Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cognitive impairment

Academic literature on the topic 'Cognitive impairment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cognitive impairment"

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West, Jessica, and Scott Lynch. "Hearing and Cognitively Impaired Life Expectancies in the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1565.

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Abstract As the population ages, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments may pose growing public health challenges. Among the nine modifiable risk factors for dementia, the highest percentage (9%) of dementia cases are attributed to hearing impairment. While much research has examined the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, almost none has translated these relationships into a meaningful, life course metric: how many years of life individuals can expect to live with both impairments and how hearing impairment affects years lived with cognitive impairment. Our study fills this gap by using Bayesian multistate life table methods applied to nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014) to estimate years of life to be spent (1) with/without hearing and cognitive impairment, and (2) with/without cognitive impairment, conditional on having versus not having hearing impairment. Preliminary results for aim 1 reveal that at age 50, individuals will live 18.9 (18.7-19.2) years healthy, 4.3 (4.2-4.5) years hearing impaired but cognitively intact, 4.2 (4.0-4.3) years hearing unimpaired but cognitively impaired, and 2.3 (2.2-2.6) years with both impairments. Women will spend more years healthy, hearing unimpaired but cognitively impaired, or with both impairments; men will spend more years hearing impaired but cognitively intact. People with more education will spend more years hearing impaired but cognitively intact; people with less education will spend more years hearing unimpaired but cognitively impaired or with both impairments. Our study is one of the first to investigate the implications of hearing impairment for years of cognitively impaired life.
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West, Jessica S., and Scott Lynch. "COGNITIVE AND HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN OLDER ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.300.

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Abstract As the number of older adults increases, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments pose growing public health challenges. Research on the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, however, is minimal and has yielded mixed results, with some studies finding that hearing impairment is associated with cognitive decline, and others reporting that the association is weak or non-existent. Most of this research has been conducted outside of the U.S., and the few U.S.-based longitudinal studies have relied mostly on small, non-representative samples involving short follow-up periods. Further, despite known gendered patterns in cognitive and hearing impairments, no studies to date have examined whether the relationship between the two varies by gender. Our study addresses these weaknesses in the literature by utilizing nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014; n=14,169), a large, nationally representative, longitudinal study that facilitates examination of long-term interrelationships between hearing and cognitive impairments. In this study, we use autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) methods to model: 1) the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive decline, and 2) sex differences in the relationship. ALT models enable us to determine whether hearing impairment and cognitive impairment are associated, net of their common tendency simply to co-trend with age. Results indicate that hearing and cognitive impairments are strongly interrelated processes that trend together over time. Moreover, hearing impairment has an increasing impact on cognitive impairment across age while the effect of cognitive impairment on hearing impairment levels out over time. Sex differences in these patterns are discussed.
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Nayana, S., and M. Jithesh. "Ayurvedic Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment." Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science 6, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijiems.8115.

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TAKEDA, Masatoshi, Takashi MORIHARA, Masayasu OKOCHI, Golam SADIK, and Toshihisa TANAKA. "Mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive impairment." Psychogeriatrics 8, no. 4 (December 2008): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8301.2008.00258.x.

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Rubinsztein, Judy S., Barbara J. Sahakian, and John T. O'Brien. "Understanding and managing cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder in older people." BJPsych Advances 25, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2018.74.

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SUMMARYBipolar disorder is less prevalent in older people but accounts for 8–10% of psychiatric admissions. Treating and managing bipolar disorder in older people is challenging because of medical comorbidity. We review the cognitive problems observed in older people, explore why these are important and consider current treatment options. There are very few studies examining the cognitive profiles of older people with bipolar disorder and symptomatic depression and mania, and these show significant impairments in executive function. Most studies have focused on cognitive impairment in euthymic older people: as in euthymic adults of working age, significant impairments are observed in tests of attention, memory and executive function/processing speeds. Screening tests are not always helpful in euthymic older people as the impairment can be relatively subtle, and more in-depth neuropsychological testing may be needed to show impairments. Cognitive impairment may be more pronounced in older people with ‘late-onset’ bipolar disorder than in those with ‘early-onset’ disorder. Strategies to address symptomatic cognitive impairment in older people include assertive treatment of the mood disorder, minimising drugs that can adversely affect cognition, optimising physical healthcare and reducing relapse rates.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •understand that cognitive impairment in euthymic older people with bipolar disorder is similar to that in working-age adults with the disorder, affecting attention, memory and executive function/processing speeds•recognise that cognitive impairment in older people is likely to be a major determinant of functional outcomes•Implement approaches to treat cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder.DECLARATION OF INTERESTB.J.S. consults for Cambridge Cognition, PEAK (www.peak.net) and Mundipharma.
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D'Souza, Caitlin E., Melanie R. F. Greenway, Jonathan Graff-Radford, and James F. Meschia. "Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Stroke." Seminars in Neurology 41, no. 01 (January 8, 2021): 075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722217.

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AbstractDespite substantial advances in stroke care, vascular cognitive impairment remains a prominent source of disability. Unlike sensorimotor impairments, cognition often continues to decline after stroke. An aging population will increase the prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment, with stroke playing an important role. Ten percent of patients presenting with stroke have pre-stroke dementia; an additional 10% will develop incident dementia with a first stroke, and 30% with a recurrent stroke. While stroke increases the risk of cognitive impairment, the presence of cognitive impairment also impacts acute stroke treatment and increases risk of poor outcome by nearly twofold. There is substantial overlap in the clinical and pathological aspects of vascular and degenerative dementias in many patients. How they relate to one another is controversial. The treatment of vascular cognitive impairment remains supportive, focusing on treating vascular risk factors. Cognitive rehabilitation after stroke is an area of active research, and existing pharmacologic treatments have limited benefit. Heightened awareness of cognitive impairment in the setting of stroke is imperative for prognostication and management, impetus for research and, ultimately, the discovery of efficacious treatments.
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Kunz, Miriam, Petra Crutzen-Braaksma, Lydia Giménez-Llort, Sara Invitto, Gaya Villani, Marina deTommaso, Laura Petrini, et al. "Observing Pain in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Comparison Attempt across Countries and across Different Types of Cognitive Impairment." Brain Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111455.

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Facial expression is a key aspect in observational scales developed to improve pain assessment in individuals with cognitive impairments. Although these scales are used internationally in individuals with different types of cognitive impairments, it is not known whether observing facial expressions of pain might differ between regions or between different types of cognitive impairments. In a pilot study, facial responses to standardized experimental pressure pain were assessed among individuals with different types of cognitive impairments (dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington’s disease, and intellectual disability) from different countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Spain) and were analyzed using facial descriptors from the PAIC scale (Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition). We found high inter-rater reliability between observers from different countries. Moreover, facial responses to pain did not differ between individuals with dementia from different countries (Denmark, Germany, and Spain). However, the type of cognitive impairment had a significant impact; with individuals with intellectual disability (all being from Israel) showing the strongest facial responses. Our pilot data suggest that the country of origin does not strongly affect how pain is facially expressed or how facial responses are being scored. However, the type of cognitive impairment showed a clear effect in our pilot study, with elevated facial responses in individuals with intellectual disability.
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Gomaa, Mohammed. "Cognitive Impairment in Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/147.

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Pediatric OSA affects 1 to 3% of the population and appears to affect boys and girls equally [4]. The most commonly cause of pediatric OSA is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Thus, the primary treatment is adenotonsillectomy. Pediatric OSA has been associated with some psychological problems, of which neurocognitive and depression , difficulties particularly in memory , attention, learning and executive function, are the most widely reported. The neurocognitive deficits is due to the adverse effects of sleep fragmentation and/or intermittent hypoxia .Scholastic performance have been reported in little studies of pediatric OSA, and such findings may underscore more extensive behavioral disturbances such as restlessness, aggressive behavior, excessive daytime sleepiness and poor test performances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT), in children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), on the cognitive and scholastic achievement.
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Urinova, Gulnoza, Nargiza Nasirtdinova, and Janna Nazarova. "COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-1-1.

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Thisarticle discusses cognitive impairment in patients with coronavirus infection and explains that observations have been made on this topic. The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus poses a global health threat. Neurological disordersfound in patients with coronavirus infection have a wide range of clinical neurological signs: headache, dizziness, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVE), venous sinus thrombosis the brain [12].Keywords:coronavirus infection, cognitive impairment, neurological disorders, headache, dizziness, muscle weakness, encephalopathy, encephalitis
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KODAN, PARUL, JAYAKUMAR J. JAYAKUMAR J, SEEMANTHANI S. SEEMANTHANI S, and SYDNEY DSOUZA SYDNEY DSOUZA. "Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes Mellitus – A Review." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2014/113.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cognitive impairment"

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Park, Helen Loreen. "Atrial fibrillation and cognitive impairment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/765.

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Background In our aging population the burden of dementia is increasing, necessitating the urgent identification of treatable risk factors. Small cross-sectional studies demonstrate associations between nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), silent cerebral infarction and decreased cognitive function, but there are few longitudinal studies in this area. This thesis reports the results of a prospective longitudinal cohort study of cognitive decline in people with recent-onset NVAF compared to controls. To inform the thesis, an extensive literature review was undertaken . This included searches on NVAF and cognitive decline, NVAF and silent infarction, epidemiology of NVAF, other risk factors for cognitive decline, epidemiology of cognitive decline and the neuropsychological tests included in the CAFE battery. Methods 362 people over 60, screenedi n primary care, underwent baseline assessmenitn cluding a battery of neuropsychological tests, repeated at 12 months (n=304). Cases (n=175) with recent-onset NVAF, were matched for age, sex and GP practice with controls in sinus rhythm. Data were compared using SPSS software (version 11) with both parametric and non-parametric analysis. Results Baseline characteristics, including cognitive function, were similar for cases and controls. There was wide variation between individuals in change in performance on the neuropsychological tests over 12 months, with some improving and some deteriorating for each sub-test. Cases (NVAF) significantly (p<0.05) deteriorated in four subtests measuring attention/ non-verbal memory, and significantly (p<0.05) improved in two subtests measuring verbal memory. Controls significantly (p<0.05) deteriorated and improved in the same sub-tests as cases, but significantly (p<0.05) deteriorated in another three subtests measuring attention/non-verbal memory, and significantly (p<0.05) improved in another six subtests. Treatment with warfarin or aspirin did not appear to be associated with change in cognitive status. Conclusions At baseline there was no significant difference in cognitive function between cases in NVAF and controls in sinus rhythm. At follow-up there was no consistent relationship between NVAF and cognitive decline over 12 months, nor any apparent effect of antithrombotic therapy. Explanations include true independence of NVAF and cognitive decline, or too short a follow-up period. An additional follow-up at 36 months is underway to explore this further.
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Cannon, Jane Ann. "Cognitive impairment in heart failure." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7839/.

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The clinical syndrome of heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation and mortality in older adults. Due to ageing of the general population and improved survival from cardiac disease the prevalence of heart failure is rising. Despite the fact that the majority of patients with heart failure are aged over 65 years old, many with multiple co-morbidities, the association between cognitive impairment and heart failure has received relatively little research interest compared to other aspects of cardiac disease. The presence of concomitant cognitive impairment has implications for the management of patients with heart failure in the community. There are many evidence based pharmacological therapies used in heart failure management which obviously rely on patient education regarding compliance. Also central to the treatment of heart failure is patient self-monitoring for signs indicative of clinical deterioration which may prompt them to seek medical assistance or initiate a therapeutic intervention e.g. taking additional diuretic. Adherence and self-management may be jeopardised by cognitive impairment. Formal diagnosis of cognitive impairment requires evidence of abnormalities on neuropsychological testing (typically a result ≥1.5 standard deviation below the age-standardised mean) in at least one cognitive domain. Cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of dementia and people with mild cognitive impairment develop dementia at a rate of 10-15% per year, compared with a rate of 1-2% per year in healthy controls. Cognitive impairment has been reported in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. It is well documented among patients with hypertension, atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease, especially after coronary artery bypass grafting. This background is relevant to the study of patients with heart failure as many, if not most, have a history of one or more of these co-morbidities. A systematic review of the literature to date has shown a wide variation in the reported prevalence of cognitive impairment in heart failure. This range in variation probably reflects small study sample sizes, differences in the heart failure populations studied (inpatients versus outpatients), neuropsychological tests employed and threshold values used to define cognitive impairment. The main aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment in a representative sample of heart failure patients and to examine whether this association was due to heart failure per se rather than the common cardiovascular co-morbidities that often accompany it such as atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. Of the 817 potential participants screened, 344 were included in this study. The study cohort included 196 patients with HF, 61 patients with ischaemic heart disease and no HF and 87 healthy control participants. The HF cohort consisted of 70 patients with HF and coronary artery disease in sinus rhythm, 51 patients with no coronary artery disease in sinus rhythm and 75 patients with HF and atrial fibrillation. All patients with HF had evidence of HF-REF with a LVEF < 45% on transthoracic echocardiography. The majority of the cohort was male and elderly. HF patients with AF were more likely to have multiple co-morbidities. Patients recruited from cardiac rehabilitation clinics had proven coronary artery disease, no clinical HF and a LVEF >55%. The ischaemic heart disease group were relatively well matched to healthy controls who had no previous diagnosis of any chronic illness, prescribed no regular medication and also had a LVEF >55%. All participants underwent the same baseline investigations and there were no obvious differences in baseline demographics between each of the cohorts. All 344 participants attended for 2 study visits. Baseline investigations including physiological measurements, electrocardiography, echocardiography and laboratory testing were all completed at the initial screening visit. Participants were then invited to attend their second study visit within 10 days of the screening visit. 342 participants completed all neuropsychological assessments (2 participants failed to complete 1 questionnaire). A full comprehensive battery of neuropsychological assessment tools were administered in the 90 minute study visit. These included three global cognitive screening assessment tools (mini mental state examination, Montreal cognitive assessment tool and the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status) and additional measures of executive function (an area we believe has been understudied to date). In total there were 9 cognitive tests performed. These were generally well tolerated. Data were also collected using quality of life questionnaires and health status measures. In addition to this, carers of the study participant were asked to complete a measure of caregiver strain and an informant questionnaire on cognitive decline. The prevalence of cognitive impairment varied significantly depending on the neuropsychological assessment tool used and cut-off value used to define cognitive impairment. Despite this, all assessment tools showed the same pattern of results with those patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation having poorer cognitive performance than those with heart failure in sinus rhythm. Cognitive impairment was also more common in patients with cardiac disease (either coronary artery disease or heart failure) than age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls, even after adjustment for common vascular risk factors.
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Hamdy, Ronald C., Amber Kinser, Kara Dickerson, c. Kendall-Wilson, Audrey Depelteau, Rebecca Copeland, and Kathleen Whalen. "Insomnia and Mild Cognitive Impairment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2737.

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Insomnia is a common problem in older people, especially in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) whose circadian rhythm is often compromised. Insomnia exerts such a toll on caregivers that it is frequently the primary reason for seeking to institutionalize their loved ones. Three different types of insomnia are recognized: sleep-onset or initial insomnia, sleep maintenance or middle insomnia, and early morning awakening or late insomnia. Nocturnal hypoglycemia, as a cause of middle insomnia, is the main focus of this case study. Other types of insomnia are also briefly reviewed. The management of insomnia is then discussed including sleep hygiene, the usefulness and potential drawbacks of dietary supplements, nonprescription over-the-counter preparations and prescription hypnotics. Sleep architecture is then briefly reviewed, emphasizing the importance of its integrity and the role of each sleep stage.
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Sussams, Rebecca. "Stress and its impact on cognition in mild cognitive impairment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422260/.

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Participants with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) do not inevitably show cognitive decline or convert to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) supporting the hypothesis that secondary events are crucial in the conversion process. Research suggests that psychological stress is a risk factor for AD. Therefore, we proposed psychological stress will be associated with worsened cognitive decline, a clinical marker of advancing neurodegeneration. This was a longitudinal observational study assessing the association between the degree of psychological stress and cognitive decline in 134 aMCI participants and 69 control participants. We hypothesised that stress, as measured by the Recent Life Change Questionnaire (RLCQ), would be associated with worsened cognitive decline, as measured by the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (FCSRT-IR), over an 18 month follow-up period. Other secondary cognitive outcomes included the difference in change of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and the Trail Making Test Part B. Exploratory measures of stress included the Perceived Stress Scale and the presence of physical stressors. Hypothesised modulators of the stress response were assessed including mood, neuroticism, social support, and favoured coping style. Biological outcomes included changes in blood levels of inflammatory markers and salivary cortisol. Objective stressful life events occurring during the course of the study were associated with increased rates of cognitive decline across a range of measures in the aMCI group. Whereas, as predicted, psychological stress was not associated with cognitive decline in the control group. Presence of the ApoE ε4 allele was associated with an increased rate of cognitive decline and increased serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFβ was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in the aMCI group. We found that neither measures of mood nor potential modulators of stress exerted a consistent significant influence over rates of cognitive decline in the aMCI group.
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Leung, Nim-no. "Cognitive impairment in Chinese DM patients /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35507081.

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Taylor, Robert. "Patterns of cognitive impairment in dementia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26992.

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Williamson, Oonagh F. "Cognitive impairment and outcome in schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27688.

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Objectives: The main focus of this study was the investigation of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, specifically memory and executive impairment, and the link this has with outcome in the illness. The hypotheses being that both memory impairment and executive dysfunction would be demonstrated and that cognitive dysfunction would be linked to outcome. An attempt was also made to replicate Liddle et al's (1987) finding of three syndromes of schizophrenic symptoms (Psychomotor Poverty, Reality Distortion and Disorganisation) and linking two of these factors to executive dysfunction. Design: A group of 70 patients with schizophrenia at varying stages of the Rehabilitation process completed a neuropsychological battery of assessments including tests of memory and executive function. Correlational analyses were carried out on results. A between group comparison of "successful" versus "unsuccessful" outcome in schizophrenia with 15 patients in each group was also carried out. Results: Memory impairment and executive dysfunction were found to be present and were disproportionately pronounced compared to overall level of cognitive impairment. The hypothesis that cognitive impairment would be linked to outcome was also substantiated in the between group analysis investigating "successful" versus "unsuccessful" outcome where two measures of executive assessments were demonstrated to be the best predictors of outcome. Finally, three Factors were identified through factor analysis, which corresponded closely to Liddle et al's (1987) 3 syndromes of schizophrenia. The hypothesis that the two Factors corresponding to Liddle's Psychomotor Poverty and Disorganisation would be linked to executive dysfunction was not supported. Conclusions: This study supports the increasing recognition that neuropsychological deficits are an integral part of schizophrenia and significantly associated with outcome in the illness. This has led to the development of cognitive remediation strategies with the aim of improving neurocognitive deficits to aid the rehabilitation process.
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Leung, Nim-no, and 梁念挪. "Cognitive impairment in Chinese DM patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010778.

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Underwood, Jonathan. "Cognitive impairment in treated HIV-disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/59078.

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Background Combination antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the outlook for people living with HIV-infection worldwide. As such, the focus of care in well-treated individuals has shifted to the management of long-term comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment. However, the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in virologically suppressed individuals is unclear. Aims To determine the prevalence, characteristics and understand the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in well-treated HIV-positive individuals and to assess biomarkers for their ability to predict cognitive impairment and longitudinal changes in cognition. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of two European cohorts (POPPY and COBRA) and longitudinal analysis of the CHARTER cohort using blood, cerebrospinal fluid, clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging data with advanced statistical techniques including machine-learning. Results Firstly, cognitive impairment was prevalent in ~20% of successfully treated patients compared to ~5% in demographically comparable controls. However, it was mild, not clearly associated with symptoms and remained stable over time. Additionally, the prevalence depended on the diagnostic method used, with simulation data demonstrating that the commonly used ‘Frascati criteria’ classifies impairment in ~25-50% of a normative control population. Secondly, cognitive impairment in well-treated patients was predominantly associated with white matter microstructural injury rather than grey or white matter atrophy and using multivariate machine learning techniques could be predicted with up to 80% accuracy. Thirdly, greater exposure to efavirenz and nevirapine were associated with clinical and neuroimaging signals of CNS neurotoxicity. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given their cross-sectional nature and limited sample size (n=60). Nevertheless, they justify further, prospective study given that millions are prescribed these drugs worldwide. Conclusions Cognitive impairment was more prevalent in well-treated HIV-positive patients compared to well matched controls, with white matter microstructural injury sustained before sustained suppression of HIV-viraemia the likely pathogenic driver. Reassuringly however, this impairment was generally mild, asymptomatic and remains stable over time.
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Corden, Benjamin. "The amygdala and social cognitive impairment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445396/.

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This thesis investigated the role of the amygdala in social cognition by examining variability in social-perceptual abilities within the normal population and via experiments with individuals who have Asperger's syndrome (AS). I found that a significant proportion of men from the general population had a fear recognition deficit akin to that seen in patients with bilateral amygdala lesion and that poor fear recognition was associated with poor theory of mind ability and with reduced activation of the amygdala and associated areas of the 'social brain'. Further experiments suggested a mechanism for these impairments - reduced fixation of the eye region of the face - similar to that exhibited by patient SM, who has suffered bilateral amygdala damage. Overall, I found that AS subjects also had a fear recognition deficit when compared with matched controls. However, there was great variability in responses, with scores ranging from normal to severely impaired. Again, an eyetracking experiment showed that low fear recognition was related to a reduced amount of time spent fixating the eyes. Informed by recent neurodevelopmental models of amygdala involvement in autistic- spectrum disorders, I conducted psychological, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical experiments in order to examine the cause of this failure to attend to the eyes in some AS subjects. As a whole, the findings support a 'hyper-active amygdala model', in which social stimuli induce an aversive level of arousal and so are avoided. I suggest that inattention to social stimuli, which could have a number of possible aetiologies, might be at the heart of a general route to social cognitive impairment, which could be shared by several distinct populations.
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Books on the topic "Cognitive impairment"

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Timo, Erkinjuntti, and Gauthier Serge 1950-, eds. Vascular cognitive impairment. London: Martin Dunitz, 2002.

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Harvey, Philip, ed. Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139003872.

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Lee, Seung-Hoon, and Jae-Sung Lim, eds. Stroke Revisited: Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1433-8.

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Holly, Tuokko, and Hultsch David F, eds. Mild cognitive impairment: International perspectives. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Lars-Olof, Wahlund, Erkinjuntti Timo, and Gauthier Serge 1950-, eds. Vascular cognitive impairment in clinical practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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McIntyre, Roger S., and Danielle S. Cha, eds. Cognitive Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139860567.

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Wahlund, Lars-Olof, Timo Erkinjuntti, and Serge Gauthier, eds. Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511575976.

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L, Landow Melanie, ed. Cognitive impairment: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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DM, O'Brien John, ed. Cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and dementia. 2nd ed. London: Martin Dunitz, 2004.

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Catherine, Mollica, and Maruff Paul, eds. Cognitive impairment in children with ADHD. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cognitive impairment"

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Sloan, John P. "Cognitive Impairment." In Protocols in Primary Care Geriatrics, 46–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1884-5_7.

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Roy, Eric. "Cognitive Impairment." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 494–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1118.

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Roy, Eric. "Cognitive Impairment." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 449–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1118.

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Morrow, Sarah. "Cognitive impairment." In Case Studies in Multiple Sclerosis, 91–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31190-6_12.

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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola, et al. "Cognitive Impairment." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 322–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1292.

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Solovastru, Laura Gheuca. "Cognitive Impairment." In Mental Health Practitioner's Guide to HIV/AIDS, 145–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5283-6_21.

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Emilien, Gérard, Cécile Durlach, Kenneth Lloyd Minaker, Bengt Winblad, Serge Gauthier, and Jean-Marie Maloteaux. "Mild cognitive impairment." In Alzheimer Disease, 95–106. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7842-5_7.

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Rau, Holly, Rosemary Ziemnik, and Yana Suchy. "Vascular Cognitive Impairment." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3552–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_496.

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Libon, David J., Lisa Delano-Wood, and Mark W. Bondi. "Mild Cognitive Impairment." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2183–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_513.

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Morgan, Michael M., MacDonald J. Christie, Thomas Steckler, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, et al. "Mild Cognitive Impairment." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 782–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_257.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cognitive impairment"

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Silva, Luciana Maria Campos e., Suelen Darlane Vieira, Ana Catarini Lopes Baltazar, Ana Luiza Soares Henriques de Almeida, Rafael Felipe Silva Rodrigues, Isabela Guedes, Amanda Mansur Rosa, and Maíssa Ferreira Diniz. "Neurocognitive impairment postCOVID-19: a review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.125.

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Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a neurotropic virus. Although its main manifestations are respiratory, neurological complaints associated with COVID-19 are growing. Important cognitive impairments have been shown during and after the acute illness. Objectives: To review post-COVID-19’s neurocognitive deficits. Design and Setting: Review of the literature. Methods: The PubMed database was used with the descriptors “COVID-19” and “neurocognition”, finding 94 articles. Only articles with participants without previous cognitive or psychiatric disorders were included, 7 review articles and 5 cohort studies being selected. Results: All of the reviewed articles demonstrated cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 patients, including patients without cognitive complaints. Headache, dysgeusia, diarrhea and use of oxygen during acute COVID were related to lower scores on global cognition tests. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment both at hospital discharge and 1 year after, mainly in working memory, processing speed, executive functions and attention. Post-SARS imaging exams showed atrophy and loss of brain volume. The mechanisms of CNS injury in COVID-19 are not completely understood, but systemic hypoxia, associated with important viremia and the massive release of cytokines, has an important role in a picture of toxic encephalopathy and destruction of nervous tissue. Conclusion: There is evidence of neurocognitive impairments as a result of COVID-19, however studies on the mechanisms of occurrence and severity of deficits are scarce. Further studies are needed to identify predictors and develop prevention strategies.
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Garcia, Ana Carolina Pereira, Alice Campos Meneses, Ana Karolinne Cruz Cavalcante, Caroline Rodrigues de Morais, Gabriel Dias Henz, Gabriela Rodrigues Pessôa, and Liana Lisboa Fernandez. "Cognitive impairment associated with COVID-19: a literature review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.683.

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 is capable of causing neurological symptoms of the CNS in addition to respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Early knowledge of the possible cognitive functions compromised by the infection will allow the health system to anticipate and create measures to minimize irreversible damage. Objectives: to analyze the cognitive impairment associated with COVID-19, taking into account its pathophysiological mechanisms and their short and long-term consequences. Methods: Narrative review of 62 articles, based on an active search on the PubMed, Google Scholar, Jama and American Academy of Neurology research platforms. Results: Cognitive impairment can be present both during and after infection. The main risk factors for cognitive impairments in the short term are: other neurological symptoms (headache, anosmia, dysgeusia); diarrhea and oxygen therapy. The main cognitive functions affected were memory, attention, executive functions (mental flexibility) and language (semantic and phonetic fluency) associated with anxiety and depression. The factors that contribute to long-term cognitive decline are: previous cognitive weakness (comorbidities); the inflammatory process of COVID-19 with pulmonary (hypoxia), vascular (ischemia), neurological (neuronal damage) and hospitalization (sedation, isolation, delirium). The hippocampus appears to be particularly vulnerable to coronavirus infections. Conclusion: Short-term and long-term cognitive impairment associated with COVID-19 may be related to the increased likelihood of cognitive impairment, as well as the acceleration of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Follow-up with neuropsychological assessments of these patients and epidemiological studies are necessary to analyze this impact and to create prevention and treatment programs.
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Souza, João Pedro Ferrari, Wagner Brum, Lucas Hauschild, Lucas Da Ros, Pâmela Lukasewicz Ferreira, Bruna Bellaver, Douglas Leffa, et al. "ASSOCIATION OF VASCULAR RISK AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATHOLOGY WITH NEURODEGENERATION AND COGNITIVE DECLINE." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda024.

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Background: It is not fully understood how vascular risk factors (VRFs) are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology to promote neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Objective: Investigate whether VRF burden synergistically interacts with AD pathology to accelerate neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. Methods: We assessed 503 CU participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Individuals were dichotomized as having an elevated VRF burden if ≥ 2 VRFs (V+) and as presenting biological AD if CSF p-tau181 ≥ 24 pg/mL and CSF Aβ1-42 ≤ 976.6 pg/mL [(AT)+]. Neurodegeneration was assessed with plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and cognition with the modified version of the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite. Results: Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that an elevated VRF burden interacted with AD pathology to promote higher rates of neurodegeneration (β=5.68, p=.005) and cognitive decline (β=- 0.43, p=.019). Survival analysis demonstrated that only (AT)+V+ individuals had a significantly greater risk of clinical progression to cognitive impairment (adjusted Hazard Ratio=3.5, p <.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that VRF burden and AD pathology synergistically lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, favoring the onset of cognitive impairment. These findings support that the clinical evaluation of VRF burden might improve the clinical assessment especially of subjects at higher risk for developing cognitive impairment.
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Oliveira, Maira Okada De, Maria Carthery Goulart, Karolina César Freitas, Ricardo Nitrini, and Sonia Brucki. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN MINI-ADDENBROOKE’S COGNITIVE EXAMINATION (MINI-ACE BR)." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda013.

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Background: Age is the most important risk factor for development of dementia and the recommendation is that the elderly be cognitively tested in order to detect impairment in the initial phase for adequate treatment. The demand for the care of these elderly people is great, drawing attention to the need for rapid tests, with good accuracy and simple application to identify cognitive impairment. Objective: To develop the M-ACE Brazilian version using data from ACE-R deriving sub-items that could better predict the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Methods: The M-ACE BR was developed using Mokken scaling analysis in 352 participants (cognitively normal = 232, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) = 82 and dementia = 38) and validated in an independent sample of 117 participants (cognitively normal = 25, CIND = 88 and dementia = 4). Results: The M-ACE BR has nine items (spatial orientation, anterograde memory, retrograde memory, delayed recall, recognition, verbal fluency letter “P”, repetition of four words, naming 10 items and comprehension) with a max. score of 51 points and average duration time of seven minutes. The cutoff score ≤43/51 for CIND had a sensitivity of 59.09% and a specificity of 80%. For a screening test in which sensitivity is prioritized for further investigation, we suggest using a cutoff of ≤47 (sensitivity 85.23% and specificity 24%), maintaining a good positive predictive value (79.8%) Conclusion: The M-ACE BR is a brief and adequate instrument for detecting cognitive impairment in elderly Brazilians.
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Antonsson, Malin, Kristina Lundholm Fors, and Dimitrios Kokkinakis. "Discourse in Mild Cognitive Impairment." In 10th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2019/10/0005/000367.

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Lundholm Fors, Kristina, Malin Antonsson, Dimitrios Kokkinakis, and Kathleen C. Fraser. "Reading and Mild Cognitive Impairment." In 10th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2019/10/0021/000383.

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Themistocleous, Charalambos, Dimitrios Kokkinakis, Marie Eckerström, Kathleen Fraser, and Kristina Lundholm Fors. "Effects of Cognitive Impairment on vowel duration effects of Cognitive Impairment on vowel duration." In 9th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2018/09/0027/000360.

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Merlin, Silvia, Maira Oliveira, Luciana Cassimiro, Isabella Avolio, Eduardo Tres, Ricardo Nitrini, and Sonia Brucki. "FOLLOW UP OF THE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND COGNITIVE EVOLUTION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda068.

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Background: Some psychological and personality characteristics of individuals, seem to determine behavioral patterns that are associated with better health throughout life and, consequently, prevent the progression of early cognitive changes to dementia. Objective: Identify factors that interfere in the evolution of cognitive disorders. Methods: Volunteers were evaluated clinically and for personality characteristics and neuropsychological testing. Follow-up occurred over two years from the initial assessment, and participants’ cognitive categories were re-analyzed every six months to observe variation in the same. Results: Of the 102 subjects, 65 remained at follow-up. The sample was composed predominantly of women (65%), white (74%), with a mean age of 78 (±7.5) years and 12 (±4.8) years of education. Throughout the process, 23% of cognitively normal 15% of subjective cognitive decline, and 27% of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment individuals worsened cognitively. In the same period, 15% of the non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 31% of the amnestic mild cognitive impairment improved in cognitive ratings. Observed that older ages present greater cognitive worsening, and that very low indices of the personality trait Openness present associations with cognitive worsening. Conclusion: The factors most associated with cognitive change in this group of elderly people were age and aspects of openness of personality that are associated with cognitive reserve.
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Johansson, Sofie, Kristina Lundholm Fors, Malin Antonsson, and Dimitrios Kokkinakis. "Lexical diversity and Mild Cognitive Impairment." In 10th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2019/10/0029/000391.

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Themistocleous, Charalambos, and Dimitrios Kokkinakis. "Speech and Mild Cognitive Impairment detection." In 10th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2019/10/0050/000412.

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Reports on the topic "Cognitive impairment"

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Pechnick, Robert N. Basic Mechanisms Underlying Postchemotherapy Cognitive Impairment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada542183.

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Jiang, Jieting, Xinyu Li, Wang Hui, Huang Lan, and Caiqin Wu. The effect of computerized cognitive training on improving the cognitive impairment and the activities of daily living in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.3.0059.

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Kane, M.D., Robert L., Mary Butler, Ph.D., M.B.A., and Howard A. Fink, M.D., M.P.H. Interventions To Prevent Age-Related Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Alzheimer’s-Type Dementia. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer188.

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Long, Cong, XUke Han, Yunjiao Yang, Tongyi Li, Qian Zhou, and Qiu Chen. Efficacy of Intranasal Insulin in Improving Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0054.

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Review question / Objective: How does the efficacy of Intranasal Insulin in improving Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia. Condition being studied: Insulin regulates many aspects of brain function related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, which can be delivered to the brain center via intranasal (IN) devices. Some small, single-site studies indicated that intranasal insulin can enhance memory in patients with MCI or dementia. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) overlap, making insulin an attractive therapy for people suffering from MCI or dementia. The goal of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of IN insulin on cognition in patients with MCI or dementia.
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Fairchild, Jennifer K. A Combined Training Program for Veterans with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614412.

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Fairchild, Jennifer K. A Combined Training Program for Veterans with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada595045.

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Fairchild, Jennifer K. A Combined Training Program for Veterans with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada624110.

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Zheng, Meiling, Feng Feng, Yanqian Liu, and Cuiling Feng. Air pollution and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0017.

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Chen, Zhi, Bo Hong, SaiYue Han, ChunNa Zhou, QianQian Zhou, and HongYa Lai. Sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0136.

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Kardon, Randy, and Pieter Poolman. Objective Methods to Test Visual Dysfunction in the Presence of Cognitive Impairment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612544.

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