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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive bias'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia, Cornelia Mothes, and Nick Polavin. "Confirmation Bias, Ingroup Bias, and Negativity Bias in Selective Exposure to Political Information." Communication Research 47, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650217719596.

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Selective reading of political online information was examined based on cognitive dissonance, social identity, and news values frameworks. Online reports were displayed to 156 Americans while selective exposure was tracked. The news articles that participants chose from were either conservative or liberal and also either positive or negative regarding American political policies. In addition, information processing styles (cognitive reflection and need-for-cognition) were measured. Results revealed confirmation and negativity biases, per cognitive dissonance and news values, but did not corroborate the hypothesis derived from social identity theory. Greater cognitive reflection, greater need-for-cognition, and worse affective state fostered the confirmation bias; stronger social comparison tendency reduced the negativity bias.

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2

Smith, Joan R. "Cognitive Bias." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 31, no. 4 (2017): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000289.

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3

Chatfield, Tom. "Cognitive Bias." Think 22, no. 63 (2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175622000264.

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AbstractAre human beings irredeemably irrational? If so, why? In this article, I suggest that we need a broader appreciation of thought and reasoning to understand why people get things wrong. Although we can never escape cognitive bias, learning to recognize and understand it can help us push back against its dangers – and in particular to do so collectively and collaboratively.

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4

Howgego, Joshua. "Cognitive bias." New Scientist 228, no. 3051 (December 2015): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(15)31757-7.

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5

Hertel, Paula T., and Andrew Mathews. "Cognitive Bias Modification." Perspectives on Psychological Science 6, no. 6 (October 14, 2011): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691611421205.

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Research conducted within the general paradigm of cognitive bias modification (CBM) reveals that emotional biases in attention, interpretation, and memory are not merely associated with emotional disorders but contribute to them. After briefly describing research on both emotional biases and their modification, the authors examine similarities between CBM paradigms and older experimental paradigms used in research on learning and memory. The techniques and goals of CBM research are compared with other approaches to understanding cognition–emotion interactions. From a functional perspective, the CBM tradition reminds us to use experimental tools to evaluate assumptions about clinical phenomena and, more generally, about causal relationships between cognitive processing and emotion.

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6

Norman, Geoff. "The Bias in researching cognitive bias." Advances in Health Sciences Education 19, no. 3 (June 6, 2014): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-014-9517-5.

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7

Hertel, Paula T., Amaris Maydon, Julia Cottle, and Janna N. Vrijsen. "Cognitive Bias Modification." Clinical Psychological Science 5, no. 1 (August 20, 2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702616649366.

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Ruminative tendencies to think repetitively about negative events, like retrieval practice in laboratory experiments, should enhance long-term recall. To evaluate this claim, ruminators and nonruminators learned positive, negative, and neutral adjective–noun pairs. Following each of four study phases, “practice” participants attempted cued recall of nouns from positive or negative pairs; study-only participants performed a filler task. Half the pairs of each valence were tested after the four learning cycles, and all pairs were tested a week later. Large practice effects were found on both tests, even though ruminators showed a trait-congruent bias in recalling unpracticed negative pairs on the immediate test. Positive practice also improved the moods of ruminators. Thus, repetitive positive retrieval shows promise in counteracting ruminative recall and its consequences.

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8

Dacey, Mike. "Anthropomorphism as Cognitive Bias." Philosophy of Science 84, no. 5 (December 2017): 1152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/694039.

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9

Taylor, Ronald L. "Bias in Cognitive Assessment." Diagnostique 17, no. 1 (October 1991): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153450849101700101.

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10

Reschly, Daniel J. "Bias in Cognitive Assessment." Diagnostique 17, no. 1 (October 1991): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153450849101700108.

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11

Park, Christine S., Ljuba Stojiljkovic, Biljana Milicic, Brian F. Lin, and Itiel E. Dror. "Training Induces Cognitive Bias." Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 9, no. 2 (April 2014): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sih.0b013e3182a90304.

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12

Rathbone, P. "Role of cognitive bias." BMJ 342, may17 2 (May 17, 2011): d3047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d3047.

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13

Trout, J. D. "Paternalism and Cognitive Bias." Law and Philosophy 24, no. 4 (July 2005): 393–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-004-8197-3.

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14

Philips, H. C. "Imagery and Likelihood Cognitive Bias in Pain." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 3 (November 27, 2013): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000982.

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Background: Distressing intrusive images are frequently experienced by sufferers from chronic and acute pain. The images (Index images) are correlated with elevations in anxiety, threat, and a cognition that the imaged event might actually happen. The over-estimation that having a negative cognition about an adverse event will increase the probability of the negative event occurring - the likelihood bias - has been observed in a variety of psychological disorders. Preliminary research indicated this cognitive bias might occur in pain sufferers. Aims: To investigate the occurrence of a cognitive likelihood bias associated with imagery in acute and chronic pain sufferers, and to relate the postulated cognitive bias to psychological characteristics of participants, and four other important cognitive responses to their Index images. Method: Fifty-nine pain sufferers completed a newly developed questionnaire (Image-Event-Fusion-pain: IEF-p) to assess cognitive likelihood bias in pain sufferers. The internal consistency, reliability, factor structure and validity of the scale were evaluated. Psychological measures to assess anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, and levels of mental defeat were administered. Results: The IEF-p was found to be psychometrically robust with satisfactory test-retest reliability, good internal consistency, single factor structure and criterion validity. The IEF-p was significantly correlated with four key cognitive appraisals of the Index Images (responsibility, likelihood, premonition, and threat). Three of these correlations were independent of depression. High cognitive bias scores were significantly associated with elevated levels of anxiety symptoms, depression, PTSD symptoms, and mental defeat. Conclusion: Pain Index images were significantly associated with cognitive bias (IEF-p), increased threat levels, and raised estimate of the likelihood of imaged events actually occurring. The results indicate the prevalence of a cognitive bias associated with pain imagery cognitions, comparable to that established with intrusive cognitions in OCD, notably Thought-Action- Fusion.

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15

Suzuki, Akiko, Akiko Megumi, and Akira Yasumura. "Developmental Changes in Cognitive Bias." Psychology 12, no. 02 (2021): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.122019.

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16

Berkwitt, A., and M. Grossman. "Cognitive Bias in Inpatient Pediatrics." Hospital Pediatrics 4, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2014-0002.

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17

O'Sullivan, ED, and SJ Schofield. "Cognitive bias in clinical medicine." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 48, no. 3 (2018): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2018.306.

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18

Jolobe, Oscar MP. "Cognitive bias in laparoscopic cholecystectomy." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 49, no. 1 (2019): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2019.119.

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19

TENG, Zhaojun, Yanling LIU, Yong LIU, and Rui ZHAI. "Cognitive Neuromechanisms of Optimism Bias." Advances in Psychological Science 22, no. 1 (2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.00057.

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20

Harding, Emma J., Elizabeth S. Paul, and Michael Mendl. "Cognitive bias and affective state." Nature 427, no. 6972 (January 2004): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/427312a.

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21

Greene, Robert. "Research for Practitioners: Cognitive Bias." Compensation & Benefits Review 52, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368719892176.

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Research has shown multiple cognitive biases that affect compensation related decisions. This research brief lists and describes several, including the bias held by most of us that we are too intellignet to fall prey to biases. Implications for HR and compensation practitioners conclude this research brief.

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22

Natesan, Divya, Morgan Walker, and Shannon Clark. "Cognitive Bias in Usability Testing." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 5, no. 1 (June 2016): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857916051015.

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Cognitive bias is the tendency to subconsciously change ones actions or thought process based on someone else’s comments or behavior. It is important to consider cognitive bias when performing a usability study because it can significantly alter or impair the validity of the results. While cognitive bias cannot always be entirely eliminated, identifying key cognitive biases to which usability study results are particularly susceptible is the first step to mitigating them. Once experimenters are alert to these subtle traps, they can consider approaches that sidestep the biases and greatly improve the accuracy and overall effectiveness of a usability study.

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23

Wilcockson, Thomas D. W., Pothos Emmanuel M., and W. Miles Cox. "An online cognitive bias task." Behavioural Pharmacology 31, no. 1 (February 2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000508.

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24

McNally, Richard J. "Cognitive Bias in Panic Disorder." Current Directions in Psychological Science 3, no. 4 (August 1994): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770595.

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25

Williamson, Donald A., Stephanie L. Muller, Deborah L. Reas, and Jean M. Thaw. "Cognitive Bias in Eating Disorders:." Behavior Modification 23, no. 4 (October 1999): 556–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445599234003.

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26

Campbell, Samuel G., Pat Croskerry, and David A. Petrie. "Cognitive bias in health leaders." Healthcare Management Forum 30, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470417716949.

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27

Stacy, Webb, and Jean MacMillan. "Cognitive bias in software engineering." Communications of the ACM 38, no. 6 (June 1995): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/203241.203256.

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28

Sterken, Rachel Katharine. "Generics, Content and Cognitive Bias." Analytic Philosophy 56, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phib.12056.

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29

Steel, Craig, Til Wykes, Anna Ruddle, Gina Smith, Dhruvi M. Shah, and Emily A. Holmes. "COGNITIVE BIAS MODIFICATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Research 102, no. 1-3 (June 2008): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(08)70390-6.

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30

Elston, Dirk M. "Cognitive bias and medical errors." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 81, no. 6 (December 2019): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.1284.

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31

Maynes, Jeffrey. "Critical Thinking and Cognitive Bias." Informal Logic 35, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v35i2.4187.

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Teaching critical thinking skill is a central pedagogical aim in many courses. These skills, it is hoped, will be both portable (applicable in a wide range of contexts) and durable (not forgotten quickly). Yet, both of these virtues are challenged by pervasive and potent cognitive biases, such as motivated reasoning, false consensus bias and hindsight bias. In this paper, I argue that a focus on the development of metacognitive skill shows promise as a means to inculcate debiasing habits in students. Such habits will help students become more critical reasoners. I close with suggestions for implementing this strategy.

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32

Ainsworth, Steve. "Cognitive bias: A deadly virus." Nurse Prescribing 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2015): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2015.13.8.373.

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33

Song, Jae-Do, and Young-Hwan Ahn. "Cognitive Bias in Emissions Trading." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 5, 2019): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051365.

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This study investigates whether cognitive biases such as the endowment effect and status quo bias occur in emissions trading. Such cognitive biases can serve as a barrier to trade. This study’s survey-based experiments, which include hypothetical emissions trading scenarios, show that the endowment effect does occur in emissions trading. The status quo bias occurs in only one of the three experiments. This study also investigates whether accumulation of experience can reduce cognitive bias as discovered preference hypothesis expects. The results indicate that practitioners who are supposed to have more experience show no evidence of having less cognitive bias. Contrary to the conventional expectation, the practitioners show significantly higher level of endowment effect than students and only the practitioners show a significant status quo bias. A consignment auction situation, which is used in California’s cap-and-trade program, is also tested; no significant difference between general permission trading and consignment auctions is found.

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34

Hales, Steven D., and Jennifer Adrienne Johnson. "Luck Attributions and Cognitive Bias." Metaphilosophy 45, no. 4-5 (October 2014): 509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/meta.12098.

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35

Hansen, Kim. "Cognitive bias in emergency medicine." Emergency Medicine Australasia 32, no. 5 (September 9, 2020): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13622.

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36

Koster, Ernst HW, and Kristof Hoorelbeke. "Cognitive bias modification for depression." Current Opinion in Psychology 4 (August 2015): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.012.

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37

Papadamos, Panagiotis, and Nina Gierasimczuk. "Cognitive Bias and Belief Revision." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 379 (July 9, 2023): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.379.34.

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38

Afriani, Dila, and Halmawati Halmawati. "Pengaruh Cognitive Dissonance Bias, Overconfidence Bias Dan Herding Bias Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Investasi." JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI 1, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 1650–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jea.v1i4.168.

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This study aims to determine whether cognitive dissonance bias, overconfidence bias and herding bias have a significant effect on stock investment decision making partially and simultaneously. the sample in this study were students of the Faculty of Economics, Padang State University. The sampling technique was simple random sampling . A total of 133 questionnaires were returned in complete condition and processed. by using multiple linear regression techniques, the results show that cognitive dissonance bias and overconfidence bias do not affect stock investment decisions. Herding bias has a positive and significant influence on stock investment decision making.

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39

Singh, Balbir, Jordan Axt, Sean M. Hudson, Christopher Lee Mellinger, Bernd Wittenbrink, and Joshua Correll. "When Practice Fails to Reduce Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot: The Case of Cognitive Load." Social Cognition 38, no. 6 (December 2020): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.6.555.

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Practice improves performance on a first-person shooter task (FPST), increasing accuracy and decreasing racial bias. But rather than simply promoting cognitively efficient processing, we argue that the benefits of practice on a difficult, cognitively demanding task like the FPST rely, at least in part, on resource-intensive, cognitively effortful processing. If practice-based improvements require cognitive resources, then cognitive load should compromise the value of practice by depriving trained participants of the cognitive resources on which they depend. This experiment shows that inducing cognitive load eliminates the benefits of training, leading to an increase in racial bias, as predicted.

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40

Noworyta, Karolina, Agata Cieslik, and Rafal Rygula. "Neuromolecular Underpinnings of Negative Cognitive Bias in Depression." Cells 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113157.

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This selective review aims to summarize the recent advances in understanding the neuromolecular underpinnings of biased cognition in depressive disorder. We begin by considering the cognitive correlates of depressed mood and the key brain systems implicated in its development. We then review the core findings across two domains of biased cognitive function in depression: pessimistic judgment bias and abnormal response to negative feedback. In considering their underlying substrates, we focus on the neurochemical mechanisms identified by genetic, molecular and pharmacological challenge studies. We conclude by discussing experimental approaches to the treatment of depression, which are derived largely from an improved understanding of its cognitive substrates.

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41

Yoshimura, Shinpei, Seiji Muranaka, and Asuka Sugita. "How socioeconomic status, cognitive bias, cognitive reappraisal affects depression?" Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 84 (September 8, 2020): PD—106—PD—106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.84.0_pd-106.

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42

Mineka, Susan, and Steven K. Sutton. "Cognitive Biases and the Emotional Disorders." Psychological Science 3, no. 1 (January 1992): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00260.x.

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Four types of cognitive bias involving selective processing of emotion-relevant information are discussed vis-à-vis their relevance for understanding emotion-cognition interactions and for understanding the etiology and maintenance of the emotional disorders. Anxiety, but not depression, appears to be associated with an attentional bias for threatening material. Depression, but not anxiety, appears to be associated with a memory bias for negative mood-congruent material. Phobias, anxiety, and depression all appear to be associated with mood-congruent judgmental biases. Finally, selective associations in fear conditioning are a form of associative bias implicated in the origins of fears and phobias.

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43

Dror, Itiel, Judy Melinek, Jonathan L. Arden, Jeff Kukucka, Sarah Hawkins, Joye Carter, and Daniel S. Atherton. "Cognitive bias in forensic pathology decisions." Journal of Forensic Sciences 66, no. 5 (February 20, 2021): 1751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14697.

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44

Hoban, Ben. "Learning to live with cognitive bias." British Journal of General Practice 72, no. 722 (September 2022): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp22x720581.

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45

Petre, Marian. "Exploring cognitive bias 'in the wild'." Communications of the ACM 65, no. 4 (April 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3517215.

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46

Oliver, William R., John Fudenberg, Julie A. Howe, and Lindsey C. Thomas. "Cognitive Bias in Medicolegal Death Investigation." Academic Forensic Pathology 5, no. 4 (December 2015): 548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2015.060.

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47

Kipouràs, Pàvlos. "Anchoring: Cognitive bias and numerical conception." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 59 (November 9, 2021): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.59.6.

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Anchoring is a cognitive bias connected to the conception of information by every individual. The initial notion created becomes a significant point of reference for all future interpretations of the same object or data, so as to block any further re-elaboration to the initially defined information. The article presents a practical case of a false numerical conception due to anchoring

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48

Eichbaum, Quentin. "Medical Error, Cognitive Bias, and Debiasing." Academic Medicine 94, no. 8 (August 2019): 1065–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000002791.

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49

Avirbach, Noa, Baruch Perlman, and Nilly Mor. "Cognitive bias modification for inferential style." Cognition and Emotion 33, no. 4 (May 19, 2018): 816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1476321.

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50

Dionne. "Shakespeare's Cognitive Ethology: Bias as Plasticity." Criticism 62, no. 3 (2020): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/criticism.62.3.0367.

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