Journal articles: 'Cognitive impairment'

1

West, Jessica, and Scott Lynch. "Hearing and Cognitively Impaired Life Expectancies in the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1565.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract As the population ages, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments may pose growing public health challenges. Among the nine modifiable risk factors for dementia, the highest percentage (9%) of dementia cases are attributed to hearing impairment. While much research has examined the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, almost none has translated these relationships into a meaningful, life course metric: how many years of life individuals can expect to live with both impairments and how hearing impairment affects years lived with cognitive impairment. Our study fills this gap by using Bayesian multistate life table methods applied to nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014) to estimate years of life to be spent (1) with/without hearing and cognitive impairment, and (2) with/without cognitive impairment, conditional on having versus not having hearing impairment. Preliminary results for aim 1 reveal that at age 50, individuals will live 18.9 (18.7-19.2) years healthy, 4.3 (4.2-4.5) years hearing impaired but cognitively intact, 4.2 (4.0-4.3) years hearing unimpaired but cognitively impaired, and 2.3 (2.2-2.6) years with both impairments. Women will spend more years healthy, hearing unimpaired but cognitively impaired, or with both impairments; men will spend more years hearing impaired but cognitively intact. People with more education will spend more years hearing impaired but cognitively intact; people with less education will spend more years hearing unimpaired but cognitively impaired or with both impairments. Our study is one of the first to investigate the implications of hearing impairment for years of cognitively impaired life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

West, Jessica S., and Scott Lynch. "COGNITIVE AND HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN OLDER ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.300.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract As the number of older adults increases, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments pose growing public health challenges. Research on the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, however, is minimal and has yielded mixed results, with some studies finding that hearing impairment is associated with cognitive decline, and others reporting that the association is weak or non-existent. Most of this research has been conducted outside of the U.S., and the few U.S.-based longitudinal studies have relied mostly on small, non-representative samples involving short follow-up periods. Further, despite known gendered patterns in cognitive and hearing impairments, no studies to date have examined whether the relationship between the two varies by gender. Our study addresses these weaknesses in the literature by utilizing nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014; n=14,169), a large, nationally representative, longitudinal study that facilitates examination of long-term interrelationships between hearing and cognitive impairments. In this study, we use autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) methods to model: 1) the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive decline, and 2) sex differences in the relationship. ALT models enable us to determine whether hearing impairment and cognitive impairment are associated, net of their common tendency simply to co-trend with age. Results indicate that hearing and cognitive impairments are strongly interrelated processes that trend together over time. Moreover, hearing impairment has an increasing impact on cognitive impairment across age while the effect of cognitive impairment on hearing impairment levels out over time. Sex differences in these patterns are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Nayana, S., and M. Jithesh. "Ayurvedic Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment." Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science 6, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijiems.8115.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

TAKEDA, Masatoshi, Takashi MORIHARA, Masayasu OKOCHI, Golam SADIK, and Toshihisa TANAKA. "Mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive impairment." Psychogeriatrics 8, no. 4 (December 2008): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8301.2008.00258.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Rubinsztein, Judy S., Barbara J. Sahakian, and John T. O'Brien. "Understanding and managing cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder in older people." BJPsych Advances 25, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2018.74.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYBipolar disorder is less prevalent in older people but accounts for 8–10% of psychiatric admissions. Treating and managing bipolar disorder in older people is challenging because of medical comorbidity. We review the cognitive problems observed in older people, explore why these are important and consider current treatment options. There are very few studies examining the cognitive profiles of older people with bipolar disorder and symptomatic depression and mania, and these show significant impairments in executive function. Most studies have focused on cognitive impairment in euthymic older people: as in euthymic adults of working age, significant impairments are observed in tests of attention, memory and executive function/processing speeds. Screening tests are not always helpful in euthymic older people as the impairment can be relatively subtle, and more in-depth neuropsychological testing may be needed to show impairments. Cognitive impairment may be more pronounced in older people with ‘late-onset’ bipolar disorder than in those with ‘early-onset’ disorder. Strategies to address symptomatic cognitive impairment in older people include assertive treatment of the mood disorder, minimising drugs that can adversely affect cognition, optimising physical healthcare and reducing relapse rates.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •understand that cognitive impairment in euthymic older people with bipolar disorder is similar to that in working-age adults with the disorder, affecting attention, memory and executive function/processing speeds•recognise that cognitive impairment in older people is likely to be a major determinant of functional outcomes•Implement approaches to treat cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder.DECLARATION OF INTERESTB.J.S. consults for Cambridge Cognition, PEAK (www.peak.net) and Mundipharma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

D'Souza, Caitlin E., Melanie R. F. Greenway, Jonathan Graff-Radford, and James F. Meschia. "Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Stroke." Seminars in Neurology 41, no. 01 (January 8, 2021): 075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722217.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDespite substantial advances in stroke care, vascular cognitive impairment remains a prominent source of disability. Unlike sensorimotor impairments, cognition often continues to decline after stroke. An aging population will increase the prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment, with stroke playing an important role. Ten percent of patients presenting with stroke have pre-stroke dementia; an additional 10% will develop incident dementia with a first stroke, and 30% with a recurrent stroke. While stroke increases the risk of cognitive impairment, the presence of cognitive impairment also impacts acute stroke treatment and increases risk of poor outcome by nearly twofold. There is substantial overlap in the clinical and pathological aspects of vascular and degenerative dementias in many patients. How they relate to one another is controversial. The treatment of vascular cognitive impairment remains supportive, focusing on treating vascular risk factors. Cognitive rehabilitation after stroke is an area of active research, and existing pharmacologic treatments have limited benefit. Heightened awareness of cognitive impairment in the setting of stroke is imperative for prognostication and management, impetus for research and, ultimately, the discovery of efficacious treatments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kunz, Miriam, Petra Crutzen-Braaksma, Lydia Giménez-Llort, Sara Invitto, Gaya Villani, Marina deTommaso, Laura Petrini, et al. "Observing Pain in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Comparison Attempt across Countries and across Different Types of Cognitive Impairment." Brain Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111455.

Full text

Abstract:

Facial expression is a key aspect in observational scales developed to improve pain assessment in individuals with cognitive impairments. Although these scales are used internationally in individuals with different types of cognitive impairments, it is not known whether observing facial expressions of pain might differ between regions or between different types of cognitive impairments. In a pilot study, facial responses to standardized experimental pressure pain were assessed among individuals with different types of cognitive impairments (dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington’s disease, and intellectual disability) from different countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Spain) and were analyzed using facial descriptors from the PAIC scale (Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition). We found high inter-rater reliability between observers from different countries. Moreover, facial responses to pain did not differ between individuals with dementia from different countries (Denmark, Germany, and Spain). However, the type of cognitive impairment had a significant impact; with individuals with intellectual disability (all being from Israel) showing the strongest facial responses. Our pilot data suggest that the country of origin does not strongly affect how pain is facially expressed or how facial responses are being scored. However, the type of cognitive impairment showed a clear effect in our pilot study, with elevated facial responses in individuals with intellectual disability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Gomaa, Mohammed. "Cognitive Impairment in Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/147.

Full text

Abstract:

Pediatric OSA affects 1 to 3% of the population and appears to affect boys and girls equally [4]. The most commonly cause of pediatric OSA is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Thus, the primary treatment is adenotonsillectomy. Pediatric OSA has been associated with some psychological problems, of which neurocognitive and depression , difficulties particularly in memory , attention, learning and executive function, are the most widely reported. The neurocognitive deficits is due to the adverse effects of sleep fragmentation and/or intermittent hypoxia .Scholastic performance have been reported in little studies of pediatric OSA, and such findings may underscore more extensive behavioral disturbances such as restlessness, aggressive behavior, excessive daytime sleepiness and poor test performances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT), in children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), on the cognitive and scholastic achievement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Urinova, Gulnoza, Nargiza Nasirtdinova, and Janna Nazarova. "COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-1-1.

Full text

Abstract:

Thisarticle discusses cognitive impairment in patients with coronavirus infection and explains that observations have been made on this topic. The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus poses a global health threat. Neurological disordersfound in patients with coronavirus infection have a wide range of clinical neurological signs: headache, dizziness, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVE), venous sinus thrombosis the brain [12].Keywords:coronavirus infection, cognitive impairment, neurological disorders, headache, dizziness, muscle weakness, encephalopathy, encephalitis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

KODAN, PARUL, JAYAKUMAR J. JAYAKUMAR J, SEEMANTHANI S. SEEMANTHANI S, and SYDNEY DSOUZA SYDNEY DSOUZA. "Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes Mellitus – A Review." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2014/113.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Fields, Suzanne D., C. Ronald MacKenzie, Mary E. Charlson, and Frederic L. Sax. "Cognitive Impairment." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 34, no. 8 (August 1986): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05763.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Joshi, Seema, and John E. Morley. "Cognitive Impairment." Medical Clinics of North America 90, no. 5 (September 2006): 769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2006.05.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Zuloaga, Kristen L., Lance A. Johnson, Natalie E. Roese, Tessa Marzulla, Wenri Zhang, Xiao Nie, Farah N. Alkayed, et al. "High fat diet-induced diabetes in mice exacerbates cognitive deficit due to chronic hypoperfusion." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 7 (November 11, 2015): 1257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15616400.

Full text

Abstract:

Diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction and increases the risk of vascular cognitive impairment. However, it is unknown whether diabetes causes cognitive impairment due to reductions in cerebral blood flow or through independent effects on neuronal function and cognition. We addressed this using right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion to model vascular cognitive impairment and long-term high-fat diet to model type 2 diabetes in mice. Cognition was assessed using novel object recognition task, Morris water maze, and contextual and cued fear conditioning. Cerebral blood flow was assessed using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Vascular cognitive impairment mice showed cognitive deficit in the novel object recognition task, decreased cerebral blood flow in the right hemisphere, and increased glial activation in white matter and hippocampus. Mice fed a high-fat diet displayed deficits in the novel object recognition task, Morris water maze and fear conditioning tasks and neuronal loss, but no impairments in cerebral blood flow. Compared to vascular cognitive impairment mice fed a low fat diet, vascular cognitive impairment mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited reduced cued fear memory, increased deficit in the Morris water maze, neuronal loss, glial activation, and global decrease in cerebral blood flow. We conclude that high-fat diet and chronic hypoperfusion impair cognitive function by different mechanisms, although they share commons features, and that high-fat diet exacerbates vascular cognitive impairment pathology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Navarro, Etiane, and Charles J. Golden. "A-151 Cognitive Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.169.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objective Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. This literature review examines the recurring etiology of cognitive impairments in ALS through empirical literature. The current study explores ALS across different subtypes and potential cognitive impairments. Two classifications are primarily examined ALS, and ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). Involving three categories: familial inheritance pattern, genetic mutation, or sporadic. Neuropsychological studies affirm cognitive impairments in individuals diagnosed with ALS and ALS-FTD. Data Selection Data was culled from the American Psychological Association (PsycInfo), PubMed, Google Scholar. Terms used in this literature review include cognitive impairment in ALS and ALS-FTD, executive function deficiencies in ALS, neuropsychology in ALS, neuropsychological deficits in ALS, neuropsychological assessments for ALS, cognitive impairments in familial ALS, genetic ALS, and sporadic ALS, familial ALS, sporadic ALS, genetic mutations involved in ALS. Search dates December 20–23 of 2020 and March 3–4 of 2021. A total of 40 studies were examined. Data Synthesis ALS-patients demonstrate a significant cognitive impairment. However, influencing comorbidities accompanying the disease may be contributing to these impairments. Researchers employed neuroimaging and neuropsychological batteries to further understand influencing factors involved in ALS and cognition. Conclusions Researchers now understand ALS as a multi-symptomatic disorder and acknowledge the presence of cognitive impairments at various encased levels. There are limitations in neuropsychological batteries that accommodate for executive dysfunctions observed in ALS patients. Future studies should explore neuropsychological assessments that accommodate for motor deficits and dysarthria when assessing cognitive impairment in ALS patients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Fuller-Thomson, Esme, Aliya Nowaczynski, and Andie MacNeil. "The Association Between Hearing Impairment, Vision Impairment, Dual Sensory Impairment, and Serious Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Population-Based Study of 5.4 million Older Adults." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 6, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/adr-220005.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Sensory impairments and cognitive impairment are increasing in scope due to the aging population. Objective: To investigate the association between hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment among older adults. Methods: Secondary analysis of a combination of ten consecutive waves (2008–2017) of the nationally representative American Community Survey. The sample included 5.4 million community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 65 and older. Bivariate and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment. Results: After controlling for age, race, education, and income, older adults with only hearing impairment had more than double the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.64, 2.68), while older adults with only vision impairment had more than triple the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 3.63; 95% CI = 3.59, 3.67). For older adults with dual sensory impairment, the odds of cognitive impairment were eight-fold (OR = 8.16; 95% CI = 8.07, 8.25). Similar trends were apparent in each sex and age cohort. Conclusion: Hearing and vision impairment are both independently associated with cognitive impairment. However, dual sensory impairment is associated with substantially higher odds of cognitive impairment, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Practitioners working with older adults may consider treatment for sensory impairments and cognitive impairment concurrently. Future research is needed to determine if the association is causal, and to investigate the effectiveness of common methods of treatment for sensory impairment for reducing the prevalence of cognitive impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Tangen, Gro Gujord, Knut Engedal, Astrid Bergland, Tron Anders Moger, and Anne Marit Mengshoel. "Relationships Between Balance and Cognition in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease." Physical Therapy 94, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 1123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130298.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Balance impairments are common in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), but which aspects of balance are affected, at which stage of cognitive impairment, and their associations with cognitive domains remain unexplored. Objectives The aims of this study were: (1) to explore differences in balance abilities among patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild AD, and moderate AD and (2) to examine the relationship between the various aspects of balance and cognitive domains. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Home-dwelling patients with SCI or MCI (n=33), mild AD (n=99), and moderate AD (n=38) participated in this study. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), comprising 6 subscales—“Biomechanical Constraints,” “Stability Limits/Verticality,” “Anticipatory Postural Adjustments,” “Postural Responses,” “Sensory Orientation,” and “Stability in Gait”—was used to assess balance. Cognitive domains were assessed using the following measures: Mini-Mental Status Examination, Word-List Learning Test from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Verbal Fluency Test, Clock Drawing Test, and Trail Making Test, parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B, respectively). Two-way between-group analyses of variance, adjusted for age, were used to analyze differences among the groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the associations between balance and cognition. Results Differences were found between the groups on all BESTest subscales; the moderate AD group had the worst scores. The TMT-B (measuring executive function) was associated with all of the BESTest subscales after controlling for demographic factors. Limitations The cross-sectional design hampered interpretation of the development of balance impairments. Conclusions The study findings indicate that all aspects of balance control deteriorate with increasing severity of cognitive impairment and that executive function plays an important role in balance control. Physical therapists should pay attention to these findings both in clinical practice and in future research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Aich, T. K., A. Mahato, and S. Subedi. "Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: Current Perspective." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 5, no. 1 (September 29, 2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v5i1.18324.

