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1
Giladi, Paul. "Epistemic injustice." Philosophy & Social Criticism 44, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453717707237.
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My aim in this article is to propose that an insightful way of articulating the feminist concept of epistemic injustice can be provided by paying significant attention to recognition theory. The article intends to provide an account for diagnosing epistemic injustice as a social pathology and also attempts to paint a picture of some social cure of structural forms of epistemic injustice. While there are many virtues to the literature on epistemic injustice, epistemic exclusion and silencing, current discourse on diagnosing as well as explicating and overcoming these social pathologies can be improved and enriched by bringing recognition theory into the conversation: under recognition theory, social normative standards are constructed out of the moral grammar of recognition attributions. I shall argue that the failure to properly recognize and afford somebody or a social group the epistemic respect they merit is an act of injustice in the sense of depriving individuals of a progressive social environment in which the epistemic respect afforded to them plays a significant role in enabling and fostering their self-confidence as rational enquirers. Testimonial injustice is particularly harrowing, because it robs a group or an individual of the status of a rational enquirer, thereby creating an asymmetrical cognitive environment in which that group or individual is not deemed one’s conversational peer. Hermeneutical injustice is particularly harrowing, because asymmetrical cognitive environments further entrench the normative power of ideology.
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Baumert, Anna, Mario Gollwitzer, Miriam Staubach, and Manfred Schmitt. "Justice Sensitivity and the Processing of Justice–Related Information." European Journal of Personality 25, no. 5 (September 2011): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.800.
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We investigated how Justice Sensitivity (JS) shapes the processing of justice–related information. We proposed that due to frequently perceiving and ruminating about injustices, persons high in JS develop highly accessible and differentiated injustice concepts that shape attention, interpretation and memory for justice–related information. Three studies provided evidence for these assumptions. After witnessing injustice, persons high in JS attended more strongly to unjust stimuli than to negative control stimuli (Study1) and interpreted an ambiguous situation as less just than persons low in JS (Study2). Finally, they displayed a memory advantage for unjust information (Study3). Results suggest that JS involves the availability and accessibility of injustice concepts as parameters of cognitive functioning and offer explanations for effects of JS on justice–related behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Zhu, Ruida, Zhenhua Xu, Song Su, Chunliang Feng, Yi Luo, Honghong Tang, Shen Zhang, Xiaoyan Wu, Xiaoqin Mai, and Chao Liu. "From gratitude to injustice: Neurocomputational mechanisms of gratitude-induced injustice." NeuroImage 245 (December 2021): 118730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118730.
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Hyde, Krista. "Testimonial Injustice and Mindreading." Hypatia 31, no. 4 (2016): 858–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12273.
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Miranda Fricker maintains that testimonial responsibility is the proper corrective to testimonial injustice. She proposes a perceptual‐like “testimonial sensibility” to explain the transmission of knowledge through testimony. This sensibility is the means by which a hearer perceives an interlocutor's credibility level. When prejudice causes a hearer to inappropriately deflate the credibility attributed to a speaker, the sensibility may have functioned unreliably. Testimonial responsibility, she claims, will make the capacity reliable by reinflating credibility levels to their proper degree. I argue that testimonial sensitivity may be or involve “mindreading,” the cognitive capacity by which we predict human behavior and explain it in terms of mental states. Further, I claim that, if testimonial sensibility is or involves mindreading, and mindreading is a function of brain processes (as claimed by cognitive neuroscientists), testimonial injustice cannot be corrected by testimonial responsibility. This is because 1) it appears to rely on conscious awareness of prejudice, whereas much bias occurs implicitly, and 2) it works at the individual level, whereas testimonial injustice occurs both individually and socially. I argue that the remedy for testimonial injustice is, instead, engaging in social efforts that work below the level of consciousness.
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Wodziński, Maciej, and Marcin Moskalewicz. "Mental Health Experts as Objects of Epistemic Injustice—The Case of Autism Spectrum Condition." Diagnostics 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2023): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13050927.
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This theoretical paper addresses the issue of epistemic injustice with particular reference to autism. Injustice is epistemic when harm is performed without adequate reason and is caused by or related to access to knowledge production and processing, e.g., concerning racial or ethnic minorities or patients. The paper argues that both mental health service users and providers can be subject to epistemic injustice. Cognitive diagnostic errors often appear when complex decisions are made in a limited timeframe. In those situations, the socially dominant ways of thinking about mental disorders and half-automated and operationalized diagnostic paradigms imprint on experts’ decision-making processes. Recently, analyses have focused on how power operates in the service user–provider relationship. It was observed that cognitive injustice inflicts on patients through the lack of consideration of their first-person perspectives, denial of epistemic authority, and even epistemic subject status, among others. This paper shifts focus toward health professionals as rarely considered objects of epistemic injustice. Epistemic injustice affects mental health providers by harming their access to and use of knowledge in their professional activities, thus affecting the reliability of their diagnostic assessments.
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Beugré, Constant D. "Understanding injustice-related aggression in organizations: a cognitive model." International Journal of Human Resource Management 16, no. 7 (July 2005): 1120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585190500143964.
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Correia, Isabel, Ana-Raquel Lopes, Patrícia Alcântara, and Hélder Alves. "Does injustice reduce cognitive performance? An experimental test / ¿Provoca la injusticia una disminución en el rendimiento cognitivo? Una prueba empírica." Revista de Psicología Social 32, no. 3 (September 2, 2017): 462–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2017.1352168.
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Beugré, Constant D. "Reacting aggressively to injustice at work: a cognitive stage model." Journal of Business and Psychology 20, no. 2 (December 2005): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-005-8265-1.
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Li, Yi. "Testimonial Injustice without Prejudice: Considering Cases of Cognitive or Psychological Impairment." Journal of Social Philosophy 47, no. 4 (December 2016): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josp.12175.
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Maniglio, Francesco. "Substituting, Differentiating, Discriminating! Migration and Cognitive Borders in Aging Societies." Migration Letters 19, no. 4 (July 29, 2022): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i4.1547.
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Both Legislators and demographers have shown concerns about the aging of populations in the global North countries, and, for over two decades, have suggested encouraging migrations to make up for its effects. As a result, qualified and highly qualified migration have boomed, reflecting the global consolidation of migrant labor in technological, scientific and financial sectors. This substitution migration policy, however, is put into question from a knowledge-based economical and political perspective, since, by disregarding the relationship between labor productivity transformations and demographic crisis, it fails to see important processes whereby immigrants are differentially included. Moreover, we want to reject the philanthropic and optimistic views of globalization, as consolidated in formulations such as “brain gain” and “brain circulation”, which emphasize the generalized positive effects of qualified workers’ migration. Instead, we suggest delving into the cognitive injustice of international migration processes, which are part of a greater global social injustice pattern. Indeed, rather than reproducing the discourse of mobility, democracy and human rights, we assert that selective immigration policies effectively consolidate the reproduction of global social inequalities.
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Sturgeon, John A., Maisa S. Ziadni, Zina Trost, Beth D. Darnall, and Sean C. Mackey. "Pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, and pain intensity impair life satisfaction through differential patterns of physical and psychological disruption." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 17, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.09.020.
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AbstractBackground and purposePrevious research has highlighted the importance of cognitive appraisal processes in determining the nature and effectiveness of coping with chronic pain. Two of the key variables implicated in appraisal of pain are catastrophizing and perceived injustice, which exacerbate the severity of pain-related distress and increase the risk of long-term disability through maladaptive behavioural responses. However, to date, the influences of these phenomena have not been examined concurrently, nor have they been related specifically to quality of life measures, such as life satisfaction.MethodsUsing data froman online survey of330 individuals with chronic pain, structural path modelling techniques were used to examine the independent effects of pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, and average pain intensity on life satisfaction. Two potential mediators of these relationships were examined: depressive symptoms and pain-related interference.ResultsResults indicated that depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and life satisfaction, and pain interference fully mediated the relationship between pain intensity and life satisfaction. Both depressive symptoms and pain interference were found to significantly mediate the relationship between perceived injustice and life satisfaction, but perceived injustice continued to demonstrate a significant and negative relationship with life satisfaction, above and beyond the other study variables.ConclusionsThe current findings highlight the distinct affective and behavioural mediators of pain and maladaptive cognitive appraisal processes in chronic pain, and highlight their importance in both perceptions of pain-related interference and longer-term quality of life.
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Jennings, M. Kent. "Thinking about Social Injustice." Political Psychology 12, no. 2 (June 1991): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3791461.
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Neumann, Johanna Christina, Thomas Berger, and Jan Ilhan Kizilhan. "Development of a Questionnaire to Measure the Perceived Injustice of People Who Have Experienced Violence in War and Conflict Areas: Perceived Injustice Questionnaire (PIQ)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 12357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312357.
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Objectives: The primary aim of this research was to develop a questionnaire that assesses perceived injustice among survivors of war and trauma in conflict areas and to evaluate its psychometric properties. This paper presents the first preliminary validation. Furthermore, the assumption that the general perception of injustice correlates with one’s own experiences of injustice and violence was tested. Methods: The 24-item Perceived Injustice Questionnaire (PIQ) was administered partly online and partly in a paper–pencil version to 89 students of the University of Dohuk in Northern Iraq, an area that has been affected by crisis and war for many years. Principal component analysis was used for factor extraction and internal consistency was determined. The Mann–Whitney-U test was used to calculate the group differences between people with and without experience of physical violence and strong experiences of injustice because Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests showed that the data are not normally distributed. Results: Principal component analysis yielded a four-component solution with eigenvalues being the greater one. Cronbach’s alpha for each scale was acceptable to satisfactory. Significant results of the Mann–Whitney U tests supported our assumptions of between-group differences on each of the subscales (emotional and cognitive consequences, injustice perception, injustice experience, revenge, and forgiveness). Discussion: The findings of this study support the construct validity and the reliability of the PIQ. For this reason, it can be seen as a useful addition to the psychological assessment in psychotherapeutic settings of survivors of war and violence. In conclusion, and based on the PIQ, we suggest the development of a new set of therapy modules with worksheets, focusing on the perception, dealing, and understanding of feeling of injustice as an addition to the existing trauma therapy manual for therapy in war and conflict areas.
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Simeunovic-Patic, Biljana. "Attitudes toward victim and victimization in the light of the just world theory." Temida 20, no. 2 (2017): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1702203s.
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The present paper discusses current empirical status of the Just world theory introduced several decades ago by Melvin Lerner, the content and functions of a just world belief as its central construct, and particularly, the relation between a just world belief and victim blaming and victim derogation phenomena. In the light of existing research evidence, a just world belief and a need to re-establish a ?justice? when this belief is threatened, is considered to be an adaptive mechanism that protect a belief that a world is secure and the future is predictable, as well as a confidence in the purposefulness of selfdiscipline, long-term personal investments and social rules respecting. As proposed By the just world theory, when a person faces injustice, i.e. others? (innocent victims?) suffering, his/her belief in a just world is threatened. Possible reactions to that threat comprise various rational victim helping activities, but also specific cognitive defensive strategies, including cognitive distortion, rationalization and reinterpretation of an event in order to minimize injustice or deny injustice happened at all. In the course of reinterpretation of injustice, victims are often blamed for their former actions, or derogated for their character, in order to indicate them responsible for their own fate and suffering. The findings of research studies suggest that the likelihood of employing cognitive defensive strategies rises if formal responses to crime and victimization lack or fail. This further suggests that an efficient and effective formal social response in terms of both sanctioning of offenders and reparation of victims should be considered highly important in reducing the risk of stigmatization and rejection of victims. Finally, the paper discusses the role of victim?s just world beliefs in post-trauma adaptation and coping processes. In virtue of findings from the existing research literature it may be concluded that victim?s belief in a just world is not necessarily obstructive for the adaptation and coping process. Moreover, in the research literature prevail findings telling in support of an assertion that strong just world belief serves significantly as a self-protective function.
