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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive map'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 February 2023

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1

Du, Ping, Dingkai Li, Tao Liu, Liming Zhang, Xiaoxia Yang, and Yikun Li. "Crisis Map Design Considering Map Cognition." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100692.

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Crisis maps play a significant role in emergency responses. Users are challenged to interpret a map rapidly in emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques are required to facilitate their map cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous and endogenous disruptions that users needed to overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested that cartographers’ taking the stressors into consideration could promote the cognitive fit between cartographers and users, improving map cognition and spatial information supply–demand matching. This paper also elaborates the course of map visual information processing and related graphic variables to visual attention attributes. To improve the users’ map cognition in time-critical emergency situations, crisis map design principles and a methodology were proposed. We developed three fire emergency rescue road maps and performed two evaluations to verify the effectiveness of the principles. Our experiments showed that the principles could effectively facilitate the users’ rapid map perception and proper understanding, by reducing their cognitive load, and could improve the quality of the crisis maps to some extent.

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2

Du, Ping, Dingkai Li, Tao Liu, Liming Zhang, Xiaoxia Yang, and Yikun Li. "Crisis Map Design Considering Map Cognition." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100692.

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Crisis maps play a significant role in emergency responses. Users are challenged to interpret a map rapidly in emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques are required to facilitate their map cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous and endogenous disruptions that users needed to overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested that cartographers’ taking the stressors into consideration could promote the cognitive fit between cartographers and users, improving map cognition and spatial information supply–demand matching. This paper also elaborates the course of map visual information processing and related graphic variables to visual attention attributes. To improve the users’ map cognition in time-critical emergency situations, crisis map design principles and a methodology were proposed. We developed three fire emergency rescue road maps and performed two evaluations to verify the effectiveness of the principles. Our experiments showed that the principles could effectively facilitate the users’ rapid map perception and proper understanding, by reducing their cognitive load, and could improve the quality of the crisis maps to some extent.

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3

Ng-Thow-Hing, Victor, Kristinn R. Thorisson, Ravi Kiran Sarvadevabhatla, Joel A. Wormer, and Thor List. "Cognitive map architecture." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 16, no. 1 (March 2009): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2008.931634.

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4

CHAUVIN, LIONEL, DAVID GENEST, and STÉPHANE LOISEAU. "ONTOLOGICAL COGNITIVE MAP." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 18, no. 05 (October 2009): 697–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213009000366.

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A cognitive map model provides a graphical representation of an influence network between concepts. One drawback of this model is that large cognitive maps are difficult to exploit and understand. This paper introduces an ontological cognitive map model that enables the designer to organize concepts in an ontology. On the one hand, this model provides an ontological influence mechanism that shows the influence from any concept of the ontology to any other according to the map. The map is then easier to exploit. On the other hand, the ontology is used for providing a synthetical view of a map. The map is then easier to understand.

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5

Farhan, Hazim A., Hussein H. Owaied, and Suhaib I. Al-Ghazi. "Developing Cognitive Map using Blueprint Map." Trends in Applied Sciences Research 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 848–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2011.848.862.

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6

Park, Jeong-Hee, and Mi-Hui Kim. "An Analysis of the Cognitive Characteristics of Child Residential Environment Using Cognitive Map." Journal of the Korean housing association 23, no. 5 (October 25, 2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2012.23.5.019.

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7

Rogers, Jake. "A conjoined cognitive map." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 22, no. 9 (July 30, 2021): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-021-00506-z.

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8

Jung, Youjin, Raymond P. Viviano, Sanneke van Rooden, Jeroen van der Grond, Serge A. R. B. Rombouts, and Jessica S. Damoiseaux. "White Matter Hyperintensities and Apolipoprotein E Affect the Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure and Objective and Subjective Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 84, no. 3 (November 23, 2021): 1337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210695.

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Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) show a robust relationship with arterial pressure as well as objective and subjective cognitive functioning. In addition, APOE ɛ4 carriership may influence how arterial pressure affects cognitive functioning. Objective: To determine the role of region-specific WMH burden and APOE ɛ4 carriership on the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cognitive function as well as subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: The sample consisted of 87 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged to older adults aged 50–85. We measured WMH volume for the whole brain, anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), forceps minor, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). We examined whether WMH burden mediated the relationship between MAP and cognition (i.e., TMT-A score for processing speed; Stroop performance for executive function) as well as SCD (i.e., Frequency of Forgetting (FoF)), and whether APOE ɛ4 carriership moderated that mediation. Results: WMH burden within SLF mediated the effect of MAP on Stroop performance. Both whole brain and ATR WMH burden mediated the effect of MAP on FoF score. In the MAP–WMH–Stroop relationship, the mediation effect of SLF WMH and the effect of MAP on SLF WMH were significant only in APOE ɛ4 carriers. In the MAP–WMH–FoF relationship, the effect of MAP on whole brain WMH burden was significant only in ɛ4 carriers. Conclusion: WMH burden and APOE genotype explain the link between blood pressure and cognitive function and may enable a more accurate assessment of the effect of high blood pressure on cognitive decline and risk for dementia.

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9

Heft, Harry. "Environment, cognition, and culture: Reconsidering the cognitive map." Journal of Environmental Psychology 33 (March 2013): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.09.002.

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10

Rotshtein, A. P., and D. I. Katielnikov. "Fuzzy Cognitive Map vs Regression." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 57, no. 4 (July 2021): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10559-021-00385-3.

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11

Schmidt, Brandy, and A. David Redish. "Navigation with a cognitive map." Nature 497, no. 7447 (April 17, 2013): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12095.

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12

Boyuan Liu, Wenhui Fan, and Tianyuan Xiao. "Unsupervised dynamic fuzzy cognitive map." Tsinghua Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (June 2015): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tst.2015.7128941.

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13

Skaggs, William. "Whither Goest Thou, Cognitive Map?" Contemporary Psychology 47, no. 1 (February 2002): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/001022.

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14

Pfeiffer, Brad E., and David J. Foster. "Discovering the Brain’s Cognitive Map." JAMA Neurology 72, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4141.

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15

Zhong, Ying Hong, and Hong Wei Liu. "A Research Methodology Based on Design Science for the Construction of Cognitive Maps: The Case of a Chinese Steel Company’s Strategic Decision Making." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 2098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2098.

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In turbulent business environment, executives’ cognition plays an important role in their understanding and the process of decision making. Cognitive map helps the senior executives in their thought process. The construction of information-based cognitive map, however, is a wicked problem, which could hardly be tackled by hard systems methodologies. Design science provides a good solution. This paper puts forward a research methodology, which is divided into six activities, to build up an information systems (IS) based cognitive map for cognitive decision support. The methodology is demonstrated by a case study of a Chinese steel company’s strategic decision making.

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16

Jiang, Zuoming, and Yang Sun. "Exploring the Spatial Image of Traditional Villages from the Tourists’ Hand-Drawn Sketches." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 5977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105977.

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As an important concept in cognitive psychology and behavioural geography, destination spatial image cognition has a significant impact on the quality of tourists’ experience, and on their behavioural intention. However, studies of spatial image cognition in small-scale traditional villages are limited. Therefore, the present study analyses the spatial image characteristics of four traditional villages of World Cultural Heritage sites in China through the use of tourists’ hand-drawn sketches, using a sample of 366 respondents to further explore the evolution process of cognitive map types and constituent elements with tourists’ stay days. Results indicate that the spatial cognitive map and landmarks are the main types and dominant elements of spatial image cognition, respectively. The tourists’ spatial cognitive process includes two sequences, as follows: the evolution sequence of dominant cognitive maps is “spatial + individual → spatial + individual + hybrid → spatial + individual”, while the evolution sequence of dominant cognition elements is “landmark + path + animal and plant → landmark + animal and plant + path”. This study extends the current destination spatial image cognition literature, and has substantial value for the destination in terms of developing traditional village sustainable tourism based on the tourists’ attitude, as obtained by the cognitive map method.

