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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive penetration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 November 2024

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1

Liao, Jiejie, Yidong Yang, Zhili Han, and Lei Mo. "The Critical Trigger for Cognitive Penetration: Cognitive Processing Priority over Perceptual Processing." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 8 (July 24, 2024): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14080632.

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The visual perception system of humans is susceptible to cognitive influence, which implies the existence of cognitive perception. However, the specifical trigger for cognitive penetration is still a matter of controversy. The current study proposed that the cognitive processing priority over perceptual processing might be critical for inducing cognitive penetration. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating the processing priority between cognition and perception across three experiments where participants were asked to complete a size-judging task under different competing conditions between cognition and perception. To sum up, we proved that the cognitive processing priority over perceptual processing is critical for cognitive penetration. This study provided empirical evidence for the critical trigger for cognitive penetration.

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2

Burnston, Daniel C. "Cognitive penetration and the cognition–perception interface." Synthese 194, no. 9 (May 12, 2016): 3645–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1116-y.

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3

Vahid, Hamid. "COGNITIVE PENETRATION, THE DOWNGRADE PRINCIPLE, AND EXTENDED COGNITION." Philosophical Issues 24, no. 1 (September 23, 2014): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phis.12042.

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4

Grunewald, Alexander. "Neurophysiology indicates cognitive penetration of the visual system." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99372022.

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Short-term memory, nonattentional task effects and nonspatial extraretinal representations in the visual system are signs of cognitive penetration. All of these have been found physiologically, arguing against the cognitive impenetrability of vision as a whole. Instead, parallel subcircuits in the brain, each subserving a different competency including sensory and cognitive (and in some cases motor) aspects, may have cognitively impenetrable components.

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5

Arstila, Valtteri. "Cognitive penetration, hypnosis and imagination." Analysis 77, no. 1 (January 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anx048.

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Burnston, Daniel C. "Correction to: Cognitive penetration and the cognition–perception interface." Synthese 196, no. 8 (October 4, 2018): 3459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-01967-z.

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7

Lyons, Jack C. "INFERENTIALISM AND COGNITIVE PENETRATION OF PERCEPTION." Episteme 13, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2015.60.

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AbstractCognitive penetration of perception is the idea that what we see (hear, taste, etc.) is influenced by such “cognitive” states as beliefs, expectations, and so on. A perceptual belief that results from cognitive penetration may be less justified than a nonpenetrated one. Inferentialism is a kind of internalist view that tries to account for this by claiming that (a) some experiences are epistemically evaluable, on the basis of why the perceiver has that experience, and (b) the familiar canons of good inference provide the appropriate standards by which experiences are evaluated. I examine recent defenses of inferentialism by Susanna Siegel, Peter Markie, and Matthew McGrath and argue that the prospects for inferentialism are dim.

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8

Gatzia, Dimitria Electra. "Cognitive Penetration and Memory Colour Effects." Erkenntnis 84, no. 1 (November 6, 2017): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-017-9951-x.

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9

Raftopoulos, Athanassios. "Cognitive Penetration Lite and Nonconceptual Content." Erkenntnis 82, no. 5 (December 16, 2016): 1097–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-016-9861-3.

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10

Teng, Lu. "Cognitive Penetration, Imagining, and the Downgrade Thesis." Philosophical Topics 44, no. 2 (2016): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics201644229.

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Stokes, Dustin. "Cognitive Penetration and the Perception of Art." Dialectica 68, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12049.

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12

Cecchi, Ariel S. "Cognitive Penetration, Perceptual Learning and Neural Plasticity." Dialectica 68, no. 1 (March 2014): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12051.

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13

Burnston, Daniel C. "Is aesthetic experience evidence for cognitive penetration?" New Ideas in Psychology 47 (December 2017): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2017.03.012.

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14

Silins, Nicholas. "Cognitive Penetration and the Epistemology of Perception." Philosophy Compass 11, no. 1 (January 2016): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12292.

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15

Ghijsen, Harmen. "The real epistemic problem of cognitive penetration." Philosophical Studies 173, no. 6 (September 5, 2015): 1457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-015-0558-2.

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16

Vance, Jona. "Cognitive Penetration and the Tribunal of Experience." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6, no. 4 (July 17, 2014): 641–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0197-0.

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17

Vetter, Petra, and Albert Newen. "Varieties of cognitive penetration in visual perception." Consciousness and Cognition 27 (July 2014): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.04.007.

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18

Arstila, Valtteri. "When is cognitive penetration a plausible explanation?" Consciousness and Cognition 59 (March 2018): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.12.003.

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19

Arstila, Valtteri. "Perceptual Learning Explains Two Candidates for Cognitive Penetration." Erkenntnis 81, no. 6 (November 14, 2015): 1151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-015-9785-3.

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20

Macpherson, Fiona. "The relationship between cognitive penetration and predictive coding." Consciousness and Cognition 47 (January 2017): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.04.001.

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21

Cecchi, Ariel S. "Cognitive penetration of early vision in face perception." Consciousness and Cognition 63 (August 2018): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.06.005.

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22

Kolinsky, Régine, and José Morais. "We all are Rembrandt experts – or, How task dissociations in school learning effects support the discontinuity hypothesis." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99392025.

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We argue that cognitive penetration in non-early vision extends beyond the special situations considered by Pylyshyn. Many situations which do not involve difficult stimuli or require expert skills nevertheless load on high-level cognitive processes. School learning effects illustrate this point: they provide a way to observe task dissociations which support the discontinuity hypothesis, but they show that the scope of visual cognition in our visual experience is often underestimated.

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23

Green, E. J. "The Perception-Cognition Border: A Case for Architectural Division." Philosophical Review 129, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 323–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8311221.

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A venerable view holds that a border between perception and cognition is built into our cognitive architecture and that this imposes limits on the way information can flow between them. While the deliverances of perception are freely available for use in reasoning and inference, there are strict constraints on information flow in the opposite direction. Despite its plausibility, this approach to the perception-cognition border has faced criticism in recent years. This article develops an updated version of the architectural approach, which I call the dimension restriction hypothesis (DRH). According to DRH, perceptual processes are constrained to compute over a bounded range of dimensions, while cognitive processes are not. This view allows that perception is cognitively penetrable, but places strict limits on the varieties of penetration that can occur. The article argues that DRH enjoys both theoretical and empirical support, and also defends the view against several objections.

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Macpherson, Fiona. "Cognitive Penetration and Predictive Coding: A Commentary on Lupyan." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6, no. 4 (May 9, 2015): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-015-0254-3.

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Vance, Jona, and Dustin Stokes. "Noise, uncertainty, and interest: Predictive coding and cognitive penetration." Consciousness and Cognition 47 (January 2017): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.06.007.

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26

Пономарёв, Андрей Игоревич. "NON-CONCEPTUAL CONTENT OF EXPERIENCE AND COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PENETRATION." Логико-философские штудии, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52119/lphs.2022.67.82.009.

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Проблема содержания ментальных состояний привлекает много внимания современных исследователей восприятия. Содержание переживаний носит неконцептуальный характер, в то время как содержание когнитивных состояний - концептуальный. Когнитивное проникновение в восприятие даёт основания для скептицизма, поскольку только независимые перцептивные переживания могут быть основанием для убеждений. В рамках подхода А. Рафтопулоса показано, что раннее зрение непроницаемо для когнитивных состояний, что позволяет преодолеть скептицизм. Однако этот подход не лишён недостатков, главным из которых оказывается акцент на зрительном восприятии. The problem of the content of mental states attracts much attention in the contemporary philosophy of perception. The content of perceptual experience is non-conceptual, whereas content of cognitive states is conceptual. Cognitive perceptual penetration gives a reason to skepticism because only independent perceptual experiences can be grounds for believes. Within the approach professed by Athanassios Raftopoulos, it is shown that early vision is impenetrable for cognitive states, which could be a promising answer to skepticism. However, this approach is not free from weaknesses, of which the principal one is its focus on visual perception.

