Journal articles: 'Cognitive appraisal theory'

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Solem, Stian, Kristen Hagen, Bjarne Hansen, Åshild T. Håland, Gunvor Launes, Adam B. Lewin, Eric A. Storch, and Patrick A. Vogel. "Thought Content and Appraisals in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 2 (2015): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.29.2.106.

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A premise for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is that appraisal of obsessions maintains OCD symptoms whereas obsessive content is less important. The main aim of this study was therefore to explore this notion using the autogenous and reactive classification of obsessive content and by assessing changes in appraisals and symptoms following CBT for OCD. More specifically, the study investigates whether recovery from OCD is associated with changes in appraisal and explores how thought content relates to appraisal and symptoms both before and CBT. Data from 156 adults with OCD completing CBT for OCD were analyzed. Changes in appraisals were related to improvement in OCD symptoms. Slightly more participants reported reactive intrusions (47%) than autogenous (29%), but combinations of the two were common (24%). These classifications of thought content were not related to levels of appraisal or change in symptoms, with the exception of patients with autogenous thoughts who appraised their intrusions as more important than others. OCD is heterogeneous regarding thought content and strength of appraisals but can be quite homogeneous in terms of CBT treatment response. Also, and in line with cognitive theory, recovery from OCD is associated with changes in appraisals.

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Osborne, Margaret S., and Gary E. McPherson. "Precompetitive appraisal, performance anxiety and confidence in conservatorium musicians: A case for coping." Psychology of Music 47, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735618755000.

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The way musicians appraise their abilities to succeed in a forthcoming evaluative performance impacts on the range of emotions they will experience. According to Lazarus’ cognitive-motivational-relational theory, emotions may wield powerful consequences depending on whether the performance is interpreted as a threat (high importance/primary appraisal; low coping prospects/secondary appraisal), or challenge (high importance; high coping prospects). Thirty-six Bachelor of Music students at a large University music school completed an adaptation of the Precompetitive Appraisal Measure (PAM) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2R-D twice in relation to their end-of-semester recital: at the start of semester, and within an hour before their recital. Primary and secondary appraisals formed theoretically consistent and reliable evaluations of threat and challenge. Secondary appraisals were significantly lower for students who viewed the performance as a threat. Students who viewed the performance as a challenge reported significantly less cognitive anxiety and higher self-confidence. Findings indicate that the PAM is a brief and reliable measure of cognitive appraisals that trigger precompetitive emotions of anxiety and confidence which can be used to identify those performers who could benefit from pre-performance intervention strategies to manage performance stress.

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Plantinga, Carl. "Cognitive Film Theory : An Insider’s Appraisal." Cinémas 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/024878ar.

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ABSTRACT This article appraises the contributions of what has been called cognitivism or the cognitive approach to film studies, and suggests the means by which the cognitive approach can become more central to film studies than it has been so far. The author first shows that much of what has been called "cognitivist" film studies is only cognitivist in a broad sense, and could just as well be called "analytic." He then argues that the cognitive approach would be most useful when it is thus broadly applied, becoming then more a commitment to the rationality of discourse and human thought than a narrow project within psychology. The article then goes on to appraise the utility of the cognitive approach in our understanding of the psychological power of film and film aesthetics.

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Silvia, Paul J. "Cognitive Appraisals and Interest in Visual Art: Exploring an Appraisal Theory of Aesthetic Emotions." Empirical Studies of the Arts 23, no. 2 (July 2005): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/12av-ah2p-mceh-289e.

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Since Berlyne's seminal research, the study of experimental aesthetics has examined interest as a response to art. The present research explores the implications of appraisal theories of emotion for the study of interest as an emotion relevant to aesthetics. Participants viewed pictures of modern experimental visual art and rated each picture for interest and for appraisals of complexity and comprehensibility. Multilevel modeling assessed the within-person effects of appraisals on interest. As predicted by appraisal theories, both appraisals significantly and strongly predicted interest at the within-person level. The within-person relationships were not moderated by individual-differences relevant to interest in art (e.g., trait curiosity). Theories of “aesthetic response” should capitalize on modern theories and findings in emotion psychology.

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Nurius, Paula S., Jeanette Norris, Diane S. Young, Thomas L. Graham, and Jan Gaylord. "Interpreting and Defensively Responding to Threat: Examining Appraisals and Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression." Violence and Victims 15, no. 2 (January 2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.187.

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Resistance and prevention programming aimed at strengthening women’s ability to protect themselves against acquaintance sexual aggression has lacked attention to the cognitive and emotional processes women engage in when encountering such threats. Building upon current theory related to cognitive appraisal and coping processes, this study applies a theoretical model of how women evaluate and respond to sexual aggression by male acquaintances. Two hundred and two college women who had been sexually victimized by male acquaintances responded to a questionnaire that assessed their cognitive appraisals of and emotional and behavioral responses to the incident, in addition to aggression characteristics. Path analytic regression analyses examined theorized relationships among primary and secondary appraisal and emotional response variables in addition to their collective prediction of behavioral responding. The hypothesized model accounted for significant variance in behavioral responding and indicated different patterns of appraisals, emotions, and aggression characteristics predicting women’s assertive and diplomatic behavioral responses to their assaults. These findings are consistent with research and theory related to individuals’ appraisal of and coping with threatening events. Theoretical and intervention implications for resistance and prevention efforts are discussed.

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Shargel, Daniel. "Appraisals, Emotions, and Inherited Intentional Objects." Emotion Review 9, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916658249.

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Modern appraisal theories inherited a problem from the Schachter theory: are emotions directed at intentional objects, and if so, why? On both theories the emotion is initiated by some sort of cognitive state, which according to Schachter produces a state of arousal, and according to appraisal theorists a cluster of emotion-specific states. If cognitions are components of the emotional state it may seem like we can explain why emotions inherit objects from those cognitions. In this article I focus on appraisal theories, and argue that appraisals are emotional components because they are synchronized with other emotion subsystems. However, emotions do not inherit their intentional objects from appraisals, because the appraisals that are emotional components are generic, rather than object-directed.

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Dyck, Murray J. "Cognitive Therapy and Logotherapy: Contrasting Views on Meaning." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 1, no. 3 (January 1987): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.1.3.155.

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Cognitive therapy has traced the links between the meaning of experience and emotional response but has neglected people’s appraisals of their meaning in the world. Logotherapy, in contrast, was developed specifically to explicate the phenomenon of meaning. This discussion criticizes logotherapy’s explanation of meaning and argues that the basic principles of cognitive theory suffice to explain emotional responses to existential thinking. The appraisal of life’s meaning is analyzed, and the implications for cognitive therapy of people’s beliefs about life’s meaning are reported.

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Thibault-Landry, Anaïs, Richard Egan, Laurence Crevier-Braud, Lara Manganelli, and Jacques Forest. "An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory." Advances in Developing Human Resources 20, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422318756636.

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The Problem Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined. The Solution We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion. The Stakeholders Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.

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Ma, Lulu, Hongyu Ma, Xiangping Zhan, and Yue Wang. "How Do Problem-Solving Demands Influence Employees’ Thriving at Work: An Explanation Based on Cognitive Appraisal." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 14, 2023): 14879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014879.

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In globalized markets, it is important for companies to cultivate a thriving workforce that is motivated to grow and develop. Based on the transactional theory of stress, we discussed how the way people appraise their problem-solving demands, either as a challenge or a hindrance, impacts employees’ thriving at work. Data were collected from employees of a state-owned enterprise in China at two separate points with a 4-week interval. The results showed that problem-solving demands have a positive impact on employees’ thriving at work through challenge appraisal and a negative impact on employees’ thriving at work through hindrance appraisal. Additionally, we observed a moderated mediation effect in which organizational identity strengthened the positive effects of problem-solving demands on challenge appraisal, which in turn promoted employees’ thriving at work. The findings highlight the role of cognitive appraisal in interpreting employees’ responses to work stress.

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Charkhabi, Morteza. "Do cognitive appraisals moderate the link between qualitative job insecurity and psychological-behavioral well-being?" International Journal of Workplace Health Management 11, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-01-2018-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detect the association between qualitative job insecurity and well-being related outcomes and to determine the extent to which cognitive appraisals of job insecurity moderate this association. According to appraisal theory, it is anticipated a hindrance appraisal of job insecurity to amplify and a challenge appraisal of job insecurity to buffer this association. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses, 250 healthcare employees from different departments of an Iranian large public hospital were recruited. Participants responded to scales on qualitative job insecurity, cognitive appraisals, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, absenteeism and presenