Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognitive mapping'
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Woolley, Robin. "Managing innovation through cognitive mapping." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10753.
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Innovation is an important element of strategic management (2003), and most product innovations involve cross-functional teams (Cooper and Kleinschmidt, 1994) who have some difficulty in developing a shared understanding of a particular innovation problem, which can often be characterised as a complex ill-structured problem (described as a task). This study uses an action research approach (Eden and Huxham, 1996) to explore how to develop a shared vocabulary and understanding of a task and then how to direct its growth and development. From a review of relevant literature, five dominant influencing factors emerged that impact on a team's capability to manage the task. These dominant influencing factors are the teams: shared cognition, creative processes, task relevant knowledge development, team role development and task tracking. These were used as the building blocks in an architectural innovation. The researchers experience in innovation projects in industry and with MBA students on smaller project re-enforced this literature review. An iterative action research process involving 160 interviews was then used to develop a new framework that positively impacted on these five dominant influencing factors in seven organisations. The seven companies selected were all at the early stage of exploring an ill-structured innovative opportunity, which formed the basis of the tasks for the various teams. These varied in their nature but all required architectural knowledge development in cross functional teams ranging from four to seven people. The framework uses as its building blocks existing established models and approaches from different disciplines.
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Turner, Phil. "The cognitive mapping of virtual space." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5098/.
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Kasturirangan, Rajesh 1971. "Mapping spatial relations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28313.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-160).
One of the fundamental issues in cognitive science is the problem of grounding concepts in the perceptual world. In this thesis, I present a computational theory for how spatial relations are grounded in the perceptual world. Three constraints are critical to this theory: abstractness, groundedness and flexibility all of which need to be satisfied in order to explain the structure of spatial concepts. I then show how a formal framework, based on the mathematical notions of category theory can be used to model the grounding problem. The key computational ideas are that of minimal mapping and derivations. A minimal mapping of two categories, A and B, is the "smallest' category, C, that contains A and B. A derivation is a sequence of categories that follow a minimal mapping rule. Derivations and minimal mappings are used to model three domains - the semantics of prepositions, the structure of a toy "Jigsaw World" and the semantics of generic terms and quantifiers. In each case, I show how the computational theory gives rise to insights that are not available upon a purely empirical analysis. In particular, the derivational account shows the importance of stable, non-accidental features and of multiple scales in spatial cognition.
by Rajesh Kasturirangan.
Ph.D.
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Blair, Lisa M. "Cognitive Risk Mapping in Low Birthweight Children." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153202738375901.
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Wong, Chee Kit. "Cognitive inspired mapping by an autonomous mobile robot." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/427.
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When animals explore a new environment, they do not acquire a precise map of the places visited. In fact, research has shown that learning is a recurring process. Over time, new information helps the animal to update their perception of the locations it has visited. Yet, they are still able to use the fuzzy and often incomplete representation to find their way home. This process has been termed the cognitive mapping process. The work presented in this thesis uses a mobile robot equipped with sonar sensors to investigate the nature of such a process. Specifically, what is the information that is fundamental and prevalent in spatial navigation? Initially, the robot is instructed to compute a “cognitive map” of its environment. Since a robot is not a cognitive agent, it cannot, by definition, compute a cognitive map. Hence the robot is used as a test bed for understanding the cognitive mapping process. Yeap’s (1988) theory of cognitive mapping forms the foundation for computing the robot’s representation of the places it has visited. He argued that a network of local spaces is computed early in the cognitive mapping process. Yeap coined these local spaces as Absolute Space Representations (ASRs). However, ASR is not just a process of partitioning the environment into smaller local regions. The ASRs describe the bounded space that one is in, how one could leave that space (exits) and how the exits serves to link the ASRs to form a network that serves as the cognitive map (see Jefferies (1999)). Like the animal’s cognitive map, ASRs are not precise geometrical maps of the environment but rather, provide a rough shape or feel of the space the robot is currently in. Once the robot computes its “cognitive map”, it is then, like foraging and hoarding animals, instructed to find its way home. To do so, the robot uses two crucial pieces of information: distance between exits of ASRs and relative orientation of adjacent ASRs. A simple animal-like strategy was implemented for the robot to locate home. Results from the experiments demonstrated the robot’s ability to determine its location within the visited environment along its journey. This task was performed without the use of an accurate map. From these results and reviews of various findings related to cognitive mapping for various animals, we deduce that: Different animals have different sensing capabilities. They live in different environments and therefore face unique challenges. Consequently, they evolve to have different navigational strategies. However, we believe two crucial pieces of information are inherent in all animals and form the fundamentals of navigation: distance and orientation. Higher level animals may encode and may even prefer richer information to enhance the animal’s cognitive map. Nonetheless, distance and orientation will always be computed as a core process of cognitive mapping. We believe this insight will help future research to better understand the complex nature of cognitive mapping.
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Pierson, Eric E. McBride Dawn M. "Mood and memory mapping the cognitive-emotive structure /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390309741&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1203095001&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.Title from title page screen, viewed on February 15, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Dawn M. McBride (chair), Alvin E. House, Karla J. Doepke, Robert Peterson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-100) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Aranda-Mena, Guillermo. "Mapping workers' cognitive structures of construction site hazards." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400021.
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Norris, Mary Ann. "The cognitive mapping of musical intention to performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69274.
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Alkurt, Saygin Vedat. "Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping: A Case Study On Turkish Ngos." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615665/index.pdf.
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Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping is used as an effective tool to grasp complex systems. Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping, which is based on quantification of qualitative data, can be considered as a hybrid mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, and its roots can be traced back to graph theory.
The basic purpose of this study is to discuss Fuzzy Cognitive Maps in methodological terms and develop suggestions for using maps drawn within two different frameworks. By this, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps applied in similar fields will be evaluated at one level. For this purpose, the thesis will utilize the data derived from maps drawn by NGO directors in Turkey. In the case study, cognitive maps are drawn around two concepts: the reputation of civil society in Turkey and its influence power.
Due to their qualitative character, Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping is a research tool suitable for making comparative analysis. Divided into city and activity categories, the database of case study used in this thesis provided comparable data. Categorical differences are evaluated through drawing cognitive maps out of database.
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Farsari-Zacharaki, Ioanna. "Understanding sustainable tourism policy : conceptual framework and cognitive mapping." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/937/.
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O'Connor, Maureen. "Understanding sensemaking in organisational change : a cognitive mapping approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7164/.
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In this thesis I argue for consideration of an anticipatory level of sensemaking that influences how individuals think about and respond to organisational change. In asking how knowledgeable agents understand an altered environment, I adopt a holistic view of organisational and cognitive sensemaking literatures, to produce a sensemaking template identifying four key relational influences: Equilibration, Intentionality, Temporal Context, and Knowledge Structures. The sensemaking template is used to inform the design of an interpretive study. A single local authority in the West Midlands region of England is the setting for the field research which was working to meet increasing demands for local services against a backdrop of austerity budgets and decreasing resources in 2012-2013. I employ cognitive mapping as part of a multi-method approach to identify previously tacit frames of reference used by research participants in making sense of self-selected episodes of change in the organisation. In arguing that organisational change emerges through the enactment of cognitive agency, I use empirical data to expound on a previously invisible sensemaking process that is complex and nuanced, and which offers methodological, theoretical and analytical contributions to knowledge.
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Liu, Liu M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "C-IMAGE : city cognitive mapping through geo-tagged photos." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90205.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-154).
Traditional research categorizes people's perceptions towards the city environment with Kevin Lynch's five elements: node, path, edge, district, and landmark. His method has been a keystone in guiding both urban design and urban study for decades. However, enabled by the proliferation of crowd sourcing technology, this thesis tries another angle to detect, measure, and analyze people's perceptions through geo-tagged photos. Using Python scripting language, the project downloads photos of 26 cities (an average of 100,000 photos per city) with geographic information, in North America, Europe, and Asia, from Panoramio and partially from Flickr. The process of image analysis is built on a computer vision technique - scene understanding, which categorizes the photos into 102 scenes by content. This paper aims to introduce photos collected at the massive scale as an additional method of city image. The project name of C-IMAGE reflects the interaction between city computation and city cognition. This thesis implies different roles of C-IMAGE in three applications for urban planning: a monitor for city forms, an evaluator for planning strategies, and a reference for urban functions. Important discoveries through these applications include that 1) C-IMAGE can partially confirm Kevin Lynch's city image efficiently; 2) C-IMAGE can disclose both agent-led and agent-less urban changes; 3) There are mainly four prototypes among the tested 26 cities, based on a seven-category C-IMAGE patterns; 4) C-IMAGE can evaluate planning suitability because its indicators are associated with the real activity; 5) Part of land use is statistically predictable in the case of Manhattan. Three impacts on urban planning are highlighted: First C-IMAGE is a method to pull data from social media to describe vividly the collective perception from the public. Second it computationally extracts information from photos at a deeper level for the study of urban space and activities. Third, C-IMAGE benefits from the multidisciplinary cooperation between planning and computer science to open up a new channel and provide analytical tools for further research on the cognitive mapping of urban spaces. Keywords: City Image, Cognitive Mapping, Urban Computing, Geo-tagged Photos, Crowd Sourcing.
by Liu Liu.
M.C.P.
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Gilbert, Stephen A. B. (Stephen Alex Boatwright). "Mapping mental spaces : how we organize perceptual and cognitive information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10151.
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Guynes, Eric C. "Strategies for Shipping Temperature-Sensitive Medical Devices Using Cognitive Mapping." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5872.
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Supply chain management (SCM) practitioners who ship temperature-sensitive diagnostic medical devices (DMDs) to clinicians must use effective cold chain management (CCM) strategies to avoid temperature excursions that contribute to medical device errors. Such errors have caused patient harm and death, which costs the U.S. health care system billions of dollars per year. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies for selecting and managing cold chain shipping solutions (CCSSs) requiring SCM executives to trade cost for regulatory compliance and predictability when mitigating temperature variations that occur during shipping. The conceptual framework for the study was the 6-change approaches, and its underpinnings that framed the exploration into the strategies some medical device executives use for shipping temperature-sensitive DMD tests and controls. Data were collected from in-depth interviews, field notes, and existing literature. The target population was 3 SCM executives working in California, New Jersey, and Ireland with at least 5 years of CCM experience in the medical device industry. A purposive sampling procedure guided the selection of participants for in-depth interviews. The data analysis included pattern matching techniques, central analysis, and collapse analysis. The results of this study indicated 3 successful strategies: validation of CCSSs, compliant shipping of DMDs, and CCM best practices. The study was socially significant because the findings may prevent medical device failures that have caused U.S. Food and Drug Administration recalls and patient harm.
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Topp, Elin Anna. "Human-Robot Interaction and Mapping with a Service Robot : Human Augmented Mapping." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : School of computer science and communication, KTH, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4899.
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Moineau, Suzanne. "Mapping out the processing continuum in aphasia /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208811.
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Dawson, Thomas Edward. "Explorations in City Image: An Investigation of Tools of Perception and Representation in Urban Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9983.
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The map is vitally important for space design. Maps allow designers to record and filter impossibly complex information about an environment. Designers try to capture a variety of aspects of a site through the use of graphic tools like maps and drawings. While there is a long-established conventional graphic language for recording characteristics of a site, this language is often inadequate when one attempts to explore and capture subtler perceptual qualities of urban environments. Many of these perceptual qualities can greatly inform a design and some designers have invented creative mapping strategies to record and analyze difficult aspects of a site. This position paper follows the work of innovative designers who creatively map perceptual qualities of urban landscapes. The theories and practices of these designers have informed my development of new creative tools for mapping my perception of space.
The design portion of this thesis takes place in the Mexican War Streets Neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and results in a plaza for the local Mattress Factory Art Museum. The design phase uses and evaluates traditional perception and representational tools of urban design. New creative maps are used to express what the traditional tools cannot. These creative maps are used to derive the concept for the site design as well as the design of the major site elements and materials.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Canter, Rebecca Gail. "4D mapping of network-specific pathological propagation in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107868.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-132).
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes a devastating loss of memory and cognition for which there is no cure. Without effective treatments that slow or reverse the course of the disease, the rapidly aging population will require astronomical investment from society to care for the increasing numbers of AD patients. Additionally, the financial and emotional burden on families of affected individuals will be profound. Traditional approaches to the study of AD use either biochemical assays to probe cellular pathophysiology or non-invasive imaging platforms to investigate brain-wide network alterations. Though decades of research using these tools have advanced the field significantly, our increased understanding of AD has not led to successful interventions. One reason for this impediment may be that the tools used in neither approach can achieve the spatial and temporal precision necessary to study the consequences of molecular insults across the brain over time. In this thesis, I capitalize on recent advances in tissue processing technologies to gain a network-level perspective on the molecular and cellular progression of AD. First, I present optimized methods for in situ proteomic phenotyping of large-volume tissue specimens. Then, I use the techniques to map amyloid-beta (A[beta]) aggregates at the whole-brain scale across disease stages in a mouse model of AD. The spatially-unbiased, temporally-precise map demonstrates hierarchical susceptibility of increasingly large, memory-related brain networks to A[beta] deposition. Importantly, the 4D nature of the map reveals that subcortical nodes and white matter tracts of the Papez memory circuit exhibit unique, early vulnerability to A[beta] aggregates. Finally, using large-volume labeling approaches, I confirm the molecular findings by showing disease-specific A[beta] aggregation in human samples from the early hub regions. Together, this data unites desperate observations of network-level deficits and identifies critical locations of early A[beta] deposition in the brain. By linking molecular and network observations, I begin to provide biological explanations for the clinical manifestation of AD. This perspective can guide earlier patient identification and refine experimental approaches to developing cognitively efficacious treatments. These discoveries emphasize the necessity of multi-level investigations in neuroscience research and highlight the potential impacts of tools that enable researchers to bridge the gap.
by Rebecca Gail Canter.
Ph. D.
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Markson, Lori Robin. "Mechanisms of word learning in children: Insights from fast mapping." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284747.
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Children can learn aspects of the meaning of a new word on the basis of only a few incidental exposures and can retain this knowledge for a long time. The process of rapidly learning and remembering new words has come to be known as fast mapping. It is often maintained that fast mapping is the result of a dedicated language mechanism, but it is possible that this same capacity might apply in domains other than language learning. The present studies explore the nature of fast mapping, with the goal of revealing more about the mechanism underlying word learning in children. One possibility is that the capacity for word learning is mediated by a specialized language mechanism. A second view posits that all of language acquisition depends on more general cognitive processes. Alternatively, the acquisition of words and grammar may involve different mechanisms. To test these alternative proposals, children and adults were taught a new object name and an arbitrary fact about a novel object, and were tested for their retention immediately or after a delay. The findings revealed that fast mapping is not limited to word learning, suggesting that the capacity to learn and retain new words is the result of learning and memory abilities that are not specific to language. Three further studies then explored the specificity and development of the capacity for fast mapping. The implications of these findings for theories of word learning are discussed.
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Thomas, Kevin Garth. "Cognitive mapping and spatial navigation in patients with anterior temporal lobectomy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289912.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine questions about the role of the hippocampal formation in spatial cognition and spatial navigation. Specifically, Study 1 and Study 2 show that patients with unilateral language nondominant anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) show impairments on tasks assessing cognitive mapping. Study 3 shows that the ability of these patients to navigate a virtual environment (VE) by means of cognitive maps is disrupted. Study 4 shows that, under normal circumstances, healthy adults have a choice of at least two spatial navigation strategies (navigation by means of heading vectors, or navigation by means of cognitive mapping), and that they will likely choose the optimal strategy for task solution. Study 5 suggests that patients with unilateral language nondominant ATL are able to successfully navigate by means of heading vectors. The data from these studies are generally consistent with predictions derived from cognitive mapping theory (O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978). The data are also consistent with other empirical and theoretical work in pointing to the hippocampal formation of the language nondominant hemisphere as the neural substrate of a cognitive mapping system.
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Walton, Nigel Hugh. "An analysis of material-specific memory function in patients undergoing surgical treatment of intractable partial epilepsy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297791.
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Batamuriza, Florance, Tobias Berg, and Tony Hatami. "Strategic understanding : A qualitative study on similarities and differences in perceptions of strategy." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-462.
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In today’s society, strategy becomes more important because of the ever fast changing environment. Companies all around the world set strategies, in order to grow and earn a profit, and wish for them to be implemented the way they were intended to be. Therefore, we believe it is important to investigate individuals’ perceptions of firm strategy.
The purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate individuals’ perception and understanding of firm strategy, and to see how these perceptions show similarities and differences. Our aim is also to see how cognitive mapping in relation to a strategic model can be helpful both for practitioners and researchers.
Collection of primary data was done by interviewing five employees on different hierarchical levels in Company X that is active in multiple different business areas both in Sweden and abroad. The interviews were later analysed with the help of theories such as cognitive structures and maps, and Whittington’s (2001) generic perspective of strategy. This model recognizes four approaches to strategizing, namely Classical, Evolutionary, Systemic and Processual. The two former ones have a Profit-maximizing outcome, while the latter two are Pluralistic in outcome.
During the analysis we found some similarities and differences. It was found that not all employees, individually or together, could be categorised under one specific approach. It is hypothesized that this could be because of the fact that they are at different levels and positions in the company, but they had similar perception on long-term planning as a firm strategy.
The interviewees in Company X have shown different perceptions when relating to strategy. We come to the conclusion that it is important for managers and strategic decision makers that they understand and take the differences and similarities under consideration when delegating and injecting new strategies into a company. We think this could then help them to enhance an understanding of their own strategic organisation.
Although case studies tend to be subjective, this is pointed out as the main limitation of the methodology. The researchers’ interpretation of the interviews lay as the foundation of the analysis and conclusion, and in order to make the study as objective as possible, clear and relevant selection of theories and literature was used to support the claims made in the thesis.
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Kitchin, R. M. "Issues of validity and integrity in cognitive mapping research : investigating configurational knowledge." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637806.
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It is argued in this thesis that at present, research within the field of cognitive mapping is theoretically and practically weak. The relevant issues of validity which are leading to weak research are explored, and ways to increase the integrity of conclusions that can be drawn from cognitive mapping research are outlined. The first half of the thesis concentrates on examining how cognitive mapping research can be strengthened from a conceptual perspective. The field of cognitive mapping is defined and its reasons for study justified. Issues relating to the practical study of cognitive map knowledge are examined, and it is argued that the route to stronger validity is through the integration of ideas and concepts from geography and psychology. A conceptual shema is detailed which attempts such an integration. The second half of the thesis details the practical study. Four studies were undertaken using a multi-data, multi-analysis research strategy to examine issues of practical validity. Both quantitative tests and qualitative semi-talk aloud protocols were used to collect data. It was discovered that all the configurational knowledge tests produced varying results due to methodological biases. Spatial familiarity was found to be a significant factor in the acquisition of cognitive map knowledge, but there were only a few minor differences between the results of females and males. It was established that alternative aggregation strategies lead to different results, and it was concluded that each strategy should be used for specific purposes. Respondents reported many different strategies of thinking about geographic space, although no one strategy produced better results. There was evidence that respondents' knowledge is stored as both imagery and propositions, and that it is stored hierarchically. This thesis provides evidence that the convergence and integration of ideas and techniques from geography and psychology is fruitful, producing research which is conceptually sound, and that the issues of practical validity can be successfully strengthened.
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Najle, Maxine. "Atheists, devils, and communists cognitive mapping of attitudes and stereotypes of atheists." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/593.
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Negative attitudes towards atheists are hardly a new trend in our society. However, given the pervasiveness of the prejudices and the lack of foundation for them, it seems warranted to explore the underlying elements of these attitudes. Identifying these constitutive elements may help pick apart the different contributing factors and perhaps mitigate or at least understand them in the future. The present study was designed to identify which myths or stereotypes about atheists are most influential in these attitudes. A Lexical Decision Task was utilized to identify which words related to popular stereotypes are most related to the label atheists. The labels Atheists, Christians, and Students were compared to positive words, negatives words, words or interests, neutral words, and non-word strings. Analyses revealed no significant differences among the participants' reaction times in these various comparisons, regardless of religion, level of belief in god, level of spirituality, or being acquainted with atheists. Possible explanations for these results are discussed in this thesis.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Roverso, Davide. "Analogy by mapping spreading and abstraction in large multifunctional knowledge bases." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361783.
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Analogical reasoning is one of the most fascinating activities in human thought and can be described as the process of understanding a given situation, called the target, by comparison with another situation, called the source (or base), which is more familiar or better understood. The use of the analogy provides one mechanism for reasoning when classical deductive methods are insufficient. One of the main shortcomings of previous work on analogy is that it required a task-specific knowledge representation, since it can access analogues only if they are already structured in memory, i.e. only if the memory consists of a collection of separately encoded, explicit items. The "standard" analogy algorithm of most previous work is based on a first stage during which a set of potential sources is selected from the knowledge base. If, however, potential sources are not directly identifiable in memory, then this strategy is not applicable. The main objective of this thesis work has been to devise an analogy which can be applied to multifunctional knowledge bases (i.e. "task-general" knowledge bases), which have not been pre-processed for the analogy task. The model of analogical reasoning proposed in this thesis is based on the novel view of the analogue retrieval problem being an analogue construction problem, as opposed to the common view of analogue retrieval as an analogue selection problem. This novel approach combines the access, mapping and generalisation stages of classical analogical reasoning in a single constrained search process, and uses a collection of abstraction operators to achieve a greater mapping flexibility. The model has been implemented in the ALBION system and has been applied to a sizeable multifunctional knowledge base developed independently of this work. This shows the suitability of the model to tackle multifunctional knowledge bases. Additionally, experimental time and space complexity studies indicate that the approach can be efficiently applied to large-scale knowledge bases.
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Linden, Mark A. "Perceptions of geographic locations : development of a spatial methodology." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343033.
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Soloshenko, Alena. "Emotions in legal fiction : conceptual metaphors and cross-domain mapping with ATLAS.ti." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC022/document.
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Cette thèse, dont l’objet est l’étude des émotions d’un point de vue linguistique, se positionne dans le cadre théorique de la linguistique cognitive. Son objectif principal est d’étudier le processus de lexicalisation et de conceptualisation des émotions, représentées par des mots-clés, dans le contexte littéraire de ce qu’on pourrait appeler « fiction juridique ». La première partie du travail examine les relations interdisciplinaires en jeu dans l’interconnexion entre le langage, la cognition et les émotions. La second partie est consacrée à l’étude lexicographique complexe des mots-clés exprimant des émotions dans le contexte littéraire de quatre romans mettant en scène la justice. Dans une troisième partie, sont mis au jour les « patrons » métaphoriques sous-jacents à la lexicalisation et à la conceptualisation en discours des différentes catégories d’émotions, ce qui permet d’illustrer la dépendance entre le lexique des émotions et ses conceptualisations les plus fortes. Enfin, cette thèse utilise une méthodologie dérivée du logiciel ATLAS.ti qui permet une approche qualitative de l’étude des émotions telles qu’elles sont exprimées en discoursThis thesis is written within the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics and focuses on the ways emotion keywords lexicalize and conceptualize in the language of legal fiction. The first part of the work provides an interdisciplinary discussion about the interconnection between language, cognition, and emotion. This is followed, in a second part, by the complex lexicographical study of five emotion keywords in legal fiction, a genre of texts which has remained overlooked by researchers in the field. The third part brings to light the metaphorical patterns of different types of emotion keywords in order to show how they lexicalize and conceptualize in language, and demonstrate the dependency between the types of emotion keywords and their strongest and weakest conceptualizations. In addition, this thesis offers an application of the software ATLAS.ti, which allows a qualitative approach to the study of emotions as expressed in language
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Petrovic, Predrag. "Cognitive mechanisms in pain processing : assessed with functional imaging methods /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-283-3.
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Iyengar, Deepa Radhakrishna 1972. "Development of and proposed applications for tetrodes in functional mapping of rodent sensorimotor striatum." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28355.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-66).
The Wilson-McNaughton tetrode preparation for awake, behaving rodents was adapted by a group of investigators for use in dorsolateral striatum. Measures were taken to improve the reliability of reaching the target area in the brain and the stability of the implanted tetrode drive over several weeks of recording. Novel methods were developed to confirm the dorsoventral level of tetrodes at intermediate stages of advancement during recording, and to reconstruct estimated directions and distances of recorded sources from tetrodes by post-hoc analysis. Alternative methods of source separation and data visualization were implemented. Additional refinements to improve unit separation within and across recording sessions are proposed. The resulting recording technique is expected to have considerable potential in clarifying behavioral and other functional correlates of systems of striatal anatomical compartmentalization. A set of experiments is proposed to investigate how dorsolateral striatal neuronal activity changes in correlation with learning of three stimulus-response tasks relative to three control tasks with similar sensory, motor and motivational aspects but different learning and memory requirements, and to localize task-responsive units with respect to striosomes and body part areas identified by neuronal responses to cutaneous stimulation/passive manipulation and anterograde anatomical tracers from primary motor cortex. Neuronal activity in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata, output areas of the basal ganglia, is also to be examined over the course of acquisition of the three stimulus-response tasks.
(cont.) The proposed investigations will begin to empirically anchor learning and memory functions of the striatum and basal ganglia to patterns of neuronal activity in the context of the intricate anatomical organization of these areas.
by Deepa Radhakrishna Iyengar.
S.M.
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Gravina, Michael Timothy. "How Many Moralities? a Bottom-Up Approach to Mapping the Brain’s Natural Moral Categories." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078353.
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The external structure and internal boundaries of the moral domain are not sharply defined. Substantive definitions of morality struggle to cleanly encapsulate the full diversity of human moral concern without including too much to retain correspondence to folk understandings, while functionalist definitions are complex and difficult to implement in study. Psychological work in 20th century often assumed morality was a single domain concerned primarily with transgression types emphasized in Western academia. Recent brain-imaging work has suggested that morality may in fact comprise multiple sub-domains, corresponding to moral natural kinds which cover a more diverse spectrum of topics than Western morality is typically concerned with (Parkinson et al., 2011). Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), which takes an evolutionary functionalist approach, is a promising candidate structure for this expanded moral domain.
Here I probe the structure of the moral domain in exploratory fashion for correlates to the foundations of MFT in patterns of brain activation in response to moral stimuli generated and categorized by survey respondents. Activation contrasts are used to identify regions of differential activity between the putative foundations. Conjunctive overlaps between foundation contrasts are compared in order to establish which foundations behave similarly to one another relative to the other foundations in the set.
Neither the 5-factor structure of MFT nor its coarser 2-factor structure is upheld. Instead, a semi-polarized scheme is suggested, with harm-preventative and purity-maintaining moral types occupying the extremes and more interpersonal foundations grouped together in between and less clearly delineated than previously assumed.
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Mok, Fung-lan Connie, and 莫鳳蘭. "Using computer assisted concept mapping tool as cognitive tool in visual art learning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27722430.
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Thau, Robert S. (Robert Solomon). "Reliably mapping a robot's enivronment using fast vision and local, but not global, metric data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10306.
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Madl, Tamas. "Bayesian mechanisms in spatial cognition : towards real-world capable computational cognitive models of spatial memory." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bayesian-mechanisms-in-spatial-cognition-towards-realworld-capable-computational-cognitive-models-of-spatial-memory(665d1016-b841-47de-9b2d-40ddd8a0ff0d).html.
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Existing computational cognitive models of spatial memory often neglect difficulties posed by the real world, such as sensory noise, uncertainty, and high spatial complexity. On the other hand, robotics is unconcerned with understanding biological cognition. This thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach towards developing cognitively plausible spatial memory models able to function in realistic environments, despite sensory noise and spatial complexity. We hypothesized that Bayesian localization and error correction accounts for how brains might maintain accurate location estimates, despite sensory errors. We argued that these mechanisms are psychologically plausible (producing human-like behaviour) as well as neurally plausible (implementable in brains). To support our hypotheses, we reported modelling results of neural recordings from rats (acquired outside this PhD), constituting the first evidence for Bayesian inference in neurons representing spatial location, as well as modelling human behaviour data. In addition to dealing with uncertainty, spatial representations have to be stored and used efficiently in realistic environments, by using structured representations such as hierarchies (which facilitate efficient retrieval and route planning). Evidence suggests that human spatial memories are structured hierarchically, but the process responsible for these structures has not been known. We investigated features influencing them using data from experiments in real-world and virtual reality environments, and proposed a computational model able to predict them in advance (based on clustering in psychological space). We have extended a general cognitive architecture, LIDA (Learning Intelligent Distribution Agent), by these probabilistic models of how brains might estimate, correct, and structure representations of spatial locations. We demonstrated the ability of the resulting model to deal with the challenges of realistic environments by running it in high-fidelity robotic simulations, modelled after participants' actual cities. Our results show that the model can deal with noise, uncertainty and complexity, and that it can reproduce the spatial accuracies of human participants.
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Huang, Chaorui. "Mild cognitive impairment : neuroimaging markers for early diagnosis of dementia /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-633-2/.
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Alač, Morana. "How brain images reveal cognition an ethnographic study of meaning-making in brain mapping practice /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3222050.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 19, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Biegler, Robert. "Short and medium range navigation and its relationship to cognitive mapping and associative learning." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21590.
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Learning allows organisms to predict and prepare for events in the environment that are not sufficiently regular that responses to each situation could be genetically hardwired. A possible categorization of what can be learned is as follows: First, an animal may learn that an event is likely to happen. This means learning predictive relations between events, or the probability that an event A occurs with an event B, rather than independently. Second, they may form a representation of the magnitude of the event. Third, animals may learn when an event is likely to happen, the temporal relations between events. Fourth, they may acquire knowledge where something will happen, the spatial relations between events. The question arises whether these distinctions are merely convenient labels or reflect genuine differences between dissociable psychological variables and perhaps processes. The most widely accepted account of animal learning, associative learning theory, assumes that information from all these variables is collapsed into only a single output variable: the strength of an associative link. The theoretical framework of associative learning has predominantly been developed and tested within the domain of learning about predictive relationships between events, weighted by event relevance. The requirements for navigation through space are in some respects quite different. Animals can influence the rate and direction of their passage through space. In the two or three dimensions of space shortcuts and detours become possible. The computation of path length may require vector addition. Possible goals of computation will be considered and compared to data on the contents, acquisition and manipulation of spatial representations. The experimental part of this thesis concentrates on two aspects of information acquisition, landmark stability and blocking. Animals appear to weigh information from different sources according to two different and normally opposed criteria, accuracy and reliability. If discrepancy between two such sources is small, more weight will be given to the more accurate source of information, if the discrepancy is large more to the reliable source. The experiments on landmark stability suggest that manipulating discrepancy throughout training will influence animals' estimate of reliability of a source of information. Other manipulations of this estimate, independent from discrepancy, are also possible. The experiments on blocking have not yielded a simple result. Blocking occurs when the animals were trained with one of two landmark arrays; the other array led to an enhancement of performance when testing with the added landmarks. In addition, previous work on the "geometric module" has been extended and a novel weighting of landmarks by position in the array, rather than distance from a goal, has been found. It is argued that there associative learning can play a role in the creation of most possible representations of space, but that some aspects of navigation involve computations which associative learning is not capable of. Further, consideration of the possible functions of navigation suggests that there is no clear dichotomy between mapping and non-mapping strategies. The features of cognitive maps derived from analogy with physical maps do not form an indivisible category. A navigational system may have only some of these properties, depending on what is required of it. The supposed incompatibility of cognitive mapping and associative learning does not exist, both because there are several navigational strategies that could be considered cognitive mapping processes and because associative learning could contribute to most of them.
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Jackson, Paul Gerard. "The effects of route guidance information upon travellers' wayfinding and navigation ability." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8200.
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Thompson, Bill. "Wayfinding in complex spaces." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1267.
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This thesis is primarily a theoretical examination of people environment relationships directed towards the performance requirements of buildings for human occupation. It commences with a review of extant behavioural models used in the fields of Life Fire Safety Engineering and Wayfinding. The review includes several other interconnected disciplines and areas of interest such as space syntax and cognitive science. Extant behavioural models are described as essentially mechanical however there is also another, less familiar and not yet fully understood, symbiotic model. The symbiotic model is expanded and a new form of spatial analysis, developmental syntax, presented. Symbiotic models seem capable of providing a theoretical base for both the mechanical and also more subtle and complex relationships between space, social interaction and personal knowledge. Case studies are included as tentative explorations of developmental syntax and the symbiotic model in use and recommendations are made for further research into both developmental syntax and the symbiotic model.
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Ben, Hamed Amara Anji. "Contribution à la compréhension des finalités de l’essaimage. Vers une modélisation de la stratégie d’essaimage : cas des grandes entreprises tunisiennes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA131002/document.
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Ce travail de recherche vise à montrer l’intérêt de l’essaimage comme outil autour duquel peut s’articuler une panoplie de stratégies organisationnelles. Des coalitions stratégiques s’établissent et des liens de proximité se construisent entre les différentes entités constituant l’essaimage. La nature et l’intensité de ces liens dépendent de la nature de la stratégie d’essaimage adoptée ainsi que des logiques endogènes qui lui sont associées. Ainsi, en vue de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de cette pratique, le présent travail de recherche propose, en s’appuyant sur un cadre théorique et typologique, une grille de lecture opérationnelle mettant en évidence les multiples dimensions de l’essaimage. Pour ce faire, une démarche abductive fondée sur l’étude de cas multiples a été mobilisée. La stratégie de recensement et d’analyse des cas a été effectuée en trois étapes. D’abord, il s’agit d’une exploration préliminaire qui a pour intérêt, de faire ressortir les cas d’analyse à partir d’entretiens réalisés avec 22 responsables, a priori concernés par la pratique d’essaimage en Tunisie. Pour approfondir notre compréhension de la pratique, des analyses thématiques des entrevues ont été menées en profondeur auprès des responsables de cellules d’essaimage. Enfin, en vu de repérer les articulations logiques entre ces dimensions de l’essaimage qui viennent d’être cernées, l’exploration qualitative s’est aussi consolidée par l’étude de 7 cartes cognitives de responsables ayant vécu des expériences variées d’essaimage. Les résultats empiriques obtenus ont permis de relever l’existence de diverses trajectoires de mise en œuvre de l’essaimage, dont le sens, la direction et la logique diffèrent d’une entreprise à une autre. En outre, la lecture des représentations mentales des dirigeants des cellules d’essaimage nous ont permis de confirmer l’importance des facteurs externes reliés à l’environnement et des facteurs internes reliés à l’optimisation des ressources dans la modélisation du processus. Cette analyse cognitive a laissé aussi apparaitre quelques pistes de réflexion relative à la prédominance des objectifs stratégiques de gestion de l’innovation et de valorisation des résultats de la recherche scientifique dans certaines entreprises essaimantesThis research aims to show the importance of spin-off as a tool around which various organizational strategies can be articuled. In this respect, a number of strategic coalitions and close links are etablished among the different entities constituting spin-off. So, the nature and intensity of these relationships depend on the nature of the adopted spin-off strategy as well as the endogenous rationale associated with it. Thus, in order to shape a better understanding of the procedure, this research suggests, based on a theorical and typological framework, a practical outline which highlights the multiple dimensions of spin-off. Consequently, an abductive research strategy based on multiple case studies has been implemented
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McClure, Sarah A. "Using cognitive mapping to describe the family members experiences of living with a problem gambler." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1439658.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Southern Connecticut State University, 2006.Page(s) missing in number only; text follows. Page(s) were scanned as received. Adviser: Sandra Bulmer. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lee, Jong Won. "Effect of gis learning on spatial ability." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3896.
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This research used a spatial skills test and cognitive-mapping test to examine the effect of GIS learning on the spatial ability and spatial problem solving of college students. A total of 80 participants, undergraduate students at Texas A&M University, completed pre- and post- spatial skills tests administered during the 2003 fall semester. Analysis of changes in the students test scores revealed that GIS learning could help students improve their spatial ability. Strong correlations existed between the participants spatial ability and their performance in the GIS course. The research also found that spatial ability improvement linked to GIS learning was not significantly related to differences in gender or to academic major (geography majors vs. science and engineering majors). A total of 64 participants, recruited from students enrolled in Introduction to GIS and Computer Cartography at Texas A&M University, completed pre- and post- cognitive-mapping tests administered during the 2003 fall semester. Students performance on the cognitive-mapping test was used to measure their spatial problem solving. The study assumed that the analysis of the individual map-drawing strategies would reveal information about the cognitive processes participants used to solve their spatial tasks. The participants were requested to draw a map that could help their best friends find their way to three nearby commercial locations. The map-drawing process was videotaped in order to allow the researcher to classify subjects map-drawing strategies. The study identified two distinctive map-drawing strategies: hierarchical and regional. Strategies were classified as hierarchical when subjects began by drawing the main road network across the entire map, and as regional when they completed mapping sub-areas before moving on to another sub-area. After completion of a GIS course, a significant number of participants (about half) changed their map-drawing strategies. However, more research is necessary to address why these changes in strategy came about.
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Brown, Connie J. "Mapping A Generation: Oral History Research in Sulphur Springs, FL." Scholar Commons, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000295.
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Burgess, Adrian Philip. "The reliability and validity of topographical mapping of EEG in the localisation of cognitive function." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244209.
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Al-Shehab, Abdullah. "Causal and cognitive mapping methods for the identification of risk in information system development projects." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443557.
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DE, MEO ERMELINDA. "MAPPING STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MRI CORRELATES OF CLINICAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PEDIATRIC MS." Doctoral thesis, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/122895.
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During this PhD research course, different advanced MRI techniques were applied in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to characterize the neuroanatomical substrates of cognitive impairment, to explore the complex interplay between gray matter (GM) maturational processes and disease-related damage and to unravel in vivo potential pathogenetic mechanisms.
In details, inefficient regulation of the functional interaction between different areas of sustained attention system due to abnormal white matter (WM) integrity was identified as a potential substrate of cognitive impairment in pediatric MS patients.
In a longitudinal setting, we observed that pediatric MS patients experienced failures in GM development in several cortical and sub-cortical regions, as well as GM atrophy progression in most of these regions. These abnormalities were only partially related to focal MS lesions, thus suggesting the existence of early neurodegenerative processes independent from WM lesions. Furthermore, higher IQ, a proxy of cognitive reserve in pediatric patients, resulted as a protective factor against GM damage, being associated with reduced deviations from age-expected volumes of specific GM regions at baseline and during the follow-up.
Focusing on the thalamus, we observed a trend toward thalamic atrophy and we detected significant microstructural abnormalities as assessed by using different quantitative MRI measure (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and T1/T2-weighted ratio). Segmenting the thalamus and thalamic WM into concentric bands originating from CSF/thalamus interface, we observed significant microstructural abnormalities in bands nearest to CSF and in those closest to WM. Moreover, the abnormalities detected at CSF/thalamus interface correlated with cortical thickness reduction, while those at thalamus/WM interface with WM lesion volume. These findings support the hypothesis of heterogeneous pathological processes, including retrograde degeneration from WM lesions and CSF-mediated damage, leading to thalamic microstructural abnormalities, likely preceding macroscopic tissue loss.
In a longitudinal setting, we identified several predictors of disease course and prognosis in pediatric MS patients. Shorter time to first relapse was predicted by optic nerve lesions, while longer time was predicted by high-efficacy treatment exposure. Lesion location at baseline MRI scan together with disease activity during the first 2 years of disease significantly accounted for annualized relapse rate over 9-year of follow-up. The involvement of clinically eloquent sites (such as the optic nerve, brainstem, and spinal cord) at baseline, together with disability and MRI activity during the first 2 year of disease were found as significant predictors of 9-year disability.
Finally, analyzing data from the Italian MS Register, we showed that compared to post-pubertal, pre-pubertal onset pediatric MS patients took longer time from disease onset to convert to secondary progressive phenotype and to reach irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 3, 4, and 6. These findings highlight a different natural history of pre- vs post-pubertal onset pediatric MS, pointing towards the existence of specific pathophysiological mechanisms, combined with a greater capacity of recovery to counteract damage, in younger pediatric MS patients.Durante questo corso di dottorato di ricerca, sono state applicate diverse tecniche avanzate di risonanza magnetica (RM) in pazienti pediatrici con sclerosi multipla (SM) per caratterizzare i substrati neuroanatomici del deterioramento cognitivo, per esplorare la complessa interazione tra i processi maturativi della sostanza grigia (SG) e il danno correlato alla malattia e per individuare in vivo potenziali meccanismi patogenetici. Un’inefficiente regolazione dell'interazione funzionale tra diverse aree del sistema dell’ attenzione sostenuta a causa del danno macro- e micro-strutturale della sostanza bianca (SB) è stata identificata come un potenziale substrato del deterioramento cognitivo nei pazienti pediatrici con SM. In un setting longitudinale, abbiamo osservato che i pazienti pediatrici con SM vanno incontro ad alterazioni dello sviluppo della SG in diverse regioni corticali e sottocorticali ed a progressiva atrofia nella maggior parte di queste regioni. Queste anomalie apparivano solo parzialmente correlate alle lesioni focali tipiche della SM, suggerendo così l'esistenza di processi neurodegenerativi precoci, indipendenti dalle lesioni della SB. Inoltre, un QI più elevato, misura indiretta della riserva cognitiva nei pazienti pediatrici, è risultato un fattore protettivo contro il danno della SG, essendo associato a minor deviazione dai volumi attesi per età di specifiche regioni di SG. Focalizzandoci sul talamo, abbiamo osservato una tendenza all'atrofia di questa struttura ed abbiamo rilevato anomalie microstrutturali utilizzando diverse misure quantitative di RM (anisotropia frazionaria, diffusività media e rapporto T1/T2). Segmentando il talamo e la SB talamica in bande concentriche partendo dall'interfaccia liquor/talamo, abbiamo osservato anomalie microstrutturali nelle bande più vicine al liquor e in quelle più vicine alla SB. Inoltre, le alterazioni rilevate all'interfaccia liquor/talamo correlavano con la riduzione dello spessore corticale, mentre quelle all’interfaccia talamo/SB con il volume delle lesioni della SB. Questi risultati supportano l'ipotesi di processi patologici eterogenei: degenerazione retrograda da lesioni della SB e danno mediato dal liquor, che portano ad anomalie microstrutturali talamiche precedenti la perdita di sostanza. In un setting longitudinale, abbiamo identificato diversi predittori del decorso di malattia e della prognosi nei pazienti pediatrici con SM. Un intervallo tempo più breve tra l’esordio di malattia e la prima ricaduta appariva associato alla presenza di lesioni del nervo ottico, mentre un intervallo più lungo all'esposizione al trattamento. La localizzazione delle lesioni alla prima RM insieme all'attività di malattia durante i primi 2 anni correlava con il tasso di recidiva annualizzato in 9 anni di follow-up. Il coinvolgimento di siti clinicamente eloquenti (come il nervo ottico, il tronco cerebrale e il midollo spinale) insieme alla disabilità ed all'attività neuroradiologica durante i primi 2 anni di malattia sono stati individuati come predittori della disabilità a 9 anni. Infine, analizzando i dati del Registro Italiano Sclerosi Multipla, abbiamo dimostrato che rispetto ai pazienti pediatrici con SM ad esordio post-pubere, i pazienti con SM con esordio pre-pubere impiegano più tempo dall'insorgenza della malattia per convertire al fenotipo secondariamente progressivo e per raggiungere più elevati livelli di disabilità. Questi risultati evidenziano una diversa storia naturale della SM pediatrica pre- e post-pubere che indica l'esistenza di meccanismi fisiopatologici specifici ed una maggiore capacità di recupero nei pazienti pediatrici più giovani.
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Huang, Ruey-Song. "Multisensory representations of space multimodal brain imaging approaches /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3214724.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 11, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jin, Ying (Ying). "Cognitive processing capacity management in the teaching of consecutive interpreting : proposal for a conceptual mapping model." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6537.
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This study aims at reducing student interpreters��� cognitive overload by optimizing their cognitive processing capacity management in consecutive interpreting. I analyze the causes of cognitive overload resulting from a conflict between cognitive requirements and
interpreters��� limited cognitive resources (i.e. memory and attention). Using Sperber and Wilson���s (1986) Relevance Theory as a theoretical framework, I establish a conceptual mapping model to optimize student interpreters��� memory operations and attention
allocation in consecutive interpreting. In order to test the impact of applying my conceptual mapping model on student interpreters��� performances, I carry out case study research in which the experimental group receives cognitive training via the learning of my
model and the control group does not. The empirical findings of my case study show that with proper cognitive training on processing capacity management, student interpreters can improve their interpreting performances. Finally, based on my conceptual mapping model and case study, I propose teaching implications for the acquisition of cognitive competence in processing capacity management.
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BALIEIRO, Andson Marreiros. "Cognitive radio virtual networks environment: definition, modeling and mapping of secondary virtual networks onto wireless substrate." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16360.
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FACEPE
The wireless technologies are progressing at a rapid pace such that the future of digital communication will be dominated by a dense, ubiquitous and heterogeneous wireless network. Along with this, there is a growing demand for wireless services with different requirements. In this respect, the management of this complex wireless ecosystem becomes challenging, and the wireless virtualization is pointed as an efficient solution to perform it, where different virtual wireless networks can be created, sharing and running on the same wireless infrastructure, and providing differentiated services to users. However, to satisfy the high demand for mobile communications, it is necessary the availability of a natural and scarce resource, the electromagnetic spectrum. Although the insertion of virtualization in wireless networks provides better resources utilization, the current approaches to employ the wireless virtualization can cause resource underutilization. To overcome this underutilization and enable that new wireless virtual networks can be deployed, the wireless virtualization can be combined with the cognitive radio technology and dynamic spectrum access (DSA) techniques in order to achieve the deepest level of wireless virtualization and to improve the resource utilization through the deployment of opportunistic resource sharing. Thus, virtual wireless networks with different access priorities to the resources (e.g. primary and secondary) can be deployed in an overlay form, sharing the same substrate wireless network, where the secondary virtual network (SVN) accesses the resources only when the primary one (PVN) is not using them. However, this new scenario brings new challenges: from the mapping to operation of these networks. The SVN mapping is a NP-hard problem and presents some constraints and objectives related to both PVNs and SVNs. Achieving all objectives simultaneously is a challenging process. This thesis addresses the SVNs mapping problem onto substrate network considering the existence of the PVNs on the same substrate network. It discloses the environment composed by these networks, denoted as cognitive radio virtual network environment (CRVNE), models this environment by using a M/M/N/N queue with preemptive and priority service, and delineates a multi-objective problem formulation for the SVNs mapping. Moreover, a scheme based on Genetic Algorithms to solve the SVNs mapping problem is proposed and evaluated in terms of collision, secondary user (SU) dropping, and SU blocking probabilities, and joint utilization, achieving better results than other based on the First-Fit strategy.
Recentemente, as tecnologias sem fio estão progredindo rapidamente de modo que o futuro da comunicação digital será dominado por uma rede sem fio densa, ubíqua e heterogênea. Adicionado a isso, existe uma demanda crescente por serviços sem fio com diferentes requisitos. Neste aspecto, o gerenciamento deste ecossistema complexo se tona desafiador e a virtualização sem fio é apontada como uma solução eficiente para realizá-lo, onde redes virtuais sem fio diferentes podem ser criadas, compartilhando e executando sobre a mesma infraestrutura de rede sem fio e provendo serviços diferenciados aos usuários. Entretanto, para satisfazer à alta demanda por comunicação móvel é necessária a disponibilidade de um recurso natural e escasso, o espectro eletromagnético. Embora a inserção de virtualização em redes sem fio forneça maior utilização dos recursos, as abordagens atuais para empregar a virtualização sem fio podem causar subutilização de recursos. Para superar esta subutilização, a virtualização sem fio pode ser combinada com a tecnologia de rádio cognitivo e técnicas de acesso dinâmico ao espectro (DSA) para alcançar o mais profundo nível de virtualização sem fio e melhorar a utilização de recursos através do compartilhamento oportunista deles. Assim, redes virtuais sem fio com diferentes prioridades de acesso aos recursos (ex. primária e secundária) podem ser implantadas sobrepostas, compartilhando a mesma infraestrutura de rede sem fio, onde as redes virtuais secundárias (SVNs) acessam os recursos somente quando as redes virtuais primárias (PVNs) não os estiverem utilizando. Entretanto, este novo cenário traz novos desafios, desde o mapeamento até a operação destas redes. O mapeamento de SVNs é um problema NP-difícil e apresenta restrições e objetivos relacionados tanto às PVNs quanto às SVNs. Alcançar todos os objetivos simultaneamente é um processo desafiador. Esta tese aborda o problema de mapeamento de SVNs em redes de substrato considerando a existência de PVNs na mesma rede de substrato. Ela apresenta o ambiente de redes virtuais de rádio cognitivo (CRVNE), modela este ambiente utilizando uma fila M/M/N/N preemptiva e com prioridade e delineia uma formulação multiobjetivo para o mapeamento de SVNs. Além disso, um esquema baseado em Algoritmos Genéticos (GA) para resolver o problema de mapeamento de SVNs é proposto e avaliado em termos das probabilidades de colisão, descarte de usuário secundário (US), bloqueio de US e utilização conjunta, alcançando melhores resultados do que um esquema baseado na estratégia First-Fit.
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Johns, Cathryn. "The spatial learning method : facilitation of learning through the use of cognitive mapping in virtual reality." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6404.
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Bibliography: leaves 115-121.When moving through an environment, people unconsciously build up a mental image, or cognitive map, of that environment. When later planning a trip or giving directions to someone else, they can mentally walk through the environment, remembering features relevant to their current task. This process of building up a cognitive map of a place and using that map later is called cognitive mapping. This dissertation presents the novel idea of using the cognitive mapping process to teach relationships between data items, called the spatial learning method. By creating a VE where the building or rooms represent data items, and the paths between the buildings or rooms indicte the relationships between the data items, visitors exploring the VE would not only be building up a cognitive map of the environment, but also learning the relationships implied by the layout.
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Russell, Carol Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "E-learning adoption in a campus university as a complex adaptive system: mapping lecturer strategies." Awarded by:University of Leicester, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39597.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of e-learning technologies in campus universities has not realised its potential for meeting the learning needs and expectations of 21st century students. By modelling university learning and teaching as a complex adaptive system, this thesis develops a new way of understanding and managing the adoption of new learning technologies in campus universities. The literature on learning and teaching in higher education indicates that lecturers??? ability to innovate in their teaching is constrained by tacit and discipline-specific educational knowledge. Introducing new methods and technologies into mainstream university teaching requires explicit review of educational knowledge, and requires support from departmental and institutional organizational systems. Research on organizational change in other contexts, such as manufacturing industry, has used complex adaptive systems modelling to understand the systemic interdependence of individual strategies, organizations and technologies. These models suggest that the integration of new e-learning technologies into mainstream campus university teaching will involve corresponding change processes. Part of this change requires the linking up of diverse disciplinary perspectives on learning and teaching. The thesis develops a conceptual framework for researching university learning and teaching as a complex adaptive system that includes learning technologies, people, and their organization within a university. Complex adaptive systems theory suggests that the capacity of a campus university to adapt to new e-learning technologies will be reflected in patterns in the strategies of those lecturers who are early adopters of those technologies. A context-specific study in the University of New South Wales used cognitive mapping to represent and analyse the strategies of a group of 19 early adopters of e-learning technology. These early adopters were participants in a cross-discipline Fellowship programme intended to develop their ability to act as change agents within the university. Analysis of the maps gathered before and after the Fellowship, triangulated with data on the Fellows??? participation in organizational change, leads to a new way of modelling how university learning and teaching systems, including their technologies, adapt within a complex and changing higher education context.