Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognitive integration'
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Menary, Richard Anthony. "Cognitive integration." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430041.
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Sterious, Lindsay A. "Testing the Integrative Psychotherapy Model: An Integration of Psychoanalysis, Cognitive-Behaviorism, and Humanism." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/74.
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The integrated psychotherapy model (IPM) is an insight-oriented, integrative therapeutic approach that weaves psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic approaches into a treatment methodology. This model is new and untested; therefore, its therapeutic effectiveness is unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure the treatment effectiveness of IPM using Bell's Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory, the Constructive Thinking Inventory, and the Working Alliance Inventory. Participants in the study included 19 undergraduate psychology students volunteering for extra credit and 11 clients of counseling psychology graduate students. This quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest, nonequivalent group study involved 9 sessions of IPM for the treatment group and 9 classes in a general psychology course for the comparison group. An analysis of covariance using the pre-post testing of object relations and reality testing, productive and unproductive thinking, and working alliance measured changes in these constructs and determined the therapeutic effectiveness of IPM. Results revealed that there were no differences between the experimental and comparison groups. Although no significant differences were demonstrated when comparing pre and post testing, this study demonstrated that 9 sessions of IPM did not harm those who underwent the treatment; this finding is positive given the need for further research to potentially validate the IPM as a new and effective integrative model for psychotherapy. It is recommended that a similar study be repeated with more seasoned IPM therapists, a longer treatment period, and the focus of change on client symptoms.
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Ghahramani, Zoubin. "Computation and psychophysics of sensorimotor integration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11123.
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Brown, Rachel. "Auditory-motor integration in music performance, learning, and memory." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119512.
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Auditory-motor skills such as speaking or playing a musical instrument require skill in processing auditory outcomes and performing actions that produce those outcomes. A growing body of evidence suggests that perception and production components of auditory-motor skill are integrated by reciprocal auditory-to-motor and motor-to-auditory interactions. Much remains unknown about how complex auditory sequences map to complex movement sequences such as those required of speech or music performance. Less still is known about how auditory-motor interactions influence the way skilled performers learn and remember novel auditory-motor sequences. The research described in this thesis examined these questions in the context of music performance. Music performance is a common and complex auditory-motor behavior that presents a useful model for examining human auditory-motor capabilities as it requires precise control of both pitch and temporal sequences of events. Three studies examined how auditory-motor interactions influence the way skilled musicians map pitch and temporal sequences to movements and the way musicians learn and remember music. The first study examined how auditory pitch and temporal sequence structure in music engage motor neural networks in auditory-motor interactions (Chapter 2). This study revealed motor networks that are sensitive to both pitch and temporal structure when musicians listen to and subsequently perform music. This finding suggests that the motor system integrates multiple dimensions of auditory sequence structure when performers map auditory sequences to motor sequences. The second study examined how performers use auditory and motor information to learn auditory sequences (Chapter 3). This study revealed that musicians better recognize auditory sequences that they hadlearned while producing them with auditory feedback than while hearing them only, indicating that motor learning facilitates subsequent auditory memory for skilled performers. The third study examined how individual differences in auditory and motor imagery abilities influence the way musicians learn novel music and subsequently remember that music (Chapter 4). This study revealed that auditory imagery abilities help performers learn novel music by compensating for missing sound and reducing sensitivity to interfering information; auditory imagery abilities also help performers recall music during performance with greater temporal regularity. Overall, these results suggest that auditory imagery abilities aid learning and subsequent recall of music differently. Together, these studies illuminate how auditory-motor integration functions in skilled performance and how it contributes to auditory-motor sequence learning and memory.Certaines habiletés auditivomotrices, telles que parler ou jouer d'un instrument de musique, requièrent des compétences particulières sur les plans du traitement auditif des sons produits et de la production des actions menant à l'émission de ces sons. À cet égard, un nombre croissant de preuves empiriques suggère que les composantes de perception et de production des habiletés auditivomotrices s'incèrent à l'intérieur d'interactions réciproques entre le système auditif et le système moteur. Plusieurs questions concernant la façon dont des séquences auditives complexes s'alignent avec des séquences complexes de mouvements, telles que retrouvées dans la parole ou les performances musicales, demeurent néanmoins irrésolues. Notamment par rapport à la façon dont les interactions entre les systèmes auditif et moteur influencent l'apprentissage et la rétention de nouvelles séquences auditivomotrices chez des executants compétents. Les recherches décrites dans cette thèse visent à aborder ces questions dans le contexte de performances musicales. En effet, étant donné qu'elles requièrent un contrôle précis de la hauteur du son et de la sequence temporelle des événements, les performances musicales sont des comportements auditivomoteurs communs et complexes représentant un modèle avantageux dans l'examen des capacités auditivomotrices. Trois études sont proposées afin d'examiner l'influence des interactions entre les systèmes auditif et moteur sur la façon dont des musiciens compétents alignent la hauteur sonore et les sequences temporelles avec les mouvements requis lors de performances musicales, de même que sur la façon dont ils apprennent et retiennent une séquence musicale. La première étude examine la manière dont la hauteur sonore et la structuretemporelle d'une séquence musicale engagent certains réseaux neuronaux du système moteur sur le plan des interactions auditivomotrices (Chapitre 2). Cette étude révèle que les réseaux du système moteur sont sensibles à l'intensité sonore et à la structure temporelle lorsque des musiciens écoutent et jouent de la musique. Ces résultats suggèrent que le système moteur intègre de multiples dimensions relatives à la structure de la séquence auditive lorsque ces sequences auditives sont alignées avec des séquences motrices lors de performances musicales. La deuxième étude examine l'utilisation des informations auditives et motrices dans l'apprentissage de séquences auditives (Chapitre 3). Cette etude révèle que les musiciens reconnaissent mieux les séquences auditives qu'ils ont eu à apprendre en les jouant avec rétroaction auditive, par rapport à celles qu'ils ont uniquement eu à écouter. Ces résultats indiquent que l'apprentissage moteur facilite la mémorisation d'information auditive chez les exécutants compétents. La troisième étude examine l'influence des différences individuelles sur le plan des habiletés d'imagerie auditive et motrice, sur l'apprentissage de nouvelles séquences musicales et sur le rappel de ces mêmes séquences (Chapitre 4). Cette étude révèle que les habiletés d'imagerie auditive aident les exécutants à apprendre de nouvelles séquences musicales en compensant pour les sons manquants, de même qu'en réduisant l'interférence liée à l'informations non pertinente; les habiletés d'imagerie auditive améliorent également le rappel de séquences musicales lors de performances comportant une plus grande régularitétemporelle. De manière générale, ces résultats suggèrent que les habiletés d'imagerie auditive aident différemment à l'apprentissage de nouvelles sequences musicales et à leur rappel. Ensemble, ces études illustrent le fonctionnement des intégrations auditivomotrices chez les exécutants compétents, ainsi que leur contribution à l'apprentissage et à la mémorisation de séquences auditivomotrices.
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Thomas, Adam J. "Contextual Influences in the Sequential Integration of Speech." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386004567.
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AndÅ, Hiroshi. "Dynamic reconstruction and integration of 3D structure information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12360.
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Smetters, Diana Kathryn. "Electronic structure and synaptic integration in corical neurons." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11887.
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Decker, Scott L. "Confirmatory models of sensory/motor and cognitive constructs." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1233197.
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This study examined the relationship between neuropsychological constructs of sensory-motor functioning and cognitive ability constructs in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) (Carroll, 1993) theory. Two studies were conducted For the first study, the Dean-Woodcock Sensory Motor Battery (SMB) (Dean & Woodcock, 1999) was administered to 800 individuals. A factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate and develop a factor structure of the SMB. Results from this study suggest sensory and motor tests significantly share common variance and a hierarchical, multifactorial model that included a higher-order factor of both sensory and motor tests best fit the data. The second study examined the SMB model, developed in the first study, in relation to the CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) model of cognitive abilities, as measured by the Woodcock-Johnson Revised Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ-R) (McGrew, Werder, & Woodcock, 1991). For this study, the SMB and the WJ-R was administered to 411 individuals. A confirmatory model was tested that included the higher-order factor of the SMB as a broad ability within the CHC model. Results from this analysis suggest the higher order factor of the SMB does have a significant relationship with overall measures of cognitive ability of a similar level to other broad abilities in the CHC model, and significantly improves the fit of CHC model. These results support Roberts, Pallier, and Goffs (1999) argument for the inclusion of an additional broad ability in the CHC taxonomy that represents sensory and motor functioning. Additionally, this study provides empirical support for the utility of including neuropsychological tests of sensory and motor functioning in a comprehensive assessment of cognitive abilities (Dean & Woodcock, 1999). The implications for neuropsychological and psychometric assessment are discussed.Department of Educational Psychology
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Mengarelli, Flavia <1980>. "Integration of cognitive and affective processes in perception and decision-making." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5074/.
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The relationship between emotion and cognition is a topic that raises great interest in research. Recently, a view of these two processes as interactive and mutually influencing each other has become predominant. This dissertation investigates the reciprocal influences of emotion and cognition, both at behavioral and neural level, in two specific fields, such as attention and decision-making.
Experimental evidence on how emotional responses may affect perceptual and attentional processes has been reported. In addition, the impact of three factors, such as personality traits, motivational needs and social context, in modulating the influence that emotion exerts on perception and attention has been investigated.
Moreover, the influence of cognition on emotional responses in decision-making has been demonstrated. The current experimental evidence showed that cognitive brain regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are causally implicated in regulation of emotional responses and that this has an effect at both pre and post decisional stages.
There are two main conclusions of this dissertation: firstly, emotion exerts a strong influence on perceptual and attentional processes but, at the same time, this influence may also be modulated by other factors internal and external to the individuals. Secondly, cognitive processes may modulate emotional prepotent responses, by serving a regulative function critical to driving and shaping human behavior in line with current goals.La relazione tra emozione e cognizione è un argomento che ha suscitato grande interesse nella ricerca. Recentemente, una visione interattiva e di mutua influenza fra questi due processi è diventata predominante. Il presente lavoro di tesi indaga le influenze reciproche di emozione e cognizione, sia a livello comportamentale che neurale, in due specifici settori, quali l'attenzione e i processi decisionali. Nella prima parte, il lavoro presenta evidenze sperimentali di come le emozioni possano influenzare processi cognitivi come quelli percettivi ed attentivi. Allo stesso tempo aggiunge su come alcuni particolare fattori, come la personalità, le esigenze motivazionali del soggetto e il contesto sociale, possano modulare l’influenza che le emozioni esercitano sui processi cognitive in questione. Nella seconda parte é stato investigato l’influsso della cognizione sulle risposte emotive, in particolare durante i processi decisionali. I risultati degli esperimenti mostrano che regioni cerebrali cognitive, come la corteccia prefrontale dorsolaterale, sono implicate in modo causale nella regolazione e nel controllo di risposte emotive automatiche e che cio’ ha un effetto sia in fasi pre-decisionali (formazione della decisione) sia in fasi post-decisionali (cambiamento di preferenze). Due sono le principali conclusioni di questa tesi: in primo luogo, è stato mostrato che l'emozione esercita una forte influenza sui processi percettivi e attentivi, ma che, allo stesso tempo, questa influenza può essere modulata da altri fattori interni ed esterni agli individui. In secondo luogo, è stato mostrato che i processi cognitivi interagiscono con quelli emotivi svolgendo un funzione regolatrice fondamentale per guidare e plasmare il comportamento umano in linea con gli obiettivi correnti degli individui.
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Wang, Fu-Chuan. "An integration of cognitive academic language proficiency and content-based instruction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2297.
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Robert, Adrian. "Lamination and within-area integration in the neocortex /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9945776.
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Lin, Chia-Wei. "Activity-dependent integration and plasticity of new neurons during postnatal neurogenesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61877.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Most neurons are born during the embryonic period to become the building blocks for a variety of brain circuits. However, two brain regions only start to assemble during the postnatal period. Both brain areas, olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus, mainly accommodate the integration of new neurons during the postnatal period, and continuously receive new neurons throughout animals' life. In this thesis, I used the rat olfactory bulb (OB) as a model system to address two important issues regarding the integration and plasticity of new neurons generated during the postnatal period. The first feature of postnatal neurogenesis is that when new neurons arrive and integrate into an adult OB, only half of neurons can ultimately survive. However, what form of activity pattern determines the survival of new neurons remains unclear. Using NaChBac sodium channels to selectively alter the intrinsic excitability of new neurons in vivo, this manipulation reveals that neuronal survival critically depends on the level of membrane depolarization. Once neurons integrate and survive in the brain circuits, neurons have the capability of monitoring their activity level and adaptively maintain their membrane excitability within the operational range. How they achieve the long-term stability of membrane excitability remains unclear. By altering the resting membrane potential of individual neurons in vivo, OB granule neurons are found to use a subthreshold parameter, resting membrane potential, to guide the compensatory changes of intrinsic ion channels and synaptic receptors. In summary, studies from this thesis have revealed the cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal survival in an in vivo brain circuit. I also uncover a novel form of homeostatic computation by which granule neurons preferentially use the subthreshold membrane potential response rather than spiking rates as a set point.
by Chia-Wei Lin.
Ph.D.
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Hald, Lea Ann. "The integration of semantic versus world knowledge during on-line sentence comprehension." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280182.
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The current research was aimed at addressing several specific questions regarding the integration of world knowledge during language comprehension. First, what is the time course of the on-line integration of semantic and world knowledge information? Secondly, which are the crucial brain areas involved in these processes? It is a long-standing issue whether or not semantic information is prepackaged into the mental lexicon and therefore more immediately available than world knowledge that is necessary to assign a truth-value to a sentence. Two ERP studies were performed to investigate this question. Subjects were presented with sentences like the following types (critical words are underlined): (a) "Amsterdam is a city that is very old and lively." (Correct); (b) "Amsterdam is a city that is very new and lively." (World Knowledge Violation); (c) "Amsterdam is a city that is very thin and lively." (Semantic Violation). Sentence (b) is semantically well-formed, but not true, when considering the founding date of Amsterdam. In contrast, in sentence (c) the semantics of the noun "city" makes the adjective "thin" not applicable. The question was whether or not the waveforms for (b) would result in an N400 effect with the same latency and topography as a lexical semantic N400-effect (c). The ERP waveforms for both (b) and (c) resulted in a clear and sizable N400 effect, with comparable onset and peak latencies. Additionally, (c), but not (b) resulted in an additional late positivity with a posterior distribution. To address the second issue: what are the crucial brain areas involved in these processes, a fMRI version of the experiment was performed. Results indicated that both (b) and (c) activated the left inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, (c), but not (a) or (b), resulted in activation of the left posterior parietal region. Post-integration processes may be responsible for this differential activation found for the world knowledge and semantic conditions. The results of this research indicate that during on-line sentence comprehension world knowledge information is integrated as quickly as lexical semantic information. The left prefrontal cortex might be involved in this recruitment/integration process.
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Jain, Radhika. "Business Process Integration: A Socio-Cognitive Process Model and a Support System." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/8.