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Taggar, Simon, and Lisa K. J. Kuron. "The toll of perceived injustice on job search self-efficacy and behavior." Career Development International 21, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-10-2015-0139.
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Purpose – Individuals normally make fairness judgements when experiencing negative outcomes on an important task, such as finding employment. Fairness is an affect-laden subjective experience. Perceptions of injustice can cause resource depletion in unemployed job seekers, potentially leading to reduced self-regulation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of: first, justice perceptions during a job search and their impact on job search self-efficacy (JSSE); second, the mediating role of JSSE between justice perceptions and job search strategies; and third, associations between job search strategies and quantity and quality of job search behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Unemployed individuals (n=254) who were actively searching for a job reported on their past job search experiences with respect to justice, completed measures of JSSE, and reported recent job search behavior. Findings – Results reveal the potentially harmful impact of perceived injustice on job search strategies and the mediating role of JSSE, a self-regulatory construct and an important resource when looking for a job. Specifically, perceived injustice is negatively associated with JSSE. Reduced JSSE is associated with a haphazard job search strategy and less likelihood of exploratory and focussed strategies. A haphazard job search strategy is associated with making fewer job applications and poor decision making. Conversely, perceived justice is associated with higher JSSE and exploratory and focussed job search strategies. These two strategies are generally associated with higher quality job search behavior. Research limitations/implications – There are two major limitations. First, while grounded in social-cognitive theory of self-regulation and conservation of resources (COR) theory, a cross-sectional research design limits determination of causality in the model of JSSE as a central social-cognitive mechanism explaining how justice impacts job search strategies. Second, some results may be conservative because social desirability may have restricted the range of negative responses. Practical implications – This study provides insights to individuals who are supporting job seekers (e.g. career counselors, coaches, employers, and social networks). Specifically, interventions aimed at reducing perceptions of injustice, increasing JSSE, and improving job search strategies and behavior may ameliorate the damaging impact of perceived injustice. Originality/value – This study is the first to examine perceived justice in the job search process using social-cognitive theory of self-regulation and COR theory. Moreover, we provide further validation to a relatively new and under-researched job search strategy typology by linking the strategies to the quantity and quality of job search behaviors.
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Mrovlje, Maša, and Jennet Kirkpatrick. "Grey Zones of Resistance and Contemporary Political Theory." Theoria 67, no. 165 (December 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2020.6716501.
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Of late, resistance has become a central notion in political theory, standing at the heart of attempts to respond to the dilemmas of contemporary times. However, many accounts tend to ascribe to an idealised, heroic view. In this view, resistance represents a clearcut action against injustice and stems from individuals’ conscious choice and their unwavering ethical commitment to the cause. Some liberal scholars, most notably Candice Delmas and Jason Brennan, have argued that citizens of democratic societies have a moral duty to resist state-sanctioned injustice. This resistance occurs either through ‘principled – civil or uncivil – disobedience’ or through ‘defensive actions’ (Delmas 2018: 5; Brennan 2019: 15). While acknowledging that pervasive injustice can compromise our cognitive and moral capacities, however, their articulation of our political obligation to resist refrains from a sustained examination of the moral dilemmas, uncertainties and risks that arise when fighting systemic oppression (Delmas 2018: 198–222; Brennan 2019: 28–59, 210–14).
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Leguizamón, Amalia. "The Gendered Dimensions of Resource Extractivism in Argentina’s Soy Boom." Latin American Perspectives 46, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18781346.
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Analyzing resource extractivism as a gendered structure is important for understanding the complex social processes that create and perpetuate environmental injustice—both social inequality and environmental degradation—and for visualizing gendered resistances and opportunities for transformation. Applying Risman’s approach to Argentina’s soy model, six causal mechanisms at the institutional, individual, and interactional levels can be identified that serve either to maintain or to challenge the status quo: (1) resource distribution, (2) ideology, (3) identity work, (4) cognitive bias, (5) status expectations, and (6) state paternalism. Analizar el extractivismo de los recursos como una estructura de género es importante para comprender los complejos procesos sociales que crean y perpetúan la injusticia ambiental—tanto la desigualdad social como la degradación ambiental—y para visualizar las resistencias de género y las oportunidades de transformación. Aplicando el enfoque de Risman al modelo de soja en la Argentina, se pueden identificar seis mecanismos causales a nivel institucional, individual y de interacción que sirven para mantener o desafiar el status quo: (1) distribución de recursos, (2) ideología, (3) trabajo de identidad, (4) perjuicio cognitivo, (5) expectativas de posición social, y (6) paternalismo estatal.
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Ljosaa, Tone Marte, Hanne Svardal Berg, Henrik Børsting Jacobsen, Lars-Petter Granan, and Silje Reme. "Translation and validation of the Norwegian version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 22, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2021-0177.
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Abstract Objectives Perceived injustice is a theoretical construct comprising elements of loss, attribution of blame, and sense of unfairness. Patients with chronic pain often report high levels of perceived injustice, which can have negative impact on physiological and psychosocial aspects and treatment outcome. The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) is a self-report 12-item questionnaire that shows good reliability and validity in patients with chronic pain. This study aimed to translate, validate, and expand the use of the Norwegian Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ-N) to a chronic pain population. Methods A mixed-method approach was used to translate and validate the IEQ-N. It was forward-back translated, linguistically validated, and culturally adapted. Individual cognitive debriefing interviews (n=7) and a focus group interview (n=9) was used to explore the patients’ experience with- and understanding of the questionnaire. Statistical descriptive, correlational, factor- and regression analyses were used to investigate the IEQ-N validity, reliability, and factorial structure in a large registry sample (n=3,068) of patients with chronic pain. Results Patients with chronic pain found the IEQ-N relevant. Registry analyses supported that the IEQ-N had a one-factor structure. The internal consistency was high (Chronbach’s alpha=0.92). The construct validity was good, with moderate to strong significant univariate correlation (r=0.29–0.71) (p<0.05) between perceived injustice and related constructs of pain catastrophizing, pain severity, disability, psychological distress, and quality of life. Perceived injustice contributed with significant but small unique variance to pain-related factors (i.e., pain intensity, pain-related disability, psychological distress), but the additional contribution beyond pain catastrophizing was small (0.2–6.7%) (p<0.05). Conclusions Patients in the study found the questionnaire relevant for their situation, and easy to understand. This study provides a reliable and valid Norwegian tool to assess perceived injustice in patients with chronic pain. Ethical committee number REK sør-øst, 2016/1942.
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Lindauer, Matthew, and Christian Barry. "Moral Judgment and the Duties of Innocent Beneficiaries of Injustice." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 8, no. 3 (January 12, 2017): 671–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-016-0329-9.
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Zeng, Yalin. "Justice / Injustice in the metaphors of Russian politicians." Litera, no. 2 (February 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.2.35017.
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This article is dedicated to the analysis of reflection of the ethical category of “Justice / Injustice” in the Russian linguistic consciousness, in the speeches of various politicians. The object of this research is the representation of situational and value characteristics of this concept in the political metaphors. Special attention is given to the choice of metaphorical images for discussing different political disputes and debates on the question of achieving justice. The author examines such aspects as the category of eventivity, category of value, and verbalization of the concepts of “Justice / Injustice” using metaphors in the political discourse. The scientific novelty consists in merging political values with political metaphors for comprehensive analysis of value orientations of a politician, as well as characteristics of the use of political metaphors in the axiological aspect. It is proven that the value system forms value-semantic space of language. The analysis of metaphorical images in the political media discourse allowed revealing the current Russian political situation, which correlates to the concept of “Justice” within the value system of the Russian people. The acquired results can be applies in teaching stylistics and pragmatics of the Russian language, special courses of cognitive linguistics, conceptual research in linguistics, linguoculturology, as well as some fundamentals of political linguistics.
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Hamrick, Ellie, and Haley Duschinski. "Enduring injustice: Memory politics and Namibia’s genocide reparations movement." Memory Studies 11, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017693668.
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This article examines post-colonial memory politics in contemporary Namibia. It analyzes the ways in which ethnic Nama and Herero genocide reparations activists struggle to include Germany’s colonial-era genocide of their communities in the national narrative of the contemporary Namibian state. In this article, we explore the extent to which the dominant political party, SWAPO, defines the state through the production of a hegemonic narrative about the Namibian past. We examine how this political context shapes the reparations movement’s strategies and tactics, with attention to how different activist groups position themselves and their historical narratives with respect to the state. We then consider the importance of memorialization for the reparations movement and the multiplicity of meanings associated with state monuments. By highlighting the importance of memory for reparations activists, the article examines the way in which reparations claims shape and are shaped by the politics of memory production in the post-apartheid memory state.
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Bokova, Olga A., and Anatoly A. Veryaev. "Subjective perception of inequality and injustice by schoolchildren and students: experience of empirical research." Perspectives of Science and Education 56, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.2.23.
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Introduction. In modern society, quite a lot of attention is paid to the development of young people, and therefore it seems relevant to study the various parameters of its public mood associated with the perception of inequality and injustice. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of an empirical study aimed at studying the perception of inequality and injustice by schoolchildren and students. Materials and methods. Empirical data are obtained using various standardized methodologies aimed at identifying certain parameters of human development that are significant for the specific perception of inequality and injustice. The results of using the Kullback-Leibler measure to determine the frequency of words related to the understanding of inequality and injustice are presented. The study sample consists of 677 people: students 334 people aged 18 to 23 years old, high school students 343 respondents, aged 14 to 17 years old. Research results. The results of the correlation analysis showed a high (p r ≥ 0.8-0.9) and an average level of reliability of the correlation relationship (p r ≥ 0.5 - 0.7) with both negative and positive values between the various parameters we have chosen methods: various aspects of social frustration are negatively associated with positive coping strategies, optimism and fairness (in the range r=0.92 - 0.52; p≤ 0.01); various aspects of justice with positive expectations, seeking social support, respect for others - self-respect, achievement of results (range r= 0.98 - 0.77; p≤ 0.01); verbal aggression with a negative value r= -0.84 - 0.67; p≤ 0.01. We consider these values continuum: the relationship of justice with positive parameters gives grounds for understanding that in situations of injustice they will acquire a negative value. Three significant factors have been identified that give an idea of the parameters that affect the perception of inequality and injustice by modern schoolchildren and students. Factor load matrix after rotation Promax (PCA) with values from r = 0.5 to p r = 0.9. The correlation coefficient was calculated for the confidence level p≤ 0.01. The results of calculations for verifying personal ideas about inequality and injustice and highlighting their features against the background of statistical data range from 250 to 450 units. frequency distribution density. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that there are certain cognitive, emotional, behavioral and social parameters associated with the perception of inequality and injustice by schoolchildren and students. An important result has been obtained, which consists in the fact that words with a positive emotional connotation correspond, on average, to high frequencies of the use of words recorded by the respondents.
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Spencer, Sharmin, and Deborah E. Rupp. "Angry, guilty, and conflicted: Injustice toward coworkers heightens emotional labor through cognitive and emotional mechanisms." Journal of Applied Psychology 94, no. 2 (2009): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013804.
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Hegasy, Sonja. "Archive partisans: Forbidden histories and the promise of the future." Memory Studies 12, no. 3 (June 2019): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698019836187.
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Remembering past injustices has been regarded as central to overcoming intra-societal conflicts with the end of World War II. Since, memory has increasingly been charged as a means to achieve reconciliation. But only in recent years have archives, and here especially human rights archives, in the Mashreq and Maghreb moved from being semi-functional repositories for academics to become important loci for political activists to reappraise violence and injustice. The role of the archive in preserving or erasing personal memories is critically investigated by such activists. This article covers an emergent discourse on the memory milieus of violent conflict, war, and occupation extant in this region. In a selective overview covering Morocco, the Western Sahara, Lebanon, and Egypt, it asks what the visibility of violent experiences means for the wider social context and how traumatic pasts are re-socialized through private and public archiving initiatives. The author investigates the archive less as a place of storage than as a milieu around which various actors conceptualize the past and struggle over future justice.
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Burke, Victoria I. "Toward the Idea of a Character: Kant, Hegel, and the End of Logic." Journal of Aesthetic Education 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jaesteduc.55.4.0001.
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Abstract In the prime years of Hegel’s philosophical career, Prussia made progressive reforms to childhood education. Hegel had long supported reform. In his early Stuttgart Gymnasium Validictory Address (1788), he had advocated for a public interest in widespread public education as a means for developing the children’s potential. Like Wilhelm von Humboldt, Hegel believed in education’s power to promote individual development (Bildung) as a path of freedom, which is achieved largely by expanding children’s linguistic capacity since language, as Humboldt understands it, is the formative organ of thought (bildende Organ des Gedankens). By combining Humboldt’s insights (especially his discussion of the power of Sanskrit) with themes in Hegel’s Science of Logic, I will demonstrate that the mind’s power to make judgments is a forward movement that can be arrested by epistemic injustice. Humboldt’s reflections on linguistic flowering and the factors that might impede it can help us understand epistemic injustice as an interference in linguistic cognitive mediation (Vermittlung).
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Ruck, Martin. "Inequality and injustice: Implications for social reasoning, autonomy, and relationship interactions." Cognitive Development 21, no. 4 (October 2006): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.06.004.
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Ma, Yan, Yan Ma, Zhiguo Cao, Shuyi Li, Bowen Lv, Ziyuan Ruan, Lina Wang, Hong Yu, and Zhaohua Lu. "Residents’ Cognition and Behavior Related to Eco-Environmental Risks from the Development of Large Coal Power Plants: A Case Study in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147813.
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The development of large coal power plants is often accompanied by environmental pollution, thereby influencing the lives of the surrounding residents, resulting in a “not-in-my-backyard” effect and associated social injustice. To mitigate these influences, we conducted field research and questionnaire surveys with individuals living in areas around the Xilinhot coal power plant to explore their cognitive and behavioral psychological changes in response to the environmental risks of the coal power plant and the factors influencing such changes. A “cognition-perception-behavior” model was constructed for residents coping with the ecological environment influenced by the development of the coal power plant. Cognition of eco-environmental risks had a significant effect on the perception of eco-environmental risks which, in turn, significantly promoted the adoption of adaptive behaviors. Residents had a strong cognition and perception of eco-environmental risks but an extremely low likelihood of adopting relevant adaptive behaviors. Thus, affective responses can increase the residents’ cognition and perception of eco-environmental risks, and the communication of risk information can help them evaluate eco-environmental risks rationally.
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Sen, Procheta, and Debasis Ganguly. "Towards Socially Responsible AI: Cognitive Bias-Aware Multi-Objective Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 03 (April 3, 2020): 2685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5654.
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Human society had a long history of suffering from cognitive biases leading to social prejudices and mass injustice. The prevalent existence of cognitive biases in large volumes of historical data can pose a threat of being manifested as unethical and seemingly inhumane predictions as outputs of AI systems trained on such data. To alleviate this problem, we propose a bias-aware multi-objective learning framework that given a set of identity attributes (e.g. gender, ethnicity etc.) and a subset of sensitive categories of the possible classes of prediction outputs, learns to reduce the frequency of predicting certain combinations of them, e.g. predicting stereotypes such as ‘most blacks use abusive language’, or ‘fear is a virtue of women’. Our experiments conducted on an emotion prediction task with balanced class priors shows that a set of baseline bias-agnostic models exhibit cognitive biases with respect to gender, such as women are prone to be afraid whereas men are more prone to be angry. In contrast, our proposed bias-aware multi-objective learning methodology is shown to reduce such biases in the predictid emotions.
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Le, Huong, Zhou Jiang, and Ingrid Nielsen. "Cognitive Cultural Intelligence and Life Satisfaction of Migrant Workers: The Roles of Career Engagement and Social Injustice." Social Indicators Research 139, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1393-3.
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Jordan, Cheryl, Silia Vitoratou, Yee Siew, and Trudie Chalder. "Cognitive behavioural responses to envy: development of a new measure." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465819000614.
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AbstractBackground:Envy is depicted as motivating destructive desires and actions intended to spoil or destroy that which is envied.Aim:To develop a new valid and reliable measure of malicious envy (C-BRES), which included items representing the cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses empirically associated with this emotion.Method:A total of 203 adults completed the new 22-item cognitive and behavioural responses to envy scale (C-BRES). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to test for reliability and internal consistency of the C-BRES. Evidence towards the concurrent construct validity (convergent and discriminant) of the C-BRES was assessed through correlations with the Dispositional envy scale and other measures of psychosocial outcomes empirically linked to envy.Results:Factor analysis for categorical data identified five dimensions of envy, namely: injustice, hostility, malicious action tendencies, malicious feelings and behavioural responses. The reliability indices of the five factors and the total scale were satisfactory (>0.85). Evidence towards the concurrent construct validity (convergent and discriminant) of the C-BRES is reported. In particular, envy was associated with higher levels of depression, psychoticism, neuroticism, anger and lower levels of self-esteem and quality of life.Conclusion:All findings support the psychometric adequacy of the C-BRES.
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Mathebane, Mbazima Simeon, and Johanna Sekudu. "A contrapuntal epistemology for social work: An Afrocentric perspective." International Social Work 61, no. 6 (May 17, 2017): 1154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817702704.
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The experiences of diverse people present challenges and opportunities for knowledge production. The knowledge base undergirding social work has been found to be dominated by Anglo-American cultural values assumed to be universally applicable. The relevant texts on social work knowledge were examined. The analysis revealed that culture is the cornerstone of any society’s response to social problems, that the hegemony of Eurocentric paradigms remain intact, that there is complicity with the coloniality of power in knowledge production resulting in epistemic injustice, and that decolonisation and indigenisation are critical imperatives towards the achievement of global cognitive justice. A contrapuntal epistemology of social work is recommended.
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Genova, Dafina. "‘Ha-Ha’ and ‘Really?’ or About the Serious in the Humorous in the TV comedy show "Masters of the AIR"." Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture 6 (May 11, 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bjellc.06.2016.03.
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In the paper a discourse analytic approach is used to analyze the humour in a Bulgarian TV show in its cognitive and social context. In the show, fragments from TV news programmes are incongruously recontextualized to expose, criticize and mock the follies of the powerful. Humour is also used for placing under scrutiny injustice, voicing a public opinion or expressing citizens’ standpoint on important political and social issues. The communicative goal of the show in relation to viewers is not to believe politicians, public figures and TV news presenters blindly, but to critically scrutinize the news and form their own opinion. The humour in the show goes beyond entertainment: it laughs with the viewers at the powerful.
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Matz, Christina, Cal Halvorsen, and Christina Matz. "Injustice Squared? An Intersectional Lens to Research on Productive Engagement in Later Life." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.083.
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Abstract Social inequalities over the life course shape later life opportunities and outcomes in important ways. However, research on paid and unpaid work in later life has not always captured (and has sometimes mischaracterized) the variety and complexity of lived experiences in later life—in particular for low-income workers, workers of color, women, and others marginalized due to their social position. Further, statistics often obscure the most important information: how the most marginalized older workers are faring. Intersectionality, a term coined by legal scholar, Dr. Kimberlé Crenshaw, describes the overlapping and intersecting social identities that often influence how we move around in society. Some identities garner privilege and power and others oppression and marginalization; we must look at their intersection to better understand complexity and inform solutions. This symposium will apply an intersectional lens to research on paid and unpaid work in later life. The first paper is a scoping review that assesses the extent to which race and ethnicity are investigated in studies of the longitudinal association between workplace demands and cognitive health. The second paper explores how older Black and Hispanic adults’ work engagement is impacted by COVID-19. The third paper considers gender differences in volunteer engagement among Asian-American older adults. The final paper examines the Senior Community Service Employment Program’s role in participant financial, physical, and mental well-being. A discussant will reflect on these studies and the need for continued research that considers intersectionality in opportunities and experiences for paid and unpaid work in later life.
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Velicu, Irina. "The Aesthetic Post-Communist Subject and the Differend of Rosia Montana." Studies in Social Justice 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v6i1.1072.
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By challenging the state and corporate prerogatives to distinguish between “good” and “bad” development, social movements by and in support of inhabitants of Rosia Montana (Transylvania) are subverting prevailing perceptions about Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)’s liberal path of development illustrating its injustice in several ways that will be detailed in this article under the heading “inhibitions of political economy” or Balkanism. The significance of the “Save Rosia Montana” movement for post-communism is that it invites post-communist subjects to reflect and revise their perception about issues such as communism, capitalism and development and to raise questions of global significance about the fragile edifice of justice within the neo-liberal capitalist economy. However, resistance to injustice (and implicitly affirmations of other senses of justice) is an ambiguous discursive practice through which Rosieni make sense as well as partake their sense of Rosia Montana. The movement brings about a public dispute which may be compared with a differend: (in Lyotard’s words), a conflict that cannot be confined to the rules of “cognitive phrases,” of truth and falsehood. This article argues that while post-communist events of “subjectification” are unstable and thus, are to be viewed aesthetically, this same ambiguous multiplication of political subjectivity may facilitate the creation of social spaces for imagining alternative possibilities of development.
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Bogomolov, A. V. "Injustice (Ẓulm) as the Cause of Revolution in the Discourse of the Egyptian Arab Spring: a Cognitive Semantics Analysis." Oriental Studies 2016, no. 73-74 (June 30, 2016): 63–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2016.73-74.063.
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Decety, Jean, and Keith J. Yoder. "Empathy and motivation for justice: Cognitive empathy and concern, but not emotional empathy, predict sensitivity to injustice for others." Social Neuroscience 11, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2015.1029593.
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Braidotti, Rosi. "The Virtual as Affirmative Praxis: A Neo-Materialist Approach." Humanities 11, no. 3 (May 17, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11030062.
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This chapter addresses the resonances between the concept of the virtual and a material philosophy of life, based on heterogeneity, hybridity, and becoming. It outlines the basic tenet of this materialist philosophy and explores its implications, in relation to the notions of difference and becoming. It, also, highlights the importance of an ethics of affirmation, which may balance the creative potential of critical thought with a dose of negative criticism and the oppositional consciousness that such a stance, necessarily, entails. Situating this project in the context of cognitive capitalism, it discusses the question of how to resist the injustice, violence, and exclusions of the times, our times, the better to resist them and engage with them in an affirmative manner.
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Booker, M. Keith, and Isra Daraiseh. "Lost in the funhouse: Allegorical horror and cognitive mapping in Jordan Peele’s Us." Horror Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00032_1.
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Jordan Peele’s Us (2019) is an entertaining horror film that also contains a number of interesting interpretive complications. The film is undoubtedly meant as a commentary on the inequity, inequality and injustice that saturate our supposedly egalitarian American society. Beyond that vague and general characterization, though, the film offers a number of interesting (and more specific) allegorical interpretations, none of which in themselves seem quite adequate. This article explores the plethora of signs that circulate through Us, demanding interpretation but defeating any definitive interpretation. This article explores the way Us offers clues to its meaning through engagement with the horror genre in general (especially the home invasion subgenre) and through dialogue with specific predecessors in the horror genre. At the same time, we investigate the rich array of other ways in which the film offers suggested political interpretations, none of which seem quite adequate. We then conclude, however, that such interpretive failures might well be a key message of the film, which demonstrates the difficulty of fully grasping the complex and difficult social problems of contemporary American society in a way that can be well described by Fredric Jameson’s now classic vision of the general difficulty of cognitive mapping in the late capitalist world.
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Rezazade, Faeze, and Esmaeil Zohdi. "The Influence of Childhood Training on the Adulthood Rejection of Discrimination in Go Set a Watchman." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 76 (March 2017): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.76.15.
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Racial prejudice, injustice, and discrimination against people of colored skin, especially African Americans, has become a global issue since the twenty century. Blacks are deprived of their rights regardless of their human natures and are disenfranchised from White’s societies due to their skin color which has put them as inferior and clownish creatures in White’s point of view. Although many anti-racist effort and speeches has done to solve racist issues and eliminate racism and its circumstances, still racism is alive and Blacks are suffering from it. Although, many White individuals accept themselves as anti-racist characters that color of skin does not matter to them, they still show prejudice and discrimination towards Blacks and cannot consider them as equal as themselves. A reason to such Whites’ thought and behavior is that they have faced this issue since their childhood and therefore they cannot change it because this attitude is entangled with their personality and is deeply ingrained in them. Thus, a way to stop and eliminate discrimination, prejudice, and injustice is to train children, the next generation, as anti-racist and color-blind characters. In this regard, it has been tried to investigate the role of children training in the elimination of social and racial discrimination in Harper Lee’s Go Set a Watchman (2015), which is sequel novel to her masterpiece To Kill a Mockingbird (1960). Moreover, Jean Piaget’s theory of Children’s Cognitive Development has been used for a better understanding of this investigation.
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Michel, Jesse S., and Michael B. Hargis. "What motivates deviant behavior in the workplace? An examination of the mechanisms by which procedural injustice affects deviance." Motivation and Emotion 41, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9584-4.
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TAYLOR, ASHLEY. "Knowledge Citizens? Intellectual Disability and the Production of Social Meanings Within Educational Research." Harvard Educational Review 88, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-88.1.1.
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Intellectual disability may appear to many as a barrier to participation in or the production of educational research. Indeed, a common perception of individuals seen as having cognitive impairments, and especially those with minimal or no verbal communication, is that they are incapable of the reasoning or lack the deliberative capacities necessary to participate in research or policy-influencing decision making. In this essay, Ashley Taylor dismantles these assumptions, challenging both the view of intellectual disability on which they rest and the view of epistemic competence they imply. Taylor shows how the absence or exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities labels from dominant knowledge-making institutions and arenas, including within educational research, amounts to injustice and results in their tacit or overt exclusion from civic education and political membership.
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Benedik, Stefan. "Non-committal memory: The ambivalent inclusion of Romani suffering under National Socialism in hegemonic cultural memory." Memory Studies 13, no. 6 (December 17, 2018): 1097–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018818220.
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This article compares the place of Romani migrants in contemporary Austrian society to their position in memory debates. It analyses official forms of commemoration which had the intentions not only to remember the victims of past atrocities, but also included a normative, moral aspect – namely, the promise that memory of past injustice would somehow be a useful device against racism, injustice and discrimination in the present day. In this understanding, history, especially the history of National Socialism would ideally teach societies valuable lessons about the treatment of minorities, thus also the Romani communities, in the present. While this still is the predominant political discourse about these forms of memory, the author suggests that memory culture can by contrast be described by what he refers to as non-committal memory. He argues, that when looking at Central European examples, it immediately becomes transparent that memory is only applied in abstract discussions while all immediate connections between contemporary discrimination and historical suffering are neglected. Thus, non-committal memory disconnects present and past policies, and delegitimises a comparison between the persecution of past victim groups and the criminalisation of present-day migrants. The author contends that this is visible by the fact that the majority of memorials that honour Romani victims of National Socialism (in Austria, but also across much of Europe) fail to include or contribute to an understanding of the plight of contemporary Romani people, especially Romani migrants. Arguably, this resulted from the strategies by which activists decided to copy memory politics related to Jewish victims of National Socialism as a ‘successful’ model of integration.
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Webster, Aness Kim. "Making Sense of Shame in Response to Racism." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 51, no. 7 (October 2021): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2021.41.
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AbstractSome people of colour feel shame in response to racist incidents. This phenomenon seems puzzling since, plausibly, they have nothing to feel shame about. This puzzle arises because we assume that targets of racism feel shame about their race. However, I propose that when an individual is racialised as non-White in a racist incident, shame is sometimes prompted, not by a negative self-assessment of her race, but by her inability to choose when her stigmatised race is made salient. I argue that this can make sense of some shame responses to racism. My account also helps to highlight some of the emotional and cognitive costs of racism that have their root in shame as well as a new form of hermeneutical injustice and distinctive communicative harms, contributing to a fuller picture of what is objectionable about racism.
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Alan, Suna. "Kurdish music in Turkey." Memory Studies 12, no. 5 (October 2019): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698019870713.
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Musician and journalist Suna Alan gives an account of some of the songs she performs and loves. These are mainly Kurdish music. Suna describes the Dengbej tradition to which much of the music belongs. However, her summary of some songs, and excerpts from the lyrics, also draws on music by Sephardi Jews and the Armenians, other cultural groups who lived, like the Kurds, under the Ottoman Empire. The lyrics and Suna’s contextualization of them in terms of the history they tell and from which they emerge reveal the oppression and suffering of these transcultural groups under the Ottoman Empire, but also their fight against injustice. The music remembers their loves as well as their losses.
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Steward, Andrew. "Toward interventions to reduce internalized ageism." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2296.
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Abstract Ageism is an insidious form of injustice that is internalized from an early age with accumulating negative health impacts across the lifespan. Internalized ageism is associated with numerous public health outcomes, including physical and mental health, functional impairment, cognition, cardiovascular stress, hospitalizations, and longevity. Research has begun to document how ageism negatively impacts health through psychological, behavioral, and physiological pathways. Yet, limited research has addressed interventions to reduce internalized ageism. This study integrates stereotype embodiment theory, theories of successful and productive aging, and recent scholarly literature to present a conceptual model with potential downstream, midstream, and upstream interventions at micro, meso, and macro levels. Micro interventions include: social, physical, and cognitive engagement, as well as stress management. Meso interventions include: education, intergenerational contact, and narrative reframing. Macro interventions include anti-ageism policy, such as amendments to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). The conceptual model is described in detail, and implications for practitioners are discussed. The need to examine how policy influences health through the three pathways in stereotype embodiment theory is discussed. This study provides a working model for scholars and practitioners to use when considering paths toward reducing internalized ageism and optimizing well-being for aging adults.
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Idika, Christiana. "Is there a place for conversational thinking (CT) in Europe?: Germany/Austria in perspective." Arụmarụka: Journal of Conversational Thinking 1, no. 2 (March 7, 2022): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajct.v1i2.4.
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“Is there a place for conversational thinking (CT) in Europe? – Germany/Austria in perspective interrogates the visibility of the African philosophical method, namely Conversational Thinking in the philosophical praxis, teaching, and research in Germany and Austria. It will be considered in the light of epistemic injustice. The paper argues that the emergence of intercultural philosophy in the German/Austrian academic and intellectual cultural space affirms that conversational thinking should have a place. However, uncertainty points to a historically shaped academic, cultural consciousness informing cognitive orientation in engaging with African philosophy. The paper argues that for conversational thinking to have a place, it demands openness beyond the current approaches to intercultural philosophical engagement, which includes German and Austrian philosophers’ readiness to question the logic that shaped their thought and philosophical investigation. By logic, I mean something other than formal elite logic that shapes the context of thought and praxis.
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Koçan, Gürcan, and Ahmet Öncü. "Anger in Search of Justice: Reflections on the Gezi Revolt in Turkey." Sociology of Islam 2, no. 3-4 (June 10, 2014): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00204005.
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This paper focuses on the underlying motivation behind the participation of individuals in what came to be known as the Gezi Revolt. The Gezi Revolt was the expression of anger in response to a perceived social injustice. Those who participated in the uprising aimed not only to enforce political change but also to restore justice in their society through struggle and moral expression. Gezi represents the weaving together of moral, cognitive, and emotional responses. Anger and fury were the two particular emotions that provided a sense of urgency among a large section of people across the land and led to the building of a social network of individuals through which sharing stories and expressing feelings turned into practices of moral progress. The paper discusses how the participants of “the Gezi Community” were able to put aside their before identities and hold back their unpleasant and dividing emotions to one another.
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Greenwood, Ronni Michelle. "“Yesterday Redeemed and Tomorrow Made More Beautiful”: Historical Injustice and Possible Collective Selves." Political Psychology 36, no. 1 (April 22, 2014): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pops.12184.
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Sheather, Julian, Ronald Apunyo, Marc DuBois, Ruma Khondaker, Abdullahal Noman, Sohana Sadique, and Catherine R. McGowan. "Ethical guidance or epistemological injustice? The quality and usefulness of ethical guidance for humanitarian workers and agencies." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 3 (March 2022): e007707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007707.
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This paper explores the quality and usefulness of ethical guidance for humanitarian aid workers and their agencies. We focus specifically on public health emergencies, such as COVID-19. The authors undertook a literature review and gathered empirical data through semi-structured focus group discussions amongst front-line workers from health clinics in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh and in the Abyei Special Administrative Area, South Sudan. The purpose of the project was to identify how front-line workers respond to ethical challenges, including any informal or local decision-making processes, support networks, or habits of response.The research findings highlighted a dissonance between ethical guidance and the experiences of front-line humanitarian health workers. They suggest the possibility: (1) that few problems confronting front-line workers are conceived, described, or resolved as ethical problems; and (2) of significant dissonance between available, allegedly practically oriented guidance (often produced by academics in North America and Europe), and the immediate issues confronting front-line workers. The literature review and focus group data suggest a real possibility that there is, at best, a significant epistemic gulf between those who produce ethical guidelines and those engaged in real-time problem solving at the point of contact with people. At worst they suggest a form of epistemic control—an imposition of cognitive shapes that shoehorn the round peg of theoretical preoccupations and the disciplinary boundaries of western academies into the square hole of front-line humanitarian practice.
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van den Bos, Kees. "Unfairness and Radicalization." Annual Review of Psychology 71, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 563–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050953.
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This article reviews the relationship between people's perceptions of unfairness and their tendencies to think, feel, and act in radicalizing ways. Various theories of radicalization processes are reviewed that examine key aspects of the psychology of perceived unfairness. The review shows that experienced group deprivation and perceived immorality are among the core judgments that can drive Muslim radicalization, right-wing radicalization, and left-wing radicalization. Symbols of injustice, the legitimization of revolutionary thought, and the experience of unfair treatment can also increase radicalization. The review also examines core moderators (e.g., uncertainty and insufficient self-correction) and mediators (e.g., externally oriented emotions) of the linkage between perceived unfairness and core components of radicalization (e.g., rigidity of thoughts, hot-cognitive defense of cultural worldviews, and violent rejection of democratic principles and the rule of law). The review discusses how the study of unfairness and radicalization contributes to a robust and meaningful science of psychology.