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17

Wang, Yan. "Investigation and Study on Cognitive Maps of City Environment — For Example as Xi’an City." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3410.

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Cognitive map is one of the most important ways to study city image. Take the Xi’an city as example, by Cognitive map investigation and questionnaire investigation, analyze the public image, feature of identity, cognitive elements, and people’s cognition and appraise of the city environment. By analyzing the factors, which influence the city environment, we can and give valuable advice on the city environment.

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18

Yuan Miao, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Chee Kheong Siew, and Chun Yan Miao. "Dynamical cognitive network - an extension of fuzzy cognitive map." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 9, no. 5 (2001): 760–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/91.963762.

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19

Radchenko, Ludmila K. "COGNITIVE ASPECT IN CARTOGRAPHY." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 4 (2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-4-138-145.

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The article analyzes the cognitive aspect in cartography, which is present when we talk about theoretical concepts of cartography development, functions of cartographic works, map language, etc. Judgments are made about the «cognitive ability» of two levels – primary (non-professional) and secondary (professional), cognitive activity and cognition (rational and sensory). As a result of the discussion of map functions, and in particular the cognitive function, the classification of maps by a new feature is proposed – by the predominant function. On the example of already published and published maps of cognitive orientation, the features of such maps are formed. Practical examples of cognitive maps that can form the basis for creating a cognitive cartographic model of the region are given. The research presented in the article is based on the methods of classical cartography, philosophical concepts: cognition and cognitive activity, and practical cartographic research, and also corresponds to a number of tasks formed in the State program «Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation» for 2019-2030, which indicates the relevance of the research topic.

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20

Radchenko, Lyudmila K., and Gennady P. Martynov. "CARTOGRAPHIC ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COGNITION OF REALITY." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 4 (2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-4-83-93.

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A map is a means of knowing the territory, but the user’ cognitive activity, interest to maps and the readiness level are different. The levels of an experienced user who reads a map using their professional knowledge of the mapping object being studied, and a student who started studying a school subject and does not have any basic knowledge of the subject being studied. The article proposes a structural cognition model of the surrounding reality with the help of such a means of cognition as a map. Cognitive activity is carried out on the basis of sensory cognition, theoretical thinking and practi-cal activity. It occurs when a certain new phenomenon – a stimulus – appears, which, with the help of an orientation reflex, activates the child's interest in new means of cognition of the surrounding reality – the map. Cognitive activity involves subconsciousness, intelligence, and consciousness, which form new knowledge about the environment. The process of child’s cognitive activity can be controlled by an assistant (teacher, parent) or can take place independently. Knowledge about the region is proposed to be formed by using a cognitive model of the region, visualized by the cartographic method. Such a model contains a certain set of thematic layers, characterizing the region as a whole, from all sides of natural, socio-economic aspects. The cognitive model allows working with a separate topic, disclosed in a specific map and getting comprehensive knowledge about the region, thereby fulfilling the strategic objectives of the State Program for 2019-2030, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 27.03.2019 No. 337 "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation" to provide conditions for the development of "civil" science, expanding the access of citizens of the Russian Federation to scientific knowledge and participation in their acquisition.

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21

Gottesman, Rebecca F., Maura A. Grega, Maryanne M. Bailey, Scott L. Zeger, William A. Baumgartner, Guy M. McKhann, and Ola A. Selnes. "Association between Hypotension, Low Ejection Fraction and Cognitive Performance in Cardiac Patients." Behavioural Neurology 22, no. 1-2 (2010): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/725353.

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Background and Purpose:Impaired cardiac function can adversely affect the brain via decreased perfusion. The purpose of this study was to determine if cardiac ejection fraction (EF) is associated with cognitive performance, and whether this is modified by low blood pressure.Methods:Neuropsychological testing evaluating multiple cognitive domains, measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), and measurement of EF were performed in 234 individuals with coronary artery disease. The association between level of EF and performance within each cognitive domain was explored, as was the interaction between low MAP and EF.Results:Adjusted global cognitive performance, as well as performance in visuoconstruction and motor speed, was significantly directly associated with cardiac EF. This relationship was not entirely linear, with a steeper association between EF and cognition at lower levels of EF than at higher levels. Patients with low EF and low MAP at the time of testing had worse cognitive performance than either of these alone, particularly for the global and motor speed cognitive scores.Conclusions:Low EF may be associated with worse cognitive performance, particularly among individuals with low MAP and for cognitive domains typically associated with vascular cognitive impairment. Further care should be paid to hypotension in the setting of heart failure, as this may exacerbate cerebral hypoperfusion.

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22

Karen P. Fleming, Ph.D. and C. Wesley Jackson, JR., Ph.D. "Toward a Cognitive Map of Change." Gestalt Review 4, no. 4 (2000): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/gestaltreview.4.4.0330.

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23

McNaughton, Bruce L., and Rajat Saxena. "Route selection with a cognitive map." Neuron 110, no. 9 (May 2022): 1441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.015.

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24

Kuipers, Benjamin, Dan G. Tecuci, and Brian J. Stankiewicz. "The Skeleton In The Cognitive Map." Environment and Behavior 35, no. 1 (January 2003): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916502238866.

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25

Bray, Natasha. "Putting bats on the cognitive map." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 21, no. 9 (July 28, 2020): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-020-0358-3.

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26

Rueckemann, Jon W., and Elizabeth A. Buffalo. "Auditory landscape on the cognitive map." Nature 543, no. 7647 (March 2017): 631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/543631a.

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27

Yu, Jie, Chao Tao, Lingyu Xu, Haiqiao Wu, and Fangfang Liu. "Construction of Hierarchical Cognitive Academic Map." IEEE Access 5 (2017): 2141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2657790.

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28

Tsadiras, Athanasios K., and Konstantinos G. Margaritis. "Two neuron fuzzy cognitive map dynamics." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 67, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207169808804652.

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29

Jacobs, Lucia F. "The Evolution of the Cognitive Map." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 62, no. 2 (2003): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000072443.

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30

Shen, Fang, Jing Liu, and Kai Wu. "Evolutionary multitasking fuzzy cognitive map learning." Knowledge-Based Systems 192 (March 2020): 105294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2019.105294.

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31

Portugali, Juval. "The Mediterranean as a Cognitive Map." Mediterranean Historical Review 19, no. 2 (December 2004): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951896052000336418.

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32

BARTOLOVICH, CRYSTAL. "Putting "Tamburlaine" on a (Cognitive) Map." Renaissance Drama 28 (January 1997): 29–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/rd.28.41917335.

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33

Reid, Alliston K., and J. E. R. Staddon. "A reader for the cognitive map." Information Sciences 100, no. 1-4 (August 1997): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(97)00042-x.

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34

Austin, Diane. "Cultural Knowledge and the Cognitive Map." Practicing Anthropology 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.20.3.t06t68p2661j2674.

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Cultural preservation requires that the practices as well as the objects of culture be preserved. Too often, this is overlooked in the preservation of archaeological sites, historic buildings, and traditional cultural properties. As discussed in the articles in this issue, Native American cultures are recognized for their special ties to specific places. Traditionally, American Indians developed an understanding of their environments through regular use of these places and their resources. My work as an applied anthropologist brings me into regular contact with Native Americans, doing natural resource projects and facilitating interactions among tribes and U.S. Federal agencies. Much of my work is done in collaboration with tribes as they play more active roles in decision making about their traditional lands and natural resources, both on and off their reservations.

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35

Terrazas, A., and B. L. McNaughton. "Brain growth and the cognitive map." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 9 (April 25, 2000): 4414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4414.

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36

Dudchenko, Paul A., and Emma R. Wood. "Place fields and the cognitive map." Hippocampus 25, no. 6 (April 2, 2015): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22450.

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37

O’Donnell, Cian, and Terrence J. Sejnowski. "Street View of the Cognitive Map." Cell 164, no. 1-2 (January 2016): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.051.

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38

Brunec, Iva K., Melissa M. Nantais, Jennifer E. Sutton, Russell A. Epstein, and Nora S. Newcombe. "Exploration patterns shape cognitive map learning." Cognition 233 (April 2023): 105360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105360.

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39

Budanova, Vera. "The Cognitive Map of Barbarity: Term, Notion, Innovative Essence." ISTORIYA 12, no. 8 (106) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016978-4.

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The article presents a historical review and theoretical analysis of the cognitive map of barbarity as the basis for studying the basic terminology that has developed in barbaristics. For the first time, an attempt is made to analyze the cognitive potential of barbaristics, referring to its conceptual structure. The most significant terms, notions and innovative essences, their role in the structure of the barbarian's cognition are considered. It is emphasized that in the processes of symbol formation there was a movement from notion to innivative essence, in the study of the history of barbarity — from notional to conceptual cognition. The conditions of the general expansion of the archaic semantics of the term “barbarian” and the features of its translation and transmutation in time and space are considered. The key characteristics of the notion of “barbarity” as a stable socio-cultural phenomenon are identified and disclosed in historical retrospect. The emerging notions of «new» and «latent» barbarity are specially analyzed.

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40

Bennett, A. T. "Do animals have cognitive maps?" Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.219.

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Drawing on studies of humans, rodents, birds and arthropods, I show that 'cognitive maps' have been used to describe a wide variety of spatial concepts. There are, however, two main definitions. One, sensu Tolman, O'Keefe and Nadel, is that a cognitive map is a powerful memory of landmarks which allows novel short-cutting to occur. The other, sensu Gallistel, is that a cognitive map is any representation of space held by an animal. Other definitions with quite different meanings are also summarised. I argue that no animal has been conclusively shown to have a cognitive map, sensu Tolman, O'Keefe and Nadel, because simpler explanations of the crucial novel short-cutting results are invariably possible. Owing to the repeated inability of experimenters to eliminate these simpler explanations over at least 15 years, and the confusion caused by the numerous contradictory definitions of a cognitive map, I argue that the cognitive map is no longer a useful hypothesis for elucidating the spatial behaviour of animals and that use of the term should be avoided.

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41

Jacobs, Lucia F., and Françoise Schenk. "Unpacking the cognitive map: The parallel map theory of hippocampal function." Psychological Review 110, no. 2 (2003): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.110.2.285.

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42

Hillis, Argye E., Peter Barker, Eric Aldrich, John A. Ulatowski, Norman J. Beauchamp, and Wityk Robert. "Improved function and perfusion with pharmacological blood pressure elevation." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.319-c.

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20 A few studies have reported improved function in acute stroke with pharmacological elevation of mean arterial pressure (MAP), but statistical correlations between function and MAP have not been documented. We studied 10 acute-subacute stroke patients before, during, and after MAP elevation (using IV phenylephrine and oral agents), with detailed cognitive tests and serial MR perfusion and diffusion scans to identify relationships between MAP, deficits, and regional perfusion. Cognitive assessment included tests of word and sentence comprehension and naming (for dominant hemisphere stroke), and tests of copying and spatial attention (for nondominant stroke). Separate forms of each test, matched in difficulty, were administered daily. Blinded reviewers measured volume of hypoperfused regions on “time to peak” maps. Results: 5 patients showed striking correlations between MAP and 1 or more cognitive tests: in 4 aphasic patients MAP was highly correlated with both naming and word comprehension (r=.88–96; p<.0005-.002 across cases); in 1 case of nondominant stroke MAP was associated with copying score (r=.90; p<.04). Another 3 patients showed fairly high correlations between MAP and naming (r=.67; .78; .94, respectively) that did not reach significance (p=.06–0.12) likely due to too few data points. For each of these 8 cases increased MAP was associated with improved language or visuospatial function, and subsequent falls in MAP were associated with deterioration in function. The last 2 patients showed no significant MAP elevation with therapy and showed no substantial change in function. In 8/8 patients who showed increased MAP and improved cognition, serial MR perfusion scans demonstrated reduction of regional hypoperfusion while MAP (and function) increased. In 1 case, when MAP fell and function deteriorated, repeat perfusion scan showed reversal of the prior improved perfusion. Both (2/2) patients with no increase in MAP or function showed no improvement of perfusion with therapy. Conclusions: In selected patients with recent stroke, raising MAP can be associated both with improvement in specific domains of cognition and with improved regional cerebral perfusion.

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43

Yu, Qun Xiu, Shou Ming Zhang, Gui Hong Bi, and Chun Tao Wei. "The Application of the Fuzzy Cognitive Map among Intravenous Drug Users." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.428.

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This article carries on a research about spreading and imitating based on network modal of dynamic, complex and comparing various Agents. The Agent regarded as drug complex network nodes and combine Agent itself functions. Propose a dynamic complex network technology combined with Agent simulation model based on fuzzy cognitive map to study the spread of HIV. Using fuzzy cognitive map design with independent learning ability node agent based on personal emotion and cognition, agent considers the individual perception of the epidemic of surrounding environment, social discrimination, legal constraints strength, national testing and treatment, free needle exchange extrinsic and intrinsic factors in the environment of individual course, emotion, etc., Under the combined effect of individual values derived drug fuzzy cognitive map. Develop individualized decision rules to circumvent virus. This article studied the impact of fuzzy cognitive and social discrimination and legal factors on HIV transmission.

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44

Ogunti, Erastus O., Oluwasegun A. Somefun, Benedict T. Terkura, and Gideon E. Enoch. "Algorithm of Fully Fuzzy Cognitive Map Models." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.6.1325.

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Precision in the real world is covered by imprecision and arithmetic operations serve as the foundations of computation. Since the introduction of Fuzzy Cognitive mapping, the dynamic model used to establish the fuzzy cognitive map, used conventional arithmetic operations on asymmetric fuzzy sets.Therefore, for a cognitive map, to be completely fuzzy, it should incorporate the use of fuzzy arithmetic and fuzzy numbers in describing the concept nodes and the cause-effect lines defining its structure. It then can be stated that the necessary and sufficient condition for a cognitive map to be fully fuzzy is that its dynamic activity or operation, be achieved only through fuzzy mathematics.This paper presents an introductory analysis into the peculiar design of the fully fuzzy structure of the cognitive map.

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45

Lloyd, Robert. "Searching for Map Symbols: The Cognitive Processes." American Cartographer 15, no. 4 (January 1988): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304088783886829.

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46

Kesner, Raymond P., and Jeffrey M. Long. "Parietal cortex and a spatial cognitive map." Psychobiology 26, no. 2 (June 1998): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03330604.

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47

Bower, B. "Birds May Find Way with Cognitive Map." Science News 152, no. 21 (November 22, 1997): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3981175.

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Ulengin, F., and I. Topcu. "Cognitive Map: KBDSS Integration in Transportation Planning." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 11 (November 1997): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3010302.

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Homenda, Wladyslaw, Agnieszka Jastrzebska, and Witold Pedrycz. "Fuzzy Cognitive Map Reconstruction: Dynamics Versus History." Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/amis/100109.

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van Meter, Karl M., and William A. Turner. "A COGNITIVE MAP OF SOCIOLOGICAL AIDS RESEARCH." Current Sociology 40, no. 3 (December 1992): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001139292040003014.

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