Journal articles: 'Cognitive-Behavioural Theory'

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James, Jack E. "Cognitive-Behavioural Theory: An Alternative Conception." Australian Psychologist 28, no. 3 (November 1993): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050069308258894.

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Fairburn, Christopher G., Roz Shafran, and Zafra Cooper. "A cognitive behavioural theory of anorexia nervosa." Behaviour Research and Therapy 37, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00102-8.

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Sharpe, Louise, and Nicholas Tarrier. "Towards a Cognitive-Behavioural Theory of Problem Gambling." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 3 (March 1993): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.3.407.

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A heuristic model to account for the development and maintenance of problem gambling is provided with the aim of directing clinical management and future research. Previous explanations of problem gambling have been limited in two main ways. Firstly, the models have been primarily descriptive, and secondly they have generally lacked clinical value. Most explanations have ignored the mechanisms through which this behaviour becomes problematic, and have not identified the relationships between different variables.

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Salkovskis, Paul M., Elizabeth Forrester, and Candida Richards. "Cognitive–behavioural approach to understanding obsessional thinking." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, S35 (August 1998): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000297900.

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BackgroundObsessional ruminations (obsessions without any accompanying overt compulsive behaviour) were previously considered especially difficult to treat.MethodCognitive-behavioural theory regarding obsessional problems is discussed. Strategies for therapy developed on the basis of this theory are reviewed.ResultsThe cognitive-behavioural theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder proposes that obsessional problems occur as a consequence of the particular meaning or significance which patients attach to the occurrence and/or content of intrusive thoughts. When intrusions are interpreted (appraised) as indicating increased personal responsibility, this results in both distress and the occurrence of neutralising behaviour. Cognitive-behavioural treatment seeks to change responsibility beliefs and appraisals, and thereby reduce distress and eliminate neutralising responses which usually occur as covert neutralising (mental rituals). Evidence is emerging for the success of therapy developed on this theoretical basis.ConclusionsRecent developments in the psychological conceptualisation of obsessional ruminations have improved the prospects for successful therapy.

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Taylor, John L., and Craig Steel. "Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, no. 6 (November 2008): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465808004918.

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In 1993 Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy published a supplement edited by Ann Hackmann with the title “Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies: Past History, Current Applications and Future Registration Issues”. This was the journal's first ever supplement and it provided an overview of the state of behavioural and cognitive psychotherapies at that time. It was intended to provide a context for discussions concerning the future of the field, and as Paul Salkovskis said in his editorial, “[the supplement]. . .will be an important reference source for years to come.”

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Khadilkar, Pramod Ratnakar, and Philip Cash. "Understanding Behavioural Design: Integrating Process and Cognitive Perspectives." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 1863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.192.

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AbstractBehavioural design is a crucial research area due to its potential in leveraging the positive outcomes of traditional design. Current need for theory building requires discerning the unique characteristics and challenges of behavioural design. To contribute towards this goal, the paper structures the conceptual and operational uniqueness of the behavioural design using the process and cognitive perspective. Process model uses the basic design cycle to discern the tasks and stages of behavioural design. Cognitive perspective uses dual process theory and cognitive strategies used by designers. Integrated model of process and cognitive perspective is the crucial contribution of this paper. A case study involving interview of lead designers from five behavioural design consultancies has been used to present and elaborate the usefulness of the integrated model of behavioural design. Integrated perspective links the process characters like incomplete analysis, simulation and evaluation stages, over reliance on the prescriptive methods, and unequal emphasis to multiple disciplines, with incomplete analytical process, and solution and knowledge driven strategy along cognitive perspective

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van der Hulst, Egberdina-Józefa, Thomas H. Bak, and Sharon Abrahams. "Impaired affective and cognitive theory of mind and behavioural change in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, no. 11 (December 4, 2014): 1208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-309290.

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ObjectivesExecutive and behavioural changes are well-recognised in classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), indicating a subclinical behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) in some patients. Social cognitive deficits in ALS have been recently described and an impairment was identified on a simple Theory of Mind (ToM) test, which assesses the judgement of the preference of another through direction of eye gaze. The present study further delineated this deficit, by distinguishing between Affective and Cognitive subcomponents, and determining the relationship to behavioural change, levels of empathy and self-awareness.MethodsThe Cognitive–Affective Judgement of Preference Test was administered to 33 patients with ALS and 26 controls. Furthermore, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and detailed behavioural assessment, with measures of empathy and awareness, were included.ResultsPatients with ALS showed a significant impairment in Affective ToM only when compared with healthy controls, with a deficit in 36% of patients; 12% showed an isolated Affective ToM deficit while 24% showed more generic ToM dysfunction. A Cognitive ToM deficit was found in 27% of patients, with 3% showing an isolated Cognitive ToM deficit. The patients with ALS showed reduced empathy (Fantasy scale) and increased behavioural dysfunction with high levels of apathy. In addition, patients with either an Affective and/or Cognitive ToM deficit exhibited poor self-awareness of their performance and abnormalities on verbal fluency, while those with an Affective ToM deficit also displayed higher levels of apathy and a naming deficit.ConclusionsDysfunctional ToM is a prominent feature of the cognitive profile of ALS. This specific difficulty in identifying and distinguishing the feelings and thoughts of another from a self-perspective may underpin the social behavioural abnormalities present in some patients with ALS, manifest as apathy and loss of awareness.

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Lovibond, Peter F. "Conditioning and Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy." Behaviour Change 10, no. 3 (September 1993): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005465.

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When behaviour therapy was developed in the 1950s and 1960s, it was based firmly on the experimental psychology of the time, principally learning theory. Since that time effective verbal therapies have been developed, and clinicians are faced with the difficult task of selecting among so-called behavioural and cognitive interventions based on radically different philosophies. This paper reviews developments in learning theory, particularly human learning, which suggest that conditioning is a complex cognitive process giving rise to verbally accessible expectancies and beliefs. Such a perspective provides a common theoretical framework (cf. Bandura, 1977) that allows behavioural and cognitive strategies to be coordinated to modify a particular cognitive target, such as biased expectancy of harm in anxiety. It is argued that the terms behavioural and cognitive carry unwanted connotations, and that it is preferable to specify independently the content of information to be conveyed in therapy (e.g., reduction in expectancy), and the mode by which it is conveyed — experience, observation, or language. Learning theory, in conjunction with other areas of experimental psychology, continues to provide a conceptual basis for the understanding of psychopathology and the development of new psychological interventions.

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STEIN, J. V. "Theory implementation: Stein's theory of meaning through cognitive-behavioural process: a pilot study." Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 20, no. 6 (June 26, 2012): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01935.x.

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Townend, Michael. "Editorial." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 1, no. 1 (April 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x08000020.

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With the publication of this inaugural issue we launch The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist (tCBT). This new journal will offer high-quality, professional development-focused articles that advance the practice of the behavioural and cognitive psychotherapies. tCBT will be published quarterly, featuring articles on clinical and professional issues, which contribute to the theory, practice and evolution of the cognitive and behavioural therapies.

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Veale, David. "Behavioural activation for depression." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 14, no. 1 (January 2008): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.004051.

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A formal therapy for depression, behavioural activation focuses on activity scheduling to encourage patients to approach activities that they are avoiding and on analysing the function of cognitive processes (e.g. rumination) that serve as a form of avoidance. Patients are thus refocused on their goals and valued directions in life. The main advantage of behavioural activation over traditional cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression is that it may be easier to train staff in it and it can be used in both in-patient and out-patient settings. This article describes the theory and rationale of behavioural activation, its evidence base and how to develop a formulation that guides the strategy.

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Leal, Manuel, and Brian J. Powell. "Behavioural flexibility and problem-solving in a tropical lizard." Biology Letters 8, no. 1 (July 13, 2011): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0480.

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The role of behavioural flexibility in responding to new or changing environmental challenges is a central theme in cognitive ecology. Studies of behavioural flexibility have focused mostly on mammals and birds because theory predicts that behavioural flexibility is favoured in species or clades that exploit a diversity of habitats or food sources and/or have complex social structure, attributes not associated with ectothermic vertebrates. Here, we present the results of a series of experiments designed to test cognitive abilities across multiple cognitive modules in a tropical arboreal lizard: Anolis evermanni . This lizard shows behavioural flexibility across multiple cognitive tasks, including solving a novel motor task using multiple strategies and reversal learning, as well as rapid associative learning. This flexibility was unexpected because lizards are commonly believed to have limited cognitive abilities and highly stereotyped behaviour. Our findings indicate that the cognitive abilities of A. evermanni are comparable with those of some endothermic species that are recognized to be highly flexible, and strongly suggest a re-thinking of our understanding of the cognitive abilities of ectothermic tetrapods and of the factors favouring the evolution of behavioural flexibility.

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Geraghty, Keith, Leonard Jason, Madison Sunnquist, David Tuller, Charlotte Blease, and Charles Adeniji. "The ‘cognitive behavioural model’ of chronic fatigue syndrome: Critique of a flawed model." Health Psychology Open 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 205510291983890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102919838907.

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Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis is a debilitating illness that greatly impacts the lives of sufferers. A cognitive behavioural model attempts to explain illness onset and continuance with a hypothesis that the illness is perpetuated by patients’ irrational beliefs and avoidance behaviours. This theory underpins the promotion of cognitive behavioural therapy, a treatment that aims to change beliefs and behaviours. This article reports on a detailed review of the cognitive behavioural model. Our review finds that the model lacks high-quality evidential support, conflicts with accounts given by most patients and fails to account for accumulating biological evidence of pathological and physiological abnormalities found in patients. There is little scientific credibility in the claim that psycho-behavioural therapies are a primary treatment for this illness.

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Mansell, Warren. "Understanding control and utilizing Control Theory in the science and practice of CBT." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 2, no. 3 (September 2009): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x09990146.

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AbstractThis editorial introduces the special issue of The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist on Control Theory and CBT. The various routes through which Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) can inform CBT are explained and a range of theory, research and practice articles are introduced. Each focuses on encouraging and validating a Control Theory perspective to the clinical practice of cognitive behavioural therapies.

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Ewing, Gillian. "From Neuroplasticity to Scaffolding." International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijudh.2012040104.

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This paper is a review of cognitive aging research centred on the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC), a theory which brings together much of the previous research into cognitive aging over the past century and suggests directions for future work. From Santiago Ramon y Cajal, with his microscope and talented drawings, to today’s researchers with psychological and neurobiological methods and technology, particularly neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI, sMRI, PET, etc., enormous progress has been made, through cognitive reserve, dedifferentiation, compensation, hemispherical asymmetry, inhibition and neurotransmission, to the Scaffolding theory of aging and cognition and beyond. Prior to 1990, research was almost entirely behavioural, but the advent of neuroimaging has boosted research and given rise to a new domain known as cognitive neuroscience, combining behavioural and neurobiological approaches to investigate structural and functional changes in the aging brain. Having reviewed the existing literature on cognitive aging research, the author concludes that although the scaffolding theory brings together a significant body of work and ideas, it is not yet the single, unifying theory for researchers. However, it does represent a giant step toward that theory.

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Quartz, Steven R. "FROM COGNITIVE SCIENCE TO COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE TO NEUROECONOMICS." Economics and Philosophy 24, no. 3 (November 2008): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267108002083.

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As an emerging discipline, neuroeconomics faces considerable methodological and practical challenges. In this paper, I suggest that these challenges can be understood by exploring the similarities and dissimilarities between the emergence of neuroeconomics and the emergence of cognitive and computational neuroscience two decades ago. From these parallels, I suggest the major challenge facing theory formation in the neural and behavioural sciences is that of being under-constrained by data, making a detailed understanding of physical implementation necessary for theory construction in neuroeconomics. Rather than following a top-down strategy, neuroeconomists should be pragmatic in the use of available data from animal models, information regarding neural pathways and projections, computational models of neural function, functional imaging and behavioural data. By providing convergent evidence across multiple levels of organization, neuroeconomics will have its most promising prospects of success.

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Sutton, Carole. "RESURGENCE OF ATTACHMENT (BEHAVIOURS) WITHIN A COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL INTERVENTION: EVIDENCE FROM RESEARCH." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 3 (July 2001): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465801003083.

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In the course of studies of behavioural parent training with the families of young children who were demonstrating serious conduct disorders, a substantial proportion of the parents reported, without the information being solicited in any way, that their children had become far more loving and demonstrative than formerly. They were surprised and delighted by this development. The concepts of “attachment” and “attachment behaviours” are explored and the usefulness of learning theory in understanding the extinction and recovery of attachment/attachment behaviours is discussed. This formulation may provide a bridge between cognitive learning theory on the one hand and attachment theory on the other.

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Len, Nasir, Amalia Madihie, and Salmah Mohamad Yusoff. "Development, Validity and Reliability of Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI)." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 6, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.1992.2020.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the validity and reliability of Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) which focusing on the resilience of adolescents with behavioural problems. CTI is developed based on Cognitive Theory and the Sidek Module Development Model. The CTI has eight interventions. The CTI manuscript was distributed to five content experts to determine intervention’s validity. The finding shows that the validity index 0.87 was obtained. Meanwhile, thirty two adolescents were selected to measure the reliability of each intervention by evaluating the objectives in each intervention session. As a result, the reliability index 0.85 was obtained. From these two indexes, the Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) possesses high validity and good reliability, and is ready to use. The intervention implies the counselling intervention in working resilience of adolescents with behavioural behaviour. This CTI is recommended to be used by school counsellor to handle adolescents with behavioural problems. Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Intervention, Validity, Reliability, Resilience, Adolescent

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Mpinganjira, Mercy. "Cognitive absorption and behavioural intentions in virtual health communities." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 21, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsit-06-2017-0044.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide a conceptual model that elucidates the role of cognitive absorption in explaining behavioural intentions in virtual health communities. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 361 contributing members of virtual health communities from Gauteng, South Africa, using a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling using AMOS software was used to analyse the data. Findings The findings show that cognitive absorption has a significant direct positive influence on content posters’ intentions to continue participating on virtual health community platforms. Cognitive absorption was also found to have an indirect influence on behavioural intentions through its influence on members’ attitude. It was also found to play a mediating role in the influence of perceived usefulness and behavioural intention. Research limitations/implications The study shows the value of linking flow theory and the technology acceptance model to provide a comprehensive understanding of behavioural intentions in virtual health community forums. Practical implications Managers of virtual health communities need to pay attention to experiential aspects of their sites. Success in ensuring that community members are cognitively absorbed is key to the development of positive attitude and intentions towards virtual health community forums. Originality/value Virtual health communities play a new and growing role in the way health-related information and support is offered and accessed by those in need. Despite their importance, not much research has been done to explain the role of consumer experience in member behavioural intentions on such forums. The study contributes to this understanding by demonstrating the value of cognitive absorption in directly explaining users’ attitude and behavioural intentions. The study also sheds light on the role played by cognitive absorption in explaining the influence of perceived usefulness on behavioural intentions.

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Bui, Huynh Nguyen, and Phung Nam Phuong. "THE EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC RISK PERCEPTION ON STUDENTS' BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION TOWARDS RETURNING HOME FOR STUDYING." UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v11i1.964.

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Due to the COVID-19 crisis, it is more difficult for international students to complete their study abroad. There has been little discussion concerning international students' perspectives regarding their study plan during this health-related crisis. Based on the frameworks of risk perception theory and the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study highlights returning home for studying as a health-protective behaviour stemming from international students' perceptions of COVID-19 risk. In other words, overseas students' behavioural intention is scrutinized through the lens of the risk perception. An online survey with random sampling method was administered to the Vietnamese students who were studying in the UK in February and March 2021. A total of 588 responses were collected for data analysis. The results reveal that international students' cognitive and affective risk perceptions are positively related to their attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control over returning home for studying. There also exists a significant influence of both cognitive and affective risk perceptions on the students’ behavioural intention. Attitude, subject norms, and perceived behavioural control are considered significant mediators between risk perception and behavioural intention.

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Wood, Lisa, Rory Byrne, and Anthony P. Morrison. "An Integrative Cognitive Model of Internalized Stigma in Psychosis." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 45, no. 6 (May 10, 2017): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000224.

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Background:Internalized stigma is a significant difficulty for those who experience psychosis, but it has never been conceptualized using cognitive theory.Aims:The aim of this paper is to outline a cognitive model conceptualizing internalized stigma experienced by people who also experience psychosis.Method:Previous literature is reviewed, critiqued and synthesized to develop the model. It draws upon previous social cognitive models of internalized stigma and integrates cognitive behavioural theory and social mentality theory.Results:This paper identifies key cognitive, behavioural and emotional processes that contribute to the development and maintenance of internalized stigma, whilst also recognizing the central importance of cultural context in creating negative stereotypes of psychosis. Moreover, therapeutic strategies to alleviate internalized stigma are identified. A case example is explored and a formulation and brief intervention plan was developed in order to illustrate the model in practice.Conclusion:An integrative cognitive model is presented, which can be used to develop individualized case formulations, which can guide cognitive behavioural interventions targeting internalized stigma in those who experience psychosis. More research is required to examine the efficacy of such interventions. In addition, it is imperative to continue to research interventions that create change in stigma at a societal level.

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Gústavsson, Sævar M., Paul M. Salkovskis, and Jón F. Sigurðsson. "Cognitive analysis of specific threat beliefs and safety-seeking behaviours in generalised anxiety disorder: revisiting the cognitive theory of anxiety disorders." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 49, no. 5 (March 12, 2021): 526–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246582100014x.

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AbstractBackground:Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) has been an uneasy member of the anxiety disorders group since its inclusion in the third edition of the DSM. Multiple theories and treatment protocols for GAD and its defining symptom, excessive worry, have comparable efficacy in treating GAD symptoms. Crucially, these theories of GAD and excessive worry fail to explain when and why worry is excessive and when it is adaptive.Aims:In this paper we propose a cognitive behavioural account of the difference between excessive and adaptive states of worry and explore the theme of threat and the function of safety-seeking behaviours as seen in GAD. Specifically, we incorporate the concept of inflated responsibility in a cognitive behavioural analysis of threat appraisal and safety-seeking behaviours in excessive worry and GAD.Conclusion:It is proposed that when worry is used as a strategy intended to increase safety from perceived social or physical threat then it should be conceptualised as a safety-seeking behaviour. However, when worry is used as a strategy to solve a problem which the person realistically can resolve or to deal explicitly with the feeling of anxiety then it functions as an adaptive coping behaviour. We also propose that the theme of threat in GAD centres on an inflated sense of responsibility for external everyday situations, and the function of safety-seeking behaviours is to attain certainty that responsibility has been fulfilled. The clinical implications of this cognitive behavioural analysis of excessive worry are discussed, as well as future research directions.

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Wilt, Joshua, David M. Condon, Ashley Brown–Riddell, and William Revelle. "Fundamental Questions in Personality." European Journal of Personality 26, no. 6 (November 2012): 629–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1905.

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The network perspective represents a novel contribution to personality theory by conceptualising personality traits as emerging from the mutual dependencies between fundamental and causal affective, behavioural, and cognitive components. We argue that incorporating a more nuanced biological and developmental perspective to causality and a more precise approach to affective, behavioural, cognitive and motivational components may serve to enrich the network perspective. Although the graphical approach to modelling personality is aesthetically pleasing, analytic techniques are not yet available to put network models to the (quantitative) test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Du Vignaux, Maÿlis Merveilleux, Pierre-Majorique Léger, Patrick Charland, Youness Salame, Emmanuel Durand, Nicolas Bouillot, Mylène Pardoen, and Sylvain Sénécal. "An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Collective Immersion on Learning and Learning Experience." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5040017.

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This paper aims to explore the impact of a collective immersion on learners’ engagement and performance. Building on Bandura’s social learning theory and the theory on the sense of presence, we hypothesise that collective immersion has a positive impact on performance as well as cognitive, emotional and behavioural engagement. Ninety-three participants distributed in four conditions took part in the experiment. The four conditions manipulated the collective and individual dimensions of the learning environment as well as the high and low immersion of the learning material. The two conditions that offered a high immersion setting used two types of the novel immersive dome: a large one for collective immersion and a small one for individual use. All participants were presented with the same stimuli, an 8-min-long video of a virtual neighbourhood visit in Paris in the 18th century. The participants’ reactions were measured during and after the task. The learning outcome, as well as the cognitive, emotional and behavioural engagement, were measured. Final results showed that collective immersion learning outcomes are not significantly different, but we find that collective immersion impacts the cognitive, emotional and behavioural engagement of learners.

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Trusz, Sławomir. "Zjawisko stereotypizacji, uprzedzeń i dyskryminacji „eurosierot” w świetle wyników ośmiu badań eksperymentalnych i podsumowującej metaanalizy." Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny, no. 65/3 (February 17, 2021): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-6007.kp.2020-3.8.

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Referring to the children of circular migrants as Euro-orphans could arouse implicit negative attitudes, serving as an essential source of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination against them. Based on: (1) the three-factor theory of attitude, (2) the automatisation of cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes concept, and (3) the linguistic relativism theory, and the aforementioned assumption was tested in eight experiments (n = 160 subjects), and the gathered data were summarised in the meta-analysis. It turned out that contact with the term “Euro-orphan” (vs. “child”) was the source of negative attitudes among 73% of participants (Cohen’s d = 0.693). The strongest effect was recorded in the behavioural (1.195), affective (0.556) and cognitive domain of attitude (0.309). The observed regularities and their practical (educational) implications were discussed in the light of the theory of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination of various social groups.

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Ozga, Wioletta Karina. "The socio-cognitive theory of personality and its clinical applications." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 5 (September 4, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.951.

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Personality is a cognitive-affective processing system, which, according to the socio-cognitive theory, creates four dimensions. They are reflected in the skills, beliefs, standards and goals of the individual, which are consistent and consistent patterns of behaviour. Self-efficacy judgments and self-patterns determine the choice of goals and persistence in achieving them. On the other hand, the emotions preceding and accompanying the achievement of goals affect coping with stress and problems. The review of the clinical and therapeutic applications of this theory included stress inoculation training, REBT rational emotive therapy, Beck's cognitive depression therapy, schema therapy and modelling methods. The great advantage of this theory is the possibility of verifying its theoretical assumptions and confirming their huge amount of research. Besides, it has a practical application as many types of cognitive-behavioural therapies have been developed on its basis.

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Wells, Victoria, and Drew Martin. "Research frontiers in cognitive, socio-cognitive, behavioural, social and applied psychology: implications for marketing theory and consumer research." Journal of Marketing Management 33, no. 11-12 (July 24, 2017): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2017.1337668.

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Yang, Xinyi, and Stephen Jia Wang. "To Develop and Evaluate Children’s Cognitive Development through An AR-Playful-Learning Approach." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.617.

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<div><p>Augmented Reality (AR) technology have been recognised as an effective experience enhancer with a broad application range. It is challenging to explore such potentials in the area of learning and teaching by utilising AR features in behavioural stimulation and monitoring. In this study, the author aims at exploit AR technology to institute a system for cognitive development. The principle goal of such playful learning system is to improve the overall ability of toddlers to function in social environments through cognition forming and behavioural redirecting. This paper introduces an interactive training game that assists children between two and seven years old to develop their cognitive model through intuitive theory-based educational AR gamification. A pilot study implements Montessori training theory is described in this paper.</p></div>

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Nigam, Richa, and Bhoomika R. Kar. "Cognitive Ageing in Developing Societies: An Overview and a Cross-sectional Study on Young, Middle-aged and Older Adults in the Indian Context." Psychology and Developing Societies 32, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 278–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333620937511.

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Cognitive ageing in developing societies is marked with psychosocial issues such as education, occupation, lifestyle, social support, social interaction and exclusion that may affect cognitive–affective–behavioural changes with ageing. We also present a study based on cognitive profiling of young (N = 79), middle-aged (N = 54) and older adults (N = 43) in India, which examined learning and memory for verbal and visuospatial information, overall cognitive functions, subjective complaints about cognitive difficulties, neuropsychiatric problems, anxiety and emotion regulation. The study shows cognitive changes compared to young and comparable rate of learning and retrieval among middle-aged and older adults for verbal and visuospatial material, correlated with general cognitive ability. The subjective complaints were not correlated with the objective measures of cognitive functions, highlighting the importance of both to show early cognitive changes. The relationship between cognitive functions and emotion regulation or behavioural/emotional changes was observed for young and middle-aged adults but not for older adults. Findings are discussed in the context of the lifespan perspective of cognitive ageing, cognitive reserve, psychosocial environment and social–emotional selectivity theory.

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Ribhan and Albet Maydiantoro. "The Analysis of Cognitive Moral in Bridging the Gap Between Internal Marketing and B2B Salespeople Performance." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0120.

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This study seeks to confirm and analyse the effect of cross-level cognitive morals on internal marketing and business sales force performance (i.e. behavioural performance and outcome performance). The concepts of relationship marketing and marketing theory of ethics underpin the relationship among variables. This study adopted a quantitative approach through a survey of 460 respondents from 13 company services and manufacturers. Internal marketing variables were measured at the unit level and tested using interrater agreement and the intraclass correlation. In contrast, the cognitive moral variables, behavioural performance, and sales force performance results were measured individually. Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) was used to test the effect of the cross-level research variables. The results showed that internal marketing empirically supports cognitive morals. However, the effect of internal marketing does not support the two-dimensional performances of the sales force. Theoretically, the contributions, internal marketing and cognitive morals have shown the relationship between marketing and marketing theory of ethics. Received: 28 April 2021 / Accepted: 15 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

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Michaelian, Johannes C., Loren Mowszowski, Adam J. Guastella, Julie D. Henry, Shantel Duffy, Donna McCade, and Sharon L. Naismith. "Theory of Mind in Mild Cognitive Impairment – Relationship with Limbic Structures and Behavioural Change." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 10 (August 29, 2019): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000870.

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AbstractObjectives:Older adults presenting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a higher risk of developing dementia and also demonstrate impairments in social cognition. This study sought to establish whether in people with MCI, poorer theory of mind (ToM) was associated with volumetric changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, as well as early changes in behaviour.Methods:One hundred and fourteen people with MCI and fifty-two older adult controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), while close informants (e.g., spouse/family member/friend/carer) described any current behavioural changes using the Revised Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI-R). A subsample of participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results:The MCI group showed poorer performance on all neuropsychological tests administered, and moderate reductions on the RMET compared to the control group (d = .44), with greater reduction observed in those with amnestic compared to non-amnestic MCI (p = .03). While a robust correlation was identified between poorer RMET performance and smaller hippocampal volume in the control group (ρ = .53, p = .01), this relationship was not apparent in the MCI group (ρ = .21, p = .11). In the MCI group, poorer RMET performance was associated with poorer everyday skills (ρ = −.26, p = .01) assessed by the CBI-R.Conclusions:Our findings cross-validate previous reports that social cognitive deficits in ToM are a feature of MCI and also suggest that disruptions to broader neural networks are likely to be implicated. Furthermore, ToM deficits in MCI are associated with a decline in everyday skills such as writing or paying bills.

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Bayliss, Paul, and Sue Holttum. "Experiences of antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression: A grounded theory study." Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 88, no. 3 (August 27, 2014): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papt.12040.

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Dinos, Sokratis, and Stephen Palmer. "Self-esteem within cognitive behavioural coaching: a theoretical framework to integrate theory with practice." Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice 8, no. 2 (March 20, 2015): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17521882.2015.1021823.

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Wang, Xuhui, Asad Hassan Butt, Qilin Zhang, Muhammad Nouman Shafique, Hassaan Ahmad, and Zahid Nawaz. "Gaming Avatar Can Influence Sustainable Healthy Lifestyle: Be Like an Avatar." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051998.

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Online gaming is consistently changing with the use of new technologies and seen as making an impact on consumers’ sustainable lifestyles. The gaming avatars have influenced low avatar identification players to engage in physical and learning activities through massively multiplayer online (MMO) game genre. The fundamental purpose of the study is to classify the association of an avatar with consumer’s behavioural intention for exercise and to consume healthy food. This study incorporates three theories: social cognitive theory (SCT), social determination theory (SDT) and player-avatar identification (PAI) theory to determine its four dimensions’ impact on exercise and healthy food intention to attain a sustainable healthy lifestyle. SCT is related to human cognitive behaviour in the light of immersive experience, self-presence, and enjoyment. SDT related to the physical aspects of consumers that are exercise intention and consumption of healthy food. The results have shown that immersive experience, self-presence and enjoyment do impact the consumer’s behavioural intention towards an individual’s sustainability.

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Power, Mick J. "Cognitive Science and Behavioural Psychotherapy: Where Behaviour was, There Shall Cognition Be?" Behavioural Psychotherapy 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300011484.

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The argument is presented that behavioural psychotherapy has long been infiltrated by cognitive ideas, whether at the level of underlying philosophy, assessment or practice. For example, none of the traditional laws of learning have withstood the test of time, but although modern learning theory has had to become increasingly cognitive, behaviour therapists have yet to integrate these advances into a better understanding of therapeutic techniques and practice. Examples are also presented of a range of cognitive tasks that may provide further insights into the nature of the affective disorders.

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Levis, Donald J. "The Power of Extrapolating Basic Laboratory Principles: The Behavioural-Cognitive Approach of Implosive Therapy." Behaviour Change 10, no. 3 (September 1993): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005490.

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The purpose of this article is to emphasise the importance of basic research in the advancement of theory and clinical technique. To illustrate the power of such a strategy the theory and imagery technique of Implosive (Flooding) Therapy will be briefly described along with a recent modification that has resulted in the development of a new technique which is capable of reactivating all past traumatic memories responsible for the development and maintenance of psychopathology. This new approach has resulted in a number of important discoveries that challenge many currently held beliefs.

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Magala, Slawomir. "Critical theory: 15 years later." Critical perspectives on international business 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17422040610682764.

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PurposeThe pupose of this paper is to explore the role of criticism in the growth of academic communities and their organizational transformations.Design/methodology/approachThrough a comparison between the Frankfurter School of critical thought with contemporary critical management studies, possible routes for further development of the latter are explored.FindingsThe cognitive turn in behavioural sciences and the bureaucratic professionalization of knowledge‐intensive occupations are a serious threat to the possible development of critical management studies.Practical implicationsBy focussing on implications of the Frankfurter School of social thought, critical management studies can establish itself as a more profound and fundamental form of research within social sciences.Originality/valueThe goal is to make the Frankfurter School a salonfähig discourse for managerial establishments.

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House, Juliane. "Towards a new linguistic-cognitive orientation in translation studies." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.05hou.

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A new linguistic-cognitive orientation in translation studies is important today because it can complement the current strong wave of socially and culturally oriented research into and around translation. For balance, it is also necessary and insightful to describe and explain how strategies of comprehending, decisionmaking and re-verbalisation come about in a translator’s bilingual mind. In this paper I sketch some ideas about such a new linguistic-cognitive approach. I first review introspective and retrospective studies and behavioural experiments. Secondly, I assess the value of neuro-linguistic studies for translation. Thirdly, I suggest a new combination of a translation theory and a neuro-functional theory of bilingualism.

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Wells, Amy E., Laura M. Hunnikin, Daniel P. Ash, and Stephanie H. M. van Goozen. "Children with Behavioural Problems Misinterpret the Emotions and Intentions of Others." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 48, no. 2 (November 4, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00594-7.

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Abstract Research indicates that the misinterpretation of other’s emotions or intentions may lead to antisocial behaviour. This study investigated emotion and intention recognition in children with behavioural problems and examined their relationship and relations with behaviour problem severity. Participants were 7–11 year old children with behavioural problems (n = 93, mean age: 8.78, 82.8% male) who were taking part in an early intervention program and typically developing controls (n = 44, mean age: 9.82, 79.5% male). Participants completed emotion recognition and Theory of Mind tasks. Teachers and parents rated children’s emotional and behavioural problems. Children with behavioural problems showed impaired emotion and intention recognition. Emotion recognition and intention recognition were positively related and inversely associated with behavioural problem severity and, independently of one another, predicted behavioural problems. This study is the first to show that children with behavioural problems are impaired in identifying others’ emotions as well as intentions. These social cognitive processes were found to be related and inversely associated with severity of behavioural problems. This has important implications for intervention and prevention programmes for children with behavioural difficulties.

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Curran, Joseph, and Simon Houghton. "Moving beyond mechanism: developments in cognitive and behavioural approaches to theory and practice of therapy." Mental Health Practice 10, no. 8 (May 2007): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2007.05.10.8.20.c4304.

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Yuen, Kum Fai, Grace Chua, Xueqin Wang, Fei Ma, and Kevin X. Li. "Understanding Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 4419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124419.

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Public acceptance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is vital for a society to reap their intended benefits such as reduced traffic accidents, land usage, congestion and environmental pollution. The purpose of this paper is to use the theory of planned behaviour to pinpoint and examine the components affecting public acceptance of AVs. A model consisting of a network of hypothesised relationships is introduced. Thereafter, 526 residents in Seoul, Korea, were given a survey created for this research. Subsequently, to evaluate the collected information and estimate the model, structural equation modelling was adopted. The outcomes show individuals’ mindset on AVs, subjective customs, and behavioural influence directly influencing the acceptance of AVs. Furthermore, cognitive and emotive factors, namely comparative advantage, compatibility, complexity and hedonic motivation indirectly influence the acceptance of AVs via mindset and behavioural manipulation. Based on analysing the cumulative effect, attitude emerged with the strongest effect on public acceptance of autonomous vehicles. After this is, in decreasing order of influence, behavioural control, relative advantage, subjective norms, compatibility, hedonic motivation and complexity. The findings of this study implicate the prioritisation and allocation of resources, and policies relating to marketing, education, subsidisation and infrastructure development to better public acceptance of AVs.

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Drost, Rolinda, Albert Postma, and Erik Oudman. "Cognitive and affective theory of mind in Korsakoff’s syndrome." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 31, no. 03 (December 18, 2018): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.35.

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AbstractObjectiveKorsakoff’s syndrome (KS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by severe anterograde amnesia and executive deficits. Theory of Mind (ToM) is the capacity to represent others’ mental states such as their knowledge, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and intentions in order to explain and predict their behaviour. Surprisingly this topic has received hardly any attention in research on KS, although the severity of behavioural problems in KS suggest possible ToM difficulties. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess whether cognitive and affective ToM are impaired in patients with KS.MethodsWe examined 21 KS patients and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls on three standardised tests that assess cognitive and affective ToM, including the subtests of the mini-Social Cognition and Emotional Assessment battery and a specialised version of the Sally–Anne Test.ResultsKS patients showed largely impaired cognitive and affective ToM compared to healthy controls, as reflected in large effect sizes on both cognitive and affective ToM tests. Executive deficits explained problems in emotion recognition, but not other ToM aspects.ConclusionKS patients have large impairments in both cognitive and affective aspects of social cognition. Their ability to recognise emotions, take the perspective of others, and understand socially awkward situations is vastly compromised. The impairments in ToM functioning are to a large degree functionally discrepant from executive disorders that are commonly present in KS. This study therefore highlights the importance to properly index ToM functioning in neuropsychological assessments for individuals with a possible KS diagnosis.

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Sevgin, Mehmet. "The anchoring effect in the terms of behavioural economics." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 34 (February 22, 2021): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.34.10.

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The assumptions of rational choice or, more generally, standard economic theory have had great success regarding their contributions to economic theory. However, some of their assumptions are systematically inconsistent with some real-world observations and controlled experiments. These observations strongly remark on the existence of cognitive biases and heuristics. It is assumed that anchoring is one of the most robust cognitive bias, since it works implicitly, without an individual’s awareness. In this study, the anchoring effect will be discussed and analysed regarding its types and empirical findings. The research aims to distinguish the anchors in terms of their types. As a result, the author discovers five types of anchors: regular informative anchors, self-generated anchors, regular uninformative anchors, basic anchors, and incidental environmental anchors. The author claims that regular informative anchors should not be considered a cognitive bias, since their informativeness levels are sufficient to make rational estimations for unknown values. Moreover, since benefitting from regular informative anchors does not violate the rationality principle, they are not a part of a study of behavioural economics.

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Rees, Harvey. "Cognitive-analytical therapy – a most suitable training for psychiatrists?" Psychiatric Bulletin 24, no. 4 (April 2000): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.24.4.124.

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Cognitive-analytical therapy (CAT) is a time-limited, integrated psychotherapy and its features have been extensively described (Ryle, 1990, 1995). It emerged as a formal psychotherapy method in 1990 and was developed with the aim of providing psychotherapy within the NHS. As the name suggests, the model integrates a wide range of theory and practice (psychoanalytical, cognitive and behavioural) yet retains a distinct method. This paper describes potential applications of CAT to general psychiatric practice and discusses the value of formal training for psychiatrists.

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Sørensen, Jesper. "The question of ritual: a cognitive approach." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 18 (January 1, 2003): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67293.

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Why does ritual continue to be an issue in religious studies and in anthropology? In this paper the author proposes a cognitive approach to rituals, focusing those aspects of rituals that are distinct from other types of actions, together with what cognitive responses these differences provoke. It will be argued that rituals violate basic causal assumptions and by doing so, trigger off cognitive processes in order to ascribe purpose and meaning to the action. In conclusion, this will be related to findings in ethology and evolutionary theory, arguing that ritual as a behavioural category plays an important role in the formation of symbolic thinking.

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Bowers, Hannah M., Tony Kendrick, Marta Glowacka, Samantha Williams, Geraldine Leydon, Carl May, Chris Dowrick, et al. "Supporting antidepressant discontinuation: the development and optimisation of a digital intervention for patients in UK primary care using a theory, evidence and person-based approach." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e032312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032312.

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ObjectivesWe aimed to develop a digital intervention to support antidepressant discontinuation in UK primary care that is scalable, accessible, safe and feasible. In this paper, we describe the development using a theory, evidence and person-based approach.DesignIntervention development using a theory, evidence and person-based approach.SettingPrimary Care in the South of England.ParticipantsFifteen participants with a range of antidepressant experience took part in ‘think aloud’ interviews for intervention optimisation.InterventionOur digital intervention prototype (called ‘ADvisor’) was developed on the basis of a planning phase consisting of qualitative and quantitative reviews, an in-depth qualitative study, the development of guiding principles and a theory-based behavioural analysis. Our optimisation phase consisted of ‘think aloud’ interviews where the intervention was iteratively refined.ResultsThe qualitative systematic review and in-depth qualitative study highlighted the centrality of fear of depression relapse as a key barrier to discontinuation. The quantitative systematic review showed that psychologically informed approaches such as cognitive–behavioural therapy were associated with greater rates of discontinuation than simple advice to reduce. Following a behavioural diagnosis based on the behaviour change wheel, social cognitive theory provided a theoretical basis for the intervention. The intervention was optimised on the basis of think aloud interviews, where participants suggested they like the flexibility of the system and found it reassuring. Changes were made to the tone of the material and the structure was adjusted based on this qualitative feedback.Conclusions‘ADvisor’ is a theory, evidence and person-based digital intervention designed to support antidepressant discontinuation. The intervention was perceived as helpful and reassuring in optimisation interviews. Trials are now needed to determine the feasibility, clinical and cost-effectiveness of this approach.

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Salkovskis, Paul M., H. Candida Richards, and Elizabeth Forrester. "The Relationship Between Obsessional Problems and Intrusive Thoughts." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 3 (July 1995): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800015885.

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According to the cognitive theory, obsessional problems occur when the occurrence and/or content of intrusive thoughts are interpreted as a sign of increased personal responsibility for some harmful outcome to oneself or others. The link between normal intrusive thoughts and obsessional thoughts is outlined. Current definitions of “neutralizing” and “responsibility” within the cognitive framework are examined and clarified. Responsibility-driven attempts to control cognitive activity explain obsessional and compulsive phenomena better than generalized deficit models. Recent descriptions of “meta-cognitive” factors in obsessions echo the existing cognitive model and have similar implications. An extension of the cognitive-behavioural model suggests a link between thought suppression and the perception of responsibility and to concerns about failure to act (omissions).

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Rowland, T., TW Pike, and OHP Burman. "A network perspective on animal welfare." Animal Welfare 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.3.001.

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The scientific study of animal welfare involves measuring physiological, behavioural, and/or cognitive variables to infer the welfare state of animals. Such an approach implies these measures are indicators, or reflect, an unmeasured latent variable of welfare state. Drawing inspiration from recent developments in human psychology and psychiatry, in this paper we propose an alternative perspective in the form of a network theory of animal welfare. This theory posits that there is no latent variable; rather, welfare is a network system of causal interactions between and within behavioural, physiological, and cognitive components. We then describe a statistical network modelling approach motivated by network theory, in which welfare-related response variables are associated with each other after controlling for all other variables measured. In three examples using simulated data, we demonstrate how this approach can be used, and the sort of novel insights it can bring. These examples cover a range of species and research questions, which network analysis is well suited to address. We believe a network approach to animal welfare science holds promise for developing our understanding of the concept of animal welfare, as well as producing practical and meaningful information to improve the welfare of animals.

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Kellett, Stephen, and Kaaren Knight. "DOES THE CONCEPT OF OBJECT-AFFECT FUSION REFINE COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL THEORIES OF HOARDING?" Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 31, no. 4 (October 2003): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465803004077.

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Hoarding has been recognized as a frequent sub-component of obsessive-compulsive disorder that can occur at lesser frequency in a primary form. The theoretical and empirical literature on hoarding is still in its infancy. The current paper attempts to expand and refine CBT theory via the identification of the specific cognitive distortion of object-affect fusion (OAF) relating to problematic emotional attachment to objects. The concept of OAF is defined and then related to sentimental saving. Two case examples are detailed in which OAF represented the main focus of the CBT intervention. The case examples illustrate how OAF recognition can be integrated into and supplement existing CBT approaches to hoarding. Future theoretical and empirical developmental tasks in relation to OAF are identified and discussed.

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Boon, Brigitte, Wolfgang Stroebe, Henk Schut, and Anita Jansen. "Does Cognitive Distraction Lead to Overeating in Restrained Eaters?" Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 25, no. 4 (October 1997): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800018725.

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Restrained eaters have been found to overeat after various events or so-called disinhibitors, such as eating a preload or strong emotional states. Little research has focused on why such events lead to a break of the restrained eaters' control and to overeating. The present study examines the role of cognitive distraction as a possible mechanism underlying these effects. Two experiments were conducted, both designed to test hypotheses derived from Wegner's Ironic Process Theory and focusing on the behavioural consequences of cognitive control over eating. In both experiments subjects were tested in a 2 (restrained/unrestrained) by 2 (distraction/no distraction) design. The results do not confirm the prediction flowing from the Ironic Process Theory: cognitive distraction does not lead to overeating in restrained eaters. Implications of these findings for the Boundary Model are also discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive-Behavioural Theory'

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