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27

Frolov, Konstantin G., and Andrei I. Ponomarev. "Color Concepts as a Factor of Cognitive Penetration of Perception." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 59, no. 2 (2022): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202259229.

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The aim of the paper is to analyse the influence of linguistic concepts of an agent on the qualitative aspects of her perception. We examine conceptualist and non-conceptualist approaches to the problem of what the content of perceptions is. The conceptualist approach asserts that the content of perception is similar to the content of beliefs: both types of content are assumed to be expressible in language. The non-conceptualist approach to the content of perception assumes that the content of perception cannot be conceptualized due to too much information available to the agent through visual perception. However, the assumption about non-conceptual content of perception leads to some serious difficulties with explaining the phenomenon of cognitive penetration of perception. This is an empirically established fact that some cognitive states may influence on the qualitative aspects of agent’s perception. We show that cognitive penetration of perception implies that perception and those cognitive states which affect it should have comparable content and this mechanism is based on the influence of expectations on perception.

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28

Rhodes, Gillian, and Michael L. Kalish. "Cognitive penetration: Would we know it if we saw it?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99492027.

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How can the impenetrability hypothesis be empirically tested? We comment on the role of signal detection measures, suggesting that context effects on discriminations for which post-perceptual cues are irrelevant, or on neural activity associated with early vision, would challenge impenetrability. We also note the great computational power of the proposed pre-perceptual attention processes and consider the implications for testability of the theory.

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29

Arstila, Valtteri. "Erratum to: Perceptual Learning Explains Two Candidates for Cognitive Penetration." Erkenntnis 81, no. 5 (June 30, 2016): 1149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-016-9827-5.

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30

Bordonaba-Plou, David. "Cognitive penetration and taste predicates: making an exception to the rule." Filosofia Unisinos 22, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/fsu.2021.221.02.

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The relevance of cognitive penetration has been pointed out concerning three fields within philosophy: philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, and epistemology. This paper argues that this phenomenon is also relevant to the philosophy of language. First, I will defend that there are situations where ethical, social, or cultural rules can affect our taste perceptions. This influence can cause speakers to utter conflicting contents that lead them to disagree and, subsequently, to negotiate the circumstances of application of the taste predicates they have used to describe or express their taste perceptions. Then, to account for the proper dynamics of these cases, I will develop a theoretical framework build upon two elements: the Lewisian idea of the score of a conversation (Lewis, 1979), and Richard’s (2008) taxonomy of the different attitudes speakers can have in taste disagreements. In a nutshell, I will argue that speakers can accommodate these conflicting contents as exceptions to the rule that determines the circumstances of application of taste predicates.Keywords: Cognitive penetration, Common ground, Circumstances of application, Accommodation, Exceptions, Score of the conversation, Taste predicates.

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31

Tucker, Chris. "If Dogmatists Have a Problem with Cognitive Penetration, You Do Too." Dialectica 68, no. 1 (March 2014): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12050.

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32

Greenwood, John D. "Simulation, Theory-Theory and Cognitive Penetration: No 'Instance of the Fingerpost'." Mind and Language 14, no. 1 (March 1999): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00102.

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33

Pylyshyn, Zenon. "Is vision continuous with cognition?: The case for cognitive impenetrability of visual perception." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99002022.

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Although the study of visual perception has made more progress in the past 40 years than any other area of cognitive science, there remain major disagreements as to how closely vision is tied to cognition. This target article sets out some of the arguments for both sides (arguments from computer vision, neuroscience, psychophysics, perceptual learning, and other areas of vision science) and defends the position that an important part of visual perception, corresponding to what some people have called early vision, is prohibited from accessing relevant expectations, knowledge, and utilities in determining the function it computes – in other words, it is cognitively impenetrable. That part of vision is complex and involves top-down interactions that are internal to the early vision system. Its function is to provide a structured representation of the 3-D surfaces of objects sufficient to serve as an index into memory, with somewhat different outputs being made available to other systems such as those dealing with motor control. The paper also addresses certain conceptual and methodological issues raised by this claim, such as whether signal detection theory and event-related potentials can be used to assess cognitive penetration of vision.A distinction is made among several stages in visual processing, including, in addition to the inflexible early-vision stage, a pre-perceptual attention-allocation stage and a post-perceptual evaluation, selection, and inference stage, which accesses long-term memory. These two stages provide the primary ways in which cognition can affect the outcome of visual perception. The paper discusses arguments from computer vision and psychology showing that vision is “intelligent” and involves elements of “problem solving.” The cases of apparently intelligent interpretation sometimes cited in support of this claim do not show cognitive penetration; rather, they show that certain natural constraints on interpretation, concerned primarily with optical and geometrical properties of the world, have been compiled into the visual system. The paper also examines a number of examples where instructions and “hints” are alleged to affect what is seen. In each case it is concluded that the evidence is more readily assimilated to the view that when cognitive effects are found, they have a locus outside early vision, in such processes as the allocation of focal attention and the identification of the stimulus.

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34

Farennikova, Anna. "Perception of Absence and Penetration from Expectation." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6, no. 4 (June 20, 2014): 621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0188-1.

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35

Jupp, J. J. "Fisher and Cleveland Barrier and Penetration Scores: Correlations with Rorschach Category Scores." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3-1 (December 1989): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125890693-156.

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Rorschach content responses which ascribe protecting and containing qualities to objects define the 1968 Fisher and Cleveland barrier index while flattened-open-fuzzy responses define their penetration index. in some samples the indices relate as a bipolar dimension, in others they are not correlated. However, in both cases there is evidence that indices assess behaviours and experiences associated with aspects of body-image boundary. It has been claimed that types of barrier responses may be unrelated and so associated with different psychological experience. It has also been suggested that correlations between indices and other variables, taken as support for their construct validity as a measure of body-image boundary are artefactual, specifically, that they represent established correlations between other Rorschach content scores and behaviours and experiences. This study examined relationships among types of barrier scores, penetration scores (obtained by different methods) and Rorschach category scores. All barrier scores were positively correlated, all penetration scores were positively related, and all barrier and penetration scores were negatively correlated. Explicable relationships were found between body boundary index scores and a few Rorschach category scores. A bipolar barrier penetration and a separate penetration dimension were isolated. The implications of these results vis à vis Fisher's 1986 contentions about the nature of boundary scores was discussed.

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36

Newen, Albert, Francesco Marchi, and Peter Brössel. "Introduction – Cognitive penetration and predictive coding. Pushing the debate forward with the recent achievements of cognitive science." Consciousness and Cognition 47 (January 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.12.001.

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37

Gonzales, Nicolas C. "Identification and Appearance as Epistemic Groundwork." Logos & Episteme 14, no. 4 (2023): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202314431.

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The idea that appearances provide justifications for beliefs—the principle of phenomenal conservatism—is self-evidently true. In the case of cognitive penetration, however, it seems that certain irrational etiologies of a belief may influence the epistemic quality of that belief. Susanna Siegel argues that these etiologies lead to ‘epistemic downgrade.’ Instead of providing us with a decisive objection, cognitive penetration calls for us to clarify our epistemic framework by understanding the formative parts of appearances. In doing so, the two different but inseparable ideas of sensation and intellection provide us with a basis of our appearances. These appearances, in turn, provide us with the objective evidence needed to test our judgements. Thus, the extra-sensory concepts of intellectual identification and the appearances they help form become an epistemic groundwork.

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Polyakov, V. M., I. A. Cherevikova, N. A. Myasishchev, L. V. Rychkova, A. S. Kosovtseva, A. S. Votineva, Zh V. Prokhorova, and S. I. Kolesnikov. "Cognitive and emotional impairments associated with COVID-19 (literature review)." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 7, no. 6 (December 29, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2022-7.6.7.

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Background. Currently, there are two main areas of study of the impact of a new coronavirus infection on mental processes: the first is in connection with the regime of self-isolation and restrictions in a pandemic; the second – with the impact of the pathological process itself and the post-covid syndrome on the central nervous system. The results of the studies indicate the relationship of this infection with local lesions of the brain and the corresponding disturbances in the functioning of mental processes.The aim of the research. To systematize and analyze the results of studies on the main routes of penetration of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the central nervous system, cognitive and emotional disorders in people who have recovered from COVID-19, and to discuss the areas of psychological rehabilitation for this group of patients.Materials and methods. Information search was carried out using Internet resources (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, bmj.com, eLibrary.ru, frontiersin.org, sciencedirect. com, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), literature sources were analyzed for the period from May of 2020 to November of 2021 for the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cognitive functions, cognitions, cognitive impairments, emotional dysfunction, affective dysfunction.Results. According to the analysis of the literature, most researchers identify the neurogenic pathway of SARS-CoV-2 penetration into the CNS, as well as penetration through the bloodstream or through cerebral lymphatic drainage, which are a possible cause of mental disorders of a neurological nature. Correction of these violations involves the creation of a comprehensive system of rehabilitation with the inclusion of psychotherapeutic methods.Conclusions. Despite the lack of a single picture describing the specifics of cognitive and affective symptoms in COVID-19, in the most general terms, there is a certain consensus. So, quite often, post-COVID cognitive symptoms are characterized by impaired memory and attention, and post-COVID affective symptoms are characterized by increased levels of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. The issues of diagnosis and correction of disorders in post-COVID syndrome and the admissibility of the existence of this diagnosis are still relevant.

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39

Wu, Wayne. "Shaking Up the Mind’s Ground Floor: The Cognitive Penetration of Visual Attention." Journal of Philosophy 114, no. 1 (2017): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil201711411.

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Cieślik, Paulina, Adrianna Radulska, Grzegorz Burnat, Leszek Kalinowski, and Joanna M. Wierońska. "Serotonergic–Muscarinic Interaction within the Prefrontal Cortex as a Novel Target to Reverse Schizophrenia-Related Cognitive Symptoms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168612.

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Recent studies revealed that the activation of serotonergic 5-HT1A and muscarinic M1, M4, or M5 receptors prevent MK-801-induced cognitive impairments in animal models. In the present study, the effectiveness of the simultaneous activation of 5-HT1A and muscarinic receptors at preventing MK-801-induced cognitive deficits in novel object recognition (NOR) or Y-maze tests was investigated. Activators of 5-HT1A (F15599), M1 (VU0357017), M4 (VU0152100), or M5 (VU0238429) receptors administered at top doses for seven days reversed MK-801-induced deficits in the NOR test, similar to the simultaneous administration of subeffective doses of F15599 (0.05 mg/kg) with VU0357017 (0.15 mg/kg), VU0152100 (0.05 mg/kg), or VU0238429 (1 mg/kg). The compounds did not prevent the MK-801-induced impairment when administered acutely. Their activity was less evident in the Y-maze. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed high brain penetration of F15599 (brain/plasma ratio 620%), which was detected in the frontal cortex (FC) up to 2 h after administration. Decreases in the brain penetration properties of the compounds were observed after acute administration of the combinations, which might have influenced behavioral responses. This negative effect on brain penetration was not observed when the compounds were administered repeatedly. Based on our results, prolonged administration of a 5-HT1A activator with muscarinic receptor ligands may be effective at reversing cognitive decline related to schizophrenia, and the FC may play a critical role in this interaction.

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Dias-Amaral, Ana, and André Marques-Pinto. "Female Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: Review of the Related Factors and Overall Approach." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 12 (November 14, 2018): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675805.

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AbstractGenito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD) can be an extremely bothersome condition for patients, and a tough challenge for professionals regarding its assessment and treatment. The goal of the present paper is to review the etiology, assessment, and treatment of GPPPD, especially focusing on the cognitive aspects of the disease and cognitive-behavioral treatment options, through a non-systematic review of articles indexed to the Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the following MeSH queries: pelvic pain; dyspareunia; vaginismus; vulvodynia; and cognitive therapy. Altogether, 36 articles discussing the etiology, diagnosis and management of GPPPD were selected. We provide an overview of GPPPD based on biological, psychological and relational factors, emphasizing the last two. We also summarize the available medical treatments and provide strategies to approach the psychological trigger and persisting factors for the patient and the partner. Professionals should be familiarized with the factors underlining the problem, and should be able to provide helpful suggestions to guide the couple out of the GPPPD fear-avoidance circle.

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42

Roozbeh, Nasibeh, Vida Ghasemi, Sepideh Rezaei Ghamsari, and Mojdeh Banaei. "Sexual Cognition Among Iranian Women With Genital Pelvic Pain Disorder: A Short Communication." Journal of Education and Community Health 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.2122.

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Background: Genital misconceptions can lead to sex avoidance in women with genital pelvic pain and penetration disorder (GPPPD). Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the sexual cognition of Iranian women with GPPPD. Methods: This comparative analytical descriptive study was performed on 200 GPPPD and non-GPPPD Iranian women who referred to women’s clinics in Hormozgan province in 2021. In this study, availability samples were used, and data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a localized vaginal penetration cognitive questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, and the significance level was assumed to be 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.14±5.44 years. Mean scores for negative self-images, and catastrophic and control cognition were higher in the GPPPD group compared to the non-GPPPD group (P<0.001), while the mean scores of positive cognitions in the GPPPD group were lower (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the beliefs and knowledge of women with GPPD should be corrected to promote their sexual health. Interventions should be designed to meet the needs of this group to improve sexual relationships and avoid sexual tension.

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43

Newen, Albert, and Petra Vetter. "Why cognitive penetration of our perceptual experience is still the most plausible account." Consciousness and Cognition 47 (January 2017): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.005.

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44

Nunez, Paul L. "Neocortical dynamic theory should be as simple as possible, but not simpler." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 3 (June 2000): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00403250.

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EEG and synaptic action fields provide experimental and theoretical entry points into brain complexity. Such entry is distinguished from the core system of cell assemblies assumed to underlie cognitive processing. The global theory of synaptic action predicts several new properties of EEG, providing limited penetration into brain complexity.

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Song, Chao, Chao Gao, and Zhenxin Wang. "Grape-Seed-Derived Procyanidin Attenuates Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Suppressing MMP-9 Activity and Related Blood–Brain-Barrier Damage." Brain Sciences 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050571.

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(1) Background: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is often observed in cancer patients and impairs their life quality. Grape-seed-orientated procyanidin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, yet its effects in preventing CICI have not been investigated. (2) Method: Adult male mice received 2.3 mg/kg cisplatin or saline injections for three cycles consisting of five daily injections followed by 5 days of rest. Procyanidin or saline was administered 1 h prior to cisplatin treatment. Cognitive testing, gelatin zymography, and blood–brain-barrier (BBB) penetration tests were performed after treatment cessation. RAW264.7 cells were treated by stimulated supernatant of SHSY5Y cells. In addition, high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) expression and MMP-9 activity were tested. (3) Results: Repeated cisplatin treatment increased BBB penetration, MMP-9 activity, impaired performance in contextual fear conditioning, and novel object recognition tasks. The knockout of MMP-9 rescues cognitive impairment and cisplatin-induced upregulation of HMGB1 in SHSY5Y cells. HMGB1/TLR4/IP3K/AKT signaling contributes to the increased MMP-9 activity in RAW264.7 cells. Procyanidin treatment attenuates MMP-9 activity, BBB damage, and CICI. (4) Conclusions: The results indicated that MMP-9 activation and BBB disruption is involved in CICI. Procyanidin may effectively alleviate the harmful effects of cisplatin.

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Shemyakin, Yakov. "Again to the Question of the Specifics of Humanitarian Knowledge in the Light of the Issues of Comparative Civilizational Studies." ISTORIYA 12, no. 8 (106) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016465-0.

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The author of the article aims to reveal the content of M. M. Bakhtin's statements about the specificity of the humanities in the light of the problems of comparative civilizational analysis in the context of modern cognitive research. The focus is on Bakhtin's idea that in the humanities the criterion is not the accuracy of cognition, but the depth of penetration. Acording to the author, the sense in which Bakhtin uses the term “depth” is the basis on which a man's process of creating his world unfolds. And this basis is nothing other than dialogical communication, which is treated as an analogue of the life process in the “world of people”. According to the author, the content of this communication is a polylogue of three paradigms of universal (heritage of archaic, the first “axial time” according to K. Jaspers and the second “axial time” - the era of modernization according to Sh. Eisenstadt and others) and local dimensions of any human existence at all levels ranging from the individual to civilization. Revealing the meaning of the second component of Bakhtin's original metaphor, the author emphasizes that we are talking about “penetration” into the spiritual space of the “Other”, i.e. another participant of the dialogue. In this case the depth of penetration into the “other” human reality presupposes the maximum possible completeness of coverage of this reality. Therefore, the criterion of the depth of penetration into the “Other” is the degree of coverage of all the basic dimensions (levels) of its structure. The author analyzes this structure, highlighting its main components.

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VILCHYNSKA, TETIANA, HALYNA BACHYNSKA, and OKSANA VERBOVETSKA. "THE PECULIARITIES OF PREPARATION OF A TEACHER-PHILOLOGIST BY MEANS OF THE ELECTIVE COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC COURSES." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 1 (July 14, 2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.22.1.8.

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The article is devoted to the problem of training a teacher of Philology by means of elective cognitive linguistic courses. On the one hand, the penetration of cognitivism in various fields of humanities, the urgent need to create a new understanding of the role of languages in the processes of cognition and comprehension of the world, the essence and functioning of the mental lexicon, including proper names, and deep relationships between history and culture, on the other hand, not less critical need for specialists ready to work in the new Ukrainian school, able to understand languages in cognitive processes, to implement a socio-cultural approach to language and speech material, determine the relevance of the proposed topic. Except for this, we also considered that nowadays, the students’ training includes the curriculum with at least 25 % of credits for elective courses, which ensures the implementation of a student-centred approach to learning. The article aimed to find out the peculiarities of the training of a teacher-philologist in the study of such elective disciplines of the language cycle as “Cognitive Linguistics”, “Cognitive Onomastics” and “Ukrainian Ethnolinguistics in the Cognitive Dimension”. To achieve this goal, the example of studying individual topics has shown how to optimize the learning process. In particular, short theses on the mentioned topics, control questions, tasks for independent work and literature review are offered. The conclusion is made about the advantages of both lectures and practical training. If during the lectures, students should, first of all, master the terminology and master the theoretical knowledge, then at the workshops, they ought to acquire skills of conceptual analysis, learn to model and structure concepts, understand language as a creative product of ethnosociety, and proper names - as units of the mental lexicon. The observations allowed us to conclude that the study of these disciplines is of great theoretical and practical importance. Theoretical value includes the assimilation of linguistic information to understand the cognitive mechanisms and role of language in them, the processes of ethnogenesis, and the functioning of language units in the mental lexicon; the practical one lies in need to develop students’ skills to use knowledge in future teaching. In general, the study outlined several problems caused by the penetration of cognitivism in language, which require further in-depth analysis, especially in terms of Linguodidactics.

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White, Peter, and Alan Milne. "Visual impressions of penetration in the perception of objects in motion." Visual Cognition 10, no. 5 (June 2003): 605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506280344000013.

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Cross, Helen M., Marc I. Combrinck, and John A. Joska. "HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Antiretroviral regimen, central nervous system penetration effectiveness, and cognitive outcomes." South African Medical Journal 103, no. 10 (September 18, 2013): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.6677.

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Elman, Jeffrey L., and James L. McClelland. "Cognitive penetration of the mechanisms of perception: Compensation for coarticulation of lexically restored phonemes." Journal of Memory and Language 27, no. 2 (April 1988): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-596x(88)90071-x.

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