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A major challenge to achieving business process agility is the fragmentation of business processes, especially in organizations with semiautonomous business units. This fragmentation manifests itself in the form of diversified business processes performing similar activities. To address this challenge and achieve synergies across business units, processes should be integrated. Extant research on business process management has not paid much attention to such integration. Motivated by this concern, the primary objectives of my research are: “1) to understand how integration of similar business processes is achieved by semiautonomous business units and 2) to develop a process modeling support system that can help find similarities among business process models to aid process designers and to empirically evaluate its effectiveness in supporting process modeling activities.” I use a two-phased approach to address above objectives. In the first phase, I draw upon the analytic concept of frames of reference to develop a socio-cognitive process model to understand cognitive processes of stakeholders involved in the business process integration. This is done by analyzing the shifts in frame salience and frame congruence to enable the development of common-yet-tailorable business process. Data collection was conducted at ManCo, a Fortune 500 manufacturing company that had undertaken a process integration initiative in its multi-billion dollar supply chain across its five business units. Using qualitative data analysis, I identify four frame domains. Shifts in the frame salience and congruence highlight how, through a series of events, process stakeholders bring about integration. Frames domains identified in phase 1 highlight how individual business units’ perceptions differ. The use of diverse terminologies to refer to similar concepts added to the inability of process designers to reuse existing process models. These observations motivated the design research conducted in the second phase. I develop a prototype system, BPSimilar, which helps users to retrieve semantically similar process models. The approach to retrieve process models combines structural and semantic similarity-matching. The need for such a mechanism to speed up the model development was suggested by the case study. The effectiveness of BPSimilar for improving performance of users is evaluated in a qualitative study using verbal protocol analysis.
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Cankaya, Banu. "Psychosocial Factors, Maladaptive Cognitive Schemas, and Depression in Young Adults: An Integration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32846.
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The present study examined a psychosocial-cognitive model that integrates recent findings on the independent effects of early maladaptive cognitive schemas (EMSs; Young, 1994) and psychosocial factors/stressors; viz., social support, expressed emotion, stressful life events and daily hassles, on level of depressive symptoms in young adults. Consistent with Beck's theory of depression, the expectation was that individuals with the EMSs would be more likely to respond to psychosocial stressors with higher levels of depression. Questionnaires measuring the selected psychosocial factors and EMSs were administered to 244 (82 male and 162 female) undergraduate students, mean age 19. Previous findings on the direct relationships between stressful life events, social support and EMSs, and level of depression were replicated. Except for daily hassles, the moderator role of the EMSs was largely disconfirmed when a conservative statistical test (Bonferroni correction) was applied to moderator analyses. With regard to perceived social support received from family and friends, present results were promising for the moderator effect of the EMSs of self sacrifice, functional dependency/incompetence and abandonment. The prediction equation to the criterion of depression indicated independent contributions of stressful life events, and the EMSs of abandonment, functional dependency/incompetence, and insufficient self control, accounting for half of the variance in depression. Taken together, the present data provided little support for the moderator effect of the EMSs rather supported Young's theory (1990) that maladaptive cognitions in themselves can produce increased levels of depression regardless of the presence of triggering stressors.Master of Science
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Kozak, Elizabeth C. "Cognitive cross-modal integration in a wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) (Lycosidae)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439295430.
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Abbatecola, Clement. "Behavioral and functional imaging analyses of face and voice integration in gender perception." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1289.
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Cette thèse décrit l'intégration multimodale voix-visage pour la perception du genre à l'aide de méthodes comportementales et d'imagerie cérébrale. Dans une première étude psychophysique, les observateurs ont départagé des paires de stimuli voix-visage selon le genre du visage, de la voix ou du stimulus (sans instruction particulière). Une seconde étude a reproduit ce paradigme en ajoutant du bruit visuel et/ou auditif. Conformément à nos résultats théoriques, tâche et bruit peuvent tous deux être modélisés comme des facteurs de pondération. Les deux effets pourraient refléter des changements similaires de hiérarchie fonctionnelle avec la communication par cohérence comme implémentation potentielle de ce mécanisme en termes de modulation sélective de l'information par synchronisation des rythmes d'oscillation neuronaux. Une asymétrie en faveur de la modalité auditive a été trouvée dans les deux études comportementales ainsi que deux interactions : un effet multiplicatif du genre significatif lorsqu'on juge le visage et le stimulus ; un effet de cohérence significatif lorsqu'on juge le visage ou la voix. Une troisième étude en IRMf s'est intéressée aux modulations de connectivité effective entre l'aire fusiforme du visage et l'aire temporale de la voix durant la présentation de stimuli voix-visage en prêtant attention au genre du visage, de la voix ou du stimulus. Une telle modulation a été trouvée dans les tâches du visage et du stimulus en réponse au genre, et dans les tâches du visage et du stimulus en réponse à l'incohérence, deux modulations indépendantes qui pourraient être supportées par l’architecture anatomique en double contre-courantThis thesis describes face-voice multimodal gender integration using complementary behavioral and brain imaging techniques. In a first psychophysical study, observers judged pairs of face-voice stimuli according to face, voice or stimulus (no specific instruction given) gender. A second study tested the bottom-up effect of adding visual and/or auditory noise in the same paradigm. Top-down task and bottom-up noise could both be modeled as weighting effects, as predicted by our theoretical results. Both effects might reflect similar shifts in functional hierarchy. Communication through coherence offers a potential explanation for the neural basis of such a mechanism in terms of selective modulation of segregated cortical streams by oscillatory rhythm synchronization. An asymmetry in favor of the auditory modality was found in both behavioral experiments as well as two interaction effects, first a multiplicative gender effect in the face and stimulus tasks, second an effect of gender coherence in the face and voice tasks. In a third experiment we used fMRI to investigate effective connectivity modulations between the Fusiform Face Area and Temporal Voice Area during the presentation of face-voice stimuli while attending to either face, voice or any gender information. We found a change in effective connectivity for stimulus and face tasks in response to gender information, and for face and voice tasks in response to gender incoherence. These two independent modulations could be supported by the anatomical dual counterstream architecture
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Yeo, Gene W. (Gene Wei-Ming) 1977. "Identification, improved modeling and integration of signals to predict constitutive and altering splicing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28853.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.
(cont.) manipulation of intronic elements that enables fish genes to be spliced properly in mammalian cells; (iii) A computational analysis using EST data, genome sequence data, and microarray expression data of tissue- specific alternative splicing is conducted, which distinguishes human brain, testis and liver as having unusually high levels of AS, highlights differences in the types of AS occurring commonly in different tissues, and identifies candidate cis-regulatory elements and trans-factors likely to play important roles in tissue-specific AS in human cells; (iv) The identification of a set of discriminatory sequence features and their integration into a statistical machine-learning algorithm, ACEScan, which distinguishes exons subject to evolutionarily conserved alternative splicing from constitutively spliced or lineage-specifically-spliced exons is described; (v) The genome-wide search for and experimental validation of exon-skipping events using the combination of two silencing cis-elements, UAGG and GGGG.
