Journal articles: 'Cognitive-behavioural factors'

1

Kleszczewska-Albińska, Angelika. "Selected cognitive-behavioural models of behavioural addictions." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 22, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2022.0002.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper discusses behavioural addiction in the context of cognitive-behavioural model of therapy. Behavioural addiction can be diagnosed based on the six main criteria: (1) preoccupation with activity, (2) mood modification resulting from involvement in behaviour, (3) increased level of tolerance for the addictive activity, (4) withdrawal symptoms, (5) increased number of conflicts, and (6) relapses. According to research conducted in a representative sample of Polish population aged 15 years and older, the most popular behavioural addictions in our country include workaholism, shopaholism, internet addiction, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and gambling. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for behavioural addictions. This approach is based mostly on Beck’s and Ellis’s traditional models. The models of cognitive-behavioural therapy include identification of early maladaptive experiences resulting in negative core beliefs. They also refer to psychopathological factors that were developed later in lifetime. Furthermore, they incorporate description of negative automatic thoughts that trigger addictive behaviours, and allow to observe the vicious circle and entanglement in addictive activity, which initially perceived as a way for reducing the tension, used in excess contributes to increased individual’s discomfort. Cognitive-behavioural therapy in behaviourally addicted patients usually includes an analysis of four phases: (1) antecedent phase, (2) triggering phase, (3) the phase of satisfying the needs connected to the addiction, and (4) the phase following the accomplishment of the addictive behaviour. Cognitive-behavioural therapy includes various methods of work based on the knowledge about cognitive processes. Interventions in this approach are structuralised and limited in time. There are three basic phases of cognitive-behavioural therapy: (1) behaviour modification, (2) cognitive restructuring, and (3) harm reduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Bedinger, Melissa. "Driving with music: cognitive-behavioural implications." Ergonomics 59, no. 10 (March 23, 2016): 1403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1143678.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Gosling, John A., Philip J. Batterham, and Helen Christensen. "Cognitive-behavioural factors that predict sleep disturbance 4years later." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 73, no. 6 (December 2012): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wiśniowska, Justyna, and Kamilla Puławska. "Efficacy of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis – a literature review." Aktualności Neurologiczne 21, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0005.

Full text

Abstract:

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms seen in patients with multiple sclerosis. Cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy can be a non-pharmacological approach for these patients. Van Kessel and Moss-Morris developed a cognitive-behavioural model to explain multiple sclerosis-related fatigue (2006). According to this model, inflammatory and demyelinating factors present in the central nervous system trigger fatigue, while cognitive interpretation, anxiety, or depressive symptoms and resting lifestyle are maintaining factors. Based on the cognitive-behavioural model of fatigue in multiple sclerosis, a protocol encompassing 8 treatment sessions was developed. For over 10 years, studies have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy in the treatment of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. The so far obtained results show that cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy has a moderate short-term effect on reducing fatigue, while the effect size in the long-term is small. The obtained results were undoubtedly influenced by several factors: the heterogeneity of the procedures used, the size of the research groups, and the large number of disease-related intermediary variables. Further research should be conducted to identify specific factors responsible for the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy in the treatment of fatigue and to assess the long-term effects of therapy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Naeem, Farooq, Peter Phiri, Shanaya Rathod, and Muhammad Ayub. "Cultural adaptation of cognitive–behavioural therapy." BJPsych Advances 25, no. 6 (April 10, 2019): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.15.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYThe study of cultural factors in the application of psychotherapy across cultures – ethnopsychotherapy – is an emerging field. It has been argued that Western cultural values underpin cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) as they do other modern psychosocial interventions developed in the West. Therefore, attempts have been made to culturally adapt CBT for ethnic minority patients in the West and local populations outside the West. Some frameworks have been proposed based on therapists’ individual experiences, but this article describes a framework that evolved from a series of qualitative studies to culturally adapt CBT and that was field tested in randomised controlled trials. We describe the process of adaptation, details of methods used and the areas that need to be focused on to adapt CBT to a given culture. Further research is required to move the field forward, but cultural adaptation alone cannot improve outcomes. Access to evidence-based psychosocial interventions, including CBT, needs to be improved for culturally adapted interventions to achieve their full potential.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •recognise the link between cultural factors and the need to adapt psychosocial interventions•identify the necessary steps to culturally adapt CBT•understand the modifications required to deliver therapy to individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chessell, Chloe, Brynjar Halldorsson, Kate Harvey, Carolina Guzman-Holst, and Cathy Creswell. "Cognitive, behavioural and familial maintenance mechanisms in childhood obsessive compulsive disorders: A systematic review." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 204380872110365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438087211036581.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is typically derived from adult cognitive behavioural models of OCD; however, it is unknown whether these adult models apply to preadolescent children. This systematic review examined whether 11 cognitive, behavioural and familial maintenance mechanisms identified from adult cognitive behavioural models of OCD and descriptions of how family factors may maintain OCD applied to preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive symptoms/disorder (OCS/OCD; Prospero:CRD42019153371). PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in March 2019, with forward citation handsearching conducted in March/April 2020. Twenty-nine studies were synthesised. Studies were identified for only six of the 11 proposed maintenance factors. Of the cognitive and behavioural factors, only inflated responsibility and meta-cognitive beliefs showed evidence of independent and/or specific associations with childhood OCS. Of the family factors, only less frequent displays of parental confidence, positive problem solving and rewarding of children’s independence showed some evidence of specificity to childhood OCD. Notably, findings across studies were inconsistent and existing studies have considerable methodological limitations. Experimental and prospective longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the proposed factors maintain childhood OCS/OCD, to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of CBT for preadolescent children with OCD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Adams, John W. "Individual differences in mathematical ability: genetic, cognitive and behavioural factors." Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 7, no. 2 (June 2007): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2007.00085.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Brooks, Samantha K., Trudie Chalder, and Katharine A. Rimes. "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Cognitive, Behavioural and Emotional Processing Vulnerability Factors." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 45, no. 2 (January 18, 2017): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465816000631.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Cognitive-behavioural models of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) suggest that personality factors such as perfectionism and high moral standards may contribute to the development of CFS. Aims: To investigate cognitive, behavioural and emotional processing risk factors for CFS. Method: CFS patients (n = 67) at a UK specialist clinic completed questionnaires about psychological characteristics both currently and retrospectively (6 months pre-CFS onset). Responses were compared with those of healthy individuals (n = 73) who rated their current characteristics. Forty-four relatives retrospectively rated the pre-morbid psychological characteristics of the CFS participants. Results: CFS patients showed similar levels of current perfectionism to controls, though higher pre-morbid perfectionism. CFS patients showed greater self-sacrificial beliefs and more unhelpful beliefs about experiencing and expressing negative emotions, both currently but more markedly prior to onset. In the 6 months pre-illness onset, CFS patients showed more disruption to their primary goal and greater general stress than controls. Ratings of pre-morbid psychological characteristics by relatives were consistent with patients’ self-reports. The extent of overinvestment in one goal was significantly associated with fatigue. Conclusions: Perfectionism, self-sacrificial tendencies, unhelpful beliefs about emotions, and perceived stress may be present to a greater extent pre-morbidly in CFS patients compared with healthy individuals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Button, Katherine S., Nicola J. Wiles, Glyn Lewis, Tim J. Peters, and David Kessler. "Factors associated with differential response to online cognitive behavioural therapy." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47, no. 5 (May 4, 2011): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0389-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Mahoney, Alison E. J., Megan J. Hobbs, Alishia D. Williams, Gavin Andrews, and Jill M. Newby. "The Mediating Relationship Between Maladaptive Behaviours, Cognitive Factors, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Symptoms." Behaviour Change 35, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.13.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive theories of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) posit that cognitive and behavioural factors maintain the disorder. This study examined whether avoidance and safety behaviours mediated the relationship between cognitive factors and GAD symptoms. We also examined the reverse mediation model; that is, whether cognitive factors mediated the relationship between maladaptive behaviours and GAD symptoms. Undergraduate psychology students (N = 125 and N = 292) completed the Worry Behaviours Inventory (a recently developed measure of maladaptive behaviours associated with GAD), in addition to measures of intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive avoidance, metacognitive beliefs, and symptoms of GAD and depression. Analyses supported the reliability and validity of the WBI. We consistently found that engagement in maladaptive behaviours significantly mediated the relationship between cognitive factors and symptoms of GAD. The reverse mediation model was also supported. Our results are consistent with the contention that cognitive and behavioural factors contribute to GAD symptom severity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Dessart, François J., Jesús Barreiro-Hurlé, and René van Bavel. "Behavioural factors affecting the adoption of sustainable farming practices: a policy-oriented review." European Review of Agricultural Economics 46, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 417–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz019.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper reviews the findings from the last 20 years on the behavioural factors that influence farmers’ decisions to adopt environmentally sustainable practices. It also proposes policy options to increase adoption, based on these behavioural factors and embedded in the EU Common Agricultural Policy. Behavioural factors are grouped into three clusters, from more distal to more proximal: (i) dispositional factors; (ii) social factors and (iii) cognitive factors. Overall, the review demonstrates that considering behavioural factors enriches economic analyses of farmer decision-making, and can lead to more realistic and effective agri-environmental policies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Scott, Jan. "Cognitive and behavioural approaches to medication adherence." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 5, no. 5 (September 1999): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.5.5.338.

Full text

Abstract:

“The desire to take medication is perhaps the greatest feature which distinguishes man from animals.” (Sir William Osler)Medication non-adherence is a major obstacle to translating treatment efficacy in research settings into effectiveness in clinical practice (Dickson & Kendall, 1986; Scott, 1995). Randomised controlled trials indicate that brief interventions such as cognitive-behavioural educational packages for depression, cognitive therapy for lithium clinic attenders and compliance therapy for people with schizophrenia may be beneficial (Cochran, 1984; Katon et al, 1995; Kemp et al, 1996). However, clinical psychiatry has been surprisingly slow to investigate individual risk factors for medication non-adherence or to use strategies to enhance adherence that have been used extensively in other chronic illness populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Jane, Vosper, D. Clin Psy, Michael Evangeli, Clin Psy D, John Porter, and Farrukh Shah. "Psychological Factors Associated With Episodic Oral Chelation Adherence In Thalassaemia." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4706.4706.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives Beta-Thalassaemia-Major is a life-long genetic haemoglobin disorder where patients require intensive regimens, including frequent blood transfusions and daily chelation therapy. Despite the introduction of oral chelators, non-adherence continues to be prevalent. Understanding psychosocial correlates of chelation adherence is important when considering potential interventions to improve adherence as they may be potentially modifiable. Previous studies of the relationships between psychosocial factors and chelation adherence have neither been theory driven nor assessed theoretically important variables such as self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. In addition, there has been little investigation of situational determinants of adherence (cognitive, behavioural or affective). This study, informed by the Health Action Process Approach, investigated within-participant correlates of oral chelation adherence on a daily (episodic) basis. Design The study used a within-participant cross sectional design. Thirty seven adult participants with Beta-Thalassaemia Major were recruited from clinics at two hospitals, of which 31 were able to identify an adherent and non-adherent episode within the last two months. Sampling was systematic. Main outcome measures A structured interview was developed to assess cognitive, behavioural and affective situational variables related to recent adherent and non-adherent episodes. The main cognitive variables (situational self-efficacy and outcome expectancies) were derived from The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Behavioural situation variables included substance use, day of the week, activity, location, access to medication, reminder cues and social context. Affective situational variables were mood and bodily pain. Results Positive outcome expectancies and higher self-efficacy together significantly predicted adherent episodes (p<0.001), however, only self-efficacy independently predicted adherent episodes (β=-.0.26, SE=0.11, p=0.018). This relationship persisted when potentially confounding behavioural factors were controlled (difficulty in accessing medication, location and whether alone) (See Table 1). Conclusion Findings were consistent with the HAPA and suggested the importance of situational cognitive factors, particularly self-efficacy, to chelation adherence. These findings add to the evidence of the effect of self-efficacy on medication adherence across medical conditions and extend previous work in emphasising situational variation in self-efficacy. Adherence interventions should consider situational variables (cognitive and behavioural) that are potentially modifiable. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Salmoiraghi, Alberto, and Rajvinder Sambhi. "Early termination of cognitive-behavioural interventions: literature review." Psychiatrist 34, no. 12 (December 2010): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.030775.

Full text

Abstract:

Aims and methodThe evidence of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural interventions is well established. Despite this, clinicians often face a consistent number of not attended appointments or early treatment discontinuation rates. This paper reviews the literature to date regarding the possible causes of early termination of cognitive-behavioural interventions. A literature search was done using Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library.ResultsWe reviewed 14 articles. Out of these, two were randomised controlled trials, one was a controlled trial and the rest were cohort studies. Drop-out was defined differently across papers. There are many factors that may affect early treatment discontinuation rates and they are described individually.Clinical implicationsThere does not appear to be a single strong predictor of early treatment discontinuation. Specific literature relating to cognitive-behavioural therapy is scarce. However, some factors such as young age, education level and psychopathology appear to be more strongly associated with early treatment discontinuation than others.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Geraghty, Keith J., and Charlotte Blease. "Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 1 (September 15, 2016): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316667798.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive behavioural therapy is increasingly promoted as a treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. There is limited research on informed consent using cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. We undertook a narrative review to explore efficacy and to identify the salient information that should be disclosed to patients. We found a complex theoretical model underlying the rationale for psychotherapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. Cognitive behavioural therapy may bring about changes in self-reported fatigue for some patients in the short term, however there is a lack of evidence for long-term benefit or for improving physical function and cognitive behavioural therapy may cause distress if inappropriately prescribed. Therapist effects and placebo effects are important outcome factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Elmo, Davide, and Doug Stead. "The Role of Behavioural Factors and Cognitive Biases in Rock Engineering." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 54, no. 5 (February 9, 2021): 2109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02385-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Speckens, Anne E. M., Philip Spinhoven, Albert M. van Hemert, Jan H. Bolk, and Keith E. Hawton. "Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Unexplained Physical Symptoms: Process and Prognostic Factors." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 25, no. 3 (July 1997): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800018580.

Full text

Abstract:

The aims of this study were to examine the construct validity of a cognitive behavioural treatment model for medically unexplained physical symptoms and to examine potential predictors of treatment outcome. In concordance with the treatment model we used, the extent of hypochondriacal cognitions and psychological distress at baseline appeared to be associated. Change in hypochondriacal cognitions was related to change in psychological distress. The extent of hypochondriacal cognitions after treatment was predictive of the level of psychological distress at one year follow-up. The only baseline variable that predicted a negative treatment outcome was illness behaviour.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Newark, Patricia Elizabeth, and Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz. "Therapy-relevant factors in adult ADHD from a cognitive behavioural perspective." ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2010): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0023-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Pentaraki, Alexandra D. "Treatment outcomes in depression: reducing drop-out rates in cognitive therapy." BJPsych Advances 24, no. 2 (March 2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2017.8.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYAlthough cognitive therapy is a promising treatment for depression, high drop-out rates and, conversely, the specific elements that make the intervention effective continue to puzzle practising clinicians. This article discusses both therapist-related factors (including competence and competencies) and patient-related factors (such as engagement in therapy and external logistical problems with attendance) that are related to drop-out and suggests practical ways to address them and improve outcomes. It examines cognitive and behavioural elements of manualised cognitive therapy and discusses findings relating to cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) in particular.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand factors associated with high drop-out rates in the cognitive therapy of depression and ways to reduce them•Learn about treatment integrity in cognitive therapy of depression and its relationship to the clinical outcome•Identify specific cognitive therapy techniques associated with patients' improvement in depressionDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Antony, Anu, and Ansted Iype Joseph. "Influence of Behavioural Factors Affecting Investment Decision—An AHP Analysis." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 16, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622517738833.

Full text

Abstract:

Investors exhibit irrational behaviour in their decision-making. The decision-making process itself is considered to be a cognitive process as the investors have to make a decision based on various alternatives available to them. The researchers have found that the investors’ decision-making was adversely affected by the various psychological/behavioural factors. The current study was carried forward to identify the effect of the behavioural factors affecting the investment decision of the investors. Five behavioural factors, namely overconfidence bias, representative bias, regret aversion, mental accounting, and herd behaviour, were considered to study the behavioural biases of the investors. The study sample was taken from investors of Kerala, and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to analyse the intensity of behavioural factors affecting the investment decision. Based on the priority vector, it was found that the investors of Kerala were highly influenced with overconfidence bias and regret aversion. Herd behaviour had less effect on their decision-making.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Martin, Glen P., Kathryn R. McDonald, David Allsop, Peter J. Diggle, and Iracema Leroi. "Apathy as a behavioural marker of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal analysis." Journal of Neurology 267, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09538-z.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Understanding the longitudinal course of non-motor symptoms, and finding markers to predict cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD), are priorities. Previous work has demonstrated that apathy is one of the only behavioural symptoms that differentiates people with PD and intact cognition from those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI-PD). Other psychiatric symptoms emerge as dementia in PD develops. Objective We explored statistical models of longitudinal change to detect apathy as a behavioural predictor of cognitive decline in PD. Methods We followed 104 people with PD intermittently over 2 years, undertaking a variety of motor, behavioural and cognitive measures. We applied a linear mixed effects model to explore behavioural factors associated with cognitive change over time. Our approach goes beyond conventional modelling based on a random-intercept and slope approach, and can be used to examine the variability in measures within individuals over time. Results Global cognitive scores worsened during the two-year follow-up, whereas the longitudinal evolution of self-rated apathy scores and other behavioural measures was negligible. Level of apathy was negatively (− 0.598) correlated with level of cognitive impairment and participants with higher than average apathy scores at baseline also had poorer cognition. The model indicated that departure from the mean apathy score at any point in time was mirrored by a corresponding departure from average global cognitive score. Conclusion High levels of apathy are predictive of negative cognitive and behavioural outcomes over time, suggesting that apathy may be a behavioural indicator of early cognitive decline. This has clinical and prognostic implications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Leal, Manuel, and Brian J. Powell. "Behavioural flexibility and problem-solving in a tropical lizard." Biology Letters 8, no. 1 (July 13, 2011): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0480.

Full text

Abstract:

The role of behavioural flexibility in responding to new or changing environmental challenges is a central theme in cognitive ecology. Studies of behavioural flexibility have focused mostly on mammals and birds because theory predicts that behavioural flexibility is favoured in species or clades that exploit a diversity of habitats or food sources and/or have complex social structure, attributes not associated with ectothermic vertebrates. Here, we present the results of a series of experiments designed to test cognitive abilities across multiple cognitive modules in a tropical arboreal lizard: Anolis evermanni . This lizard shows behavioural flexibility across multiple cognitive tasks, including solving a novel motor task using multiple strategies and reversal learning, as well as rapid associative learning. This flexibility was unexpected because lizards are commonly believed to have limited cognitive abilities and highly stereotyped behaviour. Our findings indicate that the cognitive abilities of A. evermanni are comparable with those of some endothermic species that are recognized to be highly flexible, and strongly suggest a re-thinking of our understanding of the cognitive abilities of ectothermic tetrapods and of the factors favouring the evolution of behavioural flexibility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Ben Nefissa, Basma, and Faouzi Jilani Jilani. "Behavioural Accounting Explained through Different Factors." Indonesian Management and Accounting Research 20, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/imar.v20i1.8155.

Full text

Abstract:

The positive theory of accounting initiated by Watts and Zinmerman in 1978 postulates that the purpose of accounting is to describe, explain and predict accounting facts. The major contribution of this theory is to analyze the effect of accounting output on the main recipients of financial statements. However, in spite of its notable contributions, the positive theory of accounting falls short of studying the context in which the decision-making process by agents takes place s. It has been proved that this context conditions the decision-making process. Numerous studies have therefore been interested in the characteristics of the environment, which include both, organizational factors and individual factors that would condition decisions. It is from this perspective that behavioural accounting, a branch of accounting defined by Hofsted and Kinard (1970) as the analysis of the attitudes of accountants andparticularly non-accountants under the prism of the impact of accounting andparticularly accounting reports, has been developed. Thus, in many fields, both accounting and non-accounting, researchers have felt the need to take a closer look at the behavioural dimension, mainly theemotional and cognitive dimensions of decision-makers, particularly executives, because these dimensions have a significant influence on the decision-making process.In the first part of our article, we will therefore show how the development of behavioral research has taken place in many fields. The aim is to prove that man is not a machine and that man’s specificities, both cognitive and emotional, must be rigorously analyzed to avoid unexpected results .Subsequently, we present a more or less diverse range of work on behavioral accounting . Finally, we prove through a careful and rigorous review of the accounting literature that behavioral accounting offers the opportunity for researchers, particularly practitioners, to be apprehended and thus evaluated through different faculties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Neher, Margit, Annette Nygårdh, Per Nilsen, Anders Broström, and Peter Johansson. "Implementing internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with cardiovascular disease and psychological distress: a scoping review." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 18, no. 5 (February 22, 2019): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515119833251.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Comorbid psychological distress (i.e. insomnia and depression) is experienced by 20–40% of patients with cardiovascular disease. This has a considerable impact on their health and quality of life, leading to frequent re-hospitalisations, higher healthcare costs and a shorter life expectancy. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy shows great potential for treating psychological distress in cardiovascular disease. Effective and feasible treatments can, however, only benefit patients if they are fully implemented in clinical care. Aim: This scoping review aimed to explore the literature for internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in cardiovascular disease and for strategies to implement the intervention. Methods: We searched electronic databases, journals and internet sources to find original studies about internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in cardiovascular disease, adhering to scoping methodology guidelines. After identifying 267 titles, we screened 40 abstracts and chose 11 full-text articles for full-text screening. The results sections in four articles were searched for outcomes that related to the effectiveness and implementation of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy by directed qualitative content analysis using an implementation framework. Results: Three of the four articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria concerned internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for treating mild to moderate depressive symptoms in cardiovascular disease, and none focused on insomnia. The studies showed evidence for the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy, and/or described patient factors influencing clinical effectiveness. Our qualitative content analysis showed that many implementation aspects and stakeholder perspectives remain unexplored. Conclusions: Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy promises to alleviate patient suffering in cardiovascular disease. There is, however, little research about internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for cardiovascular disease, and about how this evidence-based intervention is implemented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Adamson, James, Sheila Ali, Alastair Santhouse, Simon Wessely, and Trudie Chalder. "Cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: outcomes from a specialist clinic in the UK." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 113, no. 10 (September 15, 2020): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076820951545.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives Cognitive behavioural therapy is commonly used to treat chronic fatigue syndrome and has been shown to be effective for reducing fatigue and improving physical functioning. Most of the evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome is from randomised control trials, but there are only a few studies in naturalistic treatment settings. Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in a naturalistic setting and examine what factors, if any, predicted outcome. Design Using linear mixed effects analysis, we analysed patients' self-reported symptomology over the course of treatment and at three-month follow-up. Furthermore, we explored what baseline factors were associated with improvement at follow-up. Setting Data were available for 995 patients receiving cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome at an outpatient clinic in the UK. Participants Participants were referred consecutively to a specialist unit for chronic fatigue or chronic fatigue syndrome. Main outcome measures Patients were assessed throughout their treatment using self-report measures including the Chalder Fatigue Scale, 36-item Short Form Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Global Improvement and Satisfaction. Results Patients’ fatigue, physical functioning and social adjustment scores significantly improved over the duration of treatment with medium to large effect sizes (|d| = 0.45–0.91). Furthermore, 85% of patients self-reported that they felt an improvement in their fatigue at follow-up and 90% were satisfied with their treatment. None of the regression models convincingly predicted improvement in outcomes with the best model being (R2 = 0.137). Conclusions Patients’ fatigue, physical functioning and social adjustment all significantly improved following cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in a naturalistic outpatient setting. These findings support the growing evidence from previous randomised control trials and suggest that cognitive behavioural therapy could be an effective treatment in routine treatment settings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bhugra, Dinesh, and Susham Gupta. "Leadership, decision-making and errors: cultural factors." International Psychiatry 7, no. 2 (April 2010): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000566x.

Full text

Abstract:

As clinicians, we are used to making often fast and life-altering decisions. As professionals, the clinical decisions we make depend upon our training, knowledge base, supervision, expertise and experience. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity and cultural background can also influence our views. However, rarely do we step back to think about the mental processes behind our decision-making. In cognitive–behavioural therapy and in our general dealings with patients, we aim to help them identify their cognitive schema and attribution errors as a way forward; but we rarely reflect on our own cognitive schema and possible misattribution in making decisions. Both patients and healthcare professionals are affected by cultural norms, mores and expectations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Farzad, Maryam, Joy C. MacDermid, David C. Ring, and Erfan Shafiee. "A Scoping Review of the Evidence regarding Assessment and Management of Psychological Features of Shoulder Pain." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2021 (September 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7211201.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and Aim. Shoulder pain is second only to low back pain among costs associated with the care of musculoskeletal disorders. Psychological factors, social factors, and mental health can contribute to shoulder pain and resulting functional disability. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify the nature of the research that has integrated psychological assessment and treatment in the management of shoulder pain. Methods. A scoping review of research studies identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL and graduate theses identified using Google Scholar was conducted to determine studies and systematic reviews that addressed the management of psychological aspects of shoulder pain with or without neck pain. The search terms included psychological factors, anxiety, depression, catastrophic thinking, fear of movement, and psychological treatments. Two investigators screened study titles and abstracts. Data extraction, content analysis, and thematic coding focused on the dimensions of pain addressed (emotional, behavioural, and cognitive) and treatment approaches used (dimensions targeted, specific treatment parameters) and the linkage between treatment targets/rationale with interventions/outcomes measured. Results. Ten studies (seven randomized trials and three cohorts) were identified that addressed the psychological aspects of shoulder pain. Out of seven RCTs, four compared psychological interventions with usual care. Eight studies used cognitive approaches, including emotional freedom techniques (EFT), pain coping strategies (PCS), physical-cognitive-mindfulness training (PCMT), psychological flexibility, face-to-face cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT), and cognitive therapy using virtual reality (V.R.). Three studies used the behavioural approaches as their intervention, including behavioural therapy and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET). Pain intensity was addressed as the primary outcome in two studies and as a secondary outcome in five studies. Cognitive factors were evaluated in 50% of the articles using nine different measures. Emotional factors were evaluated in 80% of articles using ten different measures. Reduction of pain intensity and catastrophic thinking concerning pain was achieved in most studies using a biopsychosocial approach (70%). Applying a behavioural approach was associated with reductions in kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing. Cognitive approaches had a positive association with reductions in the emotional aspect of pain. Only one study specifically linked rationale or specific physical and psychosocial treatment targets with the treatments provided and outcomes measured. Conclusions. Small pools of studies indicate that the rationale and treatment targeting are poorly defined in biopsychosocial interventions for shoulder pain. However, these benefits have been demonstrated when cognitive or behavioural components are added to the standard physical treatment of shoulder pain. A better definition of treatment targets, description of intervention components, and linkage of outcomes to targets are needed to advance our understanding of optimizing bio-psychosocial approaches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Almlöv, Jonas, Per Carlbring, Thomas Berger, Pim Cuijpers, and Gerhard Andersson. "Therapist Factors in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder." Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 38, no. 4 (October 2, 2009): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16506070903116935.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Duncan, Edward A. S., Margaret M. Nicol, and Alastair Ager. "FACTORS THAT CONSTITUTE A GOOD COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT MANUAL: A DELPHI STUDY." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 32, no. 2 (April 2004): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246580400116x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Currell, Siobhan, Thomas Christodoulides, Jonna Siitarinen, and Robert Dudley. "Patient Factors that Impact upon Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis: Therapists’ Perspectives." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 4 (June 25, 2015): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465815000260.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Randomized controlled trials have established that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in helping people with psychosis, though there is enormous variability in outcome. It is not clear what patient factors contribute to good outcomes. In fact, most studies considering client factors have excluded people with psychosis. It is clinicians who are deciding who is likely to benefit from CBT for psychosis (CBTp), though little is understood in terms of their views on who benefits from CBTp. Aims: This study investigated clinicians’ views on client characteristics that influence outcome in CBTp. Method: A Q-set of 61 client characteristics was developed from a literature search and interviews with clinicians experienced in working with CBT and/or psychosis. Twenty-one participants (familiar with psychosis and CBT through education, profession, practice or knowledge) rated the items based on their importance in effecting a positive outcome, on a forced normal distribution. Results: 21 completed Q-sorts yielded four factors, named as: acceptance and application of the cognitive model; attending to the present; secure base; meaningful active collaboration. Conclusions: Items regarding therapeutic alliance were highly endorsed throughout all factors. Some empirically-based items were not endorsed, although overall, clinician responses were consistent with prior research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Urquhart, Donna M., Pyae P. Phyomaung, Julia Dubowitz, Sanduni Fernando, Anita E. Wluka, Paul Raajmaakers, Yuanyuan Wang, and Flavia M. Cicuttini. "Are cognitive and behavioural factors associated with knee pain? A systematic review." Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 44, no. 4 (February 2015): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.07.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hodgins, Faith, Steve Bell, and Sharon Abrahams. "Factors influencing implementation of cognitive and behavioural screening in motor neurone disease." British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 14, no. 3 (June 2, 2018): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2018.14.3.115.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Salkovskis, Paul M. "Cognitive-behavioural factors and the persistence of intrusive thoughts in obsessional problems." Behaviour Research and Therapy 27, no. 6 (1989): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(89)90152-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Angel Ferrero, Maria Claudia, and Véronique Bessière. "From Lab to Venture: Cognitive Factors Influencing Researchers' Decision to Start a Venture." Journal of Enterprising Culture 24, no. 02 (June 2016): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495816500059.

Full text

Abstract:

Research in academic entrepreneurship has gained momentum in the last decades, mainly because of its contribution to technological innovations and national economies. However, little attention has been paid to the cognitive factors influencing the decision by researchers to create a venture. The purpose of this article is to draw on the tenets of entrepreneurial cognition and behavioural decision-making theories to explain why some researchers decide to become entrepreneurs. Our research analyses the difference in cognitive style and risk behaviour between academics that moved from research to spin-off ventures and academics that remain in the laboratory. Our results provide empirical evidence that higher self-efficacy and risk-taking behaviour are positively related to researchers' transition to academic spin-offs, while opportunity recognition skills were not observed to have significant effects. Taken together, these results emphasise the need for further research on cognitive and behavioural factors influencing the decision by researchers to start a venture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Cella, M., P. D. White, M. Sharpe, and T. Chalder. "Cognitions, behaviours and co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 2 (May 9, 2012): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000979.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundSpecific cognitions and behaviours are hypothesized to be important in maintaining chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Previous research has shown that a substantial proportion of CFS patients have co-morbid anxiety and/or depression. This study aims to measure the prevalence of specific cognitions and behaviours in patients with CFS and to determine their association with co-morbid anxiety or depression disorders.MethodA total of 640 patients meeting Oxford criteria for CFS were recruited into a treatment trial (i.e. the PACE trial). Measures analysed were: the Cognitive Behavioural Response Questionnaire, the Chalder Fatigue Scale and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. Anxiety and depression diagnoses were from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to explore the associations between cognitive-behavioural factors in patients with and without co-morbid anxiety and/or depression.ResultsOf the total sample, 54% had a diagnosis of CFS and no depression or anxiety disorder, 14% had CFS and one anxiety disorder, 14% had CFS and depressive disorder and 18% had CFS and both depression and anxiety disorders. Cognitive and behavioural factors were associated with co-morbid diagnoses; however, some of the mean differences between groups were small. Beliefs about damage and symptom focussing were more frequent in patients with anxiety disorders while embarrassment and behavioural avoidance were more common in patients with depressive disorder.ConclusionsCognitions and behaviours hypothesized to perpetuate CFS differed in patients with concomitant depression and anxiety. Cognitive behavioural treatments should be tailored appropriately.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Döbrőssy, Lajos, Attila Kovács, Ágnes Cornides, and András Budai. "Factors influencing participation in colorectal screening." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 27 (July 2014): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29937.

Full text

Abstract:

Participation of the target population in coloretal screening is generally low. In addition to demographic and socio-economic factors, the health care system and- in particular – family doctors play an important role. Further, the rate of participation is influenced by psychological, cognitive and behavioural factors, too. The paper analyses factors related to colorectal screening behaviour and potential interventions designed to screening uptake. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(27), 1051–1056.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Alekhin, A. N., and E. A. Trifonova. "Psychological factors of cardiometabolic risk: History and modern state." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 18, no. 4 (August 28, 2012): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2012-18-4-278-291.

Full text

Abstract:

The history of psychosomatic research and current studies of psychological influences on cardiometabolic risk are reviewed. Personality, psychopathological, situational and cognitive-behavioural risk factors are considered. Shortages of current studies are pointed out, the necessity of integration of different psychosomatic approaches as well as the need for individually-oriented investigations are stressed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Kleszczewska-Albińska, Angelika. "Creating a healthy work environment for the well-being of a cognitive behavioural psychotherapist." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2020.0035.

Full text

Abstract:

The work of a cognitive behavioural therapist is associated with a number of factors contributing to the feeling of satisfaction as well as many concerns. Studies show that psychotherapists are vulnerable to the effects of distress which, if left unattended, lead to burnout and serious professional impairments. Even though it has been emphasised that self-care of a psychotherapist is more of an imperative than an option, all too often professionals ignore their needs. Among the most common self-care myths cognitive behavioural therapists believe in, one may find the assumptions that self-care is optional, the knowledge how to look after oneself is equivalent to managing it, and coping is identical to being a therapist. Responsibility for oneself is usually an optional topic during education and supervision processes. Even though articles on that subject are widely available, it is important to analyse the problem of self-care, and to propose ways for creating a healthy work environment for cognitive behavioural therapists. In the article, the core ideas concerning the cognitive behavioural model of therapy are presented, and the cognitive behavioural model of burnout is described. In addition, the role of self-care in professional activity among cognitive behavioural psychotherapists is examined. The data on the role of awareness, balance, flexibility, and health in increasing self-care practices among psychotherapists is presented, and the importance of a proactive approach to self-care is highlighted. Furthermore, the main ideas that should be incorporated in training courses and supervision are given, together with the description of the role of supervision in psychotherapeutic work.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

White, Craig, and William Sellwood. "Cognitive Factors in the Maintenance of Injection Phobia." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 1 (January 1995): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246580001763x.

Full text

Abstract:

Injection phobia is a “specific phobia” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) in which affected individuals display an atypical physiological response pattern resulting in vasovagal hypotensive fainting on prolonged exposure. Between 50–60% of people with injection phobia report a history of fainting when confronted with their phobic situation. Applied tension has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic intervention for blood phobia in which similar vasovagal responses occur (Öst, Fellenius and Stelner, 1991). It has been shown that cognitive factors can prevent engagement with the treatment of phobic disorders. A case meeting DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia, blood-injection-injury type (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is described. It illustrates that cognitive factors may prevent full compliance with applied tension and that behavioural experimentation is a useful strategy for dealing with such phenomena.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Furnham, Adrian. "Individual differences, affective and social factors." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 2 (April 2006): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06329044.

Full text

Abstract:

The target article overestimates the power of money as a motive/incentive in order to justify trying to provide a biological theory. A great deal of the article is spent trying to force-fit other explanations into this course categorization. Lea & Webley's (L&W's) account seems to ignore systematic, individual differences, as well as the literature on many negative affective associations of money and behavioural economics, which is a cognitive account of money motivation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Vielva, Isabel, and Ioseba Iraurgi. "Cognitive and behavioural factors as predictors of abstinence following treatment for alcohol dependence." Addiction 96, no. 2 (February 2001): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96229713.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

McGowan, John F., Tony Lavender, and Philippa A. Garety. "Factors in outcome of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis: Users' and clinicians' views." Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 78, no. 4 (December 2005): 513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/147608305x52559.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Sabates, Ricardo, and Shirley Dex. "The Impact of Multiple Risk Factors on Young Children's Cognitive and Behavioural Development." Children & Society 29, no. 2 (April 27, 2013): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/chso.12024.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Schwartz, C., S. Hilbert, C. Schubert, S. Schlegl, T. Freyer, B. Löwe, B. Osen, and U. Voderholzer. "Change Factors in the Process of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 24, no. 3 (October 3, 2016): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2045.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Whyte, Stephen, Joanna Rego, Ho Fai Chan, Raymond J. Chan, Patsy Yates, and Uwe Dulleck. "Cognitive and behavioural bias in advance care planning." Palliative Care and Social Practice 16 (January 2022): 263235242210924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26323524221092458.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: We explore cognitive and behavioural biases that influence individual’s willingness to engage advance care planning (ACP). Because contexts for the initiation of ACP discussions can be so different, our objective in this study was to identify specific groups, particular preferences or uniform behaviours, that may be prone to cognitive bias in the ACP decision process. Method: We collected data from the Australian general public ( n = 1253), as well as general practitioners (GPs) and nurses ( n = 117) including demographics, stated preference for ACP decision-making; six cognitive bias tests commonly used in Behavioural Economics; and a framing experiment in the context of ACP. Results: Compared to GPs ( M = 57.6 years, SD = 17.2) and the general public (58.1 years, SD = 14.56), nurses on average recommend ACP discussions with patients occur approximately 15 years earlier ( M = 42.9 years, SD = 23.1; p < 0.0001 in both cases). There is a positive correlation between the age of the general population and the preferred age for the initial ACP discussion ( ρ = 0.368, p < 0.001). Our shared decision-making analysis shows the mean share of doctor’s ACP input is viewed to be approximately 40% by the general public, significantly higher than health professionals (GPs and nurses), who believe doctors should only contribute approximately 20% input. The general public show varying relationships (all p < 0.05) for both first ACP discussion, and shared decision-making for five of six cognitive tests. However, for health professionals, only those who exhibit confirmation bias show differences (8.4% higher; p = 0.035) of patient’s input. Our framing experiment results show that positive versus negative framing can result in as much as 4.9–7.0% shift in preference for factors most relevant to ACP uptake. Conclusion: Understanding how GPs, nurses and patients perceive, engage and choose to communicate ACP and how specific groups, particular preferences or uniform behaviours, may be prone to cognitive bias in the decision process is of critical importance for increasing future uptake and efficient future healthcare provision.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Buchanan, Kiera, Jeanie Sheffield, and Wee Hong Tan. "Predictors of diet failure: A multifactorial cognitive and behavioural model." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 7 (January 22, 2017): 857–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316689605.

Full text

Abstract:

Obesity is recognised as a multidetermined issue. However, research aimed at addressing diet failure has typically examined factors in isolation. Furthermore, previous research has included limited input from dieters themselves. A qualitative study identified a number of themes contributing to diet failure. This study aimed to test these themes with a larger sample ( n = 426) while also determining their fit within a multifactorial model. The results of this study supported the conceptualisation of diet failure using a multifactorial model while also illustrating correlational pathways to be more complex than currently understood in the literature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Morris, Edward K. "The Molloy-Birnbrauer Exchange: How Many Factors do a Psychology Make?" Behaviour Change 3, no. 1 (March 1986): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900009049.

Full text

Abstract:

Molloy and Birnbrauer have recently exchanged views in this journal over how how many factors are necessary to provide an adequate account of human behaviour and behaviour change. Their differences apparently reflect alternative conceptualizations of the roles played by physiology and cognition in the analysis of behaviour. The present paper provides some background to these issues, showing that the current cognitive behavioural approach to physiology and cognition is but a reworking of some aspects of traditional mentalism. Following this, several alternatives to this traditional conceptualization are offered by way of (a) an analysis of how functional and structural contextual conditions affect behaviour and (b) distinctions between issues of behavioural process and content-related behavioural substance. For psychology to be a cumulative and progressive enterprise, a natural science approach to issues of physiology and cognition must be maintained, no matter how many factors may be tajcen as germane to human behaviour and behaviour change

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ghal, F., M. El Karoui, L. Robbana, R. Beji, G. Jmii, M. Zghal, I. Ben Ghzaeil, L. Jouini, and R. Rafrafi. "Mistreatment of Alzheimer's Patients: Predictive Factors." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S650—S651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1085.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionViolence against elderly persons is an intricate social, legal and ethic issue. Alzheimer's patients are the most vulnerable individuals to mistreatment and neglect. The aggressor can be even the main helper of the patient. We noticed a wide underestimation of this phenomenon, which remains taboo subject in our society.Objectives and methods– The aim of our study is to identify predictive factors of mistreatment of Alzheimer's patients through a prospective and descriptive study, within patients following in the department of neurology in Razi's hospital.– we evaluate cognitive function (MMSE) and the importance of behavioural disorders.– we explored helper's socio-demographic characteristics and the quality of aid relationship.– anger and hostility within relationship were estimated through family attitude scale.ResultsOur sample accounts 60 informal caregivers predominately female (91.7%) with an average age of 49.67 years, mostly are married (71.66%) and jobless (38.88%):– in 78.3% of cases, caregivers spent about 12 to 24 hours per day with Alzheimer's patient.– the average score of FAS was about 52.4% with an important emotional charge (score >60).– twenty-five caregivers wished the death of the patient and 42 others admitted being sarcastic with him.– We noticed a correlation between mistreatment and both cognitive function and behavioural disorders.ConclusionOur results support the fact that mistreatment of people with dementia is closely related with the exhausting situation of the main caregiver.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Scott, Jan. "Cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe mental disorders: Back to the future?" British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 6 (June 2008): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.053876.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryLike recent medication studies, it appears that when cognitive-behavioural therapy is tested in pragmatic effectiveness trials involving routine clinical populations it does not fare as well as in efficacy trials. Given the multitude of factors that can ‘muddy the waters’ in clinical trials, how do we best make sense of the findings?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Lawson, Katharine R., and Holly A. Ruff. "Early attention and negative emotionality predict later cognitive and behavioural function." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 2 (March 2004): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000361.

Full text

Abstract:

Negative emotionality and poor attention may combine or interact as risk factors in development. Negative emotionality is considered a challenge for self-regulation, whereas good attention is a potential means of self-regulation. In the current study, composites of 1- and 2-year maternal ratings of negative emotionality and global ratings of observed attentiveness were predictors for 3.5-year cognitive and behavioural outcome for 75 children. Results of variable-based regression analyses indicated that early negativity and attentiveness predicted IQ and scores on a hyperactivity index; only negativity predicted a global measure of behaviour problems. Results of person-based analyses for groups formed by median splits on negativity and attention suggested that the More Negative/Less Attentive group had significantly poorer outcome than the other three groups combined (those with one or none of the two risk factors). Comparisons of mean differences also suggested a protective effect of greater attentiveness for more negative as opposed to less negative children for all outcomes. The results extend prior work in providing longitudinal data over the first 3 years and including both cognitive and behavioural outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive-behavioural factors'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles