choix forcé. Nous avons pu également observer la dépendance de cet index aux effecteurs engagés dans la séquence tapée. Les résultats présentés sont discutés en termes de processus linguistiques et moteurs sous-jacents. L'écriture au clavier se présente comme une modalité appropriée pour étudier leur interaction potentielle lors de la production écrite et la question générale de la transmission d'information entre processus cognitifs. Les données présentées ici contribuent à la caractérisation de ce comportement désormais omniprésent et ouvrent ainsi de nombreuses perspectives de recherche dans ce domaineTyping has become a ubiquitous skill in our modern information societies. It constitutes an important language production modality and probably our preferred way to produce written language. Still its investigation is rather scarce. Understanding typing behavior pertains to several research domains such as language production, motor control and sequence programming. The aim of this thesis was to characterize linguistic and motor processing during typing. The methodology combined fine grained behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) investigations.The first study aimed to assess the importance of linguistic processes during typing. It revealed a composite pattern of effects on response latencies, inter-keystroke intervals and accuracy rates. The second study assessed the reliability of an online platform to perform large-scale studies of typing skills. Then, three EEG studies aimed to characterize motor planning during typing and their putative interaction with linguistic processing. While linguistic processing was harder to trace with EEG, all three studies revealed a reliable pattern over motor cortices prior to the striking of the first keystroke of a word, interpreted as an index of motor preparation. The manipulation of effectors engaged in sequence production revealed versatile inhibitory processes dependent on the content of the sequence. The results are discussed in terms of linguistic and motor processes and their putative interactions during typed language production, contributing to the popular debate about information processing in cognitive science. This work provides novel data that pave the way to promising future investigations of typing
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Seegelke, Christian [Verfasser]. "Cognitive planning in manual action - action selection in multi-segment object manipulation tasks / Christian Seegelke." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054752206/34.
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De, Pisapia Nicola. "A framework for implicit planning : towards a cognitive/computational neuroscience theory of prefrontal cortex function." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24519.
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In this thesis we review available experimental findings on rodents, monkeys and humans, and we suggest a unifying interpretation of the role of the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in behaviour. We implement computational models to test this interpretation, and propose novel experiments. Our suggestion is, as also other researchers have proposed, that the PFC is involved in Planning, i.e. in evaluating which course of actions to execute in order to reach a goal. Unlike previous researchers, we emphasize and limit ourselves to unconscious aspects of Planning, and describe a view of this process that is quite close to Instrumental Conditioning, and doesn’t involve language, external measures of time (clocks), instructions or social interactions of any kind. Nonetheless unconscious Planning can be a quite complex activity. Under this interpretation, we show reward based computational models that, while mimicking some of the known neural properties of the PFC, can perform planning. One aspect on which we focus is the capacity of neurons in Dorsolateral PFC to code temporal information, namely when to expect task related events to occur. This is a core requirement to organize and plan complex behaviour. Another aspect on which we focus is the fundamental role played in the Planning process by the Basal Ganglia. As a plan is executed successfully several times, the Basal Ganglia build a chunked representations of the whole course of actions needed to reach a goal. At the same time the Posterior cortex retains the detailed information of how and where to execute these actions. This process allows the PFC to plan about more and more complex goals.
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Newman, Nellis Leah M. "The effects of peer interaction and cognitive ability on the planning skills of preschool children." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/952812.
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The ability related differences and the role of peer interaction in preschool children's planning skill on a sociocultural task was investigated. Shopping routes through a model grocery store were planned by 50 children ranging in age from 3 years, 2 months to 5 years, 11 months. There were 30 children with average ability (Differential Ability Scales GCA score 85-115) and 20 children with high ability (DAS scores above 120). All subjects planned a total of five shopping trips. The first and last trips were completed alone, while the three middle trips were either completed alone, with a same-ability peer, or with a mixed-ability peer.Data were analyzed with a series of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) with a within-subjects factor representing the measures of planning skill across Lists 2, 3, and 4. Preschool-aged children did not differ in planning skill on the basis of cognitive ability at the onset of the task. Dyads planned more efficient routes than individuals and also employed a more mature item location strategy. Children of average ability improved in planning performance from List One to List Five regardless of the ability level of their partner during Lists 2, 3, and 4. High ability preschoolers performed equally well when working alone, with a peer of same ability, or with a peer of less ability.Dyads of average children working together engaged in arguments and disagreements concerning the task but planned less efficient routes than did dyads of high-ability children. Mixed-ability dyads and those of high ability peers planned more efficient routes but engaged in little discussion. Thus, average children working together may have experienced growth in social competence as a result of social conflict concerning the social problem solving task. Such advances were most likely minimal for children in mixed-ability and high ability dyads. Advances in social competence may be of primary importance for preschool aged children. Future research should seek to clarify the relationship between ability and peer interaction in an effort to identify the features of social interaction which are necessary for cognitive growth.Department of Educational Psychology
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Warrick, Pamela Dianne. "Investigation of the PASS model (planning, attention, simultaneous, successive) of cognitive processing and mathematics achievement /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487676261010362.
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Walters, Marie E. "The cognitive complexity of event-driven replanning: Managing cascading secondary disruptions in aeromedical evacuation planning /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943610784324.
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Al-Araji, Ahmed. "Design of a cognitive neural predictive controller for mobile robot." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7068.
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In this thesis, a cognitive neural predictive controller system has been designed to guide a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot during continuous and non-continuous trajectory tracking and to navigate through static obstacles with collision-free and minimum tracking error. The structure of the controller consists of two layers; the first layer is a neural network system that controls the mobile robot actuators in order to track a desired path. The second layer of the controller is cognitive layer that collects information from the environment and plans the optimal path. In addition to this, it detects if there is any obstacle in the path so it can be avoided by re-planning the trajectory using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique. Two neural networks models are used: the first model is modified Elman recurrent neural network model that describes the kinematic and dynamic model of the mobile robot and it is trained off-line and on-line stages to guarantee that the outputs of the model will accurately represent the actual outputs of the mobile robot system. The trained neural model acts as the position and orientation identifier. The second model is feedforward multi-layer perceptron neural network that describes a feedforward neural controller and it is trained off-line and its weights are adapted on-line to find the reference torques, which controls the steady-state outputs of the mobile robot system. The feedback neural controller is based on the posture neural identifier and quadratic performance index predictive optimisation algorithm for N step-ahead prediction in order to find the optimal torque action in the transient to stabilise the tracking error of the mobile robot system when the trajectory of the robot is drifted from the desired path during transient state. Three controller methodologies were developed: the first is the feedback neural controller; the second is the nonlinear PID neural feedback controller and the third is nonlinear inverse dynamic neural feedback controller, based on the back-stepping method and Lyapunov criterion. The main advantages of the presented approaches are to plan an optimal path for itself avoiding obstructions by using intelligent (PSO) technique as well as the analytically derived control law, which has significantly high computational accuracy with predictive optimisation technique to obtain the optimal torques control action and lead to minimum tracking error of the mobile robot for different types of trajectories. The proposed control algorithm has been applied to monitor a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot, has demonstrated the capability of tracking different trajectories with continuous gradients (lemniscates and circular) or non-continuous gradients (square) with bounded external disturbances and static obstacles. Simulations results and experimental work showed the effectiveness of the proposed cognitive neural predictive control algorithm; this is demonstrated by the minimised tracking error to less than (1 cm) and obtained smoothness of the torque control signal less than maximum torque (0.236 N.m), especially when external disturbances are applied and navigating through static obstacles. Results show that the five steps-ahead prediction algorithm has better performance compared to one step-ahead for all the control methodologies because of a more complex control structure and taking into account future values of the desired one, not only the current value, as with one step-ahead method. The mean-square error method is used for each component of the state error vector to compare between each of the performance control methodologies in order to give better control results.
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Emmett, Catherine Parsons. "Exploring the Advance Care Planning Experiences among Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Individual and Spousal Perspectives." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4313.
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Advance Care Planning has been advocated for over 20 years as a way in which individuals who are no longer able to speak for themselves, may still convey their preferences regarding a wide of array of decisions, including medical care. Advance care planning may not be initiated by individuals for many reasons, and even when initiated, may not be specific enough to help guide decision making. Recent advance care planning models have utilized disease specific information to help guide end of life health care decision-making. Persons diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment face an increased possibility of developing dementia at some point in the future, but may retain decision making capability for a window of time, and thus the opportunity to participate in advance care planning. The advance care planning experiences of individuals with mild cognitive impairment have not been extensively studied.
This study explored the advance care planning experiences of persons with mild cognitive impairment and their care partners' understanding and views of advance care planning, and if the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment affects the advance care planning practices of these two groups. A convenience sample of 10 individuals with mild cognitive impairment and their 10 care partners (n=20) were recruited and interviewed. Using a grounded theory qualitative analysis approach, four themes were identified (1) decreased awareness regarding advance care planning from individuals with mild cognitive impairment versus a heightened awareness for the care partners; 2) the preference for comfort care measures only; 3) preferences for future end of life healthcare decisions largely influenced by previous end of life experiences with family and friends; and 4) lack of discussion of end of life healthcare decisions related to dementia and/or artificial nutrition and hydration by physicians or other healthcare providers. In addition two latent themes emerged including from the care partners, the importance of the mild cognitive impairment support group and lawyers for advance care planning and from both care partners and the mild cognitive impairment participants, trying to maintain autonomy, to `hang on' to self were identified. Study implications include the need for structured advance care planning interventions with individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment to focus on common end of life scenarios, such as whether to use artificial nutrition and hydration, which will require future surrogate decision making.
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Voshell, Martin G. "Planning Support for Running Large Scale Exercises as Learning Laboratories." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1238162734.
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Northrup, Ashley. "Using functional assessment and intervention planning with a single-case study of a child with cognitive disability." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007northrupa.pdf.
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Ferguson, Smith Ayanay Camille. "The Predictive Contributions of Spatial Planning to Adaptive and Cognitive Functioning in Children Diagnosed with Brain Tumors." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/17.
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To date, the effect of planning ability on adaptive functioning has not been extensively examined in children treated for brain tumors. Findings indicate that individuals with brain tumors are more likely to experience poor planning ability (Boyd & Sautter, 1993) and that children with even mild neurological complications demonstrate impairments in adaptive functioning (Fletcher et al., 1990). The purpose of this study is to assess spatial planning and to examine its utility in predicting adaptive and cognitive functional impairment in children diagnosed and treated for brain tumors. Forty children diagnosed with a brain tumor (mean age at diagnosis 8.6 years) were administered the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) task, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:IV) at an average of one year post diagnosis (post acute) and again at two years post diagnosis (long term). The results of this investigation did not support the use of spatial planning skills as a predictor of adaptive functioning at one year or two years post diagnosis. However, spatial planning skill was an important predictor of cognitive functioning, accounting for a significant amount of variance at both one year and two years post diagnosis. These results were not expected and therefore further analyses were performed in order to better understand the data and results. Additional analyses suggest that it is spatial skill and not spatial planning that predicts adaptive functioning. Further research should continue to ask questions that will impact how we understand executive, adaptive, and cognitive functioning outcomes in children diagnosed with brain tumors.
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Röser, Andrea [Verfasser], and Hanspeter A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mallot. "The role of cognitive load in navigational walking, planning and recall / Andrea Röser ; Betreuer: Hanspeter A. Mallot." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168634741/34.
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Flanagan, Dawn Patricia. "The planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive (PASS) model of cognitive processing and its relationship to academic achievement /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487775034180146.
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Fandino, Emily Christine. "The importance of differentiated instruction to student involvement, motivation, and learning." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3404.
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This study was focused on what differentiated instruction is, what it takes to have a differentiated classroom, and if differentiated instruction really helps increase student motivation, engagement, and learning. Two classes of eighth grade students were taken through the process of differentiating assignments using four ways differentiation can take place: variety, choice, relevance, and centers.