The regulation of pre-messenger RNA splicing by the spliceosomal machinery via interactions between cis-regulatory elements and splicing trans-factors to generate a specific mRNA i.e. constitutive splicing, or sometimes many distinct mRNA isoforms i.e. alternative splicing, is still a poorly understood process. Progress into illuminating this process is further exacerbated by the variation of splicing in the multitude of tissues and cell types present, as well as the variation of cis and trans elements in different organisms, and the possibility that some alternative splicing events present in expressed sequence tag (EST) databases may constitute biochemical 'noise' or transient evolutionary fluctuations. Several studies, mainly computational in nature, addressing different questions regarding constitutive and alternative splicing are described here, ranging from improved modeling of splicing signals, studying the variation of alternative splicing in various tissues, analyzing evolutionary differences of cis and trans elements of splicing in various vertebrates, and utilizing attributes indicative of alternative splicing events conserved in human and mouse to identify novel alternatively spliced exons. In particular: (i) A general approach for improved modeling of short sequence motifs, based on the Maximum Entropy principle, that incorporates local adjacent and non-adjacent position dependencies is introduced, and applied to understanding splice site signals. The splice site recognition algorithm, MaxENTScan, performs better than previous models that utilize as input similar length sequences; (ii) The first large-scale bioinformatics study is conducted that identifies similarities and differences in candidate cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting splicing
by Gene W. Yeo.
Ph.D.
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Rouault, Marion. "Integration of beliefs and affective values in human decision-making." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0052/document.
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Le contrôle exécutif de l'action fait référence a la capacité de l'homme a contrôler et adapter son comportement de manière flexible, en lien avec ses états mentaux internes. Il repose sur l’évaluation des conséquences des actions pour ajuster les choix futurs. Les actions peuvent être renforcées ou dévalues en fonction de la valeur affective des conséquences, impliquant notamment les ganglions de la base et le cortex préfrontal médian. En outre, les conséquences des actions portent une information, qui permet d'ajuster le comportement en relation avec des croyances internes, impliquant le cortex préfrontal. Ainsi, les conséquences des actions portent deux types de signaux : (1) Une valeur affective, qui représente l’évaluation de la conséquence de l'action selon les préférences subjectives, issue de l'apprentissage par renforcement ; (2) Une valeur de croyance, mesurant comment les actions correspondent aux contingences externes, en lien avec l’inférence bayésienne. Cependant, la contribution de ces deux signaux a la prise de décision reste méconnue. Dans cette these, nous avons étudie la pertinence de cette dissociation aux niveaux comportemental et cérébral. Nous présentons plusieurs expériences comportementales permettant de dissocier ces deux signaux de valeur, sous la forme de taches d'apprentissage probabiliste avec des structures de récompense stochastiques et changeantes. Nous avons construit un modelé établissant les fondations fonctionnelles et computationnelles de la dissociation. Il combine deux systèmes en parallèle : un système d'apprentissage par renforcement modulant les valeurs affectives, et un système d’inférence bayésienne modulant les croyances. Le modèle explique mieux le comportement que de nombreux modèles alternatifs. Nous avons ensuite étudie, en IRM fonctionnelle, si les représentations dépendantes et indépendantes du choix des croyances et des valeurs affectives avaient des bases neurales distinctes. L’activité du cortex préfrontal ventromédian (VMPFC) et du cortex mid-cingulaire (MCC) corrélé avec les deux variables dépendantes du choix. Cependant, une double-dissociation a été identifiée concernant les représentations indépendantes du choix, le VMPFC étant spécifique des croyances alors que le MCC est spécifique des valeurs affectives. En outre, l’activité du cortex préfrontal latéral augmente lorsque les deux valeurs de décision sont proches et que le choix devient difficile. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'avant la décision, le cortex préfrontal ventromédian (VMPFC) et le cortex mid-cingulaire (MCC) encodent séparément les croyances et les valeurs affectives respectivement. Le cortex préfrontal latéral (LPFC) combine les deux signaux pour prendre une décision, puis renvoie l'information du choix aux régions médianes, probablement pour actualiser les deux signaux de valeur en fonction des conséquences du choix. Ces résultats contribuent a élucider les mécanismes cérébraux de la prise de décision dans le cortex préfrontalExecutive control relates to the human ability to monitor and flexibly adapt behavior in relation to internal mental states. Specifically, executive control relies on evaluating action outcomes for adjusting subsequent action. Actions can be reinforced or devaluated given affective value of outcomes, notably in basal ganglia and medial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, outcomes convey information to adapt behavior in relation to internal beliefs, involving prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, action outcomes convey two major types of value signals: (1) Affective values, representing the valuation of action outcomes given subjective preferences and stemming from reinforcement learning; (2) Belief values about how actions map onto outcome contingencies and relating to Bayesian inference. However, how these two signals contribute to decision remains unclear, and previous experimental paradigms confounded them. In this PhD thesis, we investigated whether their dissociation is behaviorally and neurally relevant. We present several behavioral experiments dissociating these two signals, in the form of probabilistic reversal-learning tasks involving stochastic and changing reward structures. We built a model establishing the functional and computational foundations of such dissociation. It combined two parallel systems: reinforcement learning, modulating affective values, and Bayesian inference, monitoring beliefs. The model accounted for behavior better than many other alternative models. We then investigated whether beliefs and affective values have distinct neural bases using fMRI. BOLD signal was regressed against choice-dependent and choice-independent beliefs and affective values. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and midcingulate cortex (MCC) activity correlated with both choice-dependent variables. However, we found a double-dissociation regarding choice-independent variables, with VMPFC encoding choice-independent beliefs, whereas MCC encoded choice-independent affective values. Additionally, activity in lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) increased when decision values (i.e. mixture of beliefs and affective values) got closer to each other and action selection became more difficult. These results suggest that before decision, VMPFC and MCC separately encode beliefs and affective values respectively. LPFC combines both signals to decide, then feeds back choice information to these medial regions, presumably for updating these value signals according to action outcomes. These results provide new insight into the neural mechanisms of decision-making in prefrontal cortex
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Hiskey, S. "Older adult experiences of reactivated posttraumatic distress : life stage integration or cognitive disintegration?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445581/.
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This review explores current research on reactivated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among older adults. Diagnostic system classifications of PTSD and possible trauma-based presentations among the elderly are considered before work concerning prevalence, symptomatology and course, triggers, theoretical explanations of reactivated trauma and treatments is examined. Conceptual and methodological strengths and weaknesses of existing work are highlighted and we conclude that the next phase in research efforts should continue to explore the relative contributions of cognitive/neuropsychological and developmental/social factors in understanding this phenomenon.
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Dingle, Genevieve. "Integration of cognitive and biochemical processes in the maintenance and treatment of depression /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16887.pdf.
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Gresham, Lori J. "Toddlers' Problem Solving: The Importance of Dynamic Integration." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1281459838.
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Cuevas, Haydee. "TRANSFORMING LEARNING INTO A CONSTRUCTIVE COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3931.
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This study explored the effectiveness of embedding a guided, learner-generated instructional strategy (query method), designed to support learners' cognitive and metacognitive processes, within the context of a computer-based complex task training environment (i.e., principles of flight in the aviation domain). The queries were presented as "stop and think" exercises in an open-ended question format that asked learners to generate either simple (low-level elaboration) or complex (high-level elaboration) sentences from a list of key training concepts. Results consistently highlighted the benefit of presenting participants with low-level elaboration queries, as compared to the no-query or high-level elaboration queries. In terms of post-training cognitive outcomes, participants presented with the low-level elaboration queries exhibited significantly more accurate knowledge organization (indicated by similarity to an expert model), better acquisition of perceptual knowledge, and superior performance on integrative knowledge assessment involving the integration and application of task-relevant concepts. Consistent with previous studies, no significant differences in performance were found on basic factual knowledge assessment. Presentation of the low-level elaboration queries also significantly improved the training program's instructional efficiency, that is, greater performance was achieved with less perceived cognitive effort. In terms of post-training metacognitive outcomes, participants presented with the low-level elaboration queries exhibited significantly greater metacomprehension accuracy and more effective metacognitive self-regulation during training. Contrary to predictions, incorporating the high-level elaboration queries into the training consistently failed, with only a few exceptions, to produce significantly better post-training outcomes than the no-query or the low-level elaboration query training conditions. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the theoretical implications for garnering a better understanding of the cognitive and metacognitive factors underlying the learning process. Practical implications for training design are presented within the context of cognitive load theory. Specifically, the increased cognitive processing of the training material associated with the high-level elaboration queries may have imposed too great a cognitive load on participants during training, minimizing the cognitive resources available for achieving a deeper, integrative understanding of the training concepts and hindering successful performance on the cognitive measures. The discussion also highlights the need for a multi-faceted approach to training evaluation.Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
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Titus, Jeffery B. "The prediction of cognitive ability from sensory/motor performance : examining the role of sensory/motor performance in the Dean-Woodcock Cognitive Neuropsychology Model." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1239213.
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The present study investigated the relationship between sensory/motor skills and cognitive abilities in psychiatric and neurologically impaired patients to determine how sensory/motor skills are associated with cognitive abilities. Previous research has demonstrated a significant relationship between performance on sensory/motor tasks and cognition but has failed to examine how well sensory/motor skills can predict specific cognitive performance. Because brain functioning is hierarchical with simpler processes being foundational to the development of more complex functions, it is likely sensory/motor skills can aid in the prediction of specific cognitive abilities. If this is true, then investigation of the relationship between sensory/motor performance and cognition should provide insight into the role of sensory/motor skills in the Dean-Woodcock Cognitive Neuropsychology Model.This study examined the relationship between scores on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability - Revised (WJ-R COG) and scores on the Dean-Woodcock Sensory and Motor Battery (D-WSMB). Participants included 458 patients referred for neuropsychological consultation with neurological and/or psychiatric diagnoses. Results indicated a significant correlation among cognitive scores and sensory/motor scores. Moreover, factor analysis revealed 7 overall factors that account for approximately 65% of the variance. These factors were identified as being thinking ability and processing speed, subcortical functioning, verbal working memory, peripheral processes, tactile kinesthetic thinking (Gtk), visual processing, and simple sensory/motor.Integration of sensory/motor factors into the Dean-Woodcock Cognitive Neuropsychology Model revealed the significant role sensory/motor performance plays in predicting higher-order cognitive abilities. From the analysis it appeared that certain sensory/motor functions were significant contributors to the prediction of specific cognitive abilities. That is, subcortical functioning aided in the prediction of all measured areas of cognition; visual processing contributed to visual-spatial thinking, novel reasoning, and crystallized knowledge; tactile-kinesthetic thinking helped predict visual-spatial thinking, auditory processing, and crystallized knowledge; and simple sensory/motor functioning aided in the explanation of long-term storage-retrieval.These results offer a beginning point for further investigation into the relationship between specific sensory/motor skills and cognitive abilities. Research in this area can provide further insight into the functional organization of the brain and offer application to cognitive outcome in rehabilitation as well as preschool screening.Department of Educational Psychology
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Asher, Derrik E. "Action Selection and Execution with Computational Neural Networks of Neuromodulation and Sensory Integration." Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3626926.
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Neuromodulation is a neurophysiological process by which a single neuron can regulate the neural activity of a diverse population of neurons. Sensory integration is a neurobiological process by which the brain combines multiple sensory modality inputs (i.e., vision, proprioception, audition, tactile, olfactory, vestibular, interoception, and taste) into usable functional outputs. In biological systems, neuromodulation and sensory integration have been shown to have a strong influence over action selection (decision-making) and action execution (motor output) respectively. The experiments portrayed in Chapters 1-4 provide empirical and theoretical evidence for neuromodulatory influence over selected actions through predictions of expected costs and rewards. The simulation experiments described in Chapters 5-6 illustrate how sensory integration influences action execution across different neural architectures in visually and memory guided sensorimotor transformation tasks. The implications of these results and future endeavors are discussed in Chapter 7, along with a proposed computational model of both action selection and sensory integration to investigate the dynamics of decision-making influenced by the integration of multiple sensory inputs in order to execute an action.
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Mitra, Paromita. "Human Systems Integration of an Extravehicular Activity Space Suit Augmented Reality Display System." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843754.
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During an extravehicular activity (EVA), the role of an astronaut involves a multitude of complex tasks. Whether that task is a science experiment aboard the International Space Station, or traversing extraterrestrial terrain – attention, communication, and instruction are essential. As an aid, augmented reality (AR) can portray suit informatics and procedures within line-of-sight while minimizing attentional loss. Currently, there exists little research highlighting the human systems considerations to qualify AR systems for space suit applications. This study quantifies user interface (UI) and human performance measures for an AR prototype on the Mark III space suit. For user testing, 21 military pilots and personnel (11 men, 10 women) evaluated UI search tasks and completed a series of AR-instructed EVA dexterity tasks in an elevated luminosity, background clutter, and workload scenario. UI results suggest correlations for readability and usability; whereas, human performance results provide situational awareness, workload, and task performance data.
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Fiebig, André [Verfasser]. "Cognitive stimulus integration in the context of auditory sensations and sound perceptions / Andre Fiebig." Berlin : epubli GmbH, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079767789/34.
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Anderson, Kathryn B. "Cognitive and personality predictors of male-on-female aggression : an integration of theoretical perspectives /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737907.
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Skulmowski, Alexander, and Günter Daniel Rey. "Embodied learning: introducing a taxonomy based on bodily engagement and task integration." Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21245.
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Research on learning and education is increasingly influenced by theories of embodied cognition. Several embodiment-based interventions have been empirically investigated, including gesturing, interactive digital media, and bodily activity in general. This review aims to present the most important theoretical foundations of embodied cognition and their application to educational research. Furthermore, we critically review recent research concerning the effectiveness of embodiment interventions and develop a taxonomy to more properly characterize research on embodied cognition. The main dimensions of this taxonomy are bodily engagement (i.e. how much bodily activity is involved) and task integration (i.e. whether bodily activities are related to a learning task in a meaningful way or not). By locating studies on the 2 × 2 grid resulting from this taxonomy and assessing the corresponding learning outcomes, we identify opportunities, problems, and challenges of research on embodied learning.
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Fortenberry, Bret. "A neural model of head direction calibration during spatial navigation: learned integration of visual, vestibular, and motor cues." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32882.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University, 2012PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Effective navigation depends upon reliable estimates of head direction (HD). Visual, vestibular, and outflow motor signals combine for this purpose in a brain system that includes dorsal tegmental nucleus, lateral mammillary nuclei (LMN), anterior dorsal thalamic nucleus (ADN), and the postsubiculum (PoS). Learning is needed to combine such different cues and to provide reliable estimates of HD. A neural model is developed to explain how these three types of signals combine adaptively within the above brain regions to generate a consistent and reliable HD estimate, in both light and darkness. The model starts with establishing HD cells so that each cell is tuned to a preferred head direction, wherein the firing rate is maximal at the preferred direction and decreases as the head turns from the preferred direction. In the brain, HD cells fire in anticipation of a head rotation. This anticipation is measured by the anticipated time interval (ATI), which is greater in early processing stages of the HD system than at later stages. The ATI is greatest in the LMN at -70 ms, it is reduced in the ADN to -25 ms, and non-existing in the last HD stage, the PoS. In the model, these HD estimates are controlled at the corresponding processing stages by combinations of vestibular and motor signals as they become adaptively calibrated to produce a correct HD estimate. The model also simulates how visual cues anchor HD estimates through adaptive learning when the cue is in the animal's field of view. Such learning gains control over cell firing within minutes. As in the data, distal visual cues are more effective than proximal cues for anchoring the preferred direction. The introduction of novel cues in either a novel or familiar environment is learned and gains control over a cell's preferred direction within minutes. Turning out the lights or removing all familiar cues does not change the cells firing activity, but it may accumulate a drift in the cell's preferred direction.
2031-01-01
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Bornard, Jean-Charles. "Développement d'un modèle du conducteur automobile : De la modélisation cognitive à la simulation numérique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779706.
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L'activité de conduite automobile prend place dans un environnement dynamique en constante évolution. Le conducteur doit progresser sur la route au moyen de son véhicule, tout en interagissant adéquatement avec l'environnement et les autres usagers. Pour réaliser cette tâche, le conducteur doit percevoir son environnement, interpréter les événements pour se représenter correctement la situation de conduite, anticiper ces changements, et prendre des décisions a n d'engager des actions sur le véhicule lui permettant d'atteindre les buts qu'il se fixe à court et long terme. A cet égard, la complexité et la diversité des processus perceptifs, cognitifs et sensori-moteurs requis pour la conduite automobile font de cette activité un objet d'étude particulièrement riche pour les sciences de la cognition. Pour étudier l'activité du conducteur automobile a n de la comprendre, l'expliquer et peut-être la prédire, les sciences cognitives se dirigent vers la modélisation de la cognition humaine. Cette démarche permet une représentation et une description plus ou moins ne du système cognitif du conducteur automobile. Cependant, un modèle de la cognition ne permet qu'une description théorique. Grâce à son implémentation informatique, il devient possible de simuler les théories utilisées et déployer numériquement celles mises en jeu dans la modélisation cognitive. Ce travail de thèse s'articule autour de la modélisation cognitive du conducteur automobile, de son implémentation informatique sur une plateforme de développement virtuel et de sa simulation au sein de cette plateforme. Le modèle théorique que nous avons implémenté est COSMODRIVE, en développement au laboratoire du LESCOT à l'IFSTTAR, et la plateforme de développement accueillant le modèle est SiVIC, développée au LIVIC. C'est dans ce contexte que nous nous sommes engagés dans le développement computationnel et informatique du modèle COSMODRIVE, a n de pouvoir simuler l'activité perceptive et cognitive du conducteur automobile. Pour cela, nous nous sommes limités à certains processus cognitifs primordiaux, comme les fonctions stratégiques (plani cation d'itinéraires et réalisation de plans stratégiques), ou les fonctions perceptives (exploration et intégration de l'information visuelle), les fonctions cognitives tactiques (construction de représentations mentales, intégration perceptivo-cognitive de l'information, structuration des connaissances de conduite, etc.), ou encore les fonctions d'exécution d'actions (régulation courte par zones enveloppes ou par points de poursuite). Par l'implémentation informatique du modèle COSMODRIVE sur SiVIC, il devient possible d'incarner numériquement des théories cognitives et de les opérationnaliser pour formuler des hypothèses de recherche sous la forme de prédictions de performances que l'on pourra évaluer empiriquement auprès de conducteurs humains. Ces hypothèses formulées, nous avons conduit des expérimentations sur un simulateur de conduite que nous avons construit. A n d'éprouver notre modèle théorique et informatique du conducteur automobile, nous avons comparé les performances des conducteurs humains avec les prédictions issues de la simulation. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de valider cette approche et de con firmer l'intérêt de la simulation cognitive pour appréhender les activités mentales du conducteur automobile.
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Metzler, Torsten [Verfasser]. "Models and Methods for the Systematic Integration of Cognitive Functions into Product Concepts / Torsten Metzler." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1094117277/34.
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Gibbs, Brian J. "A cognitive effect of a moving object’s dynamic visual history : spatiotemporal integration of physical properties." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25409.
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Despite enormous informational complexity in the optical environment, the visual world is effortlessly seen as coherent. Indeed, an object may change in virtually all of its physical properties and in its spatial location and yet maintain a constant perceptual identity. Apparently pieces of information registered in different segments of space-time, but referring to the same object, are perceptually integrated.
Kahneman, Treisman and Gibbs (in progress) explored the cognitive organization corresponding to this perceptual organization; the present thesis represents an extension of their work. To study the spatiotemporal integration of information regarding moving objects they developed the preview paradigm. The prototypical visual display of this paradigm consists of three phases: (a) Letters are presented, each within a line-figure object, and are then removed (field-1), (b) the empty objects move to new positions, (c) letters are again presented in the objects and a marker appears, cueing one of them (field-2). The task is to name the letter in the cued object. The critical reaction time (RT) comparison is between consistent conditions (the target letter is previewed in the target object) and inconsistent conditions (the target letter is previewed, but in another object). An RT advantage for consistent conditions is termed the object effect because it represents object-specific facilitation. Object effects were generated in many experiments, including one utilizing only apparent motion to create objects. Certain experiments suggested that the object effect does not occur at a lexical or semantic level, but involves information concerning physical properties.
The present thesis further explores the physical nature of the information integration underlying the object effect. Preview experiments were conducted, typically not with a letter-naming task, but with tasks requiring stimulus identification on the basis of a particular physical property. In experiments utilizing four moving line figures, object effects were obtained with presence and size. These effects were not artifacts of attending to field-1 or of confusing field-1 with field-2. In experiments utilizing apparent motion, object effects were obtained with color and with letters. Duodimension experiments elaborated the paradigm by introducing variation on a response-irrelevant dimension. The presence object effect was reduced by response-irrelevant shape inconsistency; the size object effect was eliminated by response-irrelevant shape inconsistency; the color object effect was unaffected by response-irrelevant letter-shape inconsistency; the letter object effect was slightly reduced by response-irrelevant color inconsistency.
The duodimension results suggest that the object-specific representation underlying the object effect consists of somewhat conjoined properties. This has implications for the role of attention in the object effect, and inspires the speculation that motion might be special with respect to attention. Accounts of the object effect rival to Kahneman et al.'s can be proposed: that it results from the integration of response tendencies rather than stimulus information, that it is based on a decrease in apparent distance between stimuli rather than on their unitization, and that its seeming retroactivity is an illusion produced by the relative quickness with which low spatial frequencies are processed. The present results support arguments against each of these accounts. The general conclusion of this thesis is that the spatiotemporal integration underlying the object effect does involve information about physical properties.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Huang, Junsheng. "Interactive integration English language learning strategies, styles and tasks in a school in Fujian /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182438.
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Chmielewski, Witold X., and Christian Beste. "Perceptual conflict during sensorimotor integration processes - a neurophysiological study in response inhibition." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-215947.
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A multitude of sensory inputs needs to be processed during sensorimotor integration. A crucial factor for detecting relevant information is its complexity, since information content can be conflicting at a perceptual level. This may be central to executive control processes, such as response inhibition. This EEG study aims to investigate the system neurophysiological mechanisms behind effects of perceptual conflict on response inhibition. We systematically modulated perceptual conflict by integrating a Global-local task with a Go/Nogo paradigm. The results show that conflicting perceptual information, in comparison to non-conflicting perceptual information, impairs response inhibition performance. This effect was evident regardless of whether the relevant information for response inhibition is displayed on the global, or local perceptual level. The neurophysiological data suggests that early perceptual/ attentional processing stages do not underlie these modulations. Rather, processes at the response selection level (P3), play a role in changed response inhibition performance. This conflict-related impairment of inhibitory processes is associated with activation differences in (inferior) parietal areas (BA7 and BA40) and not as commonly found in the medial prefrontal areas. This suggests that various functional neuroanatomical structures may mediate response inhibition and that the functional neuroanatomical structures involved depend on the complexity of sensory integration processes.
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Hosseini-Kaladjahi, Hassan. "Iranians in Sweden : economic, cultural and social integration." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-47395.
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This study explores three dimensions in the integration of Iranian immigrants in Sweden: economic, cultural and social. To test the generalisability of the ideas presented, and to place them in a wider framework the integration of Iranians has been compared with those of three other minorities: Chileans, Poles, and Finns. Data used in the statistical analyses have been obtained from the Centre for Research in International Migration and Ethnic relations (CEIFO). Economic integration of an immigrant group in a new society has been defined as its economic equality with the host population. The first part dealing with this aspect of integration compares Iranians with Swedes by three economic indicators: the ratio of unemployment, socio-economic status and income. By all indicators Iranians hold a considerably lower position as compared with Swedes. Both socio-demographic factors related to the Iranians and discrimination exercised by Swedish employers have been found to be relevant to the economic integration of Iranians in Sweden. The comparison of Iranians with the three other minorities, in terms of discrimination, indicates that the discrimination of these minorities corresponds to their cultural distance from Swedes. Iranians, with the remotest culture from Swedes among the four minorities, suffer the highest degree of discrimination. Finns, with the closest culture, suffer the lowest degree of discrimination. And the two other minorities lie between these two groups, respectively. Discrimination manifests itself mainly in a differential size of incomes which derives from the differential distribution of these groups among the least desirable occupations. The second part dealing with cultural integration evaluates the adaptation of Iranian to Swedish culture by two indicators representing cognitive and normative acculturation. This part is especially focused on the proposition that the westernisation process in Iran and differential reactions against this process are relevant in the acculturation of Iranians in Sweden. Two hypotheses formulated on the basis of this proposition- the negative effects of commitment to Iranian culture and radicalism on the acculturation of Iranians in Sweden- have been supported by the indicator of normative acculturation, but not by that of cognitive acculturation. The comparison of the four minorities has demonstrated that generalities, clustering and uniqueness all exist among the factors explaining their acculturation. The generalities and clustering are more striking in cognitive acculturation. Similarities are more evident between Iranians and Chileans. Finally, the last part dealing with social integration concentrates on the association of Iranians with Swedes. Assuming that association of two individuals with each other requires a common language and a minimum degree of intersubjectivity, it has been generally hypothesised that: 1) social integration of minorities in the new society will be a function of their cultural distance from the host population, and 2) all processes contributing to the increasing or decreasing of cultural distance will contribute also to the increasing or decreasing of their social integration. On the basis of these general hypotheses the following concrete hypotheses have been tested. 1) Among the four minorities, Iranians, as culturally remotest from Swedes, will have the least degree of social integration, followed by Chileans, Poles and Finns, respectively. 2) Commitment of Iranians to Iranian culture, as a medium increasing cultural distance, will correlate negatively with their social integration in Sweden. 3) Countercultural elements in Swedish society, as a medium of cultural-distance reduction, will contribute to the social integration of immigrants in this society. All hypotheses have been supported by the existing data.
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Parise, Cesare Valerio. "Signal compatibility as a modulatory factor for audiovisual multisensory integration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ec36fab1-9209-4579-a043-6f990b7ec553.
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The physical properties of the distal stimuli activating our senses are often correlated in nature; it would therefore be advantageous to exploit such correlations to better process sensory information. Stimulus correlations can be contingent and readily available to the senses (like the temporal correlation between mouth movements and vocal sounds in speech), or can be the results of the statistical co-occurrence of certain stimulus properties that can be learnt over time (like the relation between the frequency of acoustic resonance and the size of the resonator). Over the last century, a large body of research on multisensory processing has demonstrated the existence of compatibility effects between individual features of stimuli from different sensory modalities. Such compatibility effects, termed crossmodal correspondences, possibly reflect the internalization of the natural correlation between stimulus properties. The present dissertation assesses the effects of crossmodal correspondences on multisensory processing and reports a series of experiments demonstrating that crossmodal correspondences influence the processing rate of sensory information, distort perceptual experiences and lead to stronger multisensory integration. Moreover, a final experiment investigating the effects of contingent signals’ correlation on multisensory processing demonstrates the key role of temporal correlation in inferring whether two signals have a common physical cause or not (i.e., the correspondence problem). A Bayesian framework is proposed to interpret the present results whereby stimulus correlations, represented on the prior distribution of expected crossmodal co-occurrence, operate as cues to solve the correspondence problem.
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Borghetti, Lorraine. "Neural Evidence for the Influence of Communication on Cognitive Processing as Proposed by Quantum Cognition Theory." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563492110175352.
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Al, Madi Naser S. "A STUDY OF LEARNING PERFORMANCE AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY DURING MULTIMODAL COMPREHENSION USING SEGMENTATION-INTEGRATION MODEL AND EEG." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1416868268.
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Stangl, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Investigating human grid-cell-like representations and path integration in the context of cognitive aging / Matthias Stangl." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1219965685/34.
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Stock, Ann-Kathrin, Krutika Gohil, René J. Huster, and Christian Beste. "On the effects of multimodal information integration in multitasking." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230405.
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There have recently been considerable advances in our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying multitasking, but the role of multimodal integration for this faculty has remained rather unclear. We examined this issue by comparing different modality combinations in a multitasking (stop-change) paradigm. In-depth neurophysiological analyses of event-related potentials (ERPs) were conducted to complement the obtained behavioral data. Specifically, we applied signal decomposition using second order blind identification (SOBI) to the multi-subject ERP data and source localization. We found that both general multimodal information integration and modality-specific aspects (potentially related to task difficulty) modulate behavioral performance and associated neurophysiological correlates. Simultaneous multimodal input generally increased early attentional processing of visual stimuli (i.e. P1 and N1 amplitudes) as well as measures of cognitive effort and conflict (i.e. central P3 amplitudes). Yet, tactile-visual input caused larger impairments in multitasking than audio-visual input. General aspects of multimodal information integration modulated the activity in the premotor cortex (BA 6) as well as different visual association areas concerned with the integration of visual information with input from other modalities (BA 19, BA 21, BA 37). On top of this, differences in the specific combination of modalities also affected performance and measures of conflict/effort originating in prefrontal regions (BA 6).
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Lützhöft, Margareta. "“The technology is great when it works” : Maritime Technology and Human Integration on the Ship’s Bridge." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell arbetsvetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5017.
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Several recent maritime accidents suggest that modern technology sometimes can make it difficult for mariners to navigate safely. A review of the literature also indicates that the technological remedies designed to prevent maritime accidents at times can be ineffective or counterproductive. To understand why, problem-oriented ethnography was used to collect and analyse data on how mariners understand their work and their tools. Over 4 years, 15 ships were visited; the ship types studied were small and large archipelago passenger ships and cargo ships. Mariners and others who work in the maritime industry were interviewed. What I found onboard were numerous examples of what I now call integration work. Integration is about co-ordination, co-operation and compromise. When humans and technology have to work together, the human (mostly) has to co-ordinate resources, co-operate with devices and compromise between means and ends. What mariners have to integrate to get work done include representations of data and information; rules, regulations and practice; human and machine work; and learning and practice. Mariners largely have to perform integration work themselves because machines cannot communicate in ways mariners see as useful. What developers and manufacturers choose to integrate into screens or systems is not always what the mariners would choose. There are other kinds of ‘mistakes’ mariners have to adapt to. Basically, they arise from conflicts between global rationality (rules, regulations and legislation) and local rationality (what gets defined as good seamanship at a particular time and place). When technology is used to replace human work this is not necessarily a straightforward or successful process. What it often means is that mariners have to work, sometimes very hard, to ‘construct’ a cooperational human-machine system. Even when technology works ‘as intended’ work of this kind is still required. Even in most ostensibly integrated systems, human operators still must perform integration work. In short, technology alone cannot solve the problems that technology created. Further, trying to fix ‘human error’ by incremental ‘improvements’ in technology or procedure tends to be largely ineffective due to the adaptive compensation by users. A systems view is necessary to make changes to a workplace. Finally, this research illustrates the value problem-oriented ethnography can have when it comes to collecting information on what users ‘mean’ and ‘really do’ and what designers ‘need’ to make technology easier and safer to use.
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Cook, Amy. "Shakespeare, the illusion of depth, and the science of parts an integration of cognitive science and performance studies /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3217529.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and University of California, Irvine, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 5, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-272).
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Keil, Julian [Verfasser]. "Electrophysiological signatures of conscious perception: The influence of cognitive, cortical and pathological states on multisensory integration / Julian Keil." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117670821X/34.
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Twyman, Alexandra Dawn. "INTEGRATION OF FEATURAL AND GEOMETRIC INFORMATION IN REORIENTATION: EVIDENCE FOR AN ADAPTIVE COMBINATION MODEL." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/158224.
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PsychologyPh.D.
This paper examines the integration of geometric and feature cues in spatial memory with a modified version of the spatial reorientation task. Proponents of the geometric module position argue that there is an encapsulated reorientation module, and that true reorientation is accomplished only via geometry (Lee & Spelke, 2010). Features can be used in a second and separate step, but only to locate a goal rather than as a reorientation cue. In contrast, proponents of the adaptive combination approach argue that geometry and feature cues are integrated in spatial memory and that both cues can be used to facilitate reorientation (Newcombe & Ratliff, 2007). The present experiment provides support for the adaptive combination position. The first phase of the experiment was a reorientation task in a trapezoid enclosure (unambiguous geometry) with a narrow feature strip (unambiguous feature). During training, participants started facing a set direction, were disoriented, and then were asked to return to the original facing direction using the geometry, the feature, or both. During these training trials, participants were biased in the direction of the feature, indicating that both features and geometry might be integrated in a Bayesian fashion in spatial memory. The test trials provided additional support for integration and the adaptive combination position. There were four conflict test conditions where the feature moved in relation to the geometry present in training. When the feature moved a small distance in the direction of the geometry, when the feature moved to a novel wall, or when the feature moved a small distance away from the geometry of an acute corner angle, participants selected the correct geometric position. In contrast, when the feature moved a small distance away from the geometry of an obtuse corner angle or when the feature moved a moderate distance away from the geometry of either an acute or an obtuse angle, participants integrated their response and selected and area between the training geometry and feature. The modularity position predicts choices exclusively at the geometry position. This was not found. The adaptive combination position predicts that features and geometry will sometimes be used independently and crucially can be integrated. The data support this position. In sum, the present research provides the first evidence for integration of geometric and feature cues in adult spatial memory during reorientation, and supports the adaptive combination position. Additionally, a mini spatial battery was administered to participants. Correlations of individual differences in spatial skills with reorientation in this paradigm are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Muro, Lamar Ray Dee C. "The effects of a human developmental counseling application curriculum on content integration, application, and cognitive complexity for counselor trainees." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5138.
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Watson, Ashleigh Louise. "Multisensory integration, predictive coding and the Bayesian brain : reintegrating the body image and body schema distinction into cognitive science." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23505.
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The classic distinction between the body schema and the body image received renewed interest in cognitive psychology, in part because of the attempts by the leading psychologist Charles Spence and his co-authors to synthesise a mounting body of research into the multisensory nature and functional properties of the neural structures in primate cortex that are sensitive and responsive to cross-modal stimuli generated from the body and objects located close to the body, and the famous rubber hand illusion which purported to illustrate how the perception and understanding of what counts as one’s body, i.e., our body image, can be manipulated to include foreign, body-part-like, objects such as a rubber hand. This approach was intended to settle age old questions about how the body schema – the system sub-personal sensorimotor system that shapes, facilitates and regulates motor control – is implemented in the brain and address historic confusions about how the body schema should be understood as an explanatory concept, as well as the problems surrounding the body schema and image distinction on the grounds of the persistent conflation between the two concepts. However, after offering several proposals as to how the body schema should be used to organise and interpret the empirical data, the distinction fell out of favour with Spence and his colleagues on the grounds of the very problems they intended to resolve. The proposed solution is an alternative theoretical framework that, I shall argue, never materialised. Instead, the various definitions they disseminate, I will claim, simply serve to further perpetuate the same problems and confusions about the body schema. Thus, the current state of the literature on the body image and schema in cognitive psychology is in dire need of a conceptual framework that would help us situate and interpret the important empirical data. I propose that we revisit the philosophical debates that were inspired by the philosopher Shaun Gallagher as part of his project to provide a conceptual analysis of the body schema and image distinction and vindicate its status as an important explanatory device for the explanatory ambitions of embodied cognition. Gallagher’s analysis opens up important questions about how the sub-personal multisensory processes of the body schema not only facilitate moment-by-moment motor behaviours, but how they shape and optimise motor control across developmental timelines, as well the importance of the embodied configuration of an agent and its particular eco-niche for shaping and facilitating its motor behaviours. The second important argument of the thesis is that the response to Gallagher’s analysis has simply served to suppress the line of research that Gallagher inspired because the questions his analysis raises have been overshadowed by more general disputes between Gallagher and his opponents about the shape an analysis of the body schema from the perspective of embodied cognition should take. As such, potentially promising lines of research in relation to the body schema have since dried up. As part of my attempt to make progress on the issues that are laid out at the first and second stages of the thesis, the third stage will involve an exploration into the seminal Bayesian approach to understanding cross-modal cue optimisation as it applies to object perception (Banks & Ernst, 2002) and the recent extension of this paradigm to the multimodal sensorimotor processes that underpin motor behaviour in action-oriented cognitive science (e.g., Friston, 2010). The conclusion of the thesis is that the move from an embodied to an action-oriented analysis of the body schema, and the conceptual distinction of which it is part, provides us with the right kind of theoretical resources to begin to pursue fruitful avenues of research that allow us to begin to address the questions set out by Gallagher’s analysis whilst avoiding (some of) the pitfalls that beset the embodied approach. In the final chapter I use this model of the body schema to illustrate how it can provide the basis for working back up towards a comprehensive theory of the body image and schema distinction, which I then bring to bear on current, as-yet-unaddressed, issues in developmental psychology.
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Muro, Lamar. "The Effects of a Human Developmental Counseling Application Curriculum on Content Integration, Application, and Cognitive Complexity for Counselor Trainees." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5138/.
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Although professional counselors have distinguished themselves among helping professionals through a focus and foundational framework in normal human growth and development over the life-span, a majority of programs neglect to incorporate training opportunities enabling students to translate developmental theory to clinical practice. In this mixed-method study, the researcher explored the effects of a human developmental counseling application curriculum and examined cognitive complexity levels among counselor trainees. Qualitative results support gains in both the integration and application of developmental content while quantitative results offer partial support for cognitive complexity gains among trainees. This study identifies a curricular training experience in which counselor trainees' integration and application human developmental theory as well as cognitive complexity, are notably enhanced.
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Stock, Kristin Mary. "A new method for representing and translating the semantics of hetrogenous spatial databases." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Iarussi, Melanie Marie Scherer. "Counselors’ experiences of client and counselor language while using motivational interviewing and cognitive behavior therapy to facilitate client change." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1309544639.
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