Full text

Abstract:

Impairments in a variety of cognitive functions are found in patients with schizophrenia. These impairments affect a wide array of different cognitive abilities and are often of moderate to severe degree. Cognitive impairments appear to present across lifespan, detectable at the time of first episode of illness, probably predate the illness and manifest a generally stable course over time.Though cognitive impairment does not form a part of diagnostic criteria, it has been included in DSM-V and proposed to be included in ICD-11 as a schizophrenia course specifier. This review attempts to provide a broad overview of the domains, onset, severity and course of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, with a focus on functional relevance and treatment possibilities. There is strong evidence for a relationship between cognitive impairment and vocational and functional impairment in individuals with schizophrenia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Stickel, Ariana M., Wassim Tarraf, Benson Wu, Maria J. Marquine, Priscilla M. Vásquez, Martha Daviglus, Mayra L. Estrella, et al. "Cognition and Daily Functioning: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (SOL) and Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 1267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200502.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Among older adults, poorer cognitive functioning has been associated with impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, IADL impairments among older Hispanics/Latinos is poorly understood. Objective: To characterize the relationships between cognition and risk for IADL impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: Participants included 6,292 community-dwelling adults from the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging, an ancillary study of 45+ year-olds in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Cognitive data (learning, memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and a Global cognitive composite) were collected at Visit 1. IADL functioning was self-reported 7 years later, and treated as a categorical (i.e., risk) and continuous (i.e., degree) measures of impairment. Survey two-part models (mixture of logit and generalized linear model with Gaussian distribution) and ordered logistic regression tested the associations of cognitive performance (individual tests and composite z-score) with IADL impairment. Additionally, we investigated the moderating role of age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background on the association between cognition and IADL impairment. Results: Across all cognitive measures, poorer performance was associated with higher odds of IADL impairment 7 years later. Associations were generally stronger for the oldest group (70+ years) relative to the youngest group (50–59 years). Sex and Hispanic/Latino background did not modify the associations. Across the full sample, lower scores on learning, memory, and the Global cognitive composite were also associated with higher degree of IADL impairment. Conclusion: Across diverse Hispanics/Latinos, cognitive health is an important predictor of everyday functioning 7 years later, especially in older adulthood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Leekam, Susan. "Social cognitive impairment and autism: what are we trying to explain?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1686 (January 19, 2016): 20150082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0082.

Full text

Abstract:

Early psychological theories of autism explained the clinical features of this condition in terms of perceptual and sensory processing impairments. The arrival of domain-specific social cognitive theories changed this focus, postulating a ‘primary’ and specific psychological impairment of social cognition. Across the years, evidence has been growing in support of social cognitive and social attention explanations in autism. However, there has also been evidence for general non-social cognitive impairments in representational understanding, attention allocation and sensory processing. Here, I review recent findings and consider the case for the specificity and primacy of the social cognitive impairment, proposing that we should focus more explicitly on clinically valid features for insights on the integration of ‘social’ and ‘non-social’ cognition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Gu, Jenny, Corinne E. Fischer, Gustavo Saposnik, and Tom A. Schweizer. "Profile of Cognitive Complaints in Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Cognitive Impairment." ISRN Neurology 2013 (October 28, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/865827.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is differentiated from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by the presence of vascular events such as stroke or small vessel disease. Typically, MCI and VaMCI patients present with subjective complaints regarding cognition; however, little is known about the specific nature of these complaints. We aimed to create a profile of subjective cognitive complaints in MCI and VaMCI patients with similar levels of objective cognitive performance. Methods. Twenty MCI and twenty VaMCI patients were recruited from a Memory Disorders Clinic in Toronto. Subjective cognitive complaints were assessed and categorized using the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale. Results. MCI and VaMCI patients achieved similar scores on measures of objective cognitive function (). However, the VaMCI group had more subjective complaints than the MCI group (), particularly in the critical items, cognitive efficiency, memory, and verbal learning domains of the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale. Conclusions. Our findings support the idea that VaMCI and MCI differ in their clinical profiles, independent of neuroimaging. VaMCI patients have significantly more subjective cognitive complaints and may be exhibiting particular deficits in memory, verbal learning, and cognitive efficiency. Our findings promote the need for further research into VaMCI-specific cognitive deficits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

El Hachioui, Hanane, Evy G. Visch-Brink, Hester F. Lingsma, Mieke W. M. E. van de Sandt-Koenderman, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Peter J. Koudstaal, and Huub A. M. Middelkoop. "Nonlinguistic Cognitive Impairment in Poststroke Aphasia." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 28, no. 3 (November 8, 2013): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968313508467.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and objectives. Information on cognitive impairment in aphasic patients is limited. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and course of nonlinguistic cognitive impairments in the first year after stroke and their association with aphasia and functional outcome. Methods. We included 147 patients with acute aphasia. At 3 months and 1 year, we assessed cognition with a nonlinguistic cognitive examination including abstract reasoning, visual memory, visual perception and construction, and executive functioning. We assessed language with a verbal communication rating (Aphasia Severity Rating Scale), the ScreeLing (a linguistic-level screening test), and the Token Test. We evaluated functional outcome with the modified Rankin scale and registered the use of antidepressants. Results. In total, 107 (88%) patients had impairments in at least one nonlinguistic cognitive domain at 3 months and 91 (80%) at 1 year. The most frequently observed impairment concerned visual memory (83% at 3 months; 78% at 1 year) and the least frequent visual perception and construction (19% at 3 months; 14% at 1 year). There was improvement on all cognitive domains including language, except for abstract reasoning. Patients with persisting aphasia had lower cognitive domain scores, worse functional outcome, and were more often depressed than patients who had recovered from aphasia. Conclusions. Standard nonlinguistic cognitive examination is recommended in aphasic stroke patients. Nonlinguistic cognitive impairments are common and associated with poor functional outcome and depression, especially in patients with persisting aphasia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zhou, Yifan, Jin Wei, Qinglei Sun, Haiyun Liu, Ye Liu, Jianfeng Luo, and Minwen Zhou. "Do Sensory Impairments Portend Cognitive Decline in Older Chinese Adults? Longitudinal Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey, 2011–2018." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020430.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous studies on longitudinal sensory-cognition association are limited and have yielded inconsistent conclusions in western and developed countries. The present study obtained data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS, 2011–2018) and aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of sensory impairments including single vision impairment (SVI), single hearing impairment (SHI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) on cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese population. In total, 11,122 participants accomplished all 4 interviews over 8 years and were included. Cognitive performances were assessed using Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and self-reported sensory status were accepted as well. Confounding variables included age, sex, educational level, marital status, medical, and lifestyle related information. The impact of sensory impairment on cognitive decline over time was assessed using linear mixed-effects models (LMM). After being adjusted for multiple confounders, SVI/SHI/DSI were all shown to be significantly associated with executive functions, episodic memory impairment, and global cognitive decline over 8 years (all p < 0.05). Such associations become less significant among female and relatively younger populations (45–59 years old). Single vision and hearing impairments, along with dual sensory impairment, are all independently associated with subsequent cognitive decline among middle-aged and older Chinese populations over 8 years of longitudinal observation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Farr, Susan A., Kelvin A. Yamada, D. Allan Butterfield, H. Mohammad Abdul, Lin Xu, Nicole E. Miller, William A. Banks, and John E. Morley. "Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia Produce Cognitive Impairment." Endocrinology 149, no. 5 (February 14, 2008): 2628–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1722.

Full text

Abstract:

Obesity is associated with cognitive impairments. Long-term mechanisms for this association include consequences of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, or other factors comprising metabolic syndrome X. We found that hypertriglyceridemia, the main dyslipidemia of metabolic syndrome X, is in part responsible for the leptin resistance seen in obesity. Here we determined whether triglycerides have an immediate and direct effect on cognition. Obese mice showed impaired acquisition in three different cognitive paradigms: the active avoidance T-maze, the Morris water maze, and a food reward lever press. These impairments were not attributable to differences in foot shock sensitivity, swim speed, swimming distance, or voluntary milk consumption. Impaired cognition in obese mice was improved by selectively lowering triglycerides with gemfibrozil. Injection into the brain of the triglyceride triolein, but not of the free fatty acid palmitate, impaired acquisition in normal body weight mice. Triolein or milk (97% of fats are triglycerides), but not skim milk (no triglycerides), impaired maintenance of the N-methyl-d-aspartate component of the hippocampal long-term synaptic potential. Measures of oxidative stress in whole brain were reduced by gemfibrozil. We conclude that triglycerides mediate cognitive impairment as seen in obesity, possibly by impairing maintenance of the N-methyl-d-aspartate component of hippocampal long-term potentiation, and that lowering triglycerides can reverse the cognitive impairment and improve oxidative stress in the brain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Park, Hyangjeong, Heejeong Kim, Sisook Kim, and Hyegyeong Cha. "The Association between Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment in Older Persons with Cognitive Impairments: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040399.

Full text

Abstract:

Olfactory function is an emerging topic of research in the fields of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to confirm the association between olfactory function and cognitive impairment by assessing the olfactory function of older persons with cognitive impairment and identify whether olfactory function is associated with cognitive impairment. For this study, we recruited 117 older people aged ≥65 years with cognitive impairments from a public hospital in Korea. We used the Korean version of the expanded clinical dementia rating scale to evaluate participants’ cognitive impairments, and the University of Pennsylvania’s smell identification test to assess their olfactory function. Our results indicate a significant negative correlation between olfactory function and all domains of cognitive impairment (memory, orientation, judgement and problem-solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care). In addition, olfactory function was a factor associated with cognitive impairment in older persons. Therefore, we expect that our results to provide useful data for the development of interventions using olfactory stimulation to improve cognitive function in older persons with cognitive impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Mattsson-Carlgren, Niklas, Shorena Janelidze, Sebastian Palmqvist, Nicholas Cullen, Anna L. Svenningsson, Olof Strandberg, David Mengel, et al. "Longitudinal plasma p-tau217 is increased in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease." Brain 143, no. 11 (October 17, 2020): 3234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa286.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine-217 (p-tau217) is a candidate tool to monitor Alzheimer’s disease. We studied 150 cognitively unimpaired participants and 100 patients with mild cognitive impairment in the Swedish BioFINDER study. P-tau217 was measured repeatedly for up to 6 years (median three samples per person, median time from first to last sample, 4.3 years). Preclinical (amyloid-β-positive cognitively unimpaired, n = 62) and prodromal (amyloid-β-positive mild cognitive impairment, n = 49) Alzheimer’s disease had accelerated p-tau217 compared to amyloid-β-negative cognitively unimpaired (β = 0.56, P < 0.001, using linear mixed effects models) and amyloid-β-negative mild cognitive impairment patients (β = 0.67, P < 0.001), respectively. Mild cognitive impairment patients who later converted to Alzheimer’s disease dementia (n = 40) had accelerated p-tau217 compared to other mild cognitive impairment patients (β = 0.79, P < 0.001). P-tau217 did not change in amyloid-β-negative participants, or in patients with mild cognitive impairment who did not convert to Alzheimer’s disease dementia. For 80% power, 109 participants per arm were required to observe a slope reduction in amyloid-β-positive cognitively unimpaired (71 participants per arm in amyloid-β-positive mild cognitive impairment). Longitudinal increases in p-tau217 correlated with longitudinal worsening of cognition and brain atrophy. In summary, plasma p-tau217 increases during early Alzheimer’s disease and can be used to monitor disease progression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Liljas, Ann E. M., Kate Walters, Cesar de Oliveira, S. Goya Wannamethee, Sheena E. Ramsay, and Livia A. Carvalho. "Self-Reported Sensory Impairments and Changes in Cognitive Performance: A Longitudinal 6-Year Follow-Up Study of English Community-Dwelling Adults Aged ⩾50 Years." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 5-6 (December 6, 2018): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318815391.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the influence of single and dual sensory impairments prospectively on cognition in adults aged ⩾50 years. Method: Community-dwelling English adults ( n = 4,621) were followed up from 2008 to 2014. Self-reported hearing and vision were collected in 2008. Change in cognitive performance on working memory and executive function between 2008 and 2014 was evaluated. Results: Compared with good hearing and good vision, respectively, poor hearing and poor vision were associated with worse cognitive function (hearing: unstandardized coefficient B = 0.83, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = [0.29, 1.37]; vision: B = 1.61, 95% CI = [0.92, 2.29] adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognition). Compared with no sensory impairment, dual sensory impairment was associated with worse cognition ( B = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.21, 3.39] adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognition). All associations remained after further adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, chronic conditions, falls, mobility, depression, and lack of companionship. Discussion: The findings are important as age-related sensory impairments are often preventable or modifiable, which may prevent or delay cognitive impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mohd Zulkifly, Mohd Faizal, Shazli Ezzat Ghazali, Normah Che Din, Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh, and Ponnusamy Subramaniam. "A Review of Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in Stroke Survivors." Scientific World Journal 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3456943.

Full text

Abstract:

In this review, we aimed to identify the risk factors that may influence cognitive impairment among stroke survivors, namely, demographic, clinical, psychological, and physical determinants. A search from Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted for papers published from year 2004 to 2015 related to risk factors of cognitive impairment among adult stroke survivors. A total of 1931 articles were retrieved, but only 27 articles met the criteria and were reviewed. In more than half of the articles it was found that demographical variables that include age, education level, and history of stroke were significant risk factors of cognitive impairment among stroke survivors. The review also indicated that diabetes mellitus, hypertension, types of stroke and affected region of brain, and stroke characteristics (e.g., size and location of infarctions) were clinical determinants that affected cognitive status. In addition, the presence of emotional disturbances mainly depressive symptoms showed significant effects on cognition. Independent relationships between cognition and functional impairment were also identified as determinants in a few studies. This review provided information on the possible risk factors of cognitive impairment in stroke survivors. This information may be beneficial in the prevention and management strategy of cognitive impairments among stroke survivors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Lehrner, Johann, Heidemarie Zach, Doris Moser, Andreas Gleiß, Eduard Auff, Walter Pirker, and Gisela Pusswald. "Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease – Comparison of two Modes of Classification." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 25, no. 1 (January 2014): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x/a000116.

Full text

Abstract:

Early detection of dementia in Parkinson’s disease is becoming increasingly important. The goal of this study was to establish prevalence of mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson’s disease using two different modes of mild cognitive impairment classification. Categorizing patients into mild cognitive impairment subtypes according to the minimum mode of mild cognitive impairment classification revealed the following results: three patients (2.5 %) were categorized as cognitively healthy, whereas 117 patients (97.5 %) met the criteria for mild cognitive impairment. When categorizing patients according to the mean mode of mild cognitive impairment classification, 41.7 % of the patients were categorized as cognitively healthy, whereas 58.3 % met the criteria for mild cognitive impairment. Frequency of mild cognitive impairment varies substantially, depending on how impairment is defined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wykes, T. "Discussion on Assessment and Treatment of Cognitive Impairment and New Developments of Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.165.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive impairment is conceptualised in different ways and the discussion will highlight differences and similarities. The importance of these cognitive impairments for choosing specific or generic cognitive remediation therapies will be highlighted as well as the need to consider social cognition and metacognition as potentially more important ingredients for improving recovery. Disclosure No significant relationships.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Kenney, Lauren E., Adrianna M. Ratajska, Francesca V. Lopez, Catherine C. Price, Melissa J. Armstrong, and Dawn Bowers. "Mapping Actuarial Criteria for Parkinson’s Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment onto Data-Driven Cognitive Phenotypes." Brain Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010054.

Full text

Abstract:

Prevalence rates for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI) remain variable, obscuring the diagnosis’ predictive utility of greater dementia risk. A primary factor of this variability is inconsistent operationalization of normative cutoffs for cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine which cutoff was optimal for classifying individuals as PD-MCI by comparing classifications against data-driven PD cognitive phenotypes. Participants with idiopathic PD (n = 494; mean age 64.7 ± 9) completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Cluster analyses (K-means, Hierarchical) identified cognitive phenotypes using domain-specific composites. PD-MCI criteria were assessed using separate cutoffs (−1, −1.5, −2 SD) on ≥2 tests in a domain. Cutoffs were compared using PD-MCI prevalence rates, MCI subtype frequencies (single/multi-domain, executive function (EF)/non-EF impairment), and validity against the cluster-derived cognitive phenotypes (using chi-square tests/binary logistic regressions). Cluster analyses resulted in similar three-cluster solutions: Cognitively Average (n = 154), Low EF (n = 227), and Prominent EF/Memory Impairment (n = 113). The −1.5 SD cutoff produced the best model of cluster membership (PD-MCI classification accuracy = 87.9%) and resulted in the best alignment between PD-MCI classification and the empirical cognitive profile containing impairments associated with greater dementia risk. Similar to previous Alzheimer’s work, these findings highlight the utility of comparing empirical and actuarial approaches to establish concurrent validity of cognitive impairment in PD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Beauchet, Olivier, Helena M. Blumen, Michele L. Callisaya, Anne-Marie De Cock, Reto W. Kressig, Velandai Srikanth, Jean-Paul Steinmetz, Joe Verghese, and Gilles Allali. "Spatiotemporal Gait Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study, the Intercontinental “Gait, cOgnitiOn & Decline” Initiative." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2018): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170725125621.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The study aims to determine the spatiotemporal gait parameters and/or their combination(s) that best differentiate between cognitively healthy individuals (CHI), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those with mild and moderate dementia, regardless of the etiology of cognitive impairment. Methods: A total of 2099 participants (1015 CHI, 478 patients with MCI, 331 patients with mild dementia and 275 with moderate dementia) were selected from the intercontinental “Gait, cOgnitiOn & Decline” (GOOD) initiative, which merged different databases from seven cross-sectional studies. Mean values and coefficients of variation (CoV) of spatiotemporal gait parameters were recorded during usual walking with the GAITRite® system. Results: The severity of cognitive impairment was associated with worse performance on all gait parameters. Stride velocity had the strongest association with cognitive impairment, regardless of cognitive status. High mean value and CoV of stride length characterized moderate dementia, whereas increased CoV of stride time was specific to MCI status. Conclusion: The findings support the existence of specific cognitive impairment-related gait disturbances with differences related to stages of cognitive impairment, which may be used to screen individuals with cognitive impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Valli, Isabel, Elena De la Serna, Roger Borras, Ilzarbe Daniel, Inmaculada Baeza, Maria Dolores Picouto, Patricia Rubio, et al. "M115. COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN BIPOLAR AND SCHIZOPHRENIA OFFSPRING: FINDINGS ACROSS THE NEURODEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUUM." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S178—S179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.427.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Neurocognitive impairment is considered to lie on a continuum of severity across schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP), possibly reflecting a continuum of neurodevelopmental load. Due to the known heterogeneity, performance patterns across both disorders have been examined using clustering approaches, which previously identified subgroups with different levels of impairment, from none to widespread and severe. We, for the first time, used this approach to examine cognitive function in children and youth at familial risk of developing SZ and BP, in order to investigate cognitive profiles earlier on in the neurodevelopmental pathway. Methods 220 participants, 49 offspring of individuals with schizophrenia (SZO), 90 offspring of individuals with bipolar disorder (BPO) and 81 healthy controls (HC), underwent a comprehensive cognitive assessment. Measures of attention, verbal memory, visual memory, executive function, working memory, and processing speed were used to group high-risk offspring. The k-means clustering with elbow method was used to determine the optimal number of clusters. High-risk offspring were then each assigned to a specific cluster. Cognitive performance within each of the clusters was compared to that of HC in order to describe the distribution of impairments across different cognitive domains and their severity. Between–cluster comparisons were then performed in terms of clinical and functioning variables. Results Three cognitive subgroups were identified for high-risk offspring: a global impairment group (19.5%) with severe impairments across most cognitive domains, a selective impairment group (46%) with moderate deficits across specific domains, and a cognitively intact group (34.5%) with performance comparable to that of healthy controls. Both SZO and BPO were represented in each of the three clusters. However a larger proportion of the SZO (30.6%) than of the BPO (13.3%) were characterised by widespread cognitive dysfunction, whereas BPO (41.1%) were more frequently cognitively spared relative to SZO (22.4%). Individuals in the global cognitive impairment group displayed significantly poorer clinical and functioning measures relative to the other two clusters. Discussion Three cognitive subgroups were identified in BP and SZ offspring, a global impairment group, a selective impairment group and a cognitively intact group. The clustering pattern identified overlaps with that previously observed after illness onset. Findings are in line with the known heterogeneity in cognitive impairment across SZ and BP and can contribute to elucidate the timeframe of its emergence. Using cognitive function as a proxy measure of neurodevelopmental load, the findings point to a gradient in individuals at genetic risk of SZ and BP. They have therefore important implications for the understanding of potentially different neurodevelopmental trajectories within SZ and BP, hence for patient stratification in research and clinical practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Nagumo, Ryosuke, Yaming Zhang, Yuki Ogawa, Mitsuharu Hosokawa, Kengo Abe, Takaaki Ukeda, Sadayuki Sumi, et al. "Automatic Detection of Cognitive Impairments through Acoustic Analysis of Speech." Current Alzheimer Research 17, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205017666200213094513.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Early detection of mild cognitive impairment is crucial in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to identify whether acoustic features can help differentiate older, independent community-dwelling individuals with cognitive impairment from healthy controls. Methods: A total of 8779 participants (mean age 74.2 ± 5.7 in the range of 65-96, 3907 males and 4872 females) with different cognitive profiles, namely healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment, global cognitive impairment (defined as a Mini Mental State Examination score of 20-23), and mild cognitive impairment with global cognitive impairment (a combined status of mild cognitive impairment and global cognitive impairment), were evaluated in short-sentence reading tasks, and their acoustic features, including temporal features (such as duration of utterance, number and length of pauses) and spectral features (F0, F1, and F2), were used to build a machine learning model to predict their cognitive impairments. Results: The classification metrics from the healthy controls were evaluated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and were found to be 0.61, 0.67, and 0.77 for mild cognitive impairment, global cognitive impairment, and mild cognitive impairment with global cognitive impairment, respectively. Conclusion: Our machine learning model revealed that individuals’ acoustic features can be employed to discriminate between healthy controls and those with mild cognitive impairment with global cognitive impairment, which is a more severe form of cognitive impairment compared with mild cognitive impairment or global cognitive impairment alone. It is suggested that language impairment increases in severity with cognitive impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Klooster, Nathaniel, Stacey Humphries, Eileen Cardillo, Franziska Hartung, Long Xie, Sandhitsu Das, Paul Yushkevich, et al. "Sensitive Measures of Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 1123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201280.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Sensitive measures of cognition are needed in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to track cognitive change and evaluate potential interventions. Neurofibrillary tangle pathology in AD is first observed in Brodmann Area 35 (BA35), the medial portion of the perirhinal cortex. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for semantic memory may explain early impairments of semantics in preclinical AD. Additionally, our research has tied figurative language impairment to neurodegenerative disease. Objective: We aim to identify tasks that are sensitive to cognitive impairment in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and that are sensitive to atrophy in BA35. Methods: Individuals with MCI and cognitively normal participants (CN) were tested on productive and receptive experimental measures of semantic memory and experimental tests of figurative language comprehension (including metaphor and verbal analogy). Performance was related to structural imaging and standard neuropsychological assessment. Results: On the experimental tests of semantics and figurative language, people with MCI performed worse than CN participants. The experimental semantic memory tasks are sensitive and specific; performance on the experimental semantic memory tasks related to medial temporal lobe structural integrity, including BA35, while standard neuropsychological assessments of semantic memory did not, demonstrating the sensitivity of these experimental measures. A visuo-spatial analogy task did not differentiate groups, confirming the specificity of semantic and figurative language tasks. Conclusion: These experimental measures appear sensitive to cognitive change and neurodegeneration early in the AD trajectory and may prove useful in tracking cognitive change in clinical trials aimed at early intervention.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ramey, Tatiana, and Paul S. Regier. "Cognitive impairment in substance use disorders." CNS Spectrums 24, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918001426.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive impairments in substance use disorders have been extensively researched, especially since the advent of cognitive and computational neuroscience and neuroimaging methods in the last 20 years. Conceptually, altered cognitive function can be viewed as a hallmark feature of substance use disorders, with documented alterations in the well-known “executive” domains of attention, inhibition/regulation, working memory, and decision-making. Poor cognitive (sometimes referred to as “top-down”) regulation of downstream motivational processes—whether appetitive (reward, incentive salience) or aversive (stress, negative affect)—is recognized as a fundamental impairment in addiction and a potentially important target for intervention. As addressed in this special issue, cognitive impairment is a transdiagnostic domain; thus, advances in the characterization and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in substance use disorders could have benefit across multiple psychiatric disorders. Toward this general goal, we summarize current findings in the abovementioned cognitive domains of substance use disorders, while suggesting a potentially useful expansion to include processes that bothprecede(precognition) andsupersede(social cognition) what is usually thought of as strictly cognition. These additional two areas have received relatively less attention but phenomenologically and otherwise are important features of substance use disorders. The review concludes with suggestions for research and potential therapeutic targeting of both the familiar and this more comprehensive version of cognitive domains related to substance use disorders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Foley, J. M., M. J. Wright, A. L. Gooding, M. Ettenhofer, M. Kim, M. Choi, S. A. Castellon, et al. "Operationalization of the updated diagnostic algorithm for classifying HIV-related cognitive impairment and dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 5 (November 19, 2010): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210002085.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTBackground: This study applies the updated HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) diagnostic algorithm.Methods: Participants were 210 HIV-infected-adults, classified using proposed HAND criteria: HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD), Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MND), Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI).Results: The algorithm yielded: normal = 32.8%, ANI = 21.4%, MND = 34.3%, and HAD = 11.4%. Normal participants performed superior to HAND-defined participants on cognition, and HAD participants performed more poorly on global cognition and executive functioning. Two distinct subgroups of interest emerged: (1) functional decline without cognitive impairment; (2) severe cognitive impairment and minimal functional compromise.Conclusions: The algorithm discriminates between HIV-infected cognitively impaired individuals. Diagnosis yields two unique profiles requiring further investigation. Findings largely support the algorithm's utility for diagnosing HIV-cognitive-impairment, but suggest distinct subsets of individuals with discrepant cognitive/functional performances that may not be readily apparent by conventional application of HAND diagnosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Kindarova, A. A., D. Fantalis, and I. S. Preobrazhenskaya. "Nonpharmacological treatment of cognitive impairment: cognitive training guidelines." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (July 5, 2022): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-11-18-26.

Full text

Abstract:

Important aspects of the treatment of cognitive impairments are their early detection, prevention and timely prescription of drug therapy. The method of non-drug prevention and, at the same time, the treatment of cognitive impairment is cognitive training. There are cognitive training, cognitive stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation. The content of cognitive training should be determined by the type and severity of the patient’s cognitive impairment; effectiveness depends, among other things, on the duration of the sessions and on the commitment of patients to cognitive training. At the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery of Sechenov University, guidelines have been developed that allow cognitive training for patients with mild and moderate cognitive impairments. The effectiveness of methodological recommendations has been confirmed by studies; they were introduced into the work of the neurological and neurosurgical departments of the clinic of nervous diseases of the Sechenov University. Taking into account the development of modern technologies, it seems interesting and important to create methods of cognitive training that will allow the patient to study using a smartphone, tablet or computer, and the doctor to remotely monitor the well-being and track the results of the patient’s therapy. In the fall of 2022, the Health Formula program will be launched on the basis of the My Health app, designed specifically to support patients with cognitive impairments. Health Formula is an online service for remote communication between a doctor and a patient, the purpose of which is to increase patient compliance and the effectiveness of the treatment itself. The application will contain a set of cognitive exercises to complement the prescribed drug therapy. At the initial stage, the course will be a balanced selection of video exercises, which will later be included in the global interactive program for patients with CI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Xue, Qianli, Brian Buta, Lina Ma, Meiling Ge, and Michelle carlson. "INTEGRATING FRAILTY AND COGNITIVE PHENOTYPES: THEORY, MEASUREMENT, APPLICATIONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1464.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The fact that frailty and cognitive impairment are associated and often coexist in older adults has led to the popular view of expanding the definition of frailty to include cognitive impairment. However, there is great variability in approaches to and assumptions regarding the integrated phenotypes of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. By reviewing the theoretical underpinnings of three integrated phenotypes of physical and cognitive impairments, this talk advocates the incorporation of biological theories in phenotype development that helps determine shared and distinct pathways in the progression to physical and cognitive impairments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gorina, Natalia A., Maria M. Grigoreva, Elisaveta R. Suglobova, Aleksei D. Khoroshev, Tatiana S. Larchenko, and Gusalhon A. Murathanova. "The main causes of cognitive impairment." Russian Family Doctor 24, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd19013.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive impairment is a common condition among elderly patients in medical practice. Currently, there is a tendency in the world to increasing of rate cognitive impairment of various etiologies, which allows us to regard this pathology as an urgent social and medical problem. Different types of cognitive impairment in the elderly are associated with poor quality of life, increased morbidity and early mortality. This article presents an overview based on publication data of the etiology and risk factors of cognitive impairments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zancada-Menéndez, Clara, Patricia Sampedro-Piquero, Azucena Begega, Laudino López, and Jorge Luis Arias. "Attention and inhibition in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease." Escritos de Psicología - Psychological Writings 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v6i3.13288.

Full text

Abstract:

Mild cognitive impairment is understood as a cognitive deficit of insufficient severity to fulfil the criteria for Alzheimer’s disease. Many studies have attempted to identify which cognitive functions are most affected by this type of impairment and which is the most sensitive neuropsychological test for early detection. This study investigated sustained and selective attention, processing speed, and the inhibition process using a sample of people divided into three groups mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease and cognitively healthy controls selected and grouped based on their scores in the Mini Mental State Examination and Cambridge Cognitive Examination-revised. Three tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (Motor Screening Task, Stop Signal Task and Reaction time) were used as well as the d2 attention test. The results show that that participants with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease showed lower levels of concentration compared with the cognitively healthy controls group in the d2 test and longer reaction times in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, although the differences were not marked in the latter test. The impairments in basic cognitive processes, such as reaction time and sustained attention, indicate the need to take these functions into account in the test protocols when discriminating between normal aging and early and preclinical dementia processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Utoomprurkporn, Nattawan, Joshua Stott, Sergi Gonzalez Costafreda, and Doris Eva Bamiou. "Lack of Association between Audiogram and Hearing Disability Measures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: What Audiogram Does Not Tell You." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060769.

Full text

Abstract:

(1) Introduction: The validity of self-reported hearing disability measures has been assessed using their correlation with the pure-tone average (PTA) hearing loss for non-cognitively impaired adults. However, for people with cognitive impairment, factors in addition to the PTA can play a role in their self-reported difficulties. Patients with cognitive impairment may experience more hearing difficulties due to their brain processing sounds abnormally, irrespective of PTA. (2) Methods: Three groups of hearing aid users who had normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia were recruited. Self-reported hearing abilities were assessed with the modified Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability (mAIAD) and the speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ). (3) Results: The SSQ and mAIAD scores were highly correlated with each other for all three groups. However, a correlation with objective PTA was found in the normal cognition but not the cognitively impaired groups. Self-reported hearing scores were associated with cognitive scores for the dementia group (4) Discussion: In people with combined cognitive and hearing impairment, PTA alone may be a poor predictor of hearing abilities. Subjective hearing questionnaires together with hearing tests may provide a better understanding of their hearing difficulties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Pavlovic, Dragan, and Aleksandra Pavlovic. "Mild cognitive impairment." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 137, no. 7-8 (2009): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0908434p.

Full text

Abstract:

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that spans the area between normal ageing and dementia. It is classified into amnestic and non-amnestic types, both with two subtypes: single domain and multiple domains. Prevalence of MCI depends on criteria and population and can vary from 0.1 to 42% persons of older age. In contrast to dementia, cognitive deterioration is less severe and activities of daily living are preserved. Most impaired higher cognitive functions in MCI are memory, executive functions, language, visuospatial functions, attention etc. Also there are depression, apathy or psychomotor agitation, and signs of psychosis. Aetiology of MCI is multiple, mostly neurodegenerative, vascular, psychiatric, internistic, neurological, traumatic and iatrogenic. Persons with amnestic MCI are at a higher risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease, while those with a single non-memory domain are at risk of developing frontotemporal dementia. Some MCI patients also progress to other dementia types, vascular among others. In contrast, some patients have a stationary course, some improve, while others even normalize. Every suspicion of MCI warrants a detailed clinical exploration to discover underlying aetiology, laboratory analyses, neuroimaging methods and some cases require a detailed neuropsychological assessment. At the present time there is no efficacious therapy for cognitive decline in MCI or the one that could postpone conversion to dementia. The treatment of curable causes, application of preventive measures and risk factor control are reasonable measures in the absence of specific therapy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Morris, Ashley O. "Cognitive Impairment Detection." Health Affairs 40, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.02373.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Yassuda, Mônica Sanches, and Lea Tenenholz Grinberg. "Vascular cognitive impairment." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 11, no. 4 (December 2017): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Oh, Eungseok, and Ae Young Lee. "Mild Cognitive Impairment." Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 34, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2016.3.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Jianu, Dragos Catalin, and Claudia Barsan. "VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT." Romanian Journal of Neurology 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2019.1.2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Suzuki, Yutaka. "Mild Cognitive Impairment." Journal of Nihon University Medical Association 71, no. 6 (2012): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4264/numa.71.385.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Gordon, Craig, and Daniel J. Martin. "Mild cognitive impairment." Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 13, no. 11 (November 2013): 1247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2013.856265.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Tuokko, H., and S. H. Zarit. "Mild cognitive impairment." Aging & Mental Health 7, no. 4 (July 2003): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360786031000120723.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

O'Brien, John T. "Vascular Cognitive Impairment." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14, no. 9 (September 2006): 724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jgp.0000231780.44684.7e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive impairment'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles