Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognitive map'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cognitive map.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cognitive map.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Grieves, Roderick McKinlay. "The neural basis of a cognitive map." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21878.
Full textAbstract:
It has been proposed that as animals explore their environment they build and maintain a cognitive map, an internal representation of their surroundings (Tolman, 1948). We tested this hypothesis using a task designed to assess the ability of rats to make a spatial inference (take a novel shortcut)(Roberts et al., 2007). Our findings suggest that rats are unable to make a spontaneous spatial inference. Furthermore, they bear similarities to experiments which have been similarly unable to replicate or support Tolman’s (1948) findings. An inability to take novel shortcuts suggests that rats do not possess a cognitive map (Bennett, 1996). However, we found evidence of alternative learning strategies, such as latent learning (Tolman & Honzik, 1930b) , which suggest that rats may still be building such a representation, although it does not appear they are able to utilise this information to make complex spatial computations. Neurons found in the hippocampus show remarkable spatial modulation of their firing rate and have been suggested as a possible neural substrate for a cognitive map (O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978). However, the firing of these place cells often appears to be modulated by features of an animal’s behaviour (Ainge, Tamosiunaite, et al., 2007; Wood, Dudchenko, Robitsek, & Eichenbaum, 2000). For instance, previous experiments have demonstrated that the firing rate of place fields in the start box of some mazes are predictive of the animal’s final destination (Ainge, Tamosiunaite, et al., 2007; Ferbinteanu & Shapiro, 2003). We sought to understand whether this prospective firing is in fact related to the goal the rat is planning to navigate to or the route the rat is planning to take. Our results provide strong evidence for the latter, suggesting that rats may not be aware of the location of specific goals and may not be aware of their environment in the form of a contiguous map. However, we also found behavioural evidence that rats are aware of specific goal locations, suggesting that place cells in the hippocampus may not be responsible for this representation and that it may reside elsewhere (Hok, Chah, Save, & Poucet, 2013). Unlike their typical activity in an open field, place cells often have multiple place fields in geometrically similar areas of a multicompartment environment (Derdikman et al., 2009; Spiers et al., 2013). For example, Spiers et al. (2013) found that in an environment composed of four parallel compartments, place cells often fired similarly in multiple compartments, despite the active movement of the rat between them. We were able to replicate this phenomenon, furthermore, we were also able to show that if the compartments are arranged in a radial configuration this repetitive firing does not occur as frequently. We suggest that this place field repetition is driven by inputs from Boundary Vector Cells (BVCs) in neighbouring brain regions which are in turn greatly modulated by inputs from the head direction system. This is supported by a novel BVC model of place cell firing which predicts our observed results accurately. If place cells form the neural basis of a cognitive map one would predict spatial learning to be difficult in an environment where repetitive firing is observed frequently (Spiers et al., 2013). We tested this hypothesis by training animals on an odour discrimination task in the maze environments described above. We found that rats trained in the parallel version of the task were significantly impaired when compared to the radial version. These results support the hypothesis that place cells form the neural basis of a cognitive map; in environments where it is difficult to discriminate compartments based on the firing of place cells, rats find it similarly difficult to discriminate these compartments as shown by their behaviour. The experiments reported here are discussed in terms of a cognitive map, the likelihood that such a construct exists and the possibility that place cells form the neural basis of such a representation. Although the results of our experiments could be interpreted as evidence that animals do not possess a cognitive map, ultimately they suggest that animals do have a cognitive map and that place cells form a more than adequate substrate for this representation.
2
Martinelli, Earl Nicholas. "A Dynamic Time Course of Cognitive Map Distortion." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7892.
Full text
3
Debroy, Saptarshi. "Spectrum Map and its Application in Cognitive Radio Networks." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6265.
Full textAbstract:
Recent measurements on radio spectrum usage have revealed the abundance of underutilized bands of spectrum that belong to licensed users. This necessitated the paradigm shift from static to dynamic spectrum access. Cognitive radio based secondary networks that utilize such unused spectrum holes in the licensed band, have been proposed as a possible solution to the spectrum crisis. The idea is to detect times when a particular licensed band is unused and use it for transmission without causing interference to the licensed user. We argue that prior knowledge about occupancy of such bands and the corresponding achievable performance metrics can potentially help secondary networks to devise effective strategies to improve utilization.
In this work, we use Shepard's method of interpolation to create a spectrum map that provides a spatial distribution of spectrum usage over a region of interest. It is achieved by intelligently fusing the spectrum usage reports shared by the secondary nodes at various locations. The obtained spectrum map is a continuous and differentiable 2-dimension distribution function in space. With the spectrum usage distribution known, we show how different radio spectrum and network performance metrics like channel capacity, secondary network throughput, spectral efficiency, and bit error rate can be estimated. We show the applicability of the spectrum map in solving the intra-cell channel allocation problem in
centralized cognitive radio networks, such as IEEE 802.22. We propose a channel allocation scheme where the base station allocates interference free channels to the consumer premise equipments (CPE) using the spectrum map that it creates by fusing the spectrum usage information shared by some CPEs. The most suitable CPEs for information sharing are chosen on a dynamic basis using an iterative clustering algorithm. Next, we present a contention based media access control (MAC) protocol for distributed cognitive radio network. The unlicensed secondary users contend among themselves over a common control channel. Winners of the contention get to access the available channels ensuring high utilization and minimum collision with primary incumbent. Last, we propose a multi-channel, multi-hop routing protocol with secondary transmission power control. The spectrum map, created and maintained by a set of sensors, acts as the basis of finding the best route for every source destination pair. The proposed routing protocol ensures primary receiver protection and maximizes achievable link capacity.
Through simulation experiments we show the correctness of the prediction model and how it can be used by secondary networks for strategic positioning of secondary transmitter-receiver pairs and selecting the best candidate channels. The simulation model mimics realistic distribution of TV stations for urban and non-urban areas. Results validate the nature and accuracy of estimation, prediction of performance metrics, and efficiency of the allocation process in an IEEE 802.22 network. Results for the proposed MAC protocol show high channel utilization with primary quality of service degradation within a tolerable limit. Performance evaluation of the proposed routing scheme reveals that it ensures primary receiver protection through secondary power control and maximizes route capacity.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computing
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering
4
Akbari, Masoomeh. "Probabilistic Transitive Closure of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps: Algorithm Enhancement and an Application to Work-Integrated Learning." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41401.
Full textAbstract:
A fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is made up of factors and direct impacts. In graph
theory, a bipolar weighted digraph is used to model an FCM; its vertices represent the
factors, and the arcs represent the direct impacts. Each direct impact is either positive
or negative, and is assigned a weight; in the model considered in this thesis, each
weight is interpreted as the probability of the impact. A directed walk from factor F
to factor F' is interpreted as an indirect impact of F on F'. The probabilistic transitive
closure (PTC) of an FCM (or bipolar weighted digraph) is a bipolar weighted digraph
with the same set of factors, but with arcs corresponding to the indirect impacts in
the given FCM.
Fuzzy cognitive maps can be used to represent structured knowledge in diverse
fields, which include science, engineering, and the social sciences. In [P. Niesink, K.
Poulin, M. Sajna, Computing transitive closure of bipolar weighted digraphs, Discrete
Appl. Math. 161 (2013), 217-243], it was shown that the transitive closure provides
valuable new information for its corresponding FCM. In particular, it gives the total
impact of each factor on each other factor, which includes both direct and indirect
impacts. Furthermore, several algorithms were developed to compute the transitive
closure of an FCM. Unfortunately, computing the PTC of an FCM is computationally
hard and the implemented algorithms are not successful for large FCMs. Hence, the
Reduction-Recovery Algorithm was proposed to make other (direct) algorithms more
efficient. However, this algorithm has never been implemented before.
In this thesis, we code the Reduction-Recovery Algorithm and compare its running
time with the existing software. Also, we propose a new enhancement on the
existing PTC algorithms, which we call the Separation-Reduction Algorithm. In particular, we state and prove a new theorem that describes how to reduce the input
digraph to smaller components by using a separating vertex. In the application part
of the thesis, we show how the PTC of an FCM can be used to compare different
standpoints on the issue of work-integrated learning.
5
Kellams, Timothy Rossiter. "The mind, the narrative, and the city: how narratives of space make place in cognitive maps." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35517.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional & Community Planning
Brent Chamberlain
Narratives of urban experiences influence understanding of space and urban form. Narratives give meaning to space, creating memories of places and helping to define an individual’s cognitive map. The representation of narratives within cognitive maps impacts day to day activities, as well as, emotional, cultural, and social characteristics of one’s self. Planners and designers play an important role in crafting narratives through the implementation of designs and policies that together shape urban form. This research investigates the relationship between spatial cognitive schemas and narratives within cognitive maps. Specifically, how college students develop and use narratives within their cognitive map to help with living in a new and initially unfamiliar place of residence. Through mixed method analysis of drawn individual cognitive maps, an online survey, and a group discussion, results show that different types of experiences within narratives influence the likelihood of it appearing within the spatial cognitive schema. The findings suggest that narratives created by peak emotional experiences contain a longer and clearer representation within cognitive maps because of their personal value. By better understanding the role of these emotional responses and their connection with urban form, design professionals can aim to frame projects toward influencing individual’s lives. Understanding how individuals develop narratives of their new city may influence planning and design with the goal of creating urban projects that provide social and cultural significance through meaning of place.
6
BAILEY, CATHERINE SUZANNE. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL MEMORY STRATEGIES IN SQUIRREL MONKEYS (COGNITIVE MAP)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184043.
Full textAbstract:
When different development rates for psychological processes such as those in spatial memory exist, they can be linked to relevant brain areas via their different developmental rates. The hippocampus and caudate nucleus have been implicated in allocentric and egocentric spatial behavior changes found in youth and old age. Variation in allocentric and egocentric behavior in squirrel monkeys due to age was examined using a quadruple T-maze and animals in three age groups: 0.3 - 4 year olds, (n = 12), 5 - 10 year olds (n=12) and 11 - 17 year olds (n = 12). Subjects were trained to go to one of three goals in the maze from one of two training release locations. When they reached criterion for consistent responding, they were given probe trials pseudorandomly interspersed with the training trials in which they were released from one of the three other locations. The 12 test sessions were divided into three phases consisting of four sessions each. A 3 (age groups) x 3 (probe sites) x 3 (phases) mixed design ANOVA with repeated measures on the second and third factors revealed only a significant effect for probe site (F(1,33) = 14.55, p < .01) sing the Geisser-Greenhouse correction for heterogeneity of variance. The pattern of responding most clearly resembled route and was stable over testing. Age was not significant although there was a trend toward random behavior in young and more route-like behavior in older animals. Intrinsic maze cues effects on responding were examined. These data were analyzed using a 3 (age groups) x 2 (training groups) x 3 (probe sites) mixed design ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor, and again revealed only a significant probe site effect (F(1,33) = 14.55, p < .01). Thus cues intrinsic to the maze did not affect response pattern. Only 13 subjects clearly used one of the three spatial strategies: 6 route, 3 direction, and 4 place. Of the remaining 23 animals 11 were young, 5 were adult and 7 were mature. Two used a variation of place, three used a combination of strategies, four were idiosyncratic, 10 used proto-route (route-like, but not systematic enough to be route) and three were random. The use of place strategy by animals as young as 4 and as old as approximately 17 implicates hippocampal changes occurring outside this age range.
7
Reichherzer, Thomas Ralf. "A concept map-based approach to document indexing and navigation." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3358941.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Computer Science, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 10, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-05, Section: B, page: 3009. Adviser: David B. Leake.
8
Hossain, Sarmin. "Fuzzy cognitive map modelling the adoption of educational software in schools." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5381.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on modelling factors in the adoption of educational software in schools based on the perceptions of key stakeholders. Findings indicate educational software adoption in UK secondary schools is unsatisfactory. Given the potential of educational software to affect the learning process; the government's emphasis on developing software content for learning purposes and the concern that scarce resources in schools are wasted on software that is inappropriately used or not used at all, there is a need to ensure the successful take-up of educational software. This study aims to provide schools the means to facilitate better management of resources and achieve greater utilisation of educational software. The study in recognising the importance of stakeholders in any technological adoption considers modelling educational software adoption in schools, based on key stakeholders' perceptions. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs), considered extensions of cognitive maps used for modelling complex chains of casual relationships, are used as a modelling approach in this study. A mixed methods research approach is adopted. Participants, include students; a range of teachers; ICTCoordinators and ICT-Technicians, drawn from three UK secondary schools. The resulting FCM model offers a visual medium providing insight into the factors required in the take-up of educational software. Some factors identified include the availability and accessibility to IT facilities and equipment; the availability of educational software; software ability to satisfy learning requirements and to meet curriculum requirements. The model provides the means to identify factors which have a greater impact on educational software adoption, so scarce resources can be directed accordingly. As a holistic model it provides insight into the context of educational software adoption in schools. As a dynamic model it allows the opportunity to explore `what-if possibilities relating to policy and investment options. The model can act as a guide for planners, decision-makers and software developers.
9
De, Lima Amaral Camilo. "The reproduction of architecture : a cognitive map to traverse the discipline." Thesis, University of East London, 2017. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/6722/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to develop a cognitive map of architectural reproduction to better understand it as both a medium for and the end result of disciplinary practices. To this end, the production of architectural space is understood as a form of mediation in which social relations are reproduced. This analysis is undertaken in an original manner – departing from live experiments in design workshops; using tools of Marxist cultural theory, the sociology of art, and accounts of the production of subjectivity; and focusing on the contradiction between ‘discipline’ and ‘dialectic’. The aim is to investigate possible routes for counter-hegemonic architectural practices that confront ideology and engage in politics. This cognitive map thus aims to clarify – in order to question – the traditional myths of the field and the notion of the individual architectural genius as an independent agent. To call these myths into question, we present an alternative to the narrative of the individual architect as the engine of architectural history – namely, transindividuality – and conceptualise architecture as the production of ‘things’ – understanding such objects as reifications of social relations. Restoring architecture’s dialectical relationship with the social mode of spatial production, the idea of a ‘reproduction of architecture’ reveals its triple meaning: society reproduces the discipline; the discipline reproduces society; and architecture reproduces itself by reproducing subjectivities. For this reason, architecture will be investigated in terms of its processes of estrangement and the resulting reproduction. Estrangement will be investigated in terms of its deadlocks, its discipline, and its conception of the subject. Reproduction will be investigated in terms of its reification (production of things), its fetish (the technique of hiding artifices), and its phantasies (narratives that justify desire). The result is a cognitive map that is conceived as a tool for traversing the myths that reproduce architecture – in the sense that it provides aesthetic perceptions of these phenomena and enables self-reflexivity for collective subjects.
10
Schurr, Kelly Laural. "Cognitive Structural Change and the Technological Design Process." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22014.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing challenges from international competition and domestic demands for a technologically literate workforce, pressure is growing on the educational system to produce students that are literate in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Integrative STEM education utilizes design-based pedagogical approaches to teach science/math content and practices concurrently with technology/engineering content and practices (Wells & Ernst, 2012, para. 2). The discipline of technology education has traditionally implemented design-based pedagogical approaches. However, the discipline has not demonstrated through empirical research that its existence and pedagogies are beneficial to student learning and cognition (Lewis, 1999, 2006; Petrina, 1998; Wells, 2008, 2010; Zuga, 1994, 1997, 2001).The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the technological design-based approach to teaching biotechnology literacy supports students\' connections of science and technology concepts. Grounded in Ausubel\'s (1968) theory on meaningful learning and Novak\'s (1980) advanced organizer of concept mapping, this study examined evidence of high school students\' cognitive structural change throughout the technological design-based approach to instruction. At three key intervals throughout the technological design process, students developed concept maps to document their understanding of the biology and technology concepts presented within the instructional materials. Data for this study included the students\' constructed concept maps. To analyze the concept maps, the researcher used Hay et al.\'s (2008) three-method analysis for measuring the quality of students\' learning, and a qualitative analysis.
Data analysis across all four methods indicated that all participants experienced a varying degree of growth in biology, technology, and integrative concepts and connections. Collectively this study supports the notion that the technological design-based approach to instruction does indeed (1) encourage meaningful learning, and (2) increase students\' use of higher order thinking indicated by their abilities to demonstrate their use of schematic and strategic knowledge within their concept maps. The results of this study have direct implications within the areas of Technology Education, Science Education, classroom practice, and concept mapping. The discussion and implications suggest the need to expand the research conducted within this study, and to improve the methods for concept mapping analysis.
Ph. D.
11
Rieger, Monika Katerine. "A cognitive analysis of map users' understanding of Geographic Information Systems' images." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20766.pdf.
Full text
12
Atasoy, Guzide. "Using Cognitive Maps For Modeling Project Success." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608545/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In order to evaluate a project as successful or not, initially, the questions of &ldquowhat are the factors affecting the success&rdquo
and &ldquo
according to whom and which criteria should the success be measured&rdquo
should be answered. Both the factors and their influences vary depending on a project&rsquo
s specific characteristics, different environmental factors affecting it, and different parties involved. These factors are not independent of each other and the interrelationship between them should be investigated as a whole in order to model the project success. Moreover, parties involved in a project usually have different objectives and the performance indicators used to measure project success differ according to company priorities, preferences and attitudes. Thus, there exists a need to develop a project success model that contains the interrelationships between factors such as risks, decisions, and strategies, project success criteria, objectives and the relations of the factors with the objectives. A cognitive map (CM) is a strong visual tool to reflect the beliefs and knowledge of people about a situation or domain, identifying the causes, effects and the relations between them. This qualitative technique being enhanced by quantifiable properties makes it appropriate to be utilized to model the project success. As a result, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the application of CMs as a powerful tool for modeling project success. It is hypothesized that CMs can be effectively used to model the factors affecting success of a construction project, to reflect the interrelations between project success factors, to demonstrate the different objectives of parties involved in a project and show how the project success can be defined differently, by different parties. This technique is applied to a real construction project realized in Turkey. CMs of two consortium contractors and client organization involved in the project are constructed and the differences between the perceptions of three parties are revealed by content and structural analyses. Finally, the benefits and shortcomings of using CMs for modeling project success are discussed by referring to case study findings.
13
Zhao, Youping. "Enabling Cognitive Radios through Radio Environment Maps." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27826.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, cognitive radios and cognitive wireless networks have been introduced as a new paradigm for enabling much higher spectrum utilization, providing more reliable and personal radio services, reducing harmful interference, and facilitating the interoperability or convergence of different wireless communication networks. Cognitive radios are goal-oriented, autonomously learn from experience and adapt to changing operating conditions. Cognitive radios have the potential to drive the next generation of radio devices and wireless communication system design and to enable a variety of niche applications in demanding environments, such as spectrum-sharing networks, public safety, natural disasters, civil emergencies, and military operations.
This research first introduces an innovative approach to developing cognitive radios based on the Radio Environment Map (REM). The REM can be viewed as an integrated database that provides multi-domain environmental information and prior knowledge for cognitive radios, such as the geographical features, available services and networks, spectral regulations, locations and activities of neighboring radios, policies of the users and/or service providers, and past experience. The REM, serving as a vehicle of network support to cognitive radios, can be exploited by the cognitive engine for most cognitive functionalities, such as situation awareness, reasoning, learning, planning, and decision support. This research examines the role of the REM in cognitive radio development from a network point of view, and focuses on addressing three specific issues about the REM: how to design and populate the REM; how to exploit the REM with the cognitive engine algorithms; and how to evaluate the performance of the cognitive radios. Applications of the REM to wireless local area networks (WLAN) and wireless regional area networks (WRAN) are investigated, especially from the perspectives of interference management and radio resource management, which illustrate the significance of cognitive radios to the evolution of wireless communications and the revolution in spectral regulation. Network architecture for REM-enabled cognitive radios and framework for REM-enabled situation-aware cognitive engine learning algorithms have been proposed and formalized. As an example, the REM, including the data model and basic application programmer interfaces (API) to the cognitive engine, has been developed for cognitive WRAN systems. Furthermore, REM-enabled cognitive cooperative learning (REM-CCL) and REM-enabled case- and knowledge-based learning algorithms (REM-CKL) have been proposed and validated with link-level or network-level simulations and a WRAN base station cognitive engine testbed. Simulation results demonstrate that the WRAN CE can adapt orders of magnitude faster when using the REM-CKL than when using the genetic algorithms and achieve near-optimal global utility by leveraging the REM-CKL and a local search. Simulation results also suggest that exploiting the Global REM information can considerably improve the performance of both primary and secondary users and mitigate the hidden node (or hidden receiver) problem. REM dissemination schemes and the resulting overhead have been investigated and analyzed under various network scenarios. By extending the optimized link state routing protocol, the overhead of REM dissemination in wireless ad hoc networks via multipoint relays can be significantly reduced by orders of magnitude as compared to plain flooding. Performance metrics for various cognitive radio applications are also proposed. REM-based scenario-driven testing (REM-SDT) has been proposed and employed to evaluate the performances of the cognitive engine and cognitive wireless networks. This research shows that REM is a viable, cost-efficient approach to developing cognitive radios and cognitive wireless networks with significant potential in various applications. Future research recommendations are provided in the conclusion.Ph. D.
14
Dogusoy, Berrin. "Cognitive Analysis Of Experts'." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614483/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, Concept map (CM) development processes of the experts and novices were explored. This studyaimed to investigate the similarities and differences among novices and experts&rsquoCM development process regarding their cognitive processes. Two experiments were designed
eye-tracking, written and verbal data were collected from 29 pre-service teachers and 6 subject matter experts.Data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The results indicated that eventhough some of the strategies were similar, there were different patterns followed by the experts and novices during the CM development process. Both experts and novices embraced &lsquo
deductive reasoning&rsquo
, and preferred &lsquo
hierarchical&rsquo
type of CMs. The other patterns recognized during the process were&lsquo
filling information in an order&rsquo
, &lsquo
branch construction pattern&rsquo
,&lsquo
content richness&rsquo
and &lsquo
progress pattern&rsquo
. Novices and experts were distinguished in their content richness measures which used to determine the quality of the maps. Regarding the progress pattern, novices and experts differed in terms of the frequency and duration for specific acts invarious phases of their progress in CM development process. Furthermore, expert participants differed from novices in their fixation count numbers, fixation durations, visit duration periods for specific actions. Fixation count numbers of the novices were higher than the experts during the entire process and in specific dimensions of the CM development process. As a conclusion, these pattern differences affect the CM development process directly and the instructors need to give emphasis to these critical points while using CM during the instruction, and with the help of these pattern differences, instructors could guide the learner effectively and acquire content rich CMs.
15
Kim, Yongtaek 1968. "Event construal and its linguistic encoding: Towards an Extended Semantic Map model." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10329.
Full textAbstract:
xvi, 185 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation investigates constructional alternation among the English verb- at , verb- away-at , and verb- away constructions. The primary purpose is to lay a fundamental conceptual framework on the interrelation between how we perceive a situation in an external world and how we construe it as an event structure in a conceptualized world to encode it linguistically. This study suggests an Extended Semantic Map (hereafter ESM) model. It presents an in-depth analysis of the three constructions, derived from the BNC (British National Corpus), and resultative constructions in Korean and Japanese. I argue that language has conceptual bases rooted in perception and cognitive construal. Construal allows one to view the same situation in a number of alternative ways. Construal is closely related to distribution of attention, which has two main patterns: focus of attention and windowing of attention. Focus of attention is mainly based on perceptual prominence. It is placed on participants and is typically encoded in the selection and arrangement of nominals. Windowing of attention operates on cognitive prominence. It is a cognitive process to segment some relation(s) out of an event structure. It is typically encoded in predicate or adverbial expressions. I further argue that any mismatch between perceptual and cognitive prominence requires overt marking. For example, the English passive construction requires the overt marking of ' be/get + past participle,' which directs an addressee's primary focus of attention to a perceptually secondary but cognitively primary patient. It also places windowing of attention on the perceptually secondary but cognitively primary Change. Windowing and focus of attention will be used to define the X- and Y-axes of the ESM. The X-axis consists of five causal relations -- Volition, Activity, Force Transfer, Change, and State, on which attention is windowed. The Y-axis is composed of four types of configuration for the semantic roles of the participants -- Agent, Agent-Location, Agent-Theme, and Theme. The ESM visually maps relations among constructions within and across languages. It illustrates how event structures can be categorized typically as either [Activity]-windowing or [Change]-windowing. Finally, it also allows us to represent cross-linguistic differences in the available constructions for construing event structures.
Committee in charge: Eric Pederson, Chairperson, Linguistics; Scott DeLancey, Member, Linguistics; Doris Payne, Member, Linguistics; Kaori Idemaru, Outside Member, East Asian Languages & Literatures
16
Mazzuto, Giovanni. "Fuzzy Cognitive Maps tools for Industrial Engineering." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242871.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi "Fuzzy Cognitive Maps tools for Industrial Engineering", riguarda la valutazione dell'applicazione di uno strumento quale la Mappa Cognitiva Fuzzy nell'ambito industriale. Ciò risiede nel fatto che, il suddetto strumento, nato nel settore delle scienze sociale, considera rilevante l'aspetto sociale ed umano associato ad un particolare problema.
In tutti i problemi di ottimizzazione di un processo, o di risoluzione di un particolare problema, è possibile scegliere macchine che lavorino di più e meglio, oppure compiere azioni di correzione svariate, ma è necessario considerare che, chi lavora con tali macchine o esegue tali azioni è un individuo, soggetto a paure, insicurezze e stati d'animo differenti. Tutti aspetti che ne possono modificare le azioni comportamentali e di conseguenza anche la produttività.
Con le Mappe Cognitive Fuzzy, si vuole quindi far interagire i diversi operatori nel processo decisionale di un'azienda. Punto focale di tale metodo è il lavoro in gruppi di esperti per l'identificazione e risoluzione di un dato quesito. Gruppo di esperti che deve, necessariamente, coprire tutte le aree di competenza associate al problema in questione. Ogni individuo ha modalità di approccio ad un problema in relazioni alle sue mansioni nello stesso. È proprio questa la potenza di tale strumento. La diversa astrazione mentale di un problema, condivisa con il gruppo, permette di evidenziare connessioni causali tra fenomeni, finora sconosciuti o conosciuti da pochi.
Nell'elaborato presentato, tale strumento è stato impiegato per la gestione di quattro problemi differenti: Gestione del farmaco, Selezione dei fornitori, Analisi degli infortuni e Analisi criticità.
In tutte e quattro le situazioni analizzate, gli esperti hanno individuato alcuni aspetti positivi della tipologia di approccio. Il coinvolgimento di tutti i livelli di operatività nel processo di decision making ha infatti prodotto una maggiore attenzione da parte degli operatori alla vita delle aziende prese in considerazione.The proposed thesis highlighted the potential of cognitive maps in their explanatory and reflective functions and their value in support of decision making within organizations in a phase of any consolidation of the cognitive distances involved. Intelligent agents use mental models and have various “internal” processes (physical, mental, emotional) as they interact with other agents. Encourage group members to produce their own learning and cognitive maps represent their mental models that can have multiple functions in the formation, whether or not assisted by the network. The considered areas of study are characterized by complexity requiring the investigation of new advanced methods for modelling and development of sophisticated systems. In order to improve the communication between the different actors in relation to the factors, it becomes important to recognize that the mental models that characterize them influence the way they perceive the world and, consequently, the risks. The information collected through this analysis have been used both as a basis for the definition of strategies of risk communication, and as a guide for the negotiation process aimed at reducing existing levels of conflict and, at improving the mitigation measures to be taken. On the basis of the results obtained, it becomes important to encourage administrators to increase the dissemination of information about previous responsibilities relating to risk management, and the future ones relating to possible measures to be undertaken in a specific area. The proposed PhD thesis analyses some cases of study. It has been described the application of the FCM in the suppliers' selection sector, specifically, in the new product development process; in the analysis of injury events on workplace, where the social aspect has a great relevance; it has been analysed in order to define a new ranking method, in an Italian company, for defining a criticality indicator for the equipment and a proper maintenance program and, finally, the FCM has been applied in the Healthcare sector and, specifically, it has been used to define the main causes affecting the drug administration risk.
17
Schummers, James M. (James Matthew) 1973. "Influence of the structure of the orientation preference map on the responses of V1 neurons." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29987.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2003.Includes bibliographical references.
The large majority of inputs to primary visual cortex (V1) neurons arise from the dense local projections of neighboring neurons. Although several proposals have been made, it is not known what role these connections play in shaping the response properties of V1 neurons. It was reasoned that the influence of local inputs on orientation tuning should be different at different locations in the orientation map, because the available data suggest that the orientation composition of the local connections varies with location in the map. In particular, near pinwheel centers, neurons of varying orientation preferences are likely to be connected, whereas far from pinwheel centers, the local connections are likely to only connect similarly tuned neurons. To approach this issue, the responses of neurons at pinwheel centers, and in orientation domains have been compared. The subthreshold responses are found to have much broader orientation tuning near pinwheel centers, reflecting the broader orientation specificity of local connectivity. However, the broad subthreshold inputs are filtered out by the spike threshold and strong inhibition, such that spike tuning is similar at all locations in the orientation map. Spike tuning in pinwheel neurons is found to be sharp during the entire timecourse of the response, suggesting that the mechanism that sharpens the broad inputs is rapid and stable. The broad connectivity near pinwheel centers also leads to correlated firing between pairs of neurons with widely different orientation preferences. Thus, the local inputs to a V1 neuron depend on its location in the orientation map, but the inputs are filtered to produce sharp orientation tuning, regardless of the selectivity of the inputs.
by James M. Schummers.
Ph.D.
18
Nieh, Jo-Yen. "Integrated range-Doppler map and extended target classification with adaptive waveform for cognitive radar." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44632.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedWe set out to design an extended target classification scheme while determining the target’s range-and-Doppler location with the use of adaptive waveform for a closed-loop cognitive radar platform. To that end, this work is divided into three objectives: 1) in support of determining range-Doppler locations, we investigate the ambiguity function of the matched waveform called eigenwaveform, 2) in support of target classification, we look at an adaptive waveform technique called probability-weighted eigenwaveform (PWE) and introduce two new waveforms, and 3) we design an integrated range-Doppler map and extended target classification scheme. In this work, we show that the fundamental properties of ambiguity function for extended targets are different when compared to classical waveforms for point targets. We improve on the adaptive waveform called maximum a posteriori PWE and introduce two new waveforms called match-filtered PWE and two-stage PWE. We propose an integrated range-Doppler map and identification scheme for multiple moving extended targets. Performance comparisons in terms of joint probability of identification and determining targets’ range-Doppler locations with traditional wideband waveform and the three PWE-based waveforms are shown. It is shown that the three PWE-based waveforms perform better than the classical wideband waveform.
19
Reardon, Linda Brown. "The effects of presentation mode and cognitive style on immediate recall of map information." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49873.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the use of varying formats for presenting complex visual information in the form of fictitious maps. There were three treatment formats, two which sequenced the map information by conceptual category (i.e., roads, geographic features, boundaries), and a third which used a normal intact map format. The two sequenced presentations differed in that the first was additive; that is, each visual in the sequence built upon the preceding one by adding a category of information until the complete map was displayed. The second simply displayed one conceptual category per visual.
The cognitive style field dependence-independence was also examined as potentially related to map-learning ability based on the greater cognitive restructuring ability of the field independent orientation. lt was predicted that the achievement of field-dependent students would be higher with the sequenced map treatments, and the achievement of the field-independent students would be higher with the intact map treatment. The research questions were:
1. Does dividing map information into either an Additive sequence or a Part-by-Part sequence affect performance on a map-learning task?
2. Do students classified as held dependent, moderately field - independent, or held independent differ in their performance on a map-learning task?
3. Is there an interaction across visual design format with cognitive style?
The sample for this study was composed of 92 four-year college students. Level of held dependence was measured by the GEFT. The analysis of the 3 X 3 research design was by a two-way analysis of variance with posttest scores (which measured immediate recall of map information) as the dependent variable. Map presentation format and cognitive style were independent variables. Results indicated there was no difference in achievement among the three map presentation formats, but that cognitive style was significantly related to posttest scores; that is, a higher level of held independence was associated with more effective map-learning performance.Ed. D.
incomplete_metadata
20
Lawrence, Megan McNally 1977. "Behavioral and neurological studies in tactile map reading and training by persons who are blind or visually impaired." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11564.
Full textAbstract:
xiii, 103 p. : ill. (some col.)This research investigates the relationship between map use tasks, spatial abilities and training-based effects in persons who are blind or visually impaired. A mixed-method approach using theories and methods in behavioral geography, tactile cartography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have produced finds that identify both behaviorally-based as well as biologically-based impacts resulting from systematic tactile map use and spatial thinking training. The neurological results indicate that prior to training a dominant egocentric/route strategy is used to answer all experimental map tasks, while after training an allocentric/survey strategy is used. The current study demonstrates that the adoption of an allocentric perspective is coupled with improved behavioral performance. The findings provide supporting evidence that people who are blind are capable of learning and applying sophisticated spatial strategies. The systematic progression from egocentric/route processing to allocentric/survey processing in the participant population follows traditional developmental models of spatial knowledge.
Committee in charge: Amy Lobben, Chairperson; Andrew Marcus, Member; Patrick Bartlein, Member; Michal Young, Outside Member
21
Lea, Erin J. "Road map: The utility of cognitive assessments to predict the driving capacity of geriatric veterans." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1372441395.
Full text
22
Atit, Kinnari. "Pattern Identification or 3D Visualization? How Best to Learn Topographic Map Comprehension." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/254701.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) experts employ many representations that novices find hard to use because they require a critical STEM skill, interpreting two-dimensional (2D) diagrams that represent three-dimensional (3D) information. The current research focuses on learning to interpret topographic maps. Understanding topographic maps requires knowledge of how to interpret the conventions of contour lines, and skill in visualizing that information in 3D (e.g. shape of the terrain). Novices find both tasks difficult. The present study compared two interventions designed to facilitate understanding for topographic maps to minimal text-only instruction. The 3D Visualization group received instruction using 3D gestures and models to help visualize three topographic forms. The Pattern Identification group received instruction using pointing and tracing gestures to help identify the contour patterns associated with the three topographic forms. The Text-based Instruction group received only written instruction explaining topographic maps. All participants then completed a measure of topographic map use. The Pattern Identification group performed better on the map use measure than participants in the Text-based Instruction group, but no significant difference was found between the 3D Visualization group and the other two groups. These results suggest that learning to identify meaningful contour patterns is an effective strategy for learning how to comprehend topographic maps. Future research should address if learning strategies for how to interpret the information represented on a diagram (e.g. identify patterns in the contour lines), before trying to visualize the information in 3D (e.g. visualize the 3D structure of the terrain), also facilitates students' comprehension of other similar types of diagrams.
Temple University--Theses
23
Horng, Sam H. "Identification and functional characterization of two patterning genes, Zic4 and Ten_m3, in topographic map formation of the visual pathway." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58371.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, February 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-123).
A central feature of visual pathway development is its organization into retinotopic maps. The developmental process by which these maps form involves a transition from early patterning cues to arrays of axonal guidance factors allowing the relative order of retinotopic axons to be preserved. Mechanisms linking patterning molecules of early development to topographic wiring and subsequent functional responses are not well understood. In this thesis, I performed a microarray screen comparing gene expression in early visual and auditory regions of the thalamus in order to identify early patterning candidates with a potential role in visual pathway differentiation. Among the candidates enriched in the visual thalamus, the transcription factor, Zic4, was found to be expressed in gradients of the developing retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex (V 1). Mice lacking Zic4 exhibited a deficit in eye-specific patterning to the thalamus that was complementary to the phenotype seen in mice lacking Tenm3, a type II homophilic transmembrane receptor and transcriptional regulator. Using intrinsic signal optical imaging techniques, I characterized the functional properties of primary visual cortical retinotopic maps in Zic4 and Ten_m3 null mice and identified complementary changes in the ipsilateral representation of V1, as well as evidence for eye-specific mismatch in the cortical binocular zone. Additionally, complementary positional shifts in VI were found in these mutants identifying a bidirectional modulation of mapping mechanisms in the visual pathway.
(cont.) In order to test whether Zic4 and Ten_m3 interact in serial or parallel pathways, I analyzed the retinogeniculate and cortical maps in the combination mutant. The Ten_m3/Zic4 double null mouse exhibited a partial rescue of retinogeniculate mapping and a complete reversal of the cortical changes found in either mutant alone, suggesting that the two genes interact to modulate common downstream effectors in opposite directions. In sum, this thesis presents a gene microarray screen used to identify Zic4 as a novel visual patterning gene, characterizes its loss-of-function phenotype on retinotopic mapping in the thalamus and cortex, and studies its antagonistic interaction with Ten_m3, another visual pathway patterning gene with a complementary loss-of-function phenotype.
by Sam H. Horng.
Ph.D.
24
Alfattani, Safwan. "Indirect Methods for Constructing Radio Environment Map." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35666.
Full textAbstract:
To solve the spectrum scarcity problem caused by the high number of wireless applications and users, the concept of cognitive radio (CR) was proposed in the past few years. Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) provide dynamic spectrum access (DSA), where the unlicensed users can access the spectrum without causing unacceptable level of interference to the primary user (PU). DSA was based on conventional spectrum sensing information or geolocation databases. Later,
radio environment map (REM) as an improved geolocation database was introduced to enhance the DSA process. It is a comprehensive map consists of different integrated databases, and the interference field information is one of its databases.
In this thesis, a description of the REM concept and its construction methods will be
presented. The focus will be for the indirect methods for constructing interference map, which represents a layer of the REM. Indirect method refers to the methods that utilize known model information, to first estimate the primary transmitter parameters and then generate REM. Two indirect methods under lognormal shadowing were presented and compared. The better of these two methods is further investigated in different scenarios. These scenarios include different
number of sensors, varied size of measurements, several shadowing spread values, different percentages of error in path-loss exponent, and the effect of the number of moving sensors and their speeds to the REM quality. The performance is evaluated using these metrics: “localization error, signal power error and correct detection zone ratio (CDZR). The results show that performance is enhanced as the number of sensors and the size of measurements increase, whereas clear degradation in REM quality is shown when shadowing spread increases or the model parameters are not well calibrated. Also, as the number of moving sensors or their speeds
increase, the REM performance becomes less effective
25
Whitwer, Judith Johnson. "Control theory as a cognitive map for marital case analysis and for developing pastoral counseling strategies." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
26
Wickstead, Jacqueline Ellen. "Using primary school children's cognitive map representations as a means of measuring their overall general mapping ability." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250540.
Full textAbstract:
It is always good geographical practice to start with what is on one's own doorstep. The starting point for this research is even nearer than that. It starts with the child's own internal cognitive map. This research (working within a Piagetian paradigm) attempts to use primary school children's cognitive map representations (drawn and verbal) of two different but familiar large-scale environments as a means of measuring their overall general mapping ability. One of the aims was to construct an instrument that could be used by teachers in their classrooms that would produce reliable and generalisable judgements of primary school children's overall general mapping ability. For the purpose of this research, Hart and Moore's (1973) definition of the term cognitive map representations as including drawings; published maps, vertical aerial photographs, verbal reports and models will be used. The definition for overall general mapping includes separate variables relating to stages of development, cartographic concepts, cartographic features, verbal directional and environmental perception responses, the interpretation of large-scale Ordnance Survey maps and vertical aerial photographs. Although separate variables have been identified and methods developed for their assessment, to date there does not seem to have been an attempt to find an overall general measure. The research questions were "Can a method be developed to measure children's overall general mapping ability?" If so, "Can it be used across the primary age range with a wide variety of pupils at different stages of development?" In addition, "Should an emergent stage be included to accommodate children who could not be placed into a stage of development. Finally, because there is still speculation concerning gender, the question "Are there gender differences in mapping ability?" was also considered. The population comprised three schools and a stratified sample of six boys and six girls from each of the seven primary year groups (252 children). The children were asked to draw maps of two different but familiar large-scale areas, to verbally describe a route on each map, indicate their environmental perception responses, identify features on large scale Ordnance Survey maps and vertical aerial photographs of both familiar areas. The stages of development variable, producing a qualitative measure, although interrelated, was not compatible with the other variables producing a quantitative measure. This was considered as a separate variable and used as an indicator of any correlation between stages of development and the variables producing a quantitative measure. Although the results relating to the stages of development variable highlighted complexities, the majority of children's drawn cognitive map representations were placed at the projective one stage of development. The results of the overall general mapping ability variable showed that, for the sample as a whole, the mean of pupil performances on Map Area B was significantly higher than the mean of Map Area A. Although there is still speculation about gender differences the results showed that there were no significant differences between girls and boys overall.
27
Al-Ibrahim, Najeh Mohammed Mohammed. "Integrování společenského života a urbánní prostorové syntaxe." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233232.
Full textAbstract:
Studium prostorové syntaxe a prostorového poznání (vnímání) ukázalo a určilo statistický vztah mezi vlastnostmi prostoru a prostorovým poznáváním (schopnost jednotlivců připomenout a představit si mapu prostoru). Disertační práce zdůrazňuje aspekt prostorového poznávání, který je založen na podobě a kvalitě prostředí. Prezentuje myšlenku, že poznávací mapování jako proces je kulturně vymezený. Jeho výsledky jsou přejímány a filtrovány z prostředí, v němž lidé žijí. To znamená, že mohou vznikat různé výsledky poznávacího mapování a různé výsledky založené na lidských hodnotách. Pokud by se prokázalo, že proces je ovlivněn hodnotami lidí a jejich kulturními návyky, znamenalo by to, že existuje další faktor individuální mentální reprezentace prostoru. Ten zahrnuje aspekty, které pomáhají jednotlivcům získat specifické povědomí o tom, co je pro ně vyhovující prostředí. Cílem disertační práce je analyzovat tento předpoklad zkoumáním vztahu mezi vlastnostmi prostoru a prostorovým poznáváním a prokázat, že rozdíl v kultuře lidí ovlivňuje tento vztah. V práci jsou zodpovězeny dvě klíčové otázky: První - zda existuje souvislost mezi prostorovým vnímáním a satisfakcí lidí z jejich životního prostředí, a druhá - zda taková spokojenost ovlivňuje vztah mezi prostorovým uspořádáním a prostorovým poznáním. Další otázka plynoucí z analýzy zní: Které kulturní hodnoty jsou spojeny s procesem prostorového poznání? Mezi hlavní nástroje a postupy používané v práci patří: software prostorové syntaxe, analýza vlastností prostoru v rámci dvou studijních oblastí - Brno centrum města (Česká Republika) a staré Město Damašek (Sýrie), dotazník zkoumající spokojenost lidí, test prostorového mapování a pozorování chodců. Z analýzy vyplývá: Za prvé - existuje vztah mezi prostorovým poznáním a satisfakcí, za druhé - prostorové poznání má tendenci být ovlivněno nejen strukturou prostoru, ale také způsobem, jakým ho lidé vnímají a jaký mu přisuzují smysl. Práce se snaží celkově objasnit vliv prostorové konfigurace na vztah mezi lidmi a prostorem, zvlášť na vztah mezi prostorovou konfigurací a množstvím lidí v prostoru.
28
Gönner, Lorenz, Julien Vitay, and Fred Hamker. "Predictive Place-Cell Sequences for Goal-Finding Emerge from Goal Memory and the Cognitive Map: A Computational Model." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-230378.
Full textAbstract:
Hippocampal place-cell sequences observed during awake immobility often represent previous experience, suggesting a role in memory processes. However, recent reports of goals being overrepresented in sequential activity suggest a role in short-term planning, although a detailed understanding of the origins of hippocampal sequential activity and of its functional role is still lacking. In particular, it is unknown which mechanism could support efficient planning by generating place-cell sequences biased toward known goal locations, in an adaptive and constructive fashion. To address these questions, we propose a model of spatial learning and sequence generation as interdependent processes, integrating cortical contextual coding, synaptic plasticity and neuromodulatory mechanisms into a map-based approach. Following goal learning, sequential activity emerges from continuous attractor network dynamics biased by goal memory inputs. We apply Bayesian decoding on the resulting spike trains, allowing a direct comparison with experimental data. Simulations show that this model (1) explains the generation of never-experienced sequence trajectories in familiar environments, without requiring virtual self-motion signals, (2) accounts for the bias in place-cell sequences toward goal locations, (3) highlights their utility in flexible route planning, and (4) provides specific testable predictions.
29
Amer, Muhammad. "Extending Technology Roadmap through Fuzzy Cognitive Map-based Scenarios: The Case of the Wind Energy Sector of Pakistan." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/999.
Full textAbstract:
In this modern era, energy is a key element required for sustainable development and prosperity of a society. Pakistan is an energy deficient country facing problems due to the shortage of over 4000 MW of electricity. The national energy sector is heavily dependent on imported fossil-fuel resources. The energy crisis is negatively affecting all economic and business activities, and it is widely recognized as a severe obstacle to growth and poverty reduction in the country. Establishment of wind farms can help to overcome the energy crisis.
In this research, a national level wind energy roadmap is developed through scenario planning. Multiple future scenarios are developed using the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach. This research has extended technology roadmapping through FCM-based scenario analysis. Building scenarios with FCM is a very new approach, and for the first time FCM-based scenarios are developed for the wind energy sector of Pakistan. Based on these multiple scenarios, a technology roadmap has been developed. This research approach is applied to the wind energy sector of Pakistan as a case study.
This approach has been used to establish objectives and national targets of the roadmap. Then in a systematic way, critical roadmap barriers are identified against each scenario, and appropriate action items have been proposed to overcome barriers and promote deployment of wind energy projects in Pakistan. The objectives and targets of the roadmap have been translated into action items. The technology roadmap has four layers: strategic objectives, targets, barriers, and action items. Expert panels have been utilized to develop scenarios and technology roadmaps. Validation of this research is also carried out using experts. This new approach has helped to develop a robust roadmap and enabled anticipation of a wide range of possible future outcomes.
This research fills an important gap by combining scenario planning and technology roadmapping techniques in future studies, and it has enhanced flexibility of the developed roadmap. Moreover, for the first time multiple and plausible FCM-based scenarios are developed, which combine the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Moreover, the technology roadmap for the wind energy sector of Pakistan is developed with a comprehensive study of practical obstacles and barriers towards deployment of wind energy technology. The research findings suggest that policy, financial, economic, lack of competition with conventional power plants, and technical are the most critical barriers towards deployment of wind energy projects in the country. Appropriate action items required to overcome the roadmap barriers against each scenario are also proposed in the developed roadmap. The experts also assigned responsibilities for the key roadmap action items to the major stakeholders.
30
Liu, Xi. "Improving the performance of airport luggage inspection by providing cognitive and perceptual supports to screeners." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19048.
Full textAbstract:
Recently concern about aviation security has focused on the work of airport security screeners who detect threat items in passengers' luggage. An effective method of training and screening is required for improving screeners' detection abilities and performance to cope with the unreliable human performance of screening. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand and define the potential visual and cognitive factors in the task of inspecting airport passengers' X-ray luggage images, examine usability of perceptual feedback in this demanding task and develop a new method of salient regions which assist screeners to detect targets. The result of this work would obtain knowledge and skills of X-ray luggage images examination, provide insight into the design of training system and develop a method to significantly enhance screeners' detection ability. A questionnaire was developed for screeners to extract the expertise of the screening task and investigate the effect of image features on visual attention. A series of experiments were designed to understand the screening task and explore how knowledge and skills are developed with practice. Results indicated that training under time stressed conditions is recommended for ensuring adequate high detection ability in real life situation as screeners have to balance accuracy and speed in time pressure. The advantages of screeners are better detection ability and search skills which were gained by experience of the search task. Hit rate of naive people was improved with the perceptual exposure of images of threat items. However, scanning did not become efficient. It has demonstrated that detection performance and search skills are improved by the practice of frequency exposure targets in the search task and such ability partly transfer to novel targets. Learning in visual search of threat items is stimuli specific such that familiarity with stimulus and task is the source of performance enhancement. Threat items should be updated constantly and massive amount of X-ray threat objects should be employed for airport security screeners training so as to enlarge object knowledge and enhance recognition ability. Perceptual feedback of circling areas with dwell duration longer than 1000ms does not Significantly improve observers' detection ability in the airport screening task. Features of bags and threat items influence initial attention and attention allocation in the search process. Salient regions, based on the pure stimulus properties, not only contain most of targets in X-ray images but also improve observers' detection performance of high hit rate by forcing observers to scrutinize these areas carefully.
31
Ahmed, Eman Ahmed Sayed. "Modélisation constructive des systèmes à événements discrets. Application aux organismes artificiels." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4016.
Full textAbstract:
Les humains peuvent ressentir leurs muscles. Ils peuvent également reconnaître leur environnement et les objets qui s'y trouvent. Enfin, ils sont capables de se situer dans cet environnement et d'y atteindre des objets. Comment ces capacités sont acquises et interagissent les unes avec les autres au cours du développement ? Cette question demeure ouverte en biologie. Notre objectif est donc d’aider les biologistes à mieux comprendre comment un humain est capable de construire sa carte cognitive et d’effectuer des mouvements dirigés vers un objectif. Sur le plan développemental, l’acquisition des capacités sensorimotrices humaines débute avec le fœtus. Nous présentons ici un modèle théorique du développement de la carte cognitive d’un fœtus humain à partir de son système sensorimoteur. Le modèle intègre les proprioceptions des membres du corps et les perceptions de l’environnement et comment celles-ci coopèrent pour construire une carte cognitive. Cette carte est essentielle afin d'effectuer des mouvements dirigés vers un objectif et atteindre différents objets au sein de l’environnement. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme de clustering appelé “Frequency-based-means”, qui est utilisé pour obtenir les proprioceptions et les perceptions qui constituant la carte d’association. Des modèles de Markov cachés sont utilisés pour modéliser l’apprentissage et la production de mouvementsHumans can internally sense their muscles. They can also recognize their environment with its objects and are able to navigate through it easily to reach them. How these abilities are gained and interact each other is still an open question in biology. Our aim is to help biologists to understand how a human is able to build his cognitive map and make goal-directed movements. The origin of human capabilities goes back to the fetus stage. We present a theoretical model of the development of the cognitive map of a fetus human from his sensorimotor system. The model integrates the proprioceptions of body limbs and perceptions from the environment and how these cooperate to build a cognitive map, which in turn, is essential for making goal-directed movements to reach different objects in the surrounding environment. We propose a new clustering algorithm called “Frequency-based-means”; which is used to get the proprioceptions and the perceptions that form the association map. Hidden Markov Models are used to model movement learning and production
32
DeGirolamo, Gregory J. "Impact of Sequence and Cognitive Aging On Spatial Learning From Ground Level and Aerial Perspectives." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1336103643.
Full text
33
Plummer, Kenneth James. "Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of Two Different Concept-Map Assessment Tasks." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2281.pdf.
Full text
34
Choudhary, Rishabh R. "Construction and Visualization of Semantic Spaces for Domain-Specific Text Corpora." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627666092811419.
Full text
35
Paganelli, Lorenzo. "Simulazione di evacuazione di folle in Alchemist: un modello di mappa mentale per pedoni cognitivi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20540/.
Full textAbstract:
La simulazione computerizzata di folle in movimento è stato un campo piuttosto attivo recentemente, con applicazioni che vanno dall’intrattenimento alla gestione della sicurezza in luoghi pubblici o privati. Le simulazioni di folle devono prendere in considerazione non solo gli aspetti fisici dell’ambiente e dei pedoni, ma anche i fattori psicologici e sociali che hanno un effetto sul movimento delle persone. La capacità di orientarsi all’interno di un ambiente è una caratteristica fondamentale dell'essere umano e in quanto tale è indispensabile per una simulazione realistica. Diversi modelli assumono che i pedoni abbiano conoscenza totale dell’ambiente, cioè che ne conoscano la topologia e le metriche per intero. Ciò può essere ammissibile quando il processo di navigazione è banale, ad esempio in una piazza, tuttavia in ambienti più complessi questa è una grezza approssimazione, in quanto difficilmente ciascun pedone ne possiede una conoscenza completa (specie se molte delle persone coinvolte visitano l’edificio per la prima volta). Lo scopo del lavoro corrente è modellare la rappresentazione mentale che ciascun pedone ha dell’ambiente circostante, spesso parziale e inaccurata, comunemente nota come mappa cognitiva, e il processo mentale in atto in ogni persona che usa tali informazioni per scegliere quale percorso o direzione seguire (cioè orientarsi). I modelli descritti sono poi implementati all’interno del simulatore Alchemist, l'approccio adottato è ad agenti.
Di particolare interesse per il lavoro corrente sono le simulazioni di evacuazioni di folle, per il loro valore nel prevenire situazioni disastrose durante la pianificazione di eventi o la progettazione di edifici. Detto ciò, i modelli presentati sono pensati per essere usati in qualsiasi tipo di simulazione.
36
Ureten, Suzan. "Single and Multiple Emitter Localization in Cognitive Radio Networks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35692.
Full textAbstract:
Cognitive radio (CR) is often described as a context-intelligent radio, capable of changing the transmit parameters dynamically based on the interaction with the environment it operates. The work in this thesis explores the problem of using received signal strength (RSS) measurements taken by a network of CR nodes to generate an interference map of a given geographical area and estimate the locations of multiple primary transmitters that operate simultaneously in the area. A probabilistic model of the problem is developed, and algorithms to address location estimation challenges are proposed. Three approaches are proposed to solve the localization problem. The first approach is based on estimating the locations from the generated interference map when no information about the propagation model or any of its parameters is present. The second approach is based on approximating the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the transmitter locations with the grid search method when the model is known and its parameters are available. The third approach also requires the knowledge of model parameters but it is actually based on generating samples from the joint posterior of the unknown location parameter with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, as an alternative for the highly computationally complex grid search approach.
For RF cartography generation problem, we study global and local interpolation techniques, specifically the Delaunay triangulation based techniques as the use of existing triangulation provides a computationally attractive solution. We present a comparative performance evaluation of these interpolation techniques in terms of RF field strength estimation and emitter localization. Even though the estimates obtained from the generated interference maps are less accurate compared to the ML estimator, the rough estimates are utilized to initialize a more accurate algorithm such as the MCMC technique to reduce the complexity of the algorithm. The complexity issues of ML estimators based on full grid search are also addressed by various types of iterative grid search methods. One challenge to apply the ML estimation algorithm to multiple emitter localization problem is that, it requires a pdf approximation to summands of log-normal random variables for likelihood calculations at each grid location. This inspires our investigations on sum of log-normal approximations studied in literature for selecting the appropriate approximation to our model assumptions. As a final extension of this work, we propose our own approximation based on distribution fitting to a set of simulated data and compare our approach with Fenton-Wilkinson's well-known approximation which is a simple and computational efficient approach that fits a log-normal distribution to sum of log-normals by matching the first and second central moments of random variables. We demonstrate that the location estimation accuracy of the grid search technique obtained with our proposed approximation is higher than the one obtained with Fenton-Wilkinson's in many different case scenarios.
37
Hardt, Oliver. "What Determines Spatial Strategy Choice In Human Spatial Learning In A Computer-Analog Of The Morris Water Maze?" Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1065%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full text
38
Van, Jaarsveld Pieter Paul. "The integrative nature of the synoptic weather map in relation to adolescent cognitive structures and the teaching of senior secondary meteorology-climatology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004377.
Full textAbstract:
A poorly consolidated concept base creates considerable difficulty amongst adolescents when it comes to the higher order task of analyzing complex, abstract and scientific weather phenomena as they appear on synoptic charts. The nature of the difficulties which they experience tends to encourage them to resort to the rote memorisation of concepts rather than understanding them. Kuhn (1962) avers that concepts, not enquiry methods, are at the core of rational thought. A well taught concept becomes a well developed mental construct which encourages understanding. It is the author's firm belief that in order for pupils to come to a thorough understanding of senior secondary meteorology - climatology and the synoptic chart, teaching of basic concepts should be graded and sequential. This thesis attempts to show the difficulties inherent in synoptic climatology. It relates these difficulties to adolescent cognitive development. Within this framework, the syllabus and past examinations of the Cape Education Department, and textbooks are examined. Teachers' views and pupils' understanding are gauged through the analyses of questionnaires and worksheets respectively. Conclusions are drawn and the problems which teachers and pupils encounter are addressed.
39
Viana, Anderson Dias. "Estudos comparativos sobre a elaboração de mapas conceituais durante processo de avaliação da aprendizagem: identificando a importância das demandas e do efeito de preparação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81132/tde-24062016-160055/.
Full textAbstract:
Os mapas conceituais são ferramentas gráficas que possibilitam a representação dos modelos mentais do aluno. Devido a essa capacidade, o mapa conceitual pode ser utilizado como ferramenta avaliativa de conhecimento. O uso dessa ferramenta em sala de aula gera cargas na memória de trabalho que podem ser referentes ao conteúdo (carga intrínseca) ou à forma como esse recurso está sendo trabalhado na sala de aula (carga extrínseca). Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar como os mapas conceituais auxiliam na avaliação da aprendizagem da disciplina Ciências da Natureza: Ciência, Cultura e Sociedade ofertada na Universidade de São Paulo para alunos ingressantes de diversos cursos de graduação (n = 64) durante o período de 2013.1 sobre o conteúdo de Mudanças Climáticas. Nas turmas avaliadas o mapa conceitual poderia ser utilizado como ferramenta de preparação para prova (MCPREP) como também era utilizado como parte da avaliação formal da disciplina (MC-AVAL). Essa pesquisa se constitui de três Estudos que investigam: 1. As diferenças de perfis de mapas conceituais obtidos na condição de MC-PREP x MCAVAL; 2. Se o grupo de alunos que fizeram MC-PREP tiveram MC-AVAL com perfil diferente daqueles que não fizeram; 3. A existência de uma correlação entre as características do MC-AVAL com o conhecimento declarativo dos estudantes. Os mapas conceituais foram avaliados considerando aspectos estruturais e semânticos. As metodologias das análises realizadas foram retiradas de trabalhos presente na literatura. Entre os aspectos semânticos estavam o uso de materiais instrucionais, a natureza das proposições, a presença de erros e a aderência a pergunta focal. Além dessas análises, foi verificada a presença de agrupamentos naturais que pudessem ser explicados com uso das categorias teóricas. A análise dos resultados indica que os mapas conceituais das condições MC-PREP e MC-AVAL são bastante distintas entre si, pois atendiam a objetivos educacionais diferentes. No Estudo 2 verificou-se que o MC-PREP não influenciou fortemente a elaboração do MC-AVAL, pois a diminuição da carga extrínseca provocada pela elaboração de MC-PREP não foi suficiente para mostrar diferenças entre os grupos, já que ambos estavam altamente treinados na técnica de mapeamento conceitual. Por fim, no Estudo 3, o principal fator correlacionando o conhecimento declarativo com a complexidade dos mapas conceituais foi o percentual de proposições apropriadas. As conclusões do trabalho são que a demanda de elaboração do mapa conceitual é realmente orientadora de produto, a elaboração de um mapa conceitual a mais em um grupo bem treinado na técnica não altera seu desempenho e o principal meio de avaliar os mapas conceituais deve ser a leitura de suas proposições constituintes.Concept maps are graphical tools that allows the representation of the student\'s mental models. Due to this capacity, the concept map can be used as an assessement tool of knowledge. The use of this tool in the classroom generates loads in working memory which can be related to the content (intrinsic load) or how this feature is being used in the classroom (extrinsic load). This study aims to investigate how the concept maps help to assess learning in the Natural Science: Science, Culture and Society course offered at the University of São Paulo for students of various undergraduate courses (n = 64) during the 2013.1 on the content of climate change. In the course, conceptual map could be used as a preparation tool for test (CM-PREP) and was also used as part of the formal evaluation of the course (CM-EVAL). This research is composed of three studies that investigate: 1. Differences in conceptual maps profiles obtained on condition of CM-PREP x CMEVAL; 2. If the group of students who took CM-PREP had a different profile in CMAVAL of those who did not; 3. The existence of a correlation between CM-EVAL features with the declarative knowledge of students. Concept maps were evaluated considering structural and semantic aspects. The methodologies of analyzes are taken from other papers. Among the semantic aspects were the use of instructional materials, the nature of the propositions, the presence of errors and adhesion to focus question. In addition to these analyzes, it was verified the presence of natural groups that could be explained with the use of theoretical categories. Analysis of the results indicates that the conceptual maps of the CM-PREP and CM-EVAL conditions are quite distinct from each other as it catered to different educational goals. At the Study 2, it was found that the CM-PREP not strongly influenced the development of CM-EVAL, as the reduction of extrinsic charge caused by CM-PREP elaboration was not enough to show differences between the groups, since both were highly trained in conceptual mapping technique. Finally, in Study 3, the main factor correlating the declarative knowledge to the complexity of the conceptual maps was the percentage of appropriate propositions. We concluded that the demand of elaboration of the conceptual map is actually the guide to the type of conceptual map obtained, the elaboration of CM-PREP does not change in a well-trained group in the technique and the main method of assessing concept maps should be reading its propositions.
40
Porter, Ronald, and ron porter@infoeng flinders edu au. "Design Patterns in Learning to Program." Flinders University. Informatics and Engineering, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061127.153554.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues the case for the use of a pattern language based on the basic features of the programming language used in instruction for the teaching of programming. We believe that the difficulties that novices are known to have encountered with the task of learning to program ever since the inception of computers derive from a basic misfit between the language used to communicate with a computer, the programming language, and the way that humans think. The
thrust of the pattern language idea is that patterns are the essential element in understanding how the mind words in that they are the source of that relationship that we call `meaning'. What an entity or event `means' to us derives from the effect that it has on us as living biological beings, a relationship that exists in the `real world', not from any linguistic relationship at the symbolic level.
Meaning, as a real world relationship, derives from the patterns of interactions that constitute being. The meaning that an entity has for an individual is more than can be expressed in a formal definition, definitions are matters of agreement, convention, not the pattern of experience that the individual has acquired
through living. What is missing for a novice in any skill acquisition process is meaning, the pattern of experience. All that we can give them using a formal linguistic system like a programming language is definitions, not meaning. Pattern language is the way that we think because it exists at that fundamental level of experience as living beings. The patterns of experience become the patterns of thought through recurrence, not through definition. But this takes time, so in
presenting new material to a person trying to learn, we have to present it in the form of a pattern language, the 'cognitive map' that drives the problem solving process. Creativity is always a function of combining ideas, what is really being created is new meaning, not a program, or a house, or a poem, or a sculpture - these things are mere implementations of meaning. Ultimately meaning can derive only from experience, the pattern of life around us, so creativity is the language of experience, pattern language. The mind is the product of experience, creativity its modus operandi.
41
Lawson-Drackey, Soley. "Un renouvellement du cadre d’analyse de la valeur des brevets : une approche par la cartographie cognitive." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22002/document.
Full textAbstract:
Bien que l’usage des méthodes d’évaluation financière des brevets semble aujourd’hui stabilisé, les procédures d’évaluation extra-financière, précédent essentiel à l’évaluation financière, restent à ce jour floues. Pour que ces méthodes soient opérationnellement fiables et permettent, a minima, une comparabilité entre les différents actifs, il est indispensable de stabiliser un cadre d’évaluation de référence explorant en profondeur les indicateurs clefs de performance des brevets. A travers l’analyse des cartes cognitives d’experts de l’évaluation, nos travaux examinent les conventions de qualité des brevets afin de fournir un cadre détaillé pour l’évaluation extra-financière des brevets. Notre principal apport repose sur un meilleur décryptage des relations entre les indicateurs clefs de performance des brevets. Il permet une simplification de l’analyse des brevets, de leur évaluation et de leur management stratégiqueAlthough the use of methods of financial evaluation of patents now appears stable, the procedures for assessing extra-financial key to the previous valuation remain to date unclear. For these methods are operationally reliable and enable, at least, comparability between different assets, it is necessary to stabilize a framework for baseline assessment exploring in depth the key performance indicators of patents. Through the analysis of cognitive maps of experts of the evaluation, our work examines the conventions of patent quality to provide a detailed framework for extra-financial assessment of patents. Our main contribution is based on a better understanding of the relationships between key performance indicators of patents. It allows a simplification of patents analysis, evaluation and strategic management
42
Mosora, Daniel J. "Towards a Quantitative Evaluation of Layout Using Graphic Design Principles." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1335904244.
Full text
43
Edler, Dennis [Verfasser], Frank [Gutachter] Dickmann, and Karl-Heinz [Gutachter] Otto. "The effects of grids in topographic maps on cognitive representations of map information / Dennis Edler ; Gutachter: Frank Dickmann, Karl-Heinz Otto ; Fakultät für Geowissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1209359049/34.
Full text
44
Sundaramurthi, Ranjitprakash. "Human Reliability Modeling for Next Generation System Codes." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324411548.
Full text
45
Steele-Pierce, Mary Ellen. "Leadership as Teaching: Mapping the Thinking of Administrators and Teachers." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1165860089.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed April 10, 2007). Advisor: Jon F. Wergin . Keywords: leadership, concept mapping, educational administration, teachers' thinking, cognitive map. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-159).
46
Vieira, Luiz Arthur Leitão. "Salto no escuro: práticas artísticas de mapeamento cognitivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-16012019-101639/.
Full textAbstract:
Segundo importantes pensadores contemporâneos, diante da velocidade das transformações do mundo atual, estamos perdendo a capacidade de situarmo-nos corretamente no espaço. Fatores como o domínio das empresas transnacionais, a descentralização e a \"financeirização\" da economia, as novas tecnologias de comunicação, o transporte de mercadorias, a urbanização descontrolada e a virtualidade digital aceleraram exponencialmente a experiência humana de uma forma jamais vista. Nesse sentido, a pergunta existencial mais premente do mundo contemporâneo talvez seja \"onde estamos?\" Trata-se não apenas de um problema de localização espacial, mas também da possibilidade de ação política. Se não somos capazes de \"ler\" ou mapear mentalmente o ambiente onde vivemos, não podemos agir sobre ele; se não podemos agir sobre ele, estamos construindo uma experiência alienada e alienante, contrária a qualquer noção responsável de cidadania. Além de apresentar o problema teórico, a pesquisa busca tratar do assunto tendo como eixos centrais o universo criativo das artes e o ambiente das grandes cidades contemporâneas. A pergunta que norteia a pesquisa pode ser assim resumida: de que forma a arte pode contribuir para aprimorar a legibilidade do novo espaço contemporâneo, sobretudo nas cidades? Para tentar respondê-la, analiso diversas obras que se utilizaram do potencial poético e descritivo do mapeamento como prática artística, apontando caminhos originais que as ciências humanas tradicionais não podem percorrer. Se a imaginação é responsável pelo alargamento dos horizontes e pela exploração de novas possibilidades, é também uma forma de conhecimento, que pode contribuir decisivamente para solucionar os problemas atuais. E um dos suportes da imaginação é a arte.According to important contemporary scholars, faced with the speed of the changes in today\'s world, we are losing the capacity to properly place ourselves in space. Factors such as the dominance of transnational enterprises, economic decentralization and financialization, new communication technologies, the transport of goods, unchecked urbanization and digital virtuality, have exponentially sped up human experience in an unprecedented manner. In this regard, the most pressing question in the contemporary world may be \"where are we?\" This refers to not only a spatial location issue, but also a possibility for political action. If we are not able to mentally \"read\" or map the setting where we live, we cannot act upon it; if we cannot act upon it, we are building an alienated and alienating experience, counter to any responsible concept of citizenship. In addition to forwarding the theoretical problem, the research seeks to approach the subject under the central axes of the arts\' creative universe and the environment of the great contemporary cities. The question that drives the research may be thus summarized: in what ways can art contribute to improve the reading of the new contemporary space? In order to answer it, I analyze several works which resorted to the poetic and descriptive potential of mapping as an artistic practice, signaling original paths that the traditional human sciences cannot follow. If imagination is responsible for widening horizons and exploring new possibilities, it is also a form of knowledge, which can decisively contribute for the solution of current problems. And one of the foundations of imagination is art.
47
ALMEIDA, Simone de. "Propostas de abordagens para agregação de preferências de stakeholders para definição metodológica da precificação de produtos farmacêuticos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18964.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-01T17:32:43Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5)
Simone de Almeida TESE.pdf: 2230420 bytes, checksum: cff8e5133d8b8f52c2f804a82d87bf4c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Simone de Almeida TESE.pdf: 2230420 bytes, checksum: cff8e5133d8b8f52c2f804a82d87bf4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03
A determinação do preço de venda de medicamentos manipulados tem envolvido cada vez mais fatores que contribuem com a satisfação do consumidor, transformando-se em um dos principais esforços na busca de maior competitividade neste ramo de negócio. Neste contexto, este trabalho propõe duas novas abordagens de agregação de preferências de stakeholders acerca da definição metodológica de precificação de produtos farmacêuticos, se concentrando no caso particular das farmácias magistrais da região Sul do Brasil. Ambas as abordagens utilizam-se do método Value-Focused Thinking (VFT), a fim de propiciar um melhor entendimento do problema pelos membros envolvidos. Além disso, apoiam a identificação de um objetivo fundamental a partir de várias percepções do problema, estabelecendo uma visão unificada do objetivo a ser alcançado, devido à participação de todos os atores. Para isso, são identificados os valores individuais, permite-se a criação de alternativas, onde cada participante contribui com suas percepções e valores individuais, sendo definidas as medidas naturais, diretas e/ou indiretas de acordo com a experiência e conhecimento de cada stakeholder e determina-se as constantes de escala, refletindo suas preferências. A primeira abordagem utiliza-se do consenso entre os membros do grupo para se obter a preferência global, sendo que todas as etapas de desenvolvimento do modelo são realizadas com a participação de todos os atores. A segunda abordagem propõe uma maneira individualizada de participação dos stakeholders, incluindo a utilização de mapas cognitivos a fim de organizar e registrar os valores identificados pelos stakeholders acerca de suas preferências, assim, ao final do processo de estruturação da situação problema, os mapas individuais são agregados por meio da união das diferentes percepções, obtendo um modelo unificado. Percebe-se então, um ambiente com reduzido conflito, visto que praticamente todo o processo é realizado isoladamente e garantindo-se maior agilidade, podendo haver negociação somente no final do processo. O modelo final gerado, por ambas as abordagens, reflete a preferência global de todos os stakeholders.
Establishing the selling price of compounded drugs has been involved more and more factors that contribute to customer satisfaction, becoming a major effort to achieve greater competitiveness in this business. In this context, this work proposes two new approaches for aggregating of stakeholders’ preferences about the methodological definition of pricing of pharmaceutical products, focusing on the particular case of compounding pharmacy in southern Brazil. Both approaches are used the method Value-Focused Thinking (VFT), in order to provide a better understanding of the problem by the members concerned. Furthermore, this work supports the identification of a fundamental objective from various perceptions of the problem, establishing a unified vision of the goal to be achieved, due to participation of all stakeholders. For this, the individual values are identified, allow the creation of alternatives, where each participant contributes their individual perceptions and values, and defined natural, direct and / or indirect measures according to the experience and knowledge of each stakeholder, and determine the scale constant, reflecting their preferences. The first approach utilizes the consensus among the group members to obtain the global preference, and all stages of model development are carried out with the participation of all stakeholders. The second approach proposes and individualized manner of participation of stakeholders, including the use of cognitive maps, in order to organize and record the values identified by stakeholders about their preferences, so the end of the process of structuring the problem situation, the individual maps are aggregates through the union of the different perceptions obtaining a unified model. It can be seen then, an environment with reduced conflict, since practically the entire process is carried out separately, and ensuring greater flexibility and may negotiated only at the end of the process. The final model generated by both approaches, reflect the overall preference of the stakeholders.
48
Rahimi, Noshad. "Developing a Mixed-Methods Method to Model Elderly Health Technology Adoption with Fuzzy Cognitive Map, and Its Application in Adoption of Remote Health Monitoring Technologies by Elderly Women." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10840581.
Full textAbstract:
Providing healthcare to the ever-rising elderly population has become a severe challenge and a top priority. Emerging innovations in healthcare, such as remote health monitoring technologies, promise to provide a better quality of care and reduce the cost of healthcare. However, many elderly people reject healthcare innovations. This lack of adoption constitutes a big practical problem because it keeps the elderly from benefiting from technology advances. The phenomenon is even more pronounced among elderly women, who represent the majority of the elderly population.
A plethora of studies in the field of technology adoption resulted in sound, but highly generalized theories that are too parsimonious to provide practical insight into the phenomenon of elderly healthcare technology adoption (EHTA). There is a call to arms for novel approaches that facilitate the creation of models that expand technology adoption theories to the specifics of EHTA. This dissertation is a response to this call to arms, and it contributes to modeling practice in the EHTA field. It uses fuzzy cognitive mapping to design a novel mixed-methods modeling approach. Since elderly women constitute the majority of the elderly population, this dissertation treats elderly women’s health technology adoption (EWHTA) as the case-in-point.
49
Bourboulou, Romain. "Spatial resolution of the cognitive map : investigation on the influence of proximal visual cues on spatial coding resolution in area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus using virtual reality." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0299.
Full textAbstract:
Pour naviguer de manière flexible et efficace dans leur habitat naturel, les mammifères peuvent s’appuyer sur une représentation interne du monde qui les entoure. L’hippocampe (HPC) est considéré comme l’un des acteurs de cette représentation car il contient des cellules de lieu. Lorsque l’animal se déplace, chacune de ces cellules s’active dans son champs de lieu et reste silencieuse ailleurs. Une question importante est de savoir si et comment la résolution spatiale de l’HPC dorsal peut s’adapter aux caractéristiques locales d’un même environnement. Nous avons exploré cette question en enregistrant l’activité de neurones de la région CA1 de l’HPC chez des souris effectuant des allers-retours dans un couloir virtuel. Des objets visuels 3D, des motifs sur les murs ou leur combinaison, ont été utilisés pour étudier leur impact sur la résolution du codage d’information spatiale. Nous avons observé que les objets améliorent la résolution du codage spatial dans leur voisinage. Les champs de lieu étaient plus nombreux, plus petits, avec une meilleure information spatiale et une meilleure stabilité. Ces effets étaient également observables instantanément suite à une manipulation des indices visuels. Ces résultats ont été confirmés au niveau de la population à l’aide d’un décodeur bayésien. Les objets ont également renforcé la résolution du codage temporel en améliorant la précession de phase. Nous proposons que la carte cognitive portée par les cellules de lieu de l’HPC pourrait avoir une résolution hétérogène pouvant être utilisée pour améliorer le codage et les inférences, notamment pour naviguer dans de grands environnementsTo flexibly and efficiently navigate in their natural habitat, mammals can rely on an internal representation of space, a cognitive map. The hippocampus is thought to be important for the elaboration of this map. It contains a peculiar type of cells: the place cells, which are active in specific parts of the environment (place fields) and virtually silent elsewhere. Place cell spatial coding can be more or less precise depending on the scale of the environment, the availability of sensory cues or their location along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus. However, whether and how place cells’ spatial coding resolution can adapt to local features of the same environment remains unclear. We explored this possibility by recording neurons in the dorsal CA1 area of mice navigating a virtual linear track. We used several types of visual information, such as 3D visual objects and 2D patterns on the walls or their combination to investigate their impact on spatial coding resolution. We observed that virtual objects improved spatial coding resolution in their vicinity. Place fields were more numerous, smaller, with better spatial information and stability. This effect was highly dynamic upon objects manipulations. Also, patterns on the wall led to an enhancement of spatial coding resolution, but to a lesser extent. These results were confirmed at the population level using a Bayesian decoder. Objects also strengthened temporal coding resolution through improved theta phase precession. We propose that the hippocampal place cells representation can have a heterogenous resolution, which could be used to improve coding or inference notably in large-scale environments
50
Fox, Michael J. "Effects of Orientation Change on Spatial Learning of Novel Environments on Younger and Older Adults." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1420839362.
Full text