Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognitive distortions'
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1
Thrasher, Andrew J. "Cognitive distortions of lottery gamblers." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3114805.
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Ramirez, Joanna. "Cognitive distortions in adolescents with substance-related disorders /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004362.
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MacGillivray, Richard G. "The influence of cognitive processing style on cognitive distortions in clinical depression." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5286.
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Tong, Mun-yee Eva. "Cognitive distortions of adult sex offenders in hong kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29727558.
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Gannon, Theresa Ann. "Cognitive distortions in child sexual offenders : fact or fiction?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270552.
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Torres, Cristian, and Cristian Torres@act gov au. "Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031107.130315.
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Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Youngs early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Two hundred and ninety one participants completed questionnaires measuring primary and secondary psychopathy, overt and covert narcissism, and early maladaptive schemas. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire. The current analysis identified a two-factor structure to the schema questionnaire, rather than the previously stated 5-factors. Having demonstrated the usefulness of understanding psychopathy and narcissism in cognitive-interpersonal terms, the second study sought to further clarify the association between psychopathy and narcissism through the reconceptualisation of these constructs in cognitive terms, through the identification of the cognitive distortions operative in each disorder. One hundred and thirty two participants completed a cognitive distortions questionnaire developed by the author, along with the same measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, and overt and covert narcissism, as those administered in study 1. Findings were interpreted as providing support for the notion of psychopathy representing a sub-category of narcissism. Findings also provide further supportive evidence for the validity of the primary / secondary psychopathy, and overt / covert narcissism distinctions. The further clarification of the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire, and the replication of the reliability and construct validity of the measure of cognitive distortions developed for this research are highlighted as areas for future research.
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Butterworth, Jillian. "Cognitive Distortions of child sex offenders in a South African Sample." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2808_1256712698.
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This study focused on the cognitive distortions of child sex offenders in a South African sample. Child sex offenders aer a heterogenous group but share some similarities. Firstly, the majority of child sex offenders are male. Secondly their sexual attraction to children seems to be influenced to some degree by their thoughts around child sex offending, and the world in general.
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Lugris, Veronica Maria. "Vicarious traumatization in therapists contributing factors, PTSD symptomatology, and cognitive distortions /." Full text available online (restricted access), 2000. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/lugris.pdf.
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Vanny, Kathryn. "Problematic sexual behaviour and intellectual disability: empathy deficits and cognitive distortions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28137.
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Aim. The main aim of this study was to compare two groups of men with an
intellectual disability (ID), those who have displayed problematic sexual
behaviour (PSB) and those with no reported history of PSB, on three concepts
associated with PSB and sexual offending, namely empathy, cognitive distortions,
and theory of mind. A further aim was to identify whether a difference exists
between general empathy and victim empathy in the PSB group. In addition, the
study aimed to examine the relationship between empathy and cognitive
distortions, and to provide, if possible, empirical evidence to link theory of mind
deficits, empathy deficits and cognitive distortions among the PSB group.
Subsequently, empirical evidence collated from the present study was interpreted
using the pathway model, and thus, provided support for the theoretical
framework which attempted to explain PSB amongindividuals with ID.
Method. This thesis describes a comparative study in which 18 male adults with
ID who displayed PSB were compared with 18 male adults with [D who did not
display PSB. All participants completed the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test,
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Bryant’s Index of Empathy, modified
versions of Victim Empathy Scale (VES), Questionnaire on Attitudes Consistent
with Sex Offending (QACSO) and two theory of mind tasks.
Results. Men with ID who displayed PSB were characterised by a history of
sexual victimisation, family dysfunction, poor social skills and unemployment.
There was no significant difference in scores for the PSB group and comparison
group on Bryant’s Index of Empathy, a measure of global empathy. Similarly, the
two groups did not differ significantly on empathy expressed towards a victim of
physical assault. However, there was a significantly lower level of victim
empathy reported by the PSB group towards a victim of sexual assault than was
found in the comparison group. Further, the PSB group reported significantly
greater sexually deviant attitudes and beliefs with regard to specific themes which
included rape, attitudes towards women, and paedophilia, as measured by the
QACSO. There was a positive correlation between victim empathy and cognitive
distortions which indicated that cognitive distortions may impact upon deficits in
empathy. No significant differences were found between the two groups on two
first-order theory of mind tasks.
Conclusions. The results of the present study provided empirical evidence to
suggest that important characteristics of men with ID who have displayed PSB
were: victimisation, social skills deficits and cognitive distortions. Further, these
identified cognitive distortions represented underlying implicit theories directed at
victims of sexual assault, which influenced empathy deficits. Consequently, the
pathway model was a constructive model in interpretation of the results. Overall,
the present study provided several significant clinical implications for the area of
PSB and ID.
10
Blount, Matthew Raymond. "Antisocial Behavior: Roles of Self-Serving Cognitive Distortions and Ventromedial Prefrontal Function." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342472637.
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Fischback, Liam J. "Exploring the Moderating Effect of Cognitive Autonomy on the Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Youth’s Externalizing Behaviors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7292.
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Scholars have connected cognitive distortions to adolescents’ externalizing behaviors. Other scholars have offered that higher levels of cognitive autonomy, which develops during adolescence, may be a protective factor for problem behaviors in adolescence. To date, no studies have explored how these two cognitive processes function and potentially interact to predict adolescent problem behaviors. This study’s purpose was to see if cognitive autonomy affected the relationship between cognitive distortions and externalizing behaviors in a clinical population of adolescents. Past research has suggested that cognitive distortions are greater and more prevalent in clinical populations. Because of this, the processes of cognitive autonomy could be affected by cognitive distortions (that can form prior to adolescence), and worsen the relationship between cognitive distortions and externalizing behaviors. This study analyzed 146 adolescents, from a residential treatment facility. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine if links between cognitive distortions, cognitive autonomy, and externalizing behaviors existed, and to determine if elements of cognitive autonomy affected the relationship between cognitive distortions and externalizing behaviors. As expected, analyses showed that cognitive distortions and externalizing behaviors were related. Additionally, results indicated that aspects of cognitive autonomy were protective of externalizing behaviors. Results did not reveal that cognitive autonomy affected the relationship between cognitive distortions and externalizing behaviors. Discussion highlights potential reasons and alternative explanations for the results that were inconsistent with expectations. Limitations and future directions also are discussed.
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Young, Audrey Susan. "The assessment of cognitive distortions in children and adolescents with conduct disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26063.
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In recent years, studies have focused on the involvement of socio-cognitive factors in the maintenance of conduct disorder. This present study drew on three main areas of research in this field. Firstly, Dodge's (1986) model which described a sequence of steps involved in information-processing in social interactions. Secondly, Felner's et al (1990) model which incorporates a number of skills including cognitive abilities under the umbrella of social competence. Finally and more specifically, the research on the cognitions of children who display psychopathology was used, especially focusing on the distinctions made between deficits and distortions (thinking errors) in information processing. The aim of this study was to examine thinking errors that may be present in children with conduct disorder in comparison with a control group. It was hypothesised that conduct disordered children would produce thoughts that represented certain thinking errors in information processing that subsequently may be a potential factor in the maintenance of the disorder. The main measure which was specifically developed, was an attempt to access children's thoughts in response to certain situations which they watched enacted on video. Felner's model proposed a relationship between cognitive abilities and positive mental health so a measure of self-esteem was included. A measure of self-efficacy for committing or inhibiting aggressive acts was also used to consider the relationship between this factor, thinking errors and self-esteem. The validity of the assessment measure was also discussed and the implication of the results for the treatment of conduct disorder.
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Bruno, Talino. "What are they thinking? : cognitive distortions and adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19461.
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Cognitive distortions have been linked to both externalizing and internalizing problems in children and adults, but very few studies have explicitly examined this link in a community-based sample of adolescents. The relation of self-debasing (cognitions which are inaccurate and debase the self) and self-serving (cognitions which protect an individual from self-censure) cognitive distortions to self- and teacher-reported internalizing, externalizing, and co-occurring problems was investigated. The sample consisted of 182 males and 207 females aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.29, SD = 1.01). Externalizing and internalizing problems were measured using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Teacher’s Report Form (TRF). Self-debasing distortions were measured using the Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CNCEQ), and self-serving distortions measured using the How I Think Questionnaire (HIT). A series of correlational analyses revealed that self-serving cognitive distortions were significantly associated with externalizing problems, and self-debasing cognitive distortions were significantly associated with internalizing problems. A unique statistical approach, the Relative Pratt Index (RPI; Thomas, Hughes, & Zumbo, 1998), was used in this study to measure the relative importance of predictor variables in a series of hierarchical regression analyses. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses and subsequent RPI indicated that self-serving and self-debasing cognitive distortions were the most important significant predictors, relative to the other variables in the model, of externalizing and internalizing problems, respectively. The specific self-serving cognitive distortions of assuming the worst, minimizing/mislabeling, and self-centered were found to be the most important significant predictors, relative to the other variables in the model, of externalizing problems. The specific self-debasing cognitive distortions of overgeneralizing and catastrophizing were the most important significant predictors, relative to the other variables in the model, of internalizing problems. The results of this study revealed large associations and high specificity between cognitive distortions and internalizing, and externalizing problems in a sample of community-based adolescents. Implications of the findings for intervention and prevention are discussed.
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Cox, Magdalene. "An investigation of thought-shape fusion in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and dieting." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367398.
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DURÃES, RICARDO SILVA DOS SANTOS. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE DISTORÇÕES COGNITIVAS EM CASAIS E INTERVENÇÃO COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAL." Universidade Metodista de Sao Paulo, 2016. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1600.
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Automatic thoughts, emotions, behaviors and physiological responses have relationships with each other and are directly linked to the attribution of the causes, beliefs, values, attitudes and expectations in the relationship of couples and are associated with marital satisfaction and psychological distress. The aim of this study was to identify cognitive distortions couples and intervene from cognitive-behavioral therapy and increase levels of marital satisfaction. The sample consisted of 16 heteroafetivos couples, Brazilian, 18 years, literate and at least one year of marriage. Thus, the average age of the sample was 30.4 (SD=4,13) years and the majority (37.5%) reported having completed high school. The following instruments were used: Marital Satisfaction Scale (ESC); Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS); Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI); Marital Social Skills Inventory (IHSC); Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ); Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (EAD); Back Depression Inventory - (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) applied before and after cognitive behavioral intervention, and a Questionnaire Sociodemographic. In the procedure, the couples came by 12 therapy sessions for 50-minutes weekly with cognitive-behavioral approach. Only the second session was individual. However, the first and the other sessions were combined. The results discloused as the most frenquentes cognitive distortions have the Mind Reading 34.4% (n = 11) and Hipergeneralization 31.3% (n = 10). In terms of final considerations it was observed that the cognitive behavioral intervention showed its effective, and then, corroborating improvement in marital satisfaction of most couples. Thus, the correlations of paired samples showed statistical significance (p=0,00) in the improvement of the levels of marital satisfaction, depression, anxiety, marital social skills and automatic thought compared to before and after the intervention.
Os pensamentos automáticos, as emoções, os comportamentos e as respostas fisiológicas têm relações entre si e estão diretamente ligados às atribuição das causas, crenças, valores, atitudes e expectativas na relação dos casais e estão associados à satisfação conjugal e sofrimento psíquico. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar distorções cognitivas em casais e intervir a partir da terapia cognitivo-comportamental e aumentar os níveis de satisfação conjugal. A amostra foi composta por 16 casais heteroafetivos, brasileiros, maiores de 18 anos, alfabetizados e com no mínimo um ano de união. Assim, a idade média da amostra foi de 30,4 (DP=4,13) anos e a maioria (37,5%) relatou ter ensino médio completo. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Satisfação Conjugal (ESC); Escala de Ajustamento Diádico (DAS); Inventário de Crença Sobre Relacionamento (RBI); Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais (IHSC); Questionário de Pensamentos Automáticos (ATQ); Escala de Atitudes Disfuncionais (EAD); Inventário Back de Depressão – (BDI) e Inventário Beck de Ansiedade (BAI) aplicados antes e depois da intervenção cognitivo comportamental, além de um Questionário Sociodemográfico. Quanto ao procedimento, os casais passaram por 12 sessões de terapia de 50 minutos com base cognitivo-comportamental. Somente a segunda sessão foi individual. No entanto, a primeira e as demais sessões foram conjuntas. Os resultados mostraram que as distorções cognitivas mais frenquentes foram a Leitura de pensamento 34,4% (n=11) e de hipergeneralização 31,3% (n=10). Foi possível observar que a intervenção cognitivo comportamental se mostou eficaz, corroborando melhora nas satisfação conjugal da maioria dos casais. As correlações de amostras emparelhadas apresentaram significância estatística (p=0,00) na melhora dos níveis de satisfação conjugal, depressão, ansiedade, habilidades sociais conjugais e pensamentos automáticos comparado com o antes e depois da intervenção.
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Dalton, Robert Francis. "Cognitive distortions identified with type and frequency of self-reported substance abuse usage." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133779846.
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Wilson, Kai Erika. "Differences in cognitive distortions between Caucasion and African American male adolescent sexual offenders." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/502.
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The purpose ofthis study was to examine the effects of age of initial sexual orientation and family composition on cognitive distortions among adolescent Caucasian and African American male sexual offenders. This study was based on the assumption that the age of initial sexual orientation and single parent households effect the amount of cognitive distortions present in Caucasian and African American males who have been identified as sexual offenders. Parenting make-up (single parents or married couples) and age of orientation to sexuality were considered the two independent variables in this study. The dependent variable was identified as cognitive distortion. A case study analysis approach was used to analyze data that were obtained from completed Adolescent Cognition Scales and Psychosexual Assessments provided by a clinical social work expert in the field of adolescent sexual offenders. The conclusion drawn from the findingsindicated that there was a weak positive relationship between age of initial sexual orientation and cognitive distortions. The findings further revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between family composition and cognitive distortions and that African American adolescent sexual offenders had a slightly higher degree of cognitive distortions than Caucasian adolescent sexual offenders.
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Bergström, Clara. "Disturbed Eating Patterns and Body Image Distortions : A review." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5142.
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Women in general seem to have a complicated relationship with their bodies and their body image. A small percent of the female population develop a serious pathological eating pattern which is characterized by a disturbed image of body size and shape. This disturbance has been investigated by many researchers and the quest of finding the underlying neural correlates has progressed enormously during the last decade. The relationship between disturbed eating patterns and body image distortions is highly complicated. The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of current research literature and scientific results. The aim is to find a framework for the phenomenon of body image distortions among both healthy and non-healthy women. Differences between genders and how food intake affects body image will also be addressed. The focus lies on behavioral traits and the underlying neural correlates, with focus on both the perceptual and the cognitive-affective component.
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Wood, Eric Riggs Shelley Ann. "Parental bonding, adult romantic attachment, fear of intimacy, and cognitive distortions among child molesters." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3902.
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Wood, Eric. "Parental bonding, adult romantic attachment, fear of intimacy, and cognitive distortions among child molesters." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3902/.
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Path models assessed different models of influential order for parental bonding; adult romantic attachment; views of self, world/others, and the future; the fear of intimacy; and cognitive distortions among child molesters and non-offending controls. Child molesters receiving sex offender treatment reported more problematic parental bonding; insecure adult romantic attachment; negative views of self, world/others, and the future; a greater fear of intimacy, and more cognitive distortions regarding adult-child sex. The predicted path models were not established as the models did not adequately fit the data. However, post hoc logistic regressions indicated that Maternal Optimal Bonding, Preoccupied attachment, and cognitive distortions regarding adult-child sex significantly predicted child molester status. Overall, the findings provide support for a multi-factorial model of child molestation derived from attachment theory. Limitations of the study and areas for future research are also discussed.
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Demos, Stacy A. "The relationship between sensitivity to criticism and cognitive distortions in women suffering from bulimia /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988654.
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Littman, Eric Marshall. "Adaptation to Simultaneous Multi-Dimensional Distortions." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1311961424.
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Barrault, Servane. "Etude des distorsions cognitives, des troubles anxiodépressifs et de la personnalité chez des joueurs pathologiques en ligne et hors ligne : Particularités des joueurs de poker." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H104/document.
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Capuano, Angela M. "Empathy and Cognitive Distortion: Examining Their Relationship with Aggression in Adolescents." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1180535095.
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Capuano, Angela M. "Examining Empathy, Cognitive Distortions, and Social and Physical Aggression in Delinquent and Non-Delinquent Adolescents." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300742375.
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Friesen, Shirley (Shirley Anne Ruth) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Moral development in young offenders; the effect of cognitive distortions on consistency of moral judgements." Ottawa, 1996.
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Whitefield, Elaine. "The effects of cognitive distortions in sex offenders and non-sex offenders with mild learning disabilities." Thesis, Abertay University, 2003. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/20943ca8-d3e7-4337-bcc3-7d716ef33d67.
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Cognitive distortions of sexual offenders with or without learning disabilities are considered to play a vital role in the etiology and maintenance of sexually deviant behaviour. This assumption has driven research to focus on investigating the cognitive content of distorted cognitions held by sexual offenders. Indeed, to facilitate researchers in this quest, attention has focused on trying to develop psychometrically robust instruments to measure distorted cognitions. However, these attempts have met with little success, as current assessment measures fail to address a wide range of sexual attitudes, are not suitable for use on individuals with learning disabilities, are open to social desirability and some are unable to discriminate sexual offenders from normal males. To address these weaknesses a new measure has been developed by Lindsay (unpublished) to assess cognitive distortions among sexual offenders with learning disabilities (i.e. QACSO; Questionnaire on Attitudes Consistent with Sex Offences). This thesis tested the reliability and validity of this new measure. Results found this measure to be a promising clinical and research instrument, with good internal consistency and reliability and discriminative ability. A principle component analysis revealed that 11 of the 13 components were reliable and successfully separated sexual offenders from controls. Results confirmed that sexual offenders with learning disabilities held significantly more distorted cognitions, compared to control groups of non-sexual offenders with learning disabilities, non-offenders with learning disabilities and normal males. To develop understanding of the role cognitive distortions play in sexual offending behaviour it is not enough just to examine the cognitive content, as it is necessary to examine the cognitive processes (i.e. attention) that underlie the initiation, maintenance and justification of sexual deviant behaviour. This would result in better understanding of the cognitive processes that underlie behaviour at all stages of the offence chain and facilitate clinicians’ theoretical and practical ideas when developing suitable treatment programmes. Studies two to six used a number of experimental paradigms to investigate the cognitiveprocesses, and in particular attentional ability, of sexual offenders with learning ldisabilities. Study two investigated if conscious recollection of past events influenced the average time sexual offenders spent viewing pictures of people, compared to objects. Results found that the type of picture did not affect viewing time. To reduce the likelihood of conscious influence masking sexual offenders’ responses, studies three to six employed experimental paradigms that involve attentional ability being affected by prior experiences with no conscious recollection of past events. Results found sexual offenders with learning disabilities’ attentional abilities to be consistent with controls. Failure to obtain significant differences in the attentional abilities of sexual offenders compared to controls does not mean they do not have attentional deficits. Indeed, the methods employed might have been unable to detect any differences. In light of these findings the appropriateness of the methods employed to investigate attentional abilities was discussed and recommendations for future were made.
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McDaniel, Carolyn Morris 1945. "Depressive symptoms and cognitive distortions about food and weight in two clinical groups of women: bulimia nervosa and major depression." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558219.
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Coates, Aubrey A. "Understanding the Impact of Specific Subtypes of Psychological Maltreatment: An Examination of Mechanisms Related to Depressive Symptoms in College Women." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303957413.
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Bloomster, Brent N. "The assessment of coping styles of child molesters and their relationship to specific cognitive distortions, and levels of anxiety and depression /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945744573751.
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Deperrois, Romain. "Troubles psychopathologiques, santé perçue, vulnérabilités cognitives et émotionnelles chez les détenus adultes jeunes et âgés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TOUR2001.
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L'institution carcérale est chargée d'assurer la sanction des auteurs d'infractions condamnés à une peine de privation de liberté, mais également d'en assurer la sécurité et le respect des droits fondamentaux, tout en favorisant leur réinsertion sociale et la lutte contre la récidive. En outre, la prison est investie de la responsabilité d'assurer la prise en charge médico-psychologique des détenus qui nécessite un accompagnement spécialisé. Une mission que l'institution tend aujourd'hui difficilement à accomplir. Plusieurs études nationales et internationales, montrent que l'état de santé mentale des individus détenus est bien plus altéré que celui des individus issus de la population générale. Cependant, peu d'études se sont intéressées aux spécificités cognitives et émotionnelles des détenus. La littérature scientifique en psychologie de la santé et psychopathologie cognitive montre le rôle essentiel que jouent ces processus cognitifs et émotionnels dans l'émergence et le maintien des états psychopathologiques. Ce travail doctoral visait ainsi deux objectifs principaux : 1) Evaluer la manière dont les détenus perçoivent leur état de santé et dont ils évaluent certaines dimensions du bien-être psychologique, selon leur âge et leur statut de récidive. Ainsi, une première étude a été menée auprès de détenus adultes jeunes et âgés qui ont renseigné des échelles de santé perçue (NHP, échelle analogique de santé mentale), d'estime de soi (échelle de Rosenberg) et d'investissement corporel (BIS). 2) Evaluer le rôle des processus cognitivo-émotionnels transdiagnostiques impliqués dans l'émergence et le maintien des états psychopathologiques en détention. Ainsi, une deuxième étude s'intéresse aux liens entre les dimensions du construit d'impulsivité et la production de distorsions cognitives. Les participants, des jeunes adultes détenus et un groupe de comparaison issu de la population générale, ont renseigné une échelle d'impulsivité (UPPS) et d'évaluation des distorsions cognitives (EDC-A). Une troisième étude porte sur le type et la nature des stratégies de régulation cognitive des émotions en lien avec la symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. Les participants, des jeunes adultes détenus et un groupe de comparaison issu de la population générale, ont complété des questionnaires et échelles sur la régulation cognitive des émotions (CERQ) et la symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive (HADS). Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence que les détenus quel que soit leur âge perçoivent leur état de santé plus dégradé que les individus du même âge issu de la population générale. Par ailleurs, on observe des spécificités liées à l'âge en détention. En effet, les problèmes de santé perçus par les détenus jeunes sont principalement associés à des préoccupations liées au corps, alors qu'ils sont davantage liés à des préoccupations psychologiques et mentales chez les détenus âgés. Par ailleurs, les individus en situation de récidive se caractérisent par une perception accrue de difficultés émotionnelles et une meilleure santé mentale perçue. Les résultats obtenus indiquent deuxièmement que les détenus présentent significativement plus de distorsions cognitives, notamment négatives. Il apparait également chez les détenus que les dimensions de l'impulsivité sont globalement positivement corrélés avec les distorsions positives et négatives. Néanmoins, un effet modérateur significatif de la durée de détention sur ces relations met en évidence leur atténuation avec le temps passé en prison. Parallèlement, afin de réguler leurs émotions négatives, il apparait que les détenus utilisent davantage la dramatisation et la centration positive que les individus de la population générale. Enfin, les résultats mettent en évidence des profils de régulation cognitive spécifiques et distincts selon le type et l'intensité de la symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive, en population carcérale et en population généralePrisons are responsible not only for punishing offenders sentenced to deprivation of liberty, but also for ensuring their safety and respect for fundamental rights, while promoting their social reintegration and combating recidivism. Prisons are also responsible for the medical and psychological care of prisoners who require specialized assistance. This is a mission that the institution is currently having difficulty fulfilling. A number of national and international studies have shown that the mental health of prisoners is much worse than that of the general population. However, few studies have focused on the cognitive and emotional specificities of prisoners. The scientific literature in health psychology and cognitive psychopathology shows the essential role played by these cognitive and emotional processes in the emergence and maintenance of psychopathological states. This doctoral project had two main objectives: 1) To assess how prisoners perceive their health status and how they rate certain dimensions of psychological well-being, according to their age and recidivism status. An initial study was carried out with young and elderly adult prisoners, who completed scales of perceived health (NHP, Mental Health Analog Scale), self-esteem (Rosenberg scale) and body investment (BIS). 2) To assess the role of transdiagnostic cognitive-emotional processes involved in the emergence and maintenance of psychopathological states in detention. A second study examined the links between dimensions of the impulsivity construct and the production of cognitive distortions. Participants, young adults in detention and a comparison group from the general population, completed an impulsivity scale (UPPS) and a cognitive distortions assessment scale (EDC-A).A third study examined the type and nature of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in relation to anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Participants, young adults in prison and a comparison group from the general population, completed questionnaires and scales on cognitive emotion regulation (CERQ) and anxiety and depressive symptomatology (HADS).The results show that prisoners of all ages perceive their state of health to be worse than that of individuals of the same age from the general population. In addition, there are age-related specificities. Indeed, health problems perceived by young inmates are mainly associated with body-related concerns, whereas they are more closely linked to psychological and mental concerns among older inmates. Furthermore, individuals in a situation of recidivism are characterized by a greater perception of emotional difficulties and better perceived mental health. Secondly, the results indicate that inmates display significantly more cognitive distortions, particularly negative ones. Impulsivity was also found to be positively correlated with positive and negative distortions. Nevertheless, a significant moderating effect of the length of detention on these relationships highlights their attenuation with time spent in prison. At the same time, in order to regulate their negative emotions, it appears that prisoners make greater use of dramatization and positive centration than individuals from the general population. Finally, the results highlight specific and distinct cognitive regulation profiles according to the type and intensity of anxiety and depressive symptomatology, in the prison population and in the general population
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Monaghan, Genevieve. "Exploring Distorted Thinking About Food and Dietary Misinformation in Nonclinical Samples: Instrument and Intervention Development and Validation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36895.
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Distorted thinking about food is common in both clinical and nonclinical populations from dieters to diabetics and eating disorder patients. This type of thinking is triggered by exposure to dieting culture (including related social media), familial dieting, and internalization of the thin ideal, among other factors. The consequences of distorted thinking about food include disordered eating, weight management problems, body dissatisfaction and many others. Despite these findings, distorted thinking about food in nonclinical samples remains poorly understood. Thus, the current research sought to investigate distorted thinking about food within a broad theoretical model that includes societal antecedents important to understanding the nature of this construct in the general population. This model, which is based on Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1991), was investigated in two studies. The first study is a psychometric validation study of a tool designed to measure distorted thinking about food, the Calorie Catastrophizing Scale (CCS; Monaghan & Santor, 2017) as well as the tool designed to measure dietary misinformation, the Dietary Misinformation Questionnaire (DMQ; Monaghan & Santor, 2017). Results lend support for defining and measuring distorted thinking about food as a distinct construct in nonclinical individuals and suggest that dietary misinformation is an important antecedent to this type of thinking and unhealthy eating behaviours. The second study is a randomized controlled trial of a CBT- and TPB-based workshop intervention aimed at reducing these antecedents. Results show that this intervention led to a significant reduction in distorted thinking about food, dietary misinformation, and other important clinical variables such as symptoms of eating pathology. These findings have a number of important implications for how subclinical eating problems are conceptualized, measured, and prevented.
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Maronati, Lucia <1995>. "How cognitive biases affect critical thinking: analysis of the distortions and illusions that make consumer decisions problematic and empirical test using the nudge strategy." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16003.
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Essere in grado di prendere sempre le miglior decisioni per noi stessi non è un’impresa facile, in quanto essendo umani, ognuno di noi è influenzato da emozioni, sentimenti, dal contesto e non è mai totalmente razionale. La prima parte di questo elaborato propone un’analisi di quei fattori che inducono il consumatore a non fare delle scelte razionali e nel proprio interesse in relazione alla teoria del Nudge e all’architettura delle scelte; sono analizzati i principali pregiudizi cognitivi: problemi di autocontrollo, avversione alle perdite, distorsione status quo, influenze sociali, eccessivo ottimismo e autostima. La seconda parte consiste in un test, in un questionario con domande mirate per poter dimostrare la presenza dei biases cognitivi e come la strategia del nudge, o spinta gentile, aiuti il consumatore ad orientare le proprie scelte in maniera positiva.
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Thiessen, Christina N. "ADHD Symptoms, Maladaptive Schemas, and Dysfunctional Automatic Thoughts: Exploring Theorized Relationships in Emerging Adults." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1555951273832422.
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McCrady, Fara Elaine. "Empathy and the adolescent sexual offender an examination of the specificity of empathy deficits and the relationship between empathy and distorted thought /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116814427.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 63 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-49). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Waitt, Stephanie Louise. "Examining the Relationships Among Vicarious Trauma, Health Behaviors, and Maladaptive Coping." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1761.
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Vicarious trauma can impact anyone working with a traumatized person. The constructivist self-development theory asserts that vicarious trauma can negatively distort how the helper thinks about the world and can cause increased stress. Researchers have explored stress and coping models and have studied how increased stress can negatively impact coping and health behaviors. However, researchers have not explored how vicarious trauma, coping, and health behaviors are related. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationships among vicarious trauma, health behaviors (healthy eating, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and risky drinking), and maladaptive coping. The study sample consisted of 102 Texas Children's Advocacy Center (TX CAC) and Texas Child Protective Services (TX CPS) employees with direct exposure to a client's trauma. Participants completed a self-administered online survey designed to measure vicarious trauma, health behaviors, and maladaptive coping. Linear and logistic regression analyses indicated vicarious trauma was significantly related to healthy eating and maladaptive coping. Maladaptive coping was significantly related to physical activity. However, maladaptive coping was not a significant mediating factor in the relationship between vicarious trauma and health behavior. The data indicated TX CPS and TX CAC employees continue to experience cognitive distortions associated with vicarious trauma, have some decreased health behaviors, and are using maladaptive coping strategies. Results of the study may be used to reduce the risk of vicarious trauma to TX CAC and TX CPS employees so they can continue to help children and families heal from trauma.
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Рогов, Г. А., and G. A. Rogov. "Методологические вопросы критического мышления : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/74344.
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В работе обсуждается проблема дефиниции критического мышления, описывается структура критического мышления. Также обсуждаются различные виды когнитивных ошибок, выделяются 11 основных разновидностей. Представлен дизайн методики «Опросник когнитивных искажений».The paper discusses the problem of defining critical thinking, describes the structure of critical thinking. Various types of cognitive errors are also discussed, and 11 major varieties are highlighted. The design of the “Cognitive distortion questionnaire” technique is presented.
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D'ambrosio, Fanny. "De l'empathie en "psychologie normale" aux empathies chez les auteurs d'agression(s) sexuelle(s)." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML009.
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L'empathie est au cœur de nos relations sociales : elle permet leur régulation par les émotions. Des études, aux résultats contradictoires, ont ainsi suggéré qu'un déficit d'empathie chez les auteurs d'agression sexuelle était un élément central dans leur évaluation et leur traitement.Nous avions 2 objectifs pour cette thèse :1) valider en français, dans une population adulte, une échelle d'empathie générale, la Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006) ainsi qu'un inventaire des compétences socio-émotionnelles, le Social Skills Inventory (Riggio, 1989, 2002) ;2) approfondir la connaissance des liens existant entre empathie générale, empathie spécifique, distorsions cognitives, compétences sociales et risque de récidive chez des auteurs d'agression sexuelle.136 adultes issus de la population générale (78 femmes et 58 hommes) ont rempli les auto-questionnaires répartis en 2 passations séparées de 7 semaines. 37 détenus (20 auteurs d'agression sexuelle sur enfant, 6 auteurs d'agression sexuelle sur adulte, 6 auteurs d'agression non-sexuelle, 5 non-agresseur) ont participé à des entretiens et questionnaires sur plusieurs semaines.La Basic Empathy Scale et le Social Skills Inventory présentent des qualités psychométriques assez satisfaisantes. Chez les détenus, les liens empathie générale/empathie spécifique/distorsions cognitives différent selon le type de victime, avec des distorsions cognitives plus ou moins généralisées en conséquence. La régulation des émotions apparaît essentielle dans le processus empathique. Enfin, les mesures statiques du risque de récidive ne sont pas liées à l'empathie générale, à l'empathie spécifique et aux distorsions cognitives. Des profils socio-cognitivo-émotionnels ont été proposés à titre exploratoire et nécessiteraient d'être à nouveau investigués dans de futures recherches.Ainsi, notre thèse ouvre la voie à des travaux de recherche novateurs dans le domaine, à l'aide d'outils encore peu utilisés et qui pourraient être améliorés afin d'affiner les profils socio-cognitivo émotionnels des AAS déjà établis et de pouvoir proposer des prises en charge adaptées à chacun des profils rencontrésEmpathy is fundamental in our social relations: it allows their regulation by emotions. Studies, with conflicting results, have suggested that a lack of empathy among sex offenders was a central element in their evaluation and treatment.We had two objectives for this thesis:1) to validate in French, in an adult population, a general empathy scale, the Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006) and an inventory of socio-emotional skills, the Social Skills Inventory (Riggio, 1989, 2002);2) to increase knowledge on the relationship between general empathy, specific empathy, cognitive distortions, social skills and recidivism among sex offenders.136 adults from a general population (78 women and 58 men) completed the self-report questionnaires divided into two sessions, separated by seven weeks. 37 inmates prison (20 child molesters, six rapists, six authors of non-sexual assault, and five non-aggressors) were interviewed and completed questionnaires over several weeks.The Basic Empathy Scale and the Social Skills Inventory have quite good psychometric qualities. Among inmates prison, links between general empathy, specific empathy, and cognitive distortions depend on the type of victim, with cognitive distortions more or less generalized accordingly. Emotion regulation is essential in the empathic process. Finally, static measures of recidivism are not correlated to general empathy, specific empathy or cognitive distortions. We also proposed exploratory profiles socio-cognitive-emotional but they require to be re-examined in future research.Thus, our thesis opens the way for innovative research in this field, using scales not yet widely used and that could be improved in order to refine the socio-cognitive-emotional profiles of the sex offenders already established and to offer of support adapted to each of the profiles encountered
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Vieira, Rebeca Veras de Andrade. "Construção, adaptação e validação de instrumentos para avaliar distorções cognitivas, locus do controle e autoeficácia na migrânea." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/186091.
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O objetivo geral desta tese foi investigar as associações entre as variáveis autoeficácia, locus de controle, distorções cognitivas, catastrofização da dor, depressão, ansiedade, nível de incapacidade gerado pela cefaleia e qualidade de vida em pacientes com migrânea. Para isso, 147 indivíduos foram selecionados dentre os pacientes cadastrados nos ambulatórios de cefaleia de três hospitais de referência da região Sul do Brasil. A tese foi composta por quatro estudos. Os dois primeiros tiveram por objetivo adaptar e validar para o contexto brasileiro a Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale e a Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale, respectivamente. O terceiro estudo teve por objetivo construir e validar um instrumento de avaliação de distorções cognitivas, aplicado ao contexto do tratamento da migrânea. Por fim, o quarto estudo buscou investigar as associações entre a frequência e a severidade da cefaleia, as principais comorbidades psiquiátricas e as medidas validadas nos três estudos anteriores. Os resultados indicaram que a versão brasileira reduzida da Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE-10), a versão brasileira da Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale e o Inventário de Distorções Cognitivas relacionadas à Cefaleia (INDICCE) representam medidas válidas e confiáveis de crenças de autoeficácia, locus de controle e distorções cognitivas na migrânea, respectivamente. Ademais, as respostas cognitivas e emocionais dos pacientes estiveram associadas aos níveis de incapacidade e cronicidade da cefaleia. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos nos quatro estudos da tese contribuam para o desenvolvimento de futuros protocolos de intervenções psicológicas para a migrânea.The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between self-efficacy, locus of control, cognitive distortions, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, headache-related disability and quality of life in patients with migraine. 147 individuals were selected among patients enrolled in the headache outpatient clinics of three reference hospitals in the southern region of Brazil. The thesis is composed of four studies. The first two studies had the objective of adapting and validating the Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale and the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale, respectively. The third study aimed to construct and validate an instrument to evaluate cognitive distortions applied to the context of migraine treatment. Finally, the fourth study sought to investigate the associations between frequency and severity of headache, main psychiatric comorbidities and the measures validated in the three previous studies. The results indicate that the Brazilian short version of the Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE-10), the Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale and the Inventory of Cognitive Distortions related to Headache (INDICCE) are valid and reliable measures of self-efficacy beliefs, locus of control and cognitive distortions in migraine, respectively. In addition, cognitive and emotional responses of patients were associated with headache-related disability and chronicity. We hope that the results obtained in the four studies in this thesis will contribute to the development of future protocols for psychological interventions for migraine.
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Mathieu, Sasha. "Étude des motivations, des cognitions et des émotions chez les joueurs de jeu de hasard et d'argent." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2046&f=15487.
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Introduction : Si pour la plupart des individus les jeux de hasard et d'argent constituent un loisir et un plaisir, pour d'autres la pratique de ces jeux peut devenir problématique. Actuellement, plusieurs facteurs sont impliqués dans le développement et le maintien de la sévérité de jeu tels que les motivations à jouer, les distorsions cognitives, la régulation émotionnelle, l'anxiété et la dépression. La littérature souligne toutefois l'importance de distinguer les joueurs selon le type de jeux pratiqués (jeux de hasard et de stratégie et/ou jeux de hasard pur). L'objectif était d'étudier les liens entre ces différentes variables, en différenciant notamment les joueurs selon le type de jeux pratiqués. Méthode : Un total de 303 joueurs, dont 291 joueurs masculins (229 joueurs stratégiques et 62 joueurs mixtes jouant aux jeux de hasard et de stratégie et de hasard pur) a été recruté et évalué au niveau des caractéristiques sociodémographiques, des habitudes de jeu, des motivations à jouer, des distorsions cognitives, des stratégies de régulation émotionnelle et de la symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. À l'inclusion, tous les participants étaient majeurs, francophones et avaient une pratique de jeu régulière (au moins une fois par semaine). Résultats : Les résultats portent sur 291 participants masculins. La prévalence du jeu à risque et pathologique est respectivement de 17,5% et de 16,2% dans l'échantillon. Si les joueurs mixtes présentent des scores significativement plus élevés de motivation de coping, d'illusion de contrôle, d'anxiété et de dépression que les joueurs stratégiques, ces différences sont imputables à la plus grande sévérité de jeu des joueurs mixtes. En effet, aucune différence ne s'observe lorsque les joueurs stratégiques et mixtes sont comparés en fonction de l'intensité de jeu. Toutefois, dans l'échantillon global les motivations à jouer (coping, financière et amélioration), les distorsions cognitives (attentes liées au jeu, illusion de contrôle, contrôle prédictif et incapacité à arrêter de jouer) et les symptômes anxieux et dépressifs augmentent avec la sévérité de jeu. Un usage similaire de la suppression expressive et de la réévaluation cognitive (stratégies de régulation émotionnelle) apparait entre les joueurs sans problème de jeu, à risque et pathologiques (absence de différence significative entre les joueurs). Bien que la sévérité de jeu soit principalement et positivement liée aux motivations de coping et financière, à l'incapacité à arrêter de jouer ainsi qu'à la symptomatologie anxio-dépressive, la force de ces corrélations est plus élevée chez les joueurs mixtes. Par ailleurs, les motivations (coping et financière) sont fortement impliquées dans le développement des distorsions cognitives, qui à leur tour sont fortement impliquées dans le développement de la sévérité de jeu, et ce tant chez les joueurs stratégiques que mixtes. Cependant la symptomatologie anxio-dépressive semble jouer un plus grand rôle chez les joueurs mixtes puisqu'elle prédit chez ces derniers deux à trois fois plus que chez les joueurs stratégiques la sévérité de jeu, la motivation de coping ainsi que le sentiment d'incapacité à arrêter de jouer. Conclusion : Les résultats indiquent la présence d'une certaine vulnérabilité émotionnelle chez les joueurs mixtes, que les joueurs stratégiques ne semblent pas présenter. Le lien étroit entre la symptomatologie anxio-dépressive et la motivation de coping suggère que les joueurs mixtes ont pu développer une conduite problématique de jeu du fait de la présence d'affects négatifs et de la nécessité d'y échapper. Une évaluation systématique du type de jeux pratiqués, puis des motivations, des croyances et de l'état psychologique pourraient aider les professionnels de santé à identifier les éléments à travailler dans la prise en charge et ainsi d'adapter au mieux les interventions cliniques à chacun des patientsIntroduction: If gambling is a leisure activity, controlled and perceived as a source of entertainment for the majority of gamblers, for some others this behavior can become problematic. Currently, gambling motives, cognitive distortions, emotion regulation and emotional disorders (anxiety and depression) are mostly involved in the development and maintenance of gambling severity. However, the literature emphasizes the importance of distinguishing gamblers according to the type of game played (skill game and/or games of luck). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the nature of the links between these different variables and their implications in gambling severity, both in skill and non-exclusively skill gamblers. Method: A total of 303 gamblers (229 skill gamblers and 62 mixed gamblers who practice both skill games and games of luck) were recruited and assessed for sociodemographic characteristics and gambling habits data, for gambling severity, gambling motives, cognitive distortions, emotional regulation strategies and negative emotional states (anxiety and depression). All participants were at least 18 years-old, fluent speaking French, and had a regular gambling activity (i.e. once per weak). Due to the small sub-sample of women (n=12), only male gamblers results are summarized. Results: Only male results are presented (N=291). The prevalence of at-risk and pathological gambling was respectively 17.5% and 16.2% in this sample. Although mixed players have significantly higher coping motives, illusion of control, anxiety and depression scores than skill gamblers, these differences are due to the greater severity of mixed players and not to the type of game practiced. Indeed, no difference is observed when skill and mixed gamblers are compared according to the gambling severity. However, gambling motives (coping, financial and enhancement), cognitive distortions (gambling expectancies, illusion of control, predictive control and inability to stop gambling) and anxiety and depressive symptoms increase with gambling severity in the total sample. A similar use of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal (emotion regulation strategies) appears between gamblers whatever the gambling severity (no significant differences). Although the gambling severity is mainly and positively linked to coping and financial motives, inability to stop gambling, and anxio-depressive symptomatology, the strength of these correlations is higher among mixed gamblers. In addition, gambling motives (coping and financial) are strongly involved in the development of cognitive distortions, which in turn are strongly involved in the development of gambling severity, and that in both skill and mixed gamblers. However, anxio-depressive symptomatology seems to play a greater role in mixed gamblers since it explains two to three times more gambling severity, coping motivation and (feeling of) the inability to stop gambling than in skill gamblers. Conclusion: Results indicate that mixed gamblers presented an emotional vulnerability that skill gamblers do not seem to express. Anxiety and depression closely linked with coping motives have probably conducted mixed gamblers to develop problem gambling due to their negative emotional states and the need to escape them. The type of game played should be taken into consideration in clinical interventions, especially because gamblers seem to present different profiles according to whether they practice exclusively skill games or have a mixed game practice. A systematic assessment of the type of game practiced, then gambling motives, cognitive distortions and emotional states could help health professionals to identify the most suitable clinical interventions for each patients
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Jamain, Ludivine. "Biais d'auto-évaluation de compétence en français et en mathématiques chez les élèves de primaire : évolution et implications pour l'adaptation et la réussite scolaire des élèves?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH006/document.
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La vision illusoire de soi positive (surestimation de soi) semble inhérente à la cognition humaine et fluctue dans son intensité en fonction de l’âge et du degré d’abstraction du concept évalué. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux illusions positives, mais aussi négatives, des perceptions que les enfants âgés de 8 à 11 ans ont vis-à-vis de leur compétence scolaire. Ces illusions sont mesurées à partir de l’écart entre les performances scolaires effectives des élèves d’une part et la perception qu’ils ont de leur compétence scolaire d’autre part. Le biais d’auto-évaluation de compétence scolaire, locution utilisée pour faire référence à cet écart positif ou négatif, a été étudié jusqu’alors en considérant les habiletés générales des élèves à l’école (voir Bouffard, Pansu & Boissicat, 2013). Dans cette thèse, le biais est abordé au niveau de matières spécifiques : le français et les mathématiques. L’objectif général est d’appréhender les liens entre les auto-évaluations biaisées de compétence, l’adaptation et la réussite scolaire des élèves dans ces deux disciplines. A un niveau individuel, un suivi longitudinal d’élèves de primaire (N = 677) sur trois années a permis dans une première étude de définir quatre trajectoires développementales du biais d’auto-évaluation : trois trajectoires assez stables, une positive, une modérée, une négative, ainsi qu’une quatrième évoluant d’un biais très négatif à un biais relativement modéré. Après avoir examiné les liens entre ces trajectoires et un ensemble de mesures liées à l’adaptation scolaire de l’élève, nous avons appréhendé dans une seconde étude l’autorégulation et la performance scolaire des élèves en fonction de leur auto-évaluation biaisée. La mise en lumière des liens entre le biais d’auto-évaluation, l’adaptation et le fonctionnement des élèves a permis de rendre compte du caractère plus ou moins délétère du biais selon qu’il soit positif ou négatif. A un niveau interindividuel, une troisième étude a porté sur le lien entre le biais d’auto-évaluation de compétence des élèves et le jugement de leur enseignant. Enfin, une dernière étude a examiné la capacité des enseignants à repérer les auto-évaluations biaisées chez leurs élèves. Si les enseignants jugent mieux les élèves surestimant leur compétence, les résultats de la dernière étude laissent à penser que ce processus est inconscientThe illusive positive view of the self (overestimation of the self) seems inherent to human cognition. This illusion fluctuates in its intensity according to the age and degree of abstraction of the concept evaluated. In this thesis, we are interested in the positive or negative illusions of self-perceptions among elementary school student aged from 8 to 11. We put the focus in this thesis on the difference between a student's academic skills, measured by standardized tests, and the student’s self-evaluation of his competence. The self-evaluation bias of school competency refer to this gap studied so far by considering the general abilities of the students (see Bouffard, Pansu & Boissicat, 2013). In this thesis, the bias is approached in specific domains: in French and in mathematics. The overall goal is to understand the links between biased self-assessments of competency, student adjustments and academic achievements in these two disciplines. At an individual level, a three-year longitudinal follow-up study of third elementary grade to fifth grade students (N = 677) allowed to define four developmental trajectories of the self-evaluation bias: three fairly stable trajectories, one positive, one neutral, one negative, and the last trajectory evolving from a very negative bias to a positive one. We examined then the links between these trajectories and scholastic adjustment measures. Considering these results, in a second study we examined the self-regulation and academic performance of students according to their biased self-evaluation. The highlight of links between self-evaluation bias and students’ adjustment were relevant to account for detrimental or beneficial nature of the bias, according to its valence. At an inter-individual level, we were interested in a third study on the link between student self-assessment bias and the judgment of their teacher. At last, in a final study, we assessed the ability of teachers to identify self-biased evaluation in their students. In the case of teachers appraising students who overestimate their competence, the results of the last study conducted on this students two years later suggest that this process is unconscious
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Martinelli, Earl Nicholas. "A Dynamic Time Course of Cognitive Map Distortion." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7892.
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Blumenthal, Stephen B. "Cognitive distortion and blame attribution in different groups of sex offenders." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387786.
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Barriga, Alvaro Q. "Measuring cognitive distortion in antisocial youth: refinement and preliminary evaluation of the How I Think questionnaire." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392109082.
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Nguyen, Daniel. "EXAMINING THE ROLE OF JOB FAMILIARITY, COGNITIVE ABILITY, AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN FAKING SUCCESS FOR PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/487.
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Personality tests are often utilized in employment selection. Their wide use may be attributed to various studies which suggest that personality is related to job performance. Although personality is widely utilized in various assessment contexts including but not limited to personnel selection settings, both researcher and practitioners continue to criticize the use of measures due to faking behavior or response distortion. Furthermore, these criticisms are warranted because laboratory studies have consistently found that when instructed, respondents are able to alter their scores in order to appear more desirable. Additionally, there is also conforming evidence from field studies which suggest that 20 - 30% of real-world applicants fake in order to gain a competitive advantage in being hired. Faking studies generally define successful faking as the obtainment of the highest scores possible. This study used a recent and alternative conceptualization of successful faking. More specifically, faking is defined as successful if an applicant is able to match his or her responses on a personality test to the perception of what subject matter experts would consider critical traits for success to that job. Psychology and Business students were assigned to an `honest' or `faking' condition and asked to complete a personality test. Students in the honest condition were instructed to describe themselves honest, while students in the faking condition were instructed to describe themselves in the context of applying for a fictional customer service representative position. Additionally, all students completed a measure of emotional intelligence and cognitive ability. Subject matter experts were then surveyed on what they thought was the ideal characteristics for the fictitious position. This study found that business students who were given instructions to fake were able to fake better (obtain a greater match) than psychology students instructed to fake. Furthermore, individual characteristics such as job familiarity, cognitive ability, and emotional intelligence were examined in relation to faking success. Results indicated that only emotional intelligence was predictive of similarity. Moreover, the subscales of use of emotions and regulation of emotions were predicative of similarity. Finally, the limitations of the study and implications of results are presented and discussed further.
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Ben, mabrouk Mouna. "PA efficiency enhancement using digital linearization techniques in uplink cognitive radio systems." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0296/document.
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Pour un terminal mobile alimenté sur batterie, le rendement de l’amplificateur de puissance (AP) doit êtreoptimisé. Cette optimisation peut rendre non-linéaire la fonction d’amplification de l’AP. Pour compenser lesdistorsions introduites par le caractère non-linéaire de l’AP, un détecteur numérique fondé sur un modèle deVolterra peut être utilisé. Le comportement de l’AP et le canal étant modélisé par le modèle de Volterra, uneapproche par filtrage de Kalman (FK) permet d’estimer conjointement les noyaux de Volterra et les symbolestransmis. Dans ce travail, nous proposons de traiter cette problématique dans le cadre d’une liaison montantedans un contexte radio intelligente (RI). Dans ce cas, des contraintes supplémentaires doivent être prises encompte. En effet, étant donné que la RI peut changer de bande de fréquence de fonctionnement, les nonlinéaritésde l’AP peuvent varier en fonction du temps. Par conséquent, nous proposons de concevoir une postdistorsionnumérique fondée sur une modélisation par modèles multiples combinant plusieurs estimateurs àbase de FK. Les différents FK permettant de prendre en compte les différentes dynamiques du modèle.Ainsi, les variations temporelles des noyaux de Volterra peuvent être suivies tout en gardant des estimationsprécises lorsque ces noyaux sont statiques. Le cas d’un signal monoporteuse est adressé et validé par desrésultats de simulation. Enfin, la pertinence de l’approche proposée est confirmée par des mesures effectuéessur un AP large bande (300-3000) MHzFor a battery driven terminal, the power amplifier (PA) efficiency must be optimized. Consequently,non-linearities may appear at the PA output in the transmission chain. To compensatethese distortions, one solution consists in using a digital post-distorter based on aVolterra model of both the PA and the channel and a Kalman filter (KF) based algorithm tojointly estimate the Volterra kernels and the transmitted symbols. Here, we suggest addressingthis issue when dealing with uplink cognitive radio (CR) system. In this case, additionalconstraints must be taken into account. Since the CR terminal may switch from one subbandto another, the PA non-linearities may vary over time. Therefore, we propose to designa digital post-distorter based on an interacting multiple model combining various KF basedestimators using different model parameter dynamics. This makes it possible to track thetime variations of the Volterra kernels while keeping accurate estimates when those parametersare static. Furthermore, the single carrier case is addressed and validated by simulationresults. In addition, the relevance of the proposed approach is confirmed by measurementscarried on a (300-3000) MHz broadband PA
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Fu, Zhu. "Digital Pre-distortion for Interference Reduction in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/152.
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Given the ever increasing reliance of today’s society on ubiquitous wireless access, the paradigm of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) as been proposed and implemented for utilizing the limited wireless spectrum more efficiently. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is growing in popularity for adoption into wireless services employing DSA frame- work, due to its high bandwidth efficiency and resiliency to multipath fading. While these advantages have been proven for many wireless applications, including LTE-Advanced and numerous IEEE wireless standards, one potential drawback of OFDM or its non-contiguous variant, NC-OFDM, is that it exhibits high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR), which can induce in-band and out-of-band (OOB) distortions when the peaks of the waveform enter the compression region of the transmitter power amplifier (PA). Such OOB emissions can interfere with existing neighboring transmissions, and thereby severely deteriorate the reliability of the DSA network. A performance-enhancing digital pre-distortion (DPD) technique compensating for PA and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) modulator distortions is proposed in this dissertation. Al- though substantial research efforts into designing DPD schemes have already been presented in the open literature, there still exists numerous opportunities to further improve upon the performance of OOB suppression for NC-OFDM transmission in the presence of RF front-end impairments. A set of orthogonal polynomial basis functions is proposed in this dissertation together with a simplified joint DPD structure. A performance analysis is presented to show that the OOB emissions is reduced to approximately 50 dBc with proposed algorithms employed during NC-OFDM transmission. Furthermore, a novel and intuitive DPD solution that can minimize the power regrowth at any pre-specified frequency in the spurious domain is proposed in this dissertation. Conventional DPD methods have been proven to be able to effectively reduce the OOB emissions that fall on top of adjacent channels. However more spectral emissions in more distant frequency ranges are generated by employing such DPD solutions, which are potentially in violation of the spurious emission limit. At the same time, the emissions in adjacent channel must be kept under the OOB limit. To the best of the author’s knowledge, there has not been extensive research conducted on this topic. Mathematical derivation procedures of the proposed algorithm are provided for both memoryless nonlinear model and memory-based nonlinear model. Simulation results show that the proposed method is able to provide a good balance of OOB emissions and emissions in the far out spurious domain, by reducing the spurious emissions by 4-5 dB while maintaining the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) improvement by at least 10 dB, comparing to the PA output spectrum without any DPD.
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Borrego, José Pedro Mateiro Matias. "Impact of the transient behavior of radio communication systems on spectrum management." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14243.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia EletrotécnicaThis PhD Thesis falls within the domain of spectrum engineering and spectrum management, and intends to address current and concrete problems, with which, regulators have to deal. Particularly, the definition of technical conditions to be met by radio systems, which will operate in specific bands, selected to introduce novel concepts such as flexibility and technological neutrality. The Block Edge Mask approach was adopted to define technical conditions of operation, in those bands. However, this model, based on spectral masks, which are defined in the frequency domain, do not take into account the transient behavior or time-varying characteristics of signals used by emerging radio communication systems. Furthermore, measurement methodologies developed for validation of technical parameters associated to these models, which are recommended by international bodies, potentially lead to practical issues that must be scrutinized. Thus, alternative time-frequency mixed domain signal processing techniques are explored, in this thesis, to be used for assessing the compliance of radio systems operating under such constraints.
Esta Tese de Doutoramento insere-se nos domínios da engenharia do espectro e da gestão do espectro radioelétrico, e pretende abordar problemas atuais e concretos com que os reguladores se deparam. Em particular, a definição de condições técnicas a serem cumpridas pelos sistemas rádio que irão operar em determinadas faixas de frequências, selecionadas para a introdução de abordagens de gestão do espectro mais flexíveis e tecnologicamente neutras. O modelo de Máscara Delimitadora de Bloco (Block Edge Mask) foi adotado, a nível europeu, como estratégia de definição de condições técnicas de operação, nessas faixas. Contudo, este modelo, que recorre a restrições que são apenas estabelecidas no domínio da frequência, não entra em linha de conta com comportamentos transitórios ou com a variabilidade temporal de sinais inerentes aos sistemas de radiocomunicações atuais. Para além disso, a medição e validação de parâmetros técnicos associados a estes modelos, conforme definidas nas recomendações internacionais aplicáveis, levantam problemas práticos que importa escalpelizar. Nesse sentido, são exploradas, nesta tese, técnicas alternativas de processamento de sinal no domínio misto tempo-frequência, tendo em vista a sua utilização na avaliação de conformidade dos sistemas rádio em face das restrições aplicáveis.
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Torres, Cristian. "Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49255.
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Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Young’s early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire
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Saranchak, Kenneth A. "Bet you won't stop gambling : the role of cognitive distortions in persistent gambling /." 2003. http://www.consuls.org/record=b2585516.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2003.Thesis advisor: Marc Goldstein. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-54). Also available via the World Wide Web.