Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cognitive bias

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cognitive bias'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cognitive bias"

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Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia, Cornelia Mothes, and Nick Polavin. "Confirmation Bias, Ingroup Bias, and Negativity Bias in Selective Exposure to Political Information." Communication Research 47, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650217719596.

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Selective reading of political online information was examined based on cognitive dissonance, social identity, and news values frameworks. Online reports were displayed to 156 Americans while selective exposure was tracked. The news articles that participants chose from were either conservative or liberal and also either positive or negative regarding American political policies. In addition, information processing styles (cognitive reflection and need-for-cognition) were measured. Results revealed confirmation and negativity biases, per cognitive dissonance and news values, but did not corroborate the hypothesis derived from social identity theory. Greater cognitive reflection, greater need-for-cognition, and worse affective state fostered the confirmation bias; stronger social comparison tendency reduced the negativity bias.
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Smith, Joan R. "Cognitive Bias." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 31, no. 4 (2017): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000289.

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Chatfield, Tom. "Cognitive Bias." Think 22, no. 63 (2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175622000264.

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AbstractAre human beings irredeemably irrational? If so, why? In this article, I suggest that we need a broader appreciation of thought and reasoning to understand why people get things wrong. Although we can never escape cognitive bias, learning to recognize and understand it can help us push back against its dangers – and in particular to do so collectively and collaboratively.
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Howgego, Joshua. "Cognitive bias." New Scientist 228, no. 3051 (December 2015): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(15)31757-7.

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Hertel, Paula T., and Andrew Mathews. "Cognitive Bias Modification." Perspectives on Psychological Science 6, no. 6 (October 14, 2011): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691611421205.

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Research conducted within the general paradigm of cognitive bias modification (CBM) reveals that emotional biases in attention, interpretation, and memory are not merely associated with emotional disorders but contribute to them. After briefly describing research on both emotional biases and their modification, the authors examine similarities between CBM paradigms and older experimental paradigms used in research on learning and memory. The techniques and goals of CBM research are compared with other approaches to understanding cognition–emotion interactions. From a functional perspective, the CBM tradition reminds us to use experimental tools to evaluate assumptions about clinical phenomena and, more generally, about causal relationships between cognitive processing and emotion.
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Norman, Geoff. "The Bias in researching cognitive bias." Advances in Health Sciences Education 19, no. 3 (June 6, 2014): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-014-9517-5.

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Hertel, Paula T., Amaris Maydon, Julia Cottle, and Janna N. Vrijsen. "Cognitive Bias Modification." Clinical Psychological Science 5, no. 1 (August 20, 2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702616649366.

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Ruminative tendencies to think repetitively about negative events, like retrieval practice in laboratory experiments, should enhance long-term recall. To evaluate this claim, ruminators and nonruminators learned positive, negative, and neutral adjective–noun pairs. Following each of four study phases, “practice” participants attempted cued recall of nouns from positive or negative pairs; study-only participants performed a filler task. Half the pairs of each valence were tested after the four learning cycles, and all pairs were tested a week later. Large practice effects were found on both tests, even though ruminators showed a trait-congruent bias in recalling unpracticed negative pairs on the immediate test. Positive practice also improved the moods of ruminators. Thus, repetitive positive retrieval shows promise in counteracting ruminative recall and its consequences.
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Dacey, Mike. "Anthropomorphism as Cognitive Bias." Philosophy of Science 84, no. 5 (December 2017): 1152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/694039.

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Taylor, Ronald L. "Bias in Cognitive Assessment." Diagnostique 17, no. 1 (October 1991): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153450849101700101.

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Reschly, Daniel J. "Bias in Cognitive Assessment." Diagnostique 17, no. 1 (October 1991): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153450849101700108.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cognitive bias"

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Clarke, Charlotte. "Cognitive bias modification & exercise." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23593/.

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This doctoral thesis investigates the complex relationship between mental well-being, cognitive bias and physical exercise. The introduction of this thesis begins with a perspective of the relationship between cognitive interpretation bias, physical exercise and mental well-being, specifically anxiety. The thesis begins with two studies which measure the effect of physical exercise on typical individual’s interpretation biases and measures of mental well-being. Study three begins to develop an exercise orientated Cognitive Interpretation Bias Modification (CBM-I) training programme that’s positively valanced and incorporating a dual method of CBM-I and exercise training against a rest control group. Study four uses the same methodological paradigm as study three whilst introducing a more robust control condition and recruiting a high anxiety sample. Study four uses a neutral CBM-I training program instead of a rest control condition, along with a positive CBM-I training program and physical exercise and measures the effect of these on interpretation bias and measures of mental well-being. Study five focuses on developing the neutral CBM-I training in direct contrast to the positive CBM-I training over the course of two sessions with a high anxiety sample of participants. Study Six and seven both recruited a high anxiety sample and were the only studies conducted completely online. Study Six consisted of six sessions of positive or neutral CBM-I training over six weeks. Whilst study seven consisted of three sessions of positive CBM-I, positive CBM-I & exercise, exercise or neutral CBM-I training over a three-week period. The results from these seven studies suggest support for positive CBM-I training which is exercise valanced and physical exercise for reducing self-report anxiety and depression. Implications for mental well-being in cases of sub-clinical anxiety are discussed, limitations addressed and future directions are considered.
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Rodgers, Naomi Hertsberg. "Cognitive bias and stuttering in adolescence." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7021.

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Purpose: The tendency to prioritize negative or threatening social information, a cognitive process known as cognitive bias, has been linked to the development of social anxiety. Given the increased risk for social anxiety among adolescents who stutter (aWS), this project extended the research on cognitive bias to aWS to inform our understanding of the psychosocial factors associated with stuttering in adolescence – the period of development when social anxiety typically emerges. The purpose of this two-part study was to examine group and individual differences in two forms of cognitive bias among aWS and typically fluent controls (TFC) – attentional and interpretation biases. Methods: A sample of 102 adolescents (49 aWS and 53 TFC; 13- to 19-years-old) completed a self-report measure of social anxiety, a computerized attentional bias task, and a computerized interpretation bias task. To assess attentional bias, neutral-negative face pairs were presented in a modified dot-probe paradigm in which response times to engaging and disengaging from neutral, fearful, and angry expressions were measured. To assess interpretation bias, ambiguous verbal and nonverbal social scenarios were presented in a vignette-based recognition task, after which participants endorsed possible negative and positive interpretations of those scenarios. Results: The aWS and TFC reported comparable degrees of social anxiety, although female aWS reported higher levels than male aWS. For the attentional bias task, aWS were faster to engage with fearful faces than to maintain attention on neutral faces, and they were also faster to disengage from fearful and angry faces than to maintain attention on those negative faces. TFC did not demonstrate an attentional preference for any particular face type. For the interpretation bias task, while aWS and TFC rated negative and positive interpretations of verbal and nonverbal scenarios similarly, social anxiety moderated the effect of interpretation characteristics on endorsement of those interpretations; participants with greater social anxiety endorsed negative interpretations of verbal scenarios to a greater degree than those with lower social anxiety, and participants with lower social anxiety endorsed positive interpretations of verbal and nonverbal scenarios to a greater degree than those with higher social anxiety. Conclusions: This study contributes to the existing literature in several meaningful ways. First, this sample of aWS and TFC demonstrated comparable rates of social anxiety, which counters many other reports of group differences in social anxiety in this population. Second, it supports previous preliminary accounts of attentional bias among individuals who stutter. The present findings are novel in that aWS’ rapid engagement with and rapid disengagement from negative faces were observed in the absence of group differences in social anxiety. Third, the results challenge the speculation that stuttering is associated with negative interpretation bias – a relationship that has been proposed in the literature but never empirically investigated. Taken together, these findings provide the groundwork for continued investigation into the role of social information processing on psychosocial outcomes for aWS.
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Blasi, Pau. "Cognitive and Emotional Bias in Real Estate Investment." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED041/document.

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L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’analyser comment les biais cognitifs et émotionnels affectent les décisions des investisseurs lorsqu’ils achètent ou vendent des immeubles de bureaux. Pour atteindre cet objectif, cette recherche adopte, dans un premier temps, une démarche qualitative. Les entretiens semi-structurés permettent de détecter et d’analyser les biais les plus importants qui apparaissent au cours de la transaction. Parmi les différents biais décelés « l’oubli de la fréquence de base » a été sélectionné. Ce biais peut apparaître avant l’acquisition lorsque les investisseurs évaluent la performance attendue d’un immeuble. Une analyse quantitative suit pour développer une échelle qui mesure l’effet du biais. Les résultats ont montré que l’incertitude conduit certains investisseurs à supposer que le rendement qu’ils obtiendront à la fin de leur investissement sera égal à celui du rendement initial. En d’autres termes, certains investisseurs estiment que les conditions du marché resteront les mêmes qu’aujourd’hui
The main objective of this thesis is to analyse how cognitive and emotional biases affect investor decisions when buying or selling office buildings. To meet this aim, this research embarks on a qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews permit to detect and analyse the most important biases that appear in the transactions. Among the different biases discovered, the "base-rate fallacy" was selected. This bias may appear before the acquisition when investors evaluate the expected performance of a building. A quantitative analysis follows to develop a scale that tries to measure the effect of the bias. The results showed that uncertainty leads some investors to assume that the yield they will obtain at the end of their investment will be equal to that of the initial yield. In other words, some investors believe that market conditions will remain the same as today
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Pereira, Ana Ribeiro. "Cognitive bias and welfare in shelter cats." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21306.

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Welfare has traditionally focused on assessing physiological parameters, but over the last decades there has been growing interest in finding scientific and objective methods to evaluate emotional states and mental health of animals. Cognitive bias measures have emerged as tools to assess animal emotion. This preliminary study was undertaken at the Municipal Animal Shelter (MAS) of Sintra and aimed at evaluating if cats subject to environmental enrichment showed more optimistic responses towards ambiguous stimuli in a cognitive bias test. Of an initial group of twenty-four cats, divided into three groups (Enrichment using Training (EuT), Enrichment using Play (EuP) and not Enriched (nE)), eight completed the test (three EuT, two EuP and three nE) as the other were excluded primarily because they were adopted (nine). Latency to reach the unrewarded-near position was similar in the three groups. More differences were found in the latency to reach rewarded-near position, where trained cats showed a shorter latency, which could be indicative of more optimism; Resumo: Viés Cognitivo e Bem-estar em Gatos de Gatil Tradicionalmente a avaliação de bem-estar tem-se focado em parâmetros fisiológicos, mas ao longo das últimas décadas tem surgido interesse crescente em encontrar métodos científicos e objetivos para avaliar estados emocionais e saúde mental animal. Medidas de viés cognitivo têm se assumido como ferramentas de avaliação de emoções animais. Este estudo preliminar foi efetuado no Centro de Recolha Oficial (CRO) de Sintra e teve como objetivo avaliar se gatos sujeitos a enriquecimento ambiental teriam respostas mais otimistas perante estímulos ambíguos num teste de viés cognitivo. De um grupo inicial de vinte e quatro gatos, divididos em três grupos (Enriquecidos com Treino (EuT), Enriquecidos com Brincadeira (EuP) e Não Enriquecidos (nE)), oito completaram o teste (três EuT, dois EuP e três nE) tendo os restantes sido excluidos predominantemente devido a adopção (nove). A latência de chegada à posição próxima da não-recompensada foi semelhante nos três grupos. Na latência de chegada à posição próxima da recompensada foram encontradas mais diferenças, com os gatos treinados a mostrarem latências menores o que poderá ser indicativo de maior otimismo.
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Ard, Carter. "Eliminating Sex Bias through Rater Cognitive Processes Training." TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2122.

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The success of Rater Cognitive Processes Training as a strategy for eliminating sex bias in ratings of performance in a physically demanding job was investigated in the present study. One hundred undergraduate students from a mid -sized regional university served as subjects. The independent variables were type of training and sex of the ratee. resulting in a two by two factorial design. The dependent variable was the performance ratings assigned by the subjects. Subjects in the experimental condition were trained to recognize the important dimensions of performance for the lob of feed handler and received one Practice/feedback session. Subjects in the control condition completed a case study exercise in lieu of training. All subjects then viewed a videotape showing a feed handler moving and stacking what appeared to be 25 lb. bags, and afterward assigned ratings using a graphic rating scale. An ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for sex (p < .026 , and a significant main effect for training (p < .013). The interaction between sex and training was not significant. Results indicated that Rater Cognitive Processes Training was not effective in eliminating sex bias. Instead. a clear contrast effect emerged. Potential implications of this study and future research directions are subsequently explored.
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Chan, Stella. "Vulnerability to depression and cognitive bias modification." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/41397/.

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Background and Aims. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) has been found to be effective in promoting positive interpretations and mood in adults, including those with symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, only four studies have been conducted in adolescent populations. This study therefore aimed to further investigate the effects of CBM in adolescents, including those who have higher risk for developing depression by virtue of neuroticism. Method. This study adopted a between-groups experimental design across three time points. Seventy-four adolescents aged 16 – 18 were randomised into receiving either two sessions of CBM or control intervention. Their interpretation bias and mood were measured at baseline, immediately post-training and one week afterwards. Stress vulnerability was assessed using a novel experimental stressor; participants were also asked to report their daily mood and stressful events over one week. Feedback was collected. Results. The CBM group showed a greater reduction in negative affect than the control. In addition, the CBM group did not show the increase in state anxiety as seen in control participants. However, CBM did not show superior benefits in other outcome measures. Both groups displayed an increase in positive interpretations, a decrease in negative interpretations, and a reduction in depressive symptoms. The two groups did not differ in their responses to stress. Participants with higher scores on neuroticism showed higher levels of negative interpretation bias, mood symptoms and stress vulnerability. However, there was no evidence to suggest that neuroticism acts as a moderator of training effects. Feedback from participants was mostly positive. Conclusion. Overall, this study has not yielded strong supportive evidence for the use of CBM in healthy or vulnerable adolescents. Despite methodological limitations, this study has broadened the evidence base of CBM in adolescent populations. It also represents an important step in developing CBM as a preventive intervention for vulnerable adolescents.
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Turkel, William J. (William Joseph) 1967. "Anthropomorphic bias in naming." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84771.

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Büsser, Ralf. "Cognitive Biases and Investment Behavior." St. Gallen, 2004. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00635086001/$FILE/00635086001.pdf.

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Lang, Tamara Jane. "Cognitive bias modification in the context of depression : interpretation bias and mental imagery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:23e218bf-c546-4b84-ba09-1545a3d538a4.

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The aim of this thesis was to develop a positive Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) technique using imagery in the context of depressed mood. CBM targets biases associated with emotional disorders. CBM modifying interpretation bias (CBM-I) has been investigated for anxiety, but not depression. Whilst many cognitive processes contribute to depression, the current focus was on mental imagery and interpretation bias. In a series of six studies a positive, imagery-oriented CBM-I was developed, culminating in a final test in a clinically depressed population. Prior research had demonstrated that for positive CBM-I, a verbal rather than imagery condition was not only less effective at promoting positive mood, but led to mood deterioration. Experiment 1 investigated what aspect of verbal processing might be responsible for the paradoxical increase in negative emotion. Results suggested that unfavourable comparisons between the self and the positive CBM-I material was driving the increased negativity. Experiment 2 investigated whether making such comparisons in an imagery mode would yield similar effects and whether field perspective imagery instructions would enhance positive CBM-I. Results indicated that optimal instructions for CBM-I should include field perspective imagery whilst discouraging comparative processing. Studies 3a and 3b investigated the relationship between interpretation bias, mental imagery and depressive symptoms in a large sample. Interpretation bias discriminated between low and high dysphoric participants, who had a greater frequency of negative intrusive images. To target negative intrusive images, a new CBM-I technique was developed in Study 4 and Experiment 5 - "CBM of appraisals". Compared to negative CBM of appraisals training, positive training led to fewer intrusive memories and less intrusive symptomatology concerning a depressive film after one week. Finally in Experiment 6, a multi-component CBM-I package (including auditory CBM-I from Experiments 1 and 2; CBM of appraisals from Study 4 and Experiment 5; plus a picture-word technique) was tested in 24 participants with clinical depression. Positive compared to neutral multi-component CBM-I led to improvements in interpretation bias, appraisal bias, depressive and intrusive symptoms. This suggests the potential clinical benefit of a multi-component positive imagery-oriented CBM-I package.
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Rowsell-Docherty, M. "Cognitive bias modification in children : the effect on interpretation bias, anxiety and mood." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617080.

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Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation Bias (CBM-I) is a newly developed intervention for anxiety disorders. Based upon cognitive theory, the intervention arises from research connecting interpretation bias towards threat, with the development of anxiety, and uses computer-based training paradigms to modify interpretation bias. Research supporting these training paradigms has mainly been performed with adults, with only a few published studies exploring CBM-I for children. The current study created a new CBM-I training paradigm devised to modify interpretation biases in children 10 to 11 years old. Children were randomly allocated to a training group with feedback or a control group undertaking the training without feedback. A new version of the Scrambled Sentences measure was used to investigate if the effects of training could be generalised. Self-report and parent-report measures were used, with interpretation bias, anxiety and mood measured at pre-training, post-training and a one-week follow-up. Results showed that children in the training group made significantly fewer negative interpretations and reductions in self-reported social anxiety symptoms following training, in comparison to the control group. Symptoms of depression showed no change for either of the groups, suggesting the training paradigm was specifically targeting social anxiety. Similar trends were observed in parents' reported symptoms of their child's anxiety and depression scores; however effect sizes were much smaller. The effects of training on interpretation bias were maintained , with those in the training group continuing to make fewer negative interpretations at the one-week follow-up. The effects of training on interpretation bias were not generalised to the new Scrambled Sentences measure. The study supports the use of CBM-I paradigms in children and suggests further research to develop successful interventions for prevention and treatment. The study additionally highlights parent's limited awareness of their children's social anxiety, suggesting the need for more psycho-education for parents and teachers.
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Books on the topic "Cognitive bias"

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James, Ree Malcolm, and Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio). Warfighter Training Research Division, eds. Near identity of cognitive structure in sex and ethnic groups. Mesa, AZ: Air Force Materiel Command, Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Training Research Division, 1998.

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1956-, Gross Paget H., ed. How do journalists think?: A proposal for the study of cognitive bias in newsmaking. Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills, Smith Research Center, Indiana University, 1989.

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Aronson, Elliot. Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me): Why we Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts. Orlando FL, USA: Harcourt, 2007.

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Owen, K. Test and item bias: The suitability of the Junior aptitude tests as a common test battery for White, Indian, and Black pupils in standard 7. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1989.

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Ci gai nian kuang jia yuan su de yu yan xing shi biao zheng yan jiu: A study on the linguistic formal representation of lexical concept frames' elements. Beijing: Guang ming ri bao chu ban she, 2011.

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Yu yi de bian hua zhuan huan yan jiu: Ci gai nian kuang jia shi jiao. Changsha Shi: Hunan shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Jimao, Guo, and Zheng Tian'gang, eds. Si tong shi yi: Han yu jin yi biao da fang shi de ren zhi yu yong fen xi=Sitong shiyi /cGuo Jimao, Zheng Tian'gang zhu bian. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2002.

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Amir, Hussain, Liu Derong, Wang Zhanshan, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Advances in Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems: 5th International Conference, BICS 2012, Shenyang, China, July 11-14, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Liu, Derong. Advances in Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems: 6th International Conference, BICS 2013, Beijing, China, June 9-11, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Wang, Meiping. Riben dui Zhongguo de ren zhi yan bian: Cong jia wu zhan zheng dao jiu yi ba shi bian = The evolution of Japan's cognition of China. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cognitive bias"

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Mercier, Hugo. "Confirmation bias – myside bias." In Cognitive Illusions, 78–91. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003154730-7.

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Blanco, Fernando. "Cognitive Bias." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1487–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1244.

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Blanco, Fernando. "Cognitive Bias." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1244-1.

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Matute, Helena, Fernando Blanco, and María Manuela Moreno-Fernández. "Causality bias." In Cognitive Illusions, 108–23. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003154730-9.

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Pohl, Rüdiger F., and Edgar Erdfelder. "Hindsight bias." In Cognitive Illusions, 436–54. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003154730-31.

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Arad, Gal, and Yair Bar-Haim. "Cognitive bias interventions." In Anger at work: Prevention, intervention, and treatment in high-risk occupations., 275–301. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000244-010.

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Meissel, Emily E. E., Jennie M. Kuckertz, and Nader Amir. "Cognitive bias modification." In Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy: Overview and approaches (Vol. 1)., 673–99. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000218-023.

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Howard, Jonathan. "Hindsight Bias and Outcome Bias." In Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes, 247–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93224-8_14.

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Howard, Jonathan. "Information Bias." In Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes, 303–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93224-8_17.

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Howard, Jonathan. "Omission Bias." In Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes, 321–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93224-8_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cognitive bias"

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Hallihan, Gregory M., Hyunmin Cheong, and L. H. Shu. "Confirmation and Cognitive Bias in Design Cognition." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71258.

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The desire to better understand design cognition has led to the application of literature from psychology to design research, e.g., in learning, analogical reasoning, and problem solving. Psychological research on cognitive heuristics and biases offers another relevant body of knowledge for application. Cognitive biases are inherent biases in human information processing, which can lead to suboptimal reasoning. Cognitive heuristics are unconscious rules utilized to enhance the efficiency of information processing and are possible antecedents of cognitive biases. This paper presents two studies that examined the role of confirmation bias, which is a tendency to seek and interpret evidence in order to confirm existing beliefs. The results of the first study, a protocol analysis involving novice designers engaged in a biomimetic design task, indicate that confirmation bias is present during concept generation and offer additional insights into the influence of confirmation bias in design. The results of the second study, a controlled experiment requiring participants to complete a concept evaluation task, suggest that decision matrices are effective tools to reduce confirmation bias during concept evaluation.
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Stanojevic, Rade, Vijay Erramilli, and Konstantina Papagiannaki. "Cognitive bias in network services." In the 11th ACM Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2390231.2390240.

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Rollwage, Max, Tobias Hauser, Alisa Loosen, Rani Moran, Raymond Dolan, and Stephen Fleming. "Confidence Drives a Neural Confirmation Bias." In 2019 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Brentwood, Tennessee, USA: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2019.1064-0.

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Wu, Bo, Murat Cubuktepe, Suda Bharadwaj, and Ufuk Topcu. "Reward-Based Deception with Cognitive Bias." In 2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029476.

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Wang, Hao, Snehasis Mukhopadhyay, Yunyu Xiao, and Shiaofen Fang. "An Interactive Approach to Bias Mitigation in Machine Learning." In 2021 IEEE 20th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccicc53683.2021.9811333.

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Lange, Richard, Ankani Chattoraj, Matthew Hochberg, Jeffrey Beck, Jacob Yates, and Ralf Haefner. "A Perceptual Confirmation Bias from Approximate Online Inference." In 2018 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Brentwood, Tennessee, USA: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2018.1167-0.

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Akl, Naeem, and Ahmed Tewfik. "Optimal information sequencing for cognitive bias mitigation." In 2014 6th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2014.6877806.

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Maris, John M., and Antonio Cortés. "Evaluating Cognitive Bias During Airborne Icing Encounters." In AIAA AVIATION 2021 FORUM. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2959.

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Lindenmeyer, J. "Cognitive Bias Modification zur Rückfallprävention bei Alkoholabhängigkeit:." In Deutscher Suchtkongress 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1696229.

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Han, Yang. "Personality, Cognitive Bias and Entrepreneur Decision-making." In 2022 2nd International Conference on Enterprise Management and Economic Development (ICEMED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220603.073.

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Reports on the topic "Cognitive bias"

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Stormer, William P. The Decision Dilemma -- Cognitive Bias. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235660.

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Bar-Haim, Yair. Development of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) Tools to Promote Adjustment During Reintegration Following Deployment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612903.

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Bar-Haim, Yair. Development of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) Tools to Promote Adjustment during Reintegration Following Deployment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600556.

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Barahona, Ricardo, Stefano Cassella, and Kristy A. E. Jansen. Do Teams Alleviate or Exacerbate the Extrapolation Bias in the Stock Market? Madrid: Banco de España, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/35522.

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We investigate how teams impact return extrapolation, a bias in belief formation which is pervasive at the individual level and crucial to behavioral asset-pricing models. Using a sample of US equity money managers and a within-subject design, we find that teams attenuate their own members’ extrapolation bias by 75%. This reduction is not due to learning or differences in compensation, workload, or investment objectives between solo-managed and team-managed funds. Rather, we provide supportive evidence that team members engaging in deeper cognitive reflection can explain the bias reduction.
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Kwon, Wi-Suk, Gopikrishna Deshpande, Jeffrey Katz, and Sang-Eun Byun. What Does the Brain Tell about Scarcity Bias? Cognitive Neuroscience Evidence of Decision Making under Scarcity. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-374.

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Erblich, Joel, and Dana Bovbjerg. Psychological Distress, Cognitive Bias and Breast Cancer Surveillance Behavior in Women Tested for BRCA 1/2 Mutation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398143.

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Erblich, Joel, and Dana H. Bovbjerg. Psychological Distress, Cognitive Bias and Breast Cancer Surveillance Behavior in Women Tested for BRCA 1/2 Mutation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409853.

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Erblich, Joel, and Dana Bovbjerg. Psychological Distress, Cognitive Bias, and Breast Cancer Surveillance Behavior in Women Tested for BRCA 1/2 Mutation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420452.

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Erblich, Joel, and Dana Bovbjerg. Psychological Distress, Cognitive Bias and Breast Cancer Surveillance Behavior in Women Tested for BRCA 1/2 Mutation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391104.

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Bernal, Pedro, Giuliana Daga, and Florencia Lopez Boo. Do Behavioral Drivers Matter for Healthcare Decision-making in Times of Crisis?: A study of Low-Income Women in El Salvador During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005094.

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Understanding health-seeking behaviors and their drivers is key for governments to manage health policies. There is a growing literature on the role of cognitive biases and heuristics in health and care-seeking behaviors, but little is known of how they might be influenced during a context of heightened anxiety and uncertainty. This study analyzes the relationship between four behavioral predictors the internal locus of control, impatience, optimism bias, and aspirations and healthcare decisions among low-income women in El Salvador. We find positive associations between internal locus of control and preventive health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic (use of masks, distance, hand washing, and COVID-19 vaccination) and in general (prenatal checkups, iron-rich diets for children and hypertension tests). Measures of impatience negatively correlate with COVID-19 prevention behaviors and mothers micronutrient treatment adherence for children, and optimism bias and educational aspirations with healthcare-seeking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some associations were more robust during the pandemic, suggesting that feelings of uncertainty and stress could enhance behavioral drivers influence on health-related behaviors, a novel and relevant finding in the literature relevant for the design of policy responses for future shocks.
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