Academic literature on the topic 'Cognitive functions and EEG changes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cognitive functions and EEG changes"
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Marcos-Martínez, Diego, Víctor Martínez-Cagigal, Eduardo Santamaría-Vázquez, Sergio Pérez-Velasco, and Roberto Hornero. "Neurofeedback Training Based on Motor Imagery Strategies Increases EEG Complexity in Elderly Population." Entropy 23, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121574.
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Neurofeedback training (NFT) has shown promising results in recent years as a tool to address the effects of age-related cognitive decline in the elderly. Since previous studies have linked reduced complexity of electroencephalography (EEG) signal to the process of cognitive decline, we propose the use of non-linear methods to characterise changes in EEG complexity induced by NFT. In this study, we analyse the pre- and post-training EEG from 11 elderly subjects who performed an NFT based on motor imagery (MI–NFT). Spectral changes were studied using relative power (RP) from classical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta), whilst multiscale entropy (MSE) was applied to assess EEG-induced complexity changes. Furthermore, we analysed the subject’s scores from Luria tests performed before and after MI–NFT. We found that MI–NFT induced a power shift towards rapid frequencies, as well as an increase of EEG complexity in all channels, except for C3. These improvements were most evident in frontal channels. Moreover, results from cognitive tests showed significant enhancement in intellectual and memory functions. Therefore, our findings suggest the usefulness of MI–NFT to improve cognitive functions in the elderly and encourage future studies to use MSE as a metric to characterise EEG changes induced by MI–NFT.
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Kaji, Yoshio, Yoshikazu Yamamoto, Junji Kawata, Jiro Morimoto, and Shoichiro Fujisawa. "EEG Variations During Measurement of Cognitive Functions Using Biosignal Acquisition Toolkit." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p0753.
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The occurrence of serious traffic accidents due to driving error has recently become a social issue. The decline in cognitive functions is considered a factor particularly among elderly drivers, for which some corrective measures are urgently needed. Currently, as a measure dealing with elderly drivers, drivers aged 75 years are required by law to examine their cognitive functions when they renew their driver’s license. This examination is conducted to measure memory and power of judgment. In the present study, we used a device that allows simple measurements and attached electrodes to the frontal pole, where it is easy to attach; measure electroencephalograms for the cognitive functions of memory, mental calculations (thinking), and memory recall; and examine the changes in the power spectra to determine how they vary in young and elderly individuals.
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Zawiślak-Fornagiel, Katarzyna, Daniel Ledwoń, Monika Bugdol, Patrycja Romaniszyn-Kania, Andrzej Małecki, Agnieszka Gorzkowska, and Andrzej W. Mitas. "The Increase of Theta Power and Decrease of Alpha/Theta Ratio as a Manifestation of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041569.
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In this study, we aim to assess and examine cognitive functions in Parkinson’s Disease patients using EEG recordings, with a central focus on characteristics associated with a cognitive decline. Based on neuropsychological evaluation using Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III, 98 participants were divided into three cognitive groups. All the particpants of the study underwent EEG recordings with spectral analysis. The results revealed an increase in the absolute theta power in patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PD-D) compared to cognitively normal status (PD-CogN, p=0.00997) and a decrease in global relative beta power in PD-D compared to PD-CogN (p=0.0413). An increase in theta relative power in the left temporal region (p=0.0262), left occipital region (p=0.0109), and right occipital region (p=0.0221) were observed in PD-D compared to PD-N. The global alpha/theta ratio and global power spectral ratio significantly decreased in PD-D compared to PD-N (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the increase in relative theta power and the decrease in relative beta power are characteristic changes in EEG recordings in PD patients with cognitive impairment. Identifying these changes can be a useful biomarker and a complementary tool in the neuropsychological diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s Disease.
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Hughes, J. R., S. Shanmugham, L. C. Wetzel, S. Bellur, and C. A. Hughes. "The Relationship between EEG Changes and Cognitive Functions in Dementia: A Study in a VA Population." Clinical Electroencephalography 20, no. 2 (April 1989): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005948902000204.
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Domizio, Sergio, Emanuela Conte, Cristina Puglielli, Roberto Domizio, Alberto Verrotti, Rocco Pollice, Massimo Casacchia, et al. "Epileptic EEG discharges and short non-convulsive crisis: Influence on cognitive and psychobehavioural functions in youths." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v31i1.3139.
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Purpose: Learning and behavioural difficulties often occur in benign childhood epilepsy. In recent years, several electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics have been related to the occurrence of learning and behavioral problems. We determined if the cognitive characteristics of epileptic children depend exclusively on illness factors, or if epileptic electroencephalogram discharges during the crisis contribute to these changes.
Methods: We studied a randomly selected group of 150 youths with short non-convulsive crises, who completed cognitive testing and electroencephalographic studies. The inclusion criteria were: undefined crisis, variations in cognitive function and/or frequent epileptiform discharges on the electroencephalogram.
Results: Previous research indicates that the type of epilepsy and the patient’s educational level can influence cognitive functioning. The electroencephalographic epileptic discharges during the crisis has been found to influence cognitive transitory functions such as vigilance or swiftness of mental functions. The type of epilepsy is correlated statistically with impairment of learning ability tests: reading (F, 5.487, P = 0.005) and mathematics (F, 3.007, P ≤ 0.05). In addition, 40% of the epileptic patients had behavioural disordered versus 16% for the control group (P < 0.02).
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Höller, Yvonne, Kevin H. G. Butz, Aljoscha C. Thomschewski, Elisabeth V. Schmid, Christoph D. Hofer, Andreas Uhl, Arne C. Bathke, et al. "Prediction of Cognitive Decline in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mild Cognitive Impairment by EEG, MRI, and Neuropsychology." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (May 20, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8915961.
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Cognitive decline is a severe concern of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Also, in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, memory problems are a frequently encountered problem with potential progression. On the background of a unifying hypothesis for cognitive decline, we merged knowledge from dementia and epilepsy research in order to identify biomarkers with a high predictive value for cognitive decline across and beyond these groups that can be fed into intelligent systems. We prospectively assessed patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (N = 9), mild cognitive impairment (N = 19), and subjective cognitive complaints (N = 4) and healthy controls (N = 18). All had structural cerebral MRI, EEG at rest and during declarative verbal memory performance, and a neuropsychological assessment which was repeated after 18 months. Cognitive decline was defined as significant change on neuropsychological subscales. We extracted volumetric and shape features from MRI and brain network measures from EEG and fed these features alongside a baseline testing in neuropsychology into a machine learning framework with feature subset selection and 5-fold cross validation. Out of 50 patients, 27 had a decline over time in executive functions, 23 in visual-verbal memory, 23 in divided attention, and 7 patients had an increase in depression scores. The best sensitivity/specificity for decline was 72%/82% for executive functions based on a feature combination from MRI volumetry and EEG partial coherence during recall of memories; 95%/74% for visual-verbal memory by combination of MRI-wavelet features and neuropsychology; 84%/76% for divided attention by combination of MRI-wavelet features and neuropsychology; and 81%/90% for increase of depression by combination of EEG partial directed coherence factor at rest and neuropsychology. Combining information from EEG, MRI, and neuropsychology in order to predict neuropsychological changes in a heterogeneous population could create a more general model of cognitive performance decline.
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Ogunjimi, L., A. Alabi, B. Osalusi, A. Muritala, A. Aderinola, and A. Ogunniyi. "Electroencephalographic Correlates of Cognition among Nigerian Women with Epilepsy on Anti-epileptic Monotherapy." Annals of Health Research 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0701-08-127.
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Background: The prospect of EEG as a potential biomarker for detecting a cognitive decline in those living with epilepsy has not been extensively studied.
Objective: To determine the relationship between electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and cognitive functions in Women with Epilepsy (WWE).
Methods: The study involved 100 adult WWE aged between 16 and 40 years on Levetiracetam (LEV) or Carbamazepine (CAB) monotherapy. Zung Self-Reporting Depression Scale (ZSRDS) was used to assess the mood of participants while the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) was used to assess various cognition domains.
Results: The frequency of Periodic Epileptiform Discharges (PED) (p = 0.008), delta waves and theta waves (p = 0.004) were higher in WWE with Cognitive Impairment (CI) compared to those without CI. Lower cognitive scores were seen among those with delta wave across the domains of cognition with statistical significance for language fluency (p = 0.039), language comprehension (p = 0.000), and total CSID (p = 0.000). WWE with PED had a lower mean total CSID score compared to those without PED (p = 0.019). The absence of alpha wave (p = 0.027), presence of delta wave (p = 0.013), slow frequency (p = 0.015) and PED (p = 0.031) were EEG predictors of cognitive impairment. Medication type (p = 0.016) and depression (p = 0.001) were the clinical predictors of cognitive impairment in WWE.
Conclusion: The frequencies of PED and slow waves were higher in WWE with CI while the absence of alpha wave, presence of delta wave and PED were EEG predictors of CI.
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Novikova, L. B., K. M. Sharapova, and O. E. Dmitrieva. "High-frequency electrical activity of the brain in patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke in combination with cognitive functions." Russian neurological journal 25, no. 6 (January 7, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-6-12-18.
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Abstract. The mathematical analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) provides information about the functional state of the brain, expands the understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between different areas of the brain, increases the possibilities of diagnostics and allows to put forward new tasks in the field of studying brain activity. Aim. To assess changes in the gamma-rhythm in patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke in the most acute and acute periods in comparison with cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders. Material and methods. The study included 32 patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke. All patients underwent complex clinical, neurological, instrumental and laboratory studies. The study and recording of the EEG was carried out on the 1st and 21st days of the disease, lasting 20 minutes. The method of mathematical analysis was used to estimate the power spectra and the peak frequency of the gamma — rhythm of the background EEG. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders are detected already in the most acute and acute periods of ischemic stroke. In the mathematical analysis of the EEG statistically significant correlations between the gamma — rhythm index and cognitive, anxiety-depressive disorders in the frontal, central temporal areas are noted. Conclusion. The complex of examination of patients should include, in addition to clinical and neuropsychological research, mathematical analysis of EEG data.
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Novikova, L. B., K. M. Sharapova, and O. E. Dmitrieva. "High-frequency electrical activity of the brain in patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke in combination with cognitive functions." Russian neurological journal 25, no. 6 (January 7, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-6-12-18.
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Abstract. The mathematical analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) provides information about the functional state of the brain, expands the understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between different areas of the brain, increases the possibilities of diagnostics and allows to put forward new tasks in the field of studying brain activity. Aim. To assess changes in the gamma-rhythm in patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke in the most acute and acute periods in comparison with cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders. Material and methods. The study included 32 patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke. All patients underwent complex clinical, neurological, instrumental and laboratory studies. The study and recording of the EEG was carried out on the 1st and 21st days of the disease, lasting 20 minutes. The method of mathematical analysis was used to estimate the power spectra and the peak frequency of the gamma — rhythm of the background EEG. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders are detected already in the most acute and acute periods of ischemic stroke. In the mathematical analysis of the EEG statistically significant correlations between the gamma — rhythm index and cognitive, anxiety-depressive disorders in the frontal, central temporal areas are noted. Conclusion. The complex of examination of patients should include, in addition to clinical and neuropsychological research, mathematical analysis of EEG data.
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Nikolaenko, M. V., E. A. Kizhevatova, and N. V. Drobotya. "Early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension and evaluation of treatment effectiveness according to EEG data." Medical Herald of the South of Russia 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2020-11-2-81-93.
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Objective: to establish the relationship between the presence of cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension and changes in EEG, to assess the dynamics of these changes against the background of various modes of cerebroprotective therapy.Materials and methods: the study involved 92 people with arterial hypertension, whose average age was 63 ± 8.2 years. The research was carried out on the device “Encephalan-EEGR-19/26”. To assess cognitive functions, patients were tested using the MoСA test. Patients with cognitive impairment were divided into three groups of dynamic monitoring with diff erent modes of cerebroprotective therapy.Results: non-specifi c patterns in the slow-wave range were registered in patients with cognitive impairment during visual EEG analysis. In the quantitative analysis of the EEG revealed changes in the frequency and amplitude of the alpha rhythm, the power variation on the basic rhythms, the reduction of the total strength of the rhythms, the increase in relative power of slow rhythms in the frontal leads to the total power of the rhythms. After the treatment, most patients showed an increase in scores on the “Montreal scale”, a decrease in anxiety and depression on the” Hospital scale”, and an increase in the SF-36 index. Quantitative EEG analysis revealed positive dynamics comparable to the clinic and test data. The most favorable EEG dynamics was registered in groups of patients receiving neuroprotective and combined therapy.Conclusions: the results obtained indicate the diagnostic value of quantitative EEG analysis and the feasibility of adding drugs that improve the metabolism and blood supply to the brain to standard antihypertensive therapy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cognitive functions and EEG changes"
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Webb, Clare E. "Age-related changes in prefrontal cortex function : links between sleep EEG and cognition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8545.
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Healthy ageing has been found to be accompanied by changes in slow wave activity (SWA) and cognitive function. Furthermore, these changes have been seen predominantly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to other regions of the cortex. Current theories of cognitive ageing propose that this occurs due to a specified deterioration of neuronal substrates of the PFC, and as such, changes in SWA and cognitive function may decline at similar rates due to similar underlying aetiology. The main aim of the current thesis was to explore age-related differences in electroencephalographic (EEG) SWA during the first NREM period and cognitive performance that relies on the integrity of the PFC: executive function and social cognition. The extent to which executive function (reliant on dorsolateral PFC areas) and social cognitive function (reliant on ventromedial PFC regions) show similar age-related deterioration was investigated in Study 1. Here, 16 young (22.2 years) and 16 older (71.5 years) adults were administered with a cognitive testing battery including executive function measures: Verbal Fluency (VF) and Tower of London (TOL); as well as measures of social cognition: Go/No-go, Emotional Prosody and Ekman 60 Faces. Not all measures of PFC function were affected to the same extent. The older group performed significantly worse on the TOL, but not on the VF test. Additionally, simple aspects of social cognition did not display differences between the groups, but the older group performed significantly worse than the young group on more complex aspects of recognition of emotion from facial expression (Ekman 60 Faces) and Emotional Prosody. As most studies of cognitive ageing are cross-sectional and show large agerelated changes, the remainder of this thesis focused on age-related changes using a longitudinal design over a relatively small ageing period (mean = 6.29 years). The average age of participants at baseline was 67.1 years and the average age at follow-up was 73.4 years. In Study 2, in a sample of 11 participants, performance on executive function tests was measured (TOL, VF and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: WCST). As found in the cross-sectional analyses reported in Study 1, the TOL task was found to be the most sensitive indicator of age-related changes, as this showed a decline with age; whereas, VF and WCST remained stable over time. Furthermore, in Study 3, localised SWA was recorded via EEG, and significant declines were found in low frequency delta (0.5 – 1 Hz), which was localised to the left frontal region.
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Lavermicocca, Valentina. "New applications of neurofeedback techniques for cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/11018.
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2013/2014Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopamine depletion in the striatum. Clinical studies show that the main function of the basal ganglia is related to motor behavior. However, PD is characterized by a series of non-motor symptoms. In fact, basal ganglia establish important anatomical connections with prefrontal areas through dorsolateral, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulated circuits, respectively involved in executive functions, regulation of social behaviour and motivation. Although cognitive decline insidiously occurs, PD patients show cognitive slowing and executive dysfunction at early stages; this condition can evolve into mild cognitive impairment before and subcortical dementia later. While motor symptoms show a good response, cognitive symptoms do not seem to adequately respond to the drug therapy. Neurofeedback (NF) is a conditioning method for the self-regulation of brain activity based on real-time feedback of EEG/fMRI signal. During NF training, patients learn to modulate their brainwave pattern, in order to improve cognitive or motor performances. The study aims to investigate the possible effect of specific Neurofeedback techniques on cognitive performance (particularly attentive) of patients with idiopathic PD and their impact on daily activities, in terms of change in scores at the neurocognitive assessment. Methods: 20 patients were recruited affected by idiopathic PD staged according to the Hoehn & Yahr scale and previously cognitively evaluated. Patients were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: aged from 55 to 85, intact or correct auditory and visual functions, phase on of dopaminergic therapy. Patients with previous cerebrovascular insults, with psychosis, with severe dyskinesias and patients taking ChIs drug were excluded. The sample was divided into two groups of 10 patients homogeneous for age, education level, cognitive impairment and disease severity, randomized to the experimental protocol (NF training) and to the traditional protocol (conventional computerized cognitive training). The experimental protocol consists of 2 weekly sessions of 40 minutes each (30 minutes NF Attention Training/10 minutes muscle relaxation). The traditional protocol consists of 2 weekly sessions of 40 minutes each (30 minutes conventional cognitive training /10 minutes muscle relaxation). The rehabilitation program has planned, in both group, 24 sessions of training. Treatment efficacy have been evaluated through an ANOVA model with a factor between subject (treatment) and a factor within subject (before-after the treatment). All analysis have been performed with SAS Software V 9.4 for PC. Significance level have been stated as p<0.05. Results: At the end of treatment path, cognitive re-evaluation showed a significant increase in scores in both groups; PD patients significantly improved in all investigated cognitive functions (attention, set-shifting, executive functions, verbal fluency, immediate and delayed memory, and visuospatial reasoning) compared with their baseline assessments, with a positive impact on reaction time, processing speed and global cognition. The comparison between cognitive performances showed no significant differences between the two groups linked to the type of treatment carried out (NF or conventional computerized training). However, the degree of satisfaction for treatment was significantly greater in the NF group, in term of general satisfaction and technical quality. To notice that in both groups the 4 months after the end of treatment follow-up control put into evidence a decrease in scores to baseline levels. It’s probably due to the degenerative nature of the disease. Conclusions: Both approaches to cognitive training, classic computerized cognitive training and neurofeedback training, as long as applied for a long time seems to improve cognitive abilities in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment who have a higher risk of developing dementia. The increase in the satisfactory levels of the experimental group appears to be due to how patients perceive the control they have on their cognitive performance (assumption of NF training), thus increasing the sense of self-efficacy. However, our experience so far shows that patients periodically need reminder therapy, otherwise recurrence of cognitive dysfunction is observed.
Premesse Le tecniche di neurofeedback sono utilizzate con successo nel trattamento dei disturbi di attenzione nei bambini affetti da ADHD. Partendo da questo dato si è pensato di applicare tali tecniche nel trattamento dei disturbi cognitivi di marca attentiva nel paziente neurologico adulto. Per valutare la fattibilità e l’aderenza dei pazienti al trattamento, inizialmente lo studio è stato rivolto a 4 patologie neurologiche caratterizzate da disturbi attentivi: Sclerosi Multipla, Malattia di Parkinson, Insulto cerebro-vascolare, Atassia cerebellare. Preliminarmente i pazienti hanno effettuato 5 sessioni di neurofeedback. I pazienti che sono apparsi più motivati e che hanno mostrato una rapida risposta al trattamento sono stati i pazienti affetti da malattia di Parkinson. Si noti che la malattia di Parkinson è una condizione patologica che condivide circuiti neurotrasmettitoriali simili a quelli coinvolti nell’ADHD; quindi, verosimilmente, anche i meccanismi di apprendimento che rendono efficace il trattamento potrebbero essere sovrapponibili. Introduzione La Malattia di Parkinson (MP) è una malattia neurodegenerativa caratterizzata dalla deplezione di dopamina a livello striatale. Studi clinici evidenziano che la prevalente funzione dei gangli della base è correlata al comportamento motorio. Tuttavia, essi stabiliscono connessioni anatomiche con aree prefrontali attraverso i circuiti dorsolaterale, orbitofrontale e cingolato anteriore, coinvolti nei processi esecutivi, nella regolazione del comportamento sociale e nella motivazione. La bradifrenia è il disturbo cognitivo caratteristico della MP. Si manifesta attraverso perdita di concentrazione e lentezza nei processi di pensiero, obiettivati dal rallentamento del segnale EEG. Attraverso l’applicazione di tecniche di Neurofeedback (NF), modulazione e autoregolazione EEG-mediata, il paziente impara a modificare la propria attività cerebrale sotto la guida del terapeuta e del computer. Lo studio è volto ad indagare l’effetto di tali tecniche sulle performance cognitive di pazienti affetti da MP, in termini di variazioni dei punteggi testistici. Materiali e Metodi Dei 35 pazienti esaminati, ne sono stati reclutati 20 affetti da MP idiopatica stadiati secondo la scala di Hoen&Yahr e preventivamente valutati cognitivamente. Criteri di inclusione: età compresa tra 55-85 anni, funzioni visive e uditive integre, fase on della terapia farmacologica. Il campione è stato suddiviso in 2 gruppi di 10 pazienti ciascuno randomizzati per età, scolarità e stadio della patologia, sottoposti rispettivamente al protocollo sperimentale (NF training) e al protocollo tradizionale (training cognitivo convenzionale). Il percorso riabilitativo ha previsto 24 sedute di terapia cognitiva. Nel NF training, come interfaccia cervello-computer, si è utilizzata la cuffia MindWave (NeuroSky) con relativo software per il trattamento. Risultati Al termine del percorso terapeutico, la rivalutazione cognitiva ha evidenziato un significativo incremento nei punteggi in entrambi i gruppi; il confronto tra le performance cognitive non ha evidenziato differenze significative tra i due gruppi legate alla tipologia di trattamento effettuato. Tuttavia, il grado di soddisfazione per il trattamento è risultato significativamente maggiore nel gruppo sperimentale. Va segnalato che in entrambi i gruppi i controlli al follow-up hanno evidenziato un decremento dei punteggi ai livelli basali. Conclusioni L’applicazione di tecniche di NF per il trattamento cognitivo di pazienti affetti da MP, purchè erogate per tempi lunghi, è apparsa valida al pari dei trattamenti cognitivi convenzionali. L’incremento dei livelli di soddisfazione del gruppo sperimentale sembra imputabile alla percezione che il paziente ha di esercitare un controllo sulle proprie prestazioni cognitive (presupposto del NF training) aumentando così il senso di autoefficacia. Prospettive future Essendo il tracciato EEG nettamente rallentato nella MP, lo studio sarà ampliato indagando le modificazioni EEG eventualmente indotte dalla neuroriabilitazione in entrambi i gruppi. Data la rapida diffusione delle tecnologie informatiche e della comunicazione nell’ambito sanitario, parte delle attività riabilitative può essere erogata a distanza (Teleriabilitazione). Seppur ancora agli albori, le tecniche di Tele-neurofeedback consentono al paziente di ricevere un trattamento cognitivo all’interno del proprio domicilio mantenendosi in contatto continuo con il terapeuta via web. Data la necessità di proseguire il trattamento cognitivo nel tempo al fine di ritardare l’evoluzione del mild cognitive impairement in demenza conclamata, le tecniche di tele-neurofeedback potrebbero applicarsi al momento della interruzione del trattamento in presenza.
XXVII Ciclo
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Dubarry, Anne-Sophie. "Linking neurophysiological data to cognitive functions : methodological developments and applications." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5017.
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Un des enjeux majeurs de la Psychologie Cognitive est de décrire les grandes fonctions mentales, notamment chez l’humain. Du point de vue neuroscientifique, il s’agit de modéliser l’activité cérébrale pour en extraire les éléments et mécanismes spatio-temporels susceptibles d’être mis en correspondance avec les opérations cognitives. Le travail de cette thèse a consisté à définir et mettre en œuvre des stratégies originales permettant de confronter les modèles cognitifs existants à des données issues d’enregistrements neurophysiologiques chez l’humain. Dans une première étude nous avons démontré que la distinction entre les organisations classiques de la dénomination de dessin sériel-parallèle, doit être adressée au niveau des essais uniques et non sur la moyenne des signaux. Nous avons conçu et mené l’analyse des signaux SEEG de 15 patients pour montrer que l’organisation temporelle de la dénomination de dessin n’est pas, au sens strict, parallèle. Dans une deuxième étude nous avons combiné trois techniques d’enregistrements : SEEG, EEG et MEG pour clarifier l’organisation spatiale des sources d’activité neuronales. Nous avons établi la faisabilité de l’enregistrement sur un patient qui exécute une tâche de perception visuelle. Au delà des corrélations entre les signaux moyens des trois techniques, cette analyse a révélé des corrélations au niveau des essais uniques. À travers deux approches expérimentales, cette thèse propose de nombreux développements méthodologiques et conceptuels originaux et pertinents. Ces contributions ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives à partir desquelles les signaux neurophysiologiques pourront informer les théories des Neurosciences CognitivesA major issue in Cognitive Psychology is to describe human cognitive functions. From the Neuroscientific perceptive, measurements of brain activity are collected and processed in order to grasp, at their best resolution, the relevant spatio-temporal features of the signal that can be linked with cognitive operations. The work of this thesis consisted in designing and implementing strategies in order to overcome spatial and temporal limitations of signal processing procedures used to address cognitive issues. In a first study we demonstrated that the distinction between picture naming classical temporal organizations serial-parallel, should be addressed at the level of single trials and not on the averaged signals. We designed and conducted the analysis of SEEG signals from 5 patients to show that the temporal organization of picture naming involves a parallel processing architecture to a limited degree only. In a second study, we combined SEEG, EEG and MEG into a simultaneous trimodal recording session. A patient was presented with a visual stimulation paradigm while the three types of signals were simultaneously recorded. Averaged activities at the sensor level were shown to be consistent across the three techniques. More importantly a fine-grained coupling between the amplitudes of the three recording techniques is detected at the level of single evoked responses. This thesis proposes various relevant methodological and conceptual developments. It opens up several perspectives in which neurophysiological signals shall better inform Cognitive Neuroscientific theories
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Cannon, Jordan. "Statistical analysis and algorithms for online change detection in real-time psychophysiological data." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/342.
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Modern systems produce a great amount of information and cues from which human operators must take action. On one hand, these complex systems can place a high demand on an operator's cognitive load, potentially overwhelming them and causing poor performance. On the other hand, some systems utilize extensive automation to accommodate their complexity; this can cause an operator to become complacent and inattentive, which again leads to deteriorated performance (Wilson, Russell, 2003a; Wilson, Russell, 2003b). An ideal human-machine interface would be one that optimizes the functional state of the operator, preventing overload while not permitting complacency, thus resulting in improved system performance.
An operator's functional state (OFS) is the momentary ability of an operator to meet task demands with their cognitive resources. A high OFS indicates that an operator is vigilant and aware, with ample cognitive resources to achieve satisfactory performance. A low OFS, however, indicates a non-optimal cognitive load, either too much or too little, resulting in sub-par system performance (Wilson, Russell, 1999).
With the ability to measure and detect changes in OFS in real-time, a closed-loop system between the operator and machine could optimize OFS through the dynamic allocation of tasks. For instance, if the system detects the operator is in cognitive overload, it can automate certain tasks allowing them to better focus on salient information. Conversely, if the system detects under-vigilance, it can allocate tasks back to the manual control of the operator. In essence, this system operates to "dynamically match task demands to [an] operator's momentary cognitive state", thereby achieving optimal OFS (Wilson, Russell, 2007).
This concept is termed adaptive aiding and has been the subject of much research, with recent emphasis on accurately assessing OFS in real-time. OFS is commonly measured indirectly, like using overt performance metrics on tasks; if performance is declining, a low OFS is assumed. Another indirect measure is the subjective estimate of mental workload, where an operator narrates his/her perceived functional state while performing tasks (Wilson, Russell, 2007). Unfortunately, indirect measures of OFS are often infeasible in operational settings; performance metrics are difficult to construct for highly-automated complex systems, and subjective workload estimates are often inaccurate and intrusive (Wilson, Russell, 2007; Prinzel et al., 2000; Smith et al., 2001).
OFS can be more directly measured via psychophysiological signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG). Current research has demonstrated these signals' ability to respond to changing cognitive load and to measure OFS (Wilson, Fisher, 1991; Wilson, Fisher, 1995; Gevins et al., 1997; Gevins et al., 1998; Byrne, Parasuraman, 1996). Moreover, psychophysiological signals are continuously available and can be obtained in a non-intrusive manner, pre-requisite for their use in operational environments.
The objective of this study is to advance schemes which detect change in OFS by monitoring psychophysiological signals in real-time. Reviews on similar methods can be found in, e.g., Wilson and Russell (2003a) and Wilson and Russell (2007). Many of these methods employ pattern recognition to classify mental workload into one of several discrete categories. For instance, given an experiment with easy, medium and hard tasks, and assuming the tasks induce varying degrees of mental workload on a subject, these methods classify which task is being performed for each epoch of psychophysiological data. The most common classifiers are artificial neural networks (ANN) and multivariate statistical techniques such as stepwise discriminant analysis (SWDA). ANNs have proved especially effective at classifying OFS as they account for the non-linear and higher order relationships often present in EEG/EOG data; they routinely achieve classification accuracy greater than 80%.
However, the discrete output of these classification schemes is not conducive to real-time change detection. They accurately classify OFS, but they do not indicate when OFS has changed; the change points remain ambiguous and left to subjective interpretation. Thus, the present study introduces several online algorithms which objectively determine change in OFS via real-time psychophysiological signals.
The following chapters describe the dataset evaluated, discuss the statistical properties of psychophysiological signals, and detail various algorithms which utilize these signals to detect real-time changes in OFS. The results of the algorithms are presented along with a discussion. Finally, the study is concluded with a comparison of each method and recommendations for future application.
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Hautala, T. (Terhi). "Ikääntyneiden kuuntelijoiden puheen ymmärtäminen kognitiivisesti vaativassa tilanteessa." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526201856.
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Abstract There are multiple factors simultaneously affecting speech perception in elderly people. These factors include hearing acuity, aging of the auditory system, and changes in both perception and cognitive processes, all of which can interfere with speech comprehension, especially in cognitively demanding situations. The aim of this study is to clarify which factors influence the use of an automatic phone service system designed for elderly (N = 36) people. More specifically, the aim is to investigate whether it is the factors connected to the system itself or the factors connected to the elderly users and their actions with the system that are the most crucial for using the system successfully. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used in the study. There were four people who performed as speakers in the system. Analysis of the prosodic features of their speech was performed using acoustic analysis software. The variables connected to the elderly participants (n = 30) were investigated using interviews, pure-tone and speech audiometric tests, the Mini-Mental State Examination test (MMSE), and the Token Test for speech comprehension. Statistical analyses were used to explore whether there was a statistical connection between the acoustic measurements or the variables connected to participants themselves and their performance in usability test situation. In addition, the elderly participants’ actions in the test situation were observed using a material-based, qualitative video-analysis. The individuals who performed as speakers in the system were observed to use features of elderspeak in their speech. However, these speaker characteristics had little effect on the participants’ performance in the tasks. It was the voice-menu that contained the most semantically complex text structure that proved to be the most difficult for participants. Both low scores in the Token test and poor word recognition were connected to poor performance in the tasks. It was found based on the qualitative analysis that in addition to speech comprehension, there were other cognitive processes that were important for completing the tasks successfully, i.e. remembering the instructions given (memory), and the ability to direct, divide and maintain attention during the tasks. Poor performance in the tasks and in the Token Test, as well as problems in executive functions observed in the test situation, were found to be factors predicting dropping out of the next phase of the study the following year. Qualitative analysis of language use in cognitively demanding situations can be used in evaluation of high-level language performance. It may be useful for detecting mild changes in language skills that can be symptomatic of early stages of memory disorders. The results of this study can also be utilized when designing voice-based interfaces. In addition, it is important to consider both advantages and disadvantages of using elderspeak in the fields of nursing and speech therapyTiivistelmä Ikääntyvien ihmisten puheen vastaanotossa vaikuttavat samanaikaisesti monet tekijät: kuulokyky, auditiivisen järjestelmän ikääntymismuutokset sekä havaintotoimintojen ja kognitiivisten toimintojen muutokset. Nämä voivat vaikeuttaa puheen ymmärtämistä erityisesti kognitiivisesti vaativassa tilanteessa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää ikääntyneille osallistujille (N = 36) suunnitellun automaattisen puhelinpalvelujärjestelmän käyttöön liittyviä tekijöitä. Tavoitteena on selvittää se, missä määrin toisaalta kokeiltuun järjestelmään liittyvät tekijät ja toisaalta käyttäjien ominaisuudet sekä heidän toimintansa tutkimustilanteessa olivat yhteydessä järjestelmän menestykselliseen käyttöön. Tutkimuksessa käytetään kvantitatiivisia ja kvalitatiivisia menetelmiä. Järjestelmässä kokeiltiin neljän eri puhujan äänillä nauhoitettuja toimintaohjeita. Heidän puheensa prosodisia piirteitä analysoitiin äänen ja puheen analyysiohjelmilla. Ikääntyneisiin osallistujiin (n = 30) liittyviä muuttujia tutkittiin haastattelulla, kuulon tutkimuksilla (äänesaudiometria ja puheaudiometria), kognitiivisella seulontatestillä (Mini-mental state examination = MMSE) ja puheen ymmärtämistä mittaavalla Token-testillä. Mittaustulosten ja muuttujien yhteyttä tehtävistä suoriutumiseen tarkasteltiin tilastollisesti. Osallistujien toimintaa havainnoitiin järjestelmän käyttötilanteessa aineistolähtöisellä laadullisella videoanalyysillä. Järjestelmän puhujilla havaittiin ikääntyneille suunnatun puheen piirteitä. Tehtävistä suoriutuminen oli kuitenkin hyvin samanlaista puhujasta riippumatta. Semanttisesti monimutkaisin tekstivalikko oli osallistujille vaikein äänite. Matala Token-testin pistemäärä ja heikko puheen tunnistuskyky liittyivät heikkoon tehtävistä suoriutumiseen. Laadullisen analyysin perusteella puheen ymmärtämisen ohella keskeisiä kognitiivisia prosesseja tehtävissä menestymisen kannalta olivat seuraavat: ohjeiden muistaminen, huomion suuntaaminen, jakaminen ja ylläpito. Heikko suoriutuminen tehtävissä ja Token-testissä sekä tutkimustilanteessa havaitut toiminnan ohjauksen ongelmat ennustivat toisesta tutkimusvaiheesta poisjääntiä seuraavana vuonna. Kognitiivisesti vaativista kielen käyttötilanteista tehtävillä laadullisilla analyyseilla voidaan arvioida monimutkaisia kielellis-kognitiivisia toimintoja ja löytää mahdollisesti alkaviin muistisairauksiin liittyviä lieviä kielellisiä muutoksia. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää ääneen perustuvien käyttöliittymien suunnittelussa. Ikääntyneille suunnatun puheen etuja ja haittoja on tärkeää pohtia myös hoitotyön ja puheterapian näkökulmasta
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ANZOLIN, ALESSANDRA. "Statistical causality in the EEG for the study of cognitive functions in healthy and pathological brains." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1080195.
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Understanding brain functions requires not only information about the spatial localization of neural activity, but also about the dynamic functional links between the involved groups of neurons, which do not work in an isolated way, but rather interact together through ingoing and outgoing connections. The work carried on during the three years of PhD course returns a methodological framework for the estimation of the causal brain connectivity and its validation on simulated and real datasets (EEG and pseudo-EEG) at scalp and source level. Important open issues like the selection of the best algorithms for the source reconstruction and for time-varying estimates were addressed. Moreover, after the application of such approaches on real datasets recorded from healthy subjects and post-stroke patients, we extracted neurophysiological indices describing in a stable and reliable way the properties of the brain circuits underlying different cognitive states in humans (attention, memory). More in detail: I defined and implemented a toolbox (SEED-G toolbox) able to provide a useful validation instrument addressed to researchers who conduct their activity in the field of brain connectivity estimation. It may have strong implication, especially in methodological advancements. It allows to test the ability of different estimators in increasingly less ideal conditions: low number of available samples and trials, high inter-trial variability (very realistic situations when patients are involved in protocols) or, again, time varying connectivity patterns to be estimate (where stationary hypothesis in wide sense failed). A first simulation study demonstrated the robustness and the accuracy of the PDC with respect to the inter-trials variability under a large range of conditions usually encountered in practice. The simulations carried on the time-varying algorithms allowed to highlight the performance of the existing methodologies in different conditions of signals amount and number of available trials. Moreover, the adaptation of the Kalman based algorithm (GLKF) I implemented, with the introduction of the preliminary estimation of the initial conditions for the algorithm, lead to significantly better performance. Another simulation study allowed to identify a tool combining source localization approaches and brain connectivity estimation able to provide accurate and reliable estimates as less as possible affected to the presence of spurious links due to the head volume conduction. The developed and tested methodologies were successfully applied on three real datasets. The first one was recorded from a group of healthy subjects performing an attention task that allowed to describe the brain circuit at scalp and source level related with three important attention functions: alerting, orienting and executive control. The second EEG dataset come from a group of healthy subjects performing a memory task. Also in this case, the approaches under investigation allowed to identify synthetic connectivity-based descriptors able to characterize the three main memory phases (encoding, storage and retrieval). For the last analysis I recorded EEG data from a group of stroke patients performing the same memory task before and after one month of cognitive rehabilitation. The promising results of this preliminary study showed the possibility to follow the changes observed at behavioural level by means of the introduced neurophysiological indices.
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Chen, Yan-Jhen, and 陳妍榛. "The association between vascular burden and changes in cognitive functions among community-dwelling older adults." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2u68fg.
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碩士國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
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Background: Vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and smoking were associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia in the elderly. However, vascular risk factors rarely exist alone among older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between individual vascular risk factors and vascular burden and changes in cognitive functions among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The study sample comprised of 503 community-dwelling older adults (average age 65.7 years old) from the Baltimore experience corps trial (BECT), a randomized controlled trial of an intergenerational social health promotion program. The mean follow-up time was 1.7 year. Dependent variable were cognitive functions, including attention, memory, processing speed and executive function measured by a battery of neuropsychological tests. Independent variables were vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Hypertension, diabetes, and smoking were measured through self-reported questionnaire and obesity was measured using body mass index(BMI). Vascular burden was quantified in two ways. Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile and the number of vascular risk factors. The association between individual vascular risk factors and vascular burden and changes in cognitive functions were analyzed using linear mixed effect model. Results: For vascular burden, older adults with more than three vascular risk factors had greater rate of decline in attention compared with those with 0 or 1 vascular risk factors. Higher Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile was associated with greater decline in attention. For individual vascular risk factors, higher diastolic blood pressure was found to be associated with slower decline in executive function whereas diagnosis of hypertension was associated with greater decline in attention. Higher BMI was associated with greater decline in executive function. Conclusion: Individual vascular risk factors may not present consistent effects on decline in cognitive functions. Instead, higher vascular burden, either measured by Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile or the number of vascular risk factors, consistently showed its association with greater decline in attention.
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Hum, Kathryn. "Changes in the Neural Bases of Emotion Regulation Associated with Clinical Improvement in Children with Anxiety Disorders." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/34061.
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Background: The present study was designed to examine prefrontal cortical processes in anxious children that mediate cognitive regulation in response to emotion-eliciting stimuli, and the changes that occur after anxious children participate in a cognitive behavioral therapy treatment program.
Methods: Electroencephalographic activity was recorded from clinically anxious children and typically developing children at pre- and post-treatment sessions. Event-related potential components were recorded while children performed a go/no-go task using facial stimuli depicting angry, calm, and happy expressions.
Results: At pre-treatment, anxious children had significantly greater posterior P1 and frontal N2 amplitudes than typically developing children, components associated with attention/arousal and cognitive control, respectively. For the anxious group only, there were no differences in neural activation between face (emotion) types or trial (Go vs. No-go) types. Anxious children who did not improve with treatment showed increased cortical activation within the time window of the P1 at pre-treatment relative to comparison and improver children. From pre- to post-treatment, only anxious children who improved with treatment showed increased cortical activation within the time window of the N2.
Conclusions: At pre-treatment, anxious children appeared to show increased cortical activation regardless of the emotional content of the stimuli. Anxious children also showed greater medial-frontal activity regardless of task demands and response accuracy. These findings suggest indiscriminate cortical processes that may underlie the hypervigilant regulatory style seen in clinically anxious individuals. Neural activation patterns following treatment suggest that heightened perceptual vigilance, as represented by increased P1 amplitudes for non-improvers, may have prevented these anxious children from learning the treatment strategies, leading to poorer outcomes. Increased cognitive control, as represented by increased N2 amplitudes for improvers, may have enabled these anxious children to implement treatment strategies more effectively, leading to improved treatment outcomes. Hence, P1 activation may serve as a predictor of treatment outcome, while N2 activation may serve as an indicator of treatment-related outcome. These findings point to the cortical processes that maintain maladaptive functioning versus the cortical processes that underlie successful intervention in clinically anxious children.
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St-Louis-Deschênes, Mathilde. "Les effets de l'exercice physique sur le fonctionnement cognitif de l'enfant." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6260.
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À tout âge, l’exercice physique peut être bénéfique au fonctionnement cognitif. Étant quotidiennement confrontés à des situations d’apprentissage, l’enfant et l’adolescent constituent une population particulièrement susceptible de profiter de ces bienfaits. Cependant, il importe de préciser et d’étudier les facteurs qui influencent la relation entre l’exercice physique et la cognition. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’examiner, à l’aide de mesures électrophysiologiques, les effets aigus et chroniques de l’exercice physique sur les mécanismes neurophysiologiques du fonctionnement cognitif de l’enfant. Une première étude a apprécié la durée des effets aigus de l’exercice physique. Les résultats de ces travaux suggèrent qu’une séance ponctuelle d’exercice physique augmente la vigilance pendant au moins 30 min. Toujours dans un contexte d’effets aigus de l’exercice, l’impact de la demande cognitive de la tâche et de l’âge ont été examinés dans une seconde étude. Les résultats ne révèlent aucune interaction avec l’âge, cependant ils indiquent une spécificité pour les processus plus complexes du traitement de l’information. Enfin, une troisième étude a évalué l’effet de l’exercice physique chronique dans le cadre d’un programme d’activités physiques de 12 semaines. Aucun changement n’a été observé quant à l’aptitude cardiovasculaire ou la performance cognitive suite au programme. Une condition physique initialement élevée des participants pourrait expliquer ce résultat. En résumé, peu importe la condition physique de l’enfant, un exercice physique aigu d’intensité moyenne est bénéfique à la vigilance et à certains aspects du traitement cognitif de l’information. Les effets observés semblent suffisamment durables pour avoir un impact positif sur l’apprentissage en classe après une récréation ou un cours d’éducation physique.Exercise can be beneficial for cognitive functioning throughout lifespan. Children and adolescents may particularly benefit from the effects of exercise on cognition as they continually face learning situations. However, it is important to identify and to study the factors that influence the relationship between exercise and cognition. The general objective of this thesis was to examine, with electrophysiological measures, the acute and chronic effects of exercise on electrophysiological mechanisms of cognitive functioning in children. A first study appreciated the duration of the acute effect of a single session of exercise. The results suggested that a single session of exercise increases vigilance for at least 30 min. Still in a context of acute exercise, the impact of the cognitive demand of the task and age were examined in a second study. Although the results did not reveal any significant interaction with age, they indicated specific benefits for the more complex cognitive processes compare to more automatic processes. Finally, a third study evaluated the effect of a 12-week program of physical activity. Following the 12-week program, no change was observed neither for the cardiovascular function nor the cognitive performance. The fact that participants already demonstrated a high level of fitness at baseline may explain this result. In conclusion, regardless of a child’s fitness level, it appears that an exercise of moderate intensity improves vigilance and some aspects of information processing. The observed effects appear to last long enough to have a positive impact on classroom learning after a recess or a physical education class.
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Abich, Julian. "Investigating the universality and comprehensive ability of measures to assess the state of workload." Doctoral diss., 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6051.
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Measures of workload have been developed on the basis of the various definitions, some are designed to capture the multi-dimensional aspects of a unitary resource pool (Kahneman, 1973) while others are developed on the basis of multiple resource theory (Wickens, 2002). Although many theory based workload measures exist, others have often been constructed to serve the purpose of specific experimental tasks. As a result, it is likely that not every workload measure is reliable and valid for all tasks, much less each domain. To date, no single measure, systematically tested across experimental tasks, domains, and other measures is considered a universal measure of workload. Most researchers would argue that multiple measures from various categories should be applied to a given task to comprehensively assess workload. The goal for Study 1 to establish task load manipulations for two theoretically different tasks that induce distinct levels of workload assessed by both subjective and performance measures was successful. The results of the subjective responses support standardization and validation of the tasks and demands of that task for investigating workload. After investigating the use of subjective and objective measures of workload to identify a universal and comprehensive measure or set of measures, based on Study 2, it can only be concluded that not one or a set of measures exists. Arguably, it is not to say that one will never be conceived and developed, but at this time, one does not reside in the psychometric catalog. Instead, it appears that a more suitable approach is to customize a set of workload measures based on the task. The novel approach of assessing the sensitivity and comprehensive ability of conjointly utilizing subjective, performance, and physiological workload measures for theoretically different tasks within the same domain contributes to the theory by laying the foundation for improving methodology for researching workload. The applicable contribution of this project is a stepping-stone towards developing complex profiles of workload for use in closed-loop systems, such as human-robot team interaction. Identifying the best combination of workload measures enables human factors practitioners, trainers, and task designers to improve methodology and evaluation of system designs, training requirements, and personnel selection.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling & Simulation; Engineering
Books on the topic "Cognitive functions and EEG changes"
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Gaetz, Michael B., and Kelly J. Jantzen. Electroencephalography. Edited by Ruben Echemendia and Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.006.
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Axonal injury is currently considered to be the structural substrate behind most concussion-related neurological dysfunction. Because the principal generators of EEG fields are graded excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons, the EEG is well suited for characterizing large-scale functional disruptions associated with concussion induced metabolic and neurochemical changes, and for connecting those disruptions to deficits in behavior and cognition. This essay provides an overview of the use of EEG and newly developed analytical procedures for the measurement of functional impairment related to sport concussion. Elevations in delta and theta activity can be expected in a percentage of athletes and change in asymmetry and coherence may also be present. Newer techniques are likely to be of critical importance for understanding the anatomical and physiological basis of cognitive deficits and may provide additional insight into susceptibility to future injury. Computational modeling may advance our understanding of concussion.
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Gable, Philip A., Matthew W. Miller, and Edward M. Bernat, eds. The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192898340.001.0001.
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Abstract The use of electroencephalography (EEG) to study the human mind has seen tremendous growth across a vast array of disciplines due to increased ease of use and affordability of the technology. Typically, researchers study how the magnitude of the waves changes over time or how the rhythm (frequency) of the waves changes over time. The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency is arguably the first work to comprehensively describe the ways to study how the frequency of the waves changes over time and how changes in frequency are linked to cognitive, affective, and motor processes. Consisting of 23 chapters written by leading authorities in the field, this work is separated into three sections, with the first focusing on the basics of EEG frequency research, linking frequency analyses to core components of EEG research with event-related potential (ERP) components and local field potentials (LFPs) in non-human animals. The second section looks at specific EEG frequency components that are commonly studied using traditional frequency bands of activity to study specific psychological processes. Finally, the third section explores EEG frequency analyses in special populations and altered states. Each chapter provides a diverse perspective on the topic, giving readers the opportunity to learn about a vast array of methods to conduct EEG frequency analyses, from ‘traditional’ to cutting-edge techniques, providing a comprehensive and in-depth overview of electroencephalography (EEG).
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Abrams, Gary M. Parathyroid, Adrenal, Gonadal, and Pituitary Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0187.
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Endocrine disorders can cause diverse changes in cognition and affect as well as changes in neuromuscular function that may simulate primary neurologic disease, and they generally require a specialized endocrine workup to make a diagnosis. For example, hypoparathyroidism, which may be congenital (e.g., DiGeorge syndrome or Kearns-Sayre syndrome) or disease-acquired (e.g., autoimmune hypoparathyroidism) can present as neuromuscular irritability or tetany due to hypocalcemia, the most distinctive features, which may manifest as carpopedal spasm or laryngospasm. Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia and is usually due to oversecretion of PTH by a solitary adenoma of the parathyroid glands. This chapter covers most common primary endocrine disorders that can present as neurological disorders.
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Abrahams, Sharon, and Christopher Crockford. Cognitive and behavioural dysfunction in ALS and its assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0008.
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Cognitive and behavioural dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) occurs in up to half of patients with a spectrum from ALS with no cognitive or behavioural impairment to ALS with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). ~ 15% have a full blown ALS-FTD syndrome, while ~ 35% show milder and specific deficits on verbal fluency, executive and language functions and social cognition. Patients may show a behavioural syndrome that ranges from mild specific difficulties to changes that fulfil diagnostic criteria for behavioural variant-FTD. Apathy is the most prevalent symptom, but disinhibition, perseveration, loss of sympathy/empathy, and change in eating behaviour are also described. The importance of assessment is increasingly recognized. A distinction is made between brief assessment tools useful within ALS clinics and more extensive neuropsychological assessment by a qualified clinical neuropsychologist. Newly developed assessments specifically designed for ALS are available and will make valuable contribution to clinical care.
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Hagoort, Peter, ed. Human Language. The MIT Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10841.001.0001.
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A unique overview of the human language faculty at all levels of organization. Language is not only one of the most complex cognitive functions that we command, it is also the aspect of the mind that makes us uniquely human. Research suggests that the human brain exhibits a language readiness not found in the brains of other species. This volume brings together contributions from a range of fields to examine humans' language capacity from multiple perspectives, analyzing it at genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and linguistic levels. In recent decades, advances in computational modeling, neuroimaging, and genetic sequencing have made possible new approaches to the study of language, and the contributors draw on these developments. The book examines cognitive architectures, investigating the functional organization of the major language skills; learning and development trajectories, summarizing the current understanding of the steps and neurocognitive mechanisms in language processing; evolutionary and other preconditions for communication by means of natural language; computational tools for modeling language; cognitive neuroscientific methods that allow observations of the human brain in action, including fMRI, EEG/MEG, and others; the neural infrastructure of language capacity; the genome's role in building and maintaining the language-ready brain; and insights from studying such language-relevant behaviors in nonhuman animals as birdsong and primate vocalization. Section editorsChristian F. Beckmann, Carel ten Cate, Simon E. Fisher, Peter Hagoort, Evan Kidd, Stephen C. Levinson, James M. McQueen, Antje S. Meyer, David Poeppel, Caroline F. Rowland, Constance Scharff, Ivan Toni, Willem Zuidema
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Lis, Stefanie, Nicole E. Derish, and M. Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez. Social Cognition in Personality Disorders. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0009.
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Changes in social cognition are increasingly recognized as core illness features in the personality disorders with a broad impact on social functioning. Despite the significant disability caused by social cognitive dysfunction, treatments for this symptom dimension tailored to the specific deficits of a disorder are still missing. This chapter characterizes the different domains of social cognitive processing and describes different approaches and instruments for measuring impairments. It provides a short overview of the evidence demonstrating changes in social cognition in schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial and avoidant personality disorder, as well as the neurobiology of social cognition. During the recent past the number of studies addressing this topic increased tremendously. Nevertheless, research in this area is still young and requires approaches that study these functions while emphasizing the social context and associate deficits observed in experimental paradigms with interpersonal dysfunction during every-day life.
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Armstrong, Richard. Dementia. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0228.
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Dementia is a syndrome defined by a persistent, progressive decline in multiple cognitive functions to a degree sufficient to detrimentally impact activities of daily living and social function. The syndromic diagnosis of dementia is useful, since the general management and economic burden of these patients remains similar, irrespective of etiology. However, a more precise etiological diagnosis must be sought, since disease-specific treatment is increasingly likely to be appropriate. The term ‘mild cognitive impairment’ (MCI) refers to an objective impairment in a cognitive function (usually memory) which does not impair activities of daily living. The aim underlying the use of this term is to identify those with the early pathophysiological changes of neurodegenerative disease. Nonetheless, ‘MCI’ is not synonymous with ‘early dementia’, as a significant proportion of those with MCI will not worsen. The term should therefore be used cautiously.
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Ribary, Urs, Alex L. MacKay, Alexander Rauscher, Christine M. Tipper, Deborah E. Giaschi, Todd S. Woodward, Vesna Sossi, et al. Emerging neuroimaging technologies: Toward future personalized diagnostics, prognosis, targeted intervention, and ethical challenges. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0002.
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The human brain is a fine-tuned and balanced structural, functional, and dynamic electrochemical system. Any alterations, from slight slowing of partial brain networks to severe disruptions in structural, functional, and dynamic connectivity across local and large-scale brain networks will result in slight to severe changes in cognitive ability, awareness, and consciousness. Using future noninvasive technologies, the common goal is to relate typical or atypical resting-state, sensory-motor functions, cognition, and consciousness to underlying typical or altered quantified brain structure, biochemistry, pathways, functional brain networks, and connectivity. This will pose enormous ethical challenges of quantitative diagnostic and prognostic strategies in future neurologic and psychiatric clinical practice.
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Goodkind, Madeleine S., and Amit Etkin. Functional Neurocircuitry and Neuroimaging Studies of Anxiety Disorders. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0034.
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Anxiety and fear serve adaptive functions and include wide-ranging subjective, physiological, behavioral, and cognitive responses. When these reactions are present chronically, and to a heightened degree that generalizes to signals beyond those that are objectively dangerous, one sees emergence of clinical anxiety disorders. Historically, anxiety disorders have been conceptualized as disruptions in fear processing, though more recent accounts also highlight changes in emotional reactivity beyond fear and deficits in emotion regulation. In this chapter, we review the neural circuitry relevant for fear processing and for emotional reactivity and regulation more broadly. We then review neuroimaging studies of social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. We highlight areas of overlap between disorders as well as disorder-specific perturbations.
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Cutting, James E. Movies on Our Minds. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197567777.001.0001.
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Why do we enjoy popular movies? This book explores perceptual, cognitive, and emotional reasons for our engagement. It considers effects of camera lenses and the layout of images. It outlines the types of transitions between shots, and it traces their historical functions and changes. It classifies different kinds of shots and the changes in them across a century. It explains the arcs of scenes and how they fit into the larger structure of sequences, and then it explores scene- and sequence-like units that have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. It then breaks movies into larger, roughly half-hour parts and provides psychological evidence for them. Finally, it explores the rhythms of whole movies, first observing the flow of physical changes—shot durations, luminance, motion, and clutter—as it has developed over time, and then how cinematic polyrhythms have come to match aspects of those in the human body. Overall, this book focuses on how the narration, the manner in which the story is told, has come to reinforce the structure of the narrative, the story proper. It uses several hundred popular movies released over a century and embeds its exploration in discussions of evolution, culture, and technological change. The changes in movies have contributed to viewers’ engagement by sustaining attention, promoting understanding of the narrative, heightening emotional commitment, and fostering their felt presence in the story. Examples of cinematic effects in particular movies are given at every turn.
Book chapters on the topic "Cognitive functions and EEG changes"
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Ciman, Matteo. "iSenseYourPain: Ubiquitous Chronic Pain Evaluation through Behavior-Change Analysis." In Quantifying Quality of Life, 137–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_6.
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AbstractPain is experienced either due to a physical condition, where it represents associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or due to a psychological situation, implying mental suffering, mental torment. Acute pain lasts for a limited amount of time and is provoked by a specific cause, while chronic pain is a long-term condition that drastically decreases quality of life and may affect patients absent from any biological cause. Chronic pain can affect cognitive functions (e.g., reasoning ability, attention, working memory), mood, sleep quality, sexual functions, and overall mental health. Generally, chronic pain therapy requires a multidisciplinary and complex approach. This chapter proposes a system called iSenseYourPain that continuously assesses chronic pain by leveraging ubiquitous sensor-based behavior assessment techniques. Based on findings from previous research and focusing on qualitative and quantitative assessment of patients’ behavior over time, the iSenseYourPain system is designed to automatically collect data from ubiquitous and everyday smart devices and identify pain-based behavior changes (e.g., changes in sleep duration and social interactions). It facilitates the providing of immediate assistance for pain and discomfort reduction by informing relatives and medical staff of the likelihood of potentially critical health situations. The overall goal of the iSenseYourPain system is to identify pain-related behavior changes in an accurate and timely manner in order to support patients and physicians, allowing the latter to have constant and accurate data on the patient’s condition.
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Pundziene, Asta, Richard Adams, Dietmar Grichnik, and Christine Volkmann. "Artificiality and Sustainability in Entrepreneurship. Exploring the Unforeseen and Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future." In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11371-0_1.
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AbstractThis edited collection explores the past, present, and future of artificiality and sustainability in entrepreneurship, the unforeseen consequences, and how to head forward to a sustainable future. First, we integrate the concepts of entrepreneurship and artificiality. We propose that entrepreneurs produce artefacts of entrepreneurship—new ventures, entrepreneurial firms, etc.—that have functions and goals set to respond to the conditions of the diverse environments in which they operate. Second, we contend that the prevailing technological environment can be perceived as an artefact that significantly impacts entrepreneurs, new ventures, and entrepreneurial firms. Digital technologies effectuated new forms of ventures such as born-digital and transformed incumbents to adopt them. Digital technologies come with virtualising our everyday environments and induce behavioral and cognitive changes, which call for new capabilities, e.g., dynamic capabilities. Finally, we conclude with further research questions to be addressed by the entrepreneurship, technology management and sustainability scholars.
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Fujiwara, Masayuki, Takashi Hashimoto, Guanhong Li, Jiro Okuda, Takeshi Konno, Kazuyuki Samejima, and Junya Morita. "Changes in Phase Synchronization of EEG During Development of Symbolic Communication Systems." In Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics (VI), 327–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8854-4_41.
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Streifler, M. B., M. Simanyi, P. Fischer, and W. Danielczyk. "EEG- and cognitive changes in Alzheimer’s disease — a correlative follow-up study." In Key Topics in Brain Research, 447–58. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3396-5_52.
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Darkhovsky, Boris S., Alexandra Piryatinska, Yuri A. Dubnov, Alexey Y. Popkov, and Alexander Y. Kaplan. "Complexity of Continuous Functions and Novel Technologies for Classification of Multi-channel EEG Records." In Advances in Neural Computation, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Research IV, 137–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60577-3_15.
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Suh, Young-A., Jung Hwan Kim, and Man-Sung Yim. "The Effect of Alcohol-Use and Sleep Deprivation on Quantitative Changes in EEG for Normal Young Adults During Multitasking Evaluation." In Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering, 113–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94866-9_11.
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Parthasarathy, P. K., Archana Mantri, Amit Mittal, and Praveen Kumar. "Digital Brain Building a Key to Improve Cognitive Functions by an EEG–Controlled Videogames as Interactive Learning Platform." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 241–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6981-8_20.
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Laurence, Paulo Guirro, Katerina Lukasova, Marcus Vinicius C. Alves, and Elizeu Coutinho de Macedo. "What Our Eyes Can Tell Us About Our Social and Affective Brain?" In Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction, 271–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08651-9_16.
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AbstractThe eyes are windows to the soul. This phrase present in the common sense popularly expresses that it is possible to deeply understand people’s minds just by how their eyes behave. This assumption is not that far from reality. Analyzing the eyes of subjects, researchers have answered questions of how people think, remember, pay attention, recognize each other, and many other theoretical and empirical ones. Recently, with the advancement of research in social and affective neuroscience, researchers are starting to look at human interactions and how the individuals’ eyes can relate to their behaviors and cognitive functions in social contexts. To measure individuals’ gaze, a machinery specialized in recording eye movements and pupillary diameter changes is used: a device known as an eye tracker.
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Wallace, Tracey D., and John T. Morris. "SwapMyMood: User-Centered Design and Development of a Mobile App to Support Executive Function." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 259–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_31.
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AbstractThis paper describes the research and development of the SwapMyMood smartphone application designed to support use of evidence-based executive function strategies by people with traumatic brain injury. Executive dysfunction is a common sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in diminished cognitive-behavioral functioning. Problem-solving and emotion regulation are cognitive-behavioral functions that are often disrupted by changes in the executive control system. SwapMyMood is an electronic version of the Executive Plus/STEP program, a set of clinical techniques taught to people living with brain injury to help them 1) identify and implement solutions to problems encountered in daily life and 2) to utilize the emotion cycle to understand and regulate emotional responses to these problems. The Executive Plus/STEP program has until now relied on paper-based instruction and use. Input from target users – people with brain injury and clinical professionals who teach this program to their patients – has contributed to key refinements of features and functioning of the mobile app. Data gathered from target user participation in the user-centered design process are presented. Future directions for ongoing development of technologies to support executive function strategies are also discussed.
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Caruso, Bruno, and Loredana Zappalà. "Un diritto del lavoro ‘tridimensionale’: valori e tecniche di fronte ai mutamenti dei luoghi di lavoro." In Studi e saggi, 29–79. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-484-7.06.
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The essay analyses the changes in labour law by examining working places’ modifications induced by the most meaningful driver: technology. In this perspective, the authors point out three macro scenarios. The first relates to industry 4.0 and to the notion of “cognitive enterprise”. This could, or should, act as a magnet model considering its social and organizational positive consequences. The second is the traditional work organization re-considered in the light of new technologies’ impact; it generates a kind of neo digital Fordism, as does the Amazon model in the logistic sector. The third scenario is linked to the rise of the gig economic, with its “workers on tap” (i.e. the platform economy with the algorithm as a boss). These different scenarios, even if characterised by blurred borders, imply the need to think of Labour law differently than in the past. Beyond its traditional protective function, there should be a promotional one, aimed at developing capabilities and positive liberties of the person in the workplace. In the face of this three-fold dimension of the workplaces and of the expansion of Labour law functions, it is also necessary to rethink its techniques and principles. In that sense, the authors propose a different regulatory perspective: no more rigid and uniform rules, as happened in the “short century”, but a regulation made by differentiation, adaptations, extensions, dilutions. With a unifying value: the reference to the individual, to her/his life project, and ultimately to her/his dignity.
Conference papers on the topic "Cognitive functions and EEG changes"
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Ogorodnov, D. M., S. A. Evdokimov, and Yu D. Kropotov. "The research of neuroplasticity by the Visual Continuous Performance Tasks in teaching by the method of complex music and vocal education." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-156-159.
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The Methodology of Comprehensive Music and Vocal Education (CMVE) is a powerful pedagogical instrument which helps a person's to improve its voice and musicality. Because several zones, such is auditory, somatosensory, motor (mainly due to the inclusion of hands and speech motor apparatus) and visual are actively involved, which is active contributes to a change in the picture of the dominant centers of the cortex, stimulates and develops such cognitive functions as attention, speech, memory, praxis. Neuroplasticity is closely related to music education, as indicated, for example, by such work as G. Schlaug, which explains some of the sensorimotor and cognitive improvements associated with music education. This allows us to assume and test the effects of neuroplasticity when working according to the CMVE method, which also uses different modalities. To investigate event-related potentials, the authors use a two-stimulus selective attention test (VCPT Go / NoGo test).
Key words: EEG, ERP, VCPT-task, musical-vocal education by D.E. Ogorodnov.
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Spender, Roderick, T. Claire Davies, and Shane D. Pinder. "Detecting Changes in Cognitive Load Through Audified EEG." In TENCON 2021 - 2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon54134.2021.9707229.
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Kuc, Alexander, Vadim Grubov, Vladimir Maksimenko, and Vladimir Makarov. "Estimating elementary cognitive functions based on EEG signals analysis." In 2020 4th Scientific School on Dynamics of Complex Networks and their Application in Intellectual Robotics (DCNAIR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcnair50402.2020.9216795.
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Samatova, Kamila, Anastasia Titova, Alexei Varegnikov, and Anastasiya E. Runnova. "The spatial changes in the EEG during odors impacts." In Computations and Data Analysis: from Molecular Processes to Brain Functions, edited by Dmitry E. Postnov. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2590866.
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Eroglu, Gunet, Serap Aydin, Mujdat Cetin, and Selim Balcisoy. "Improving cognitive functions of dyslexies using multi-sensory learning and EEG neurofeedback." In 2018 26th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2018.8404711.
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Asan, Doina, and Mirela Ionita. "THE LUDIC COMPONENT IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VERBAL INTERACTIONS." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-230.
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A verbal interaction is defined as a eurhystic method of learning. In artificial intelligence verbal interactions for teaching purposes, the ludic component may play the role of a catalyst in the process of knowledge acquisition. This variation from the purely cognitive standard may lend itself to different functions within the learning process, e.g. from providing tension relief between successive steps, or unusual memorizing solutions, to innovative ways of reinforcing knowledge, or from devising distractors for the evaluation stage, to certain unconventional learning strategies. The efficiency of the ludic element in didactic verbal interactions is unquestionable, and it can be achieved at any learning stage, as well as various levels of depth, e.g. from the stylistic, to the structural one. Within the interpersonal communication for teaching purposes, the pleasure of playing the game has already been acknowledged as an important element that supports the learning process. This paper tries to examine the ludic element within the process of e-learning, where changes in the nature and relationship between the participants in verbal interactions for teaching purposes highlight surprising aspects of educational impact on the human- artificial intelligence communication. The application part includes a brief analysis of the ludic elements, detectable in the process of learning foreign languages by means of commercially available software, both at the linguistic elementary level, as well as the structural one, in the design of the various types of exercises. The typology of didactic games will be approached particularly from the viewpoint of the exchange of replies in the register of diversion. The advantages, as well as potential disfunctions will be examined, less from the viewpoint of the unknown vocabulary, which can possibly cause involuntary, unintentional humour, but starting from the different perception of the ludic elements, depending on the cultural differences between the producers and the beneficiaries of the educational software for foreign language learning.
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Rahman, Labiblais, and Katsunori Oyama. "Long-Term Monitoring of NIRS and EEG Signals for Assessment of Daily Changes in Emotional Valence." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Computing (ICCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccc.2018.00026.
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Popova, Margarita, Alesya Akimova, Elena Grinina, and Maxim O. Zhuravlev. "The study of changes in EEG activity in spatial tasks in disabilities children in primary school." In Computations and Data Analysis: from Molecular Processes to Brain Functions, edited by Dmitry E. Postnov. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2590854.
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Suhail, T. A., K. P. Indiradevi, E. M. Suhara, Suresh A. Poovathinal, and Ayyappan Anitha. "Performance Analysis of Mother Wavelet Functions and Thresholding Methods for Denoising EEG Signals during Cognitive Tasks." In 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picc51425.2020.9362377.
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AlShorman, Omar, Mahmoud Masadeh, Abdelhadi Alzyoud, Md Belal Bin Heyat, Faijan Akhtar, and Rishipal. "The Effects of Emotional Stress on Learning and Memory Cognitive Functions: An EEG Review Study in Education." In 2020 Sixth International Conference on e-Learning (econf). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/econf51404.2020.9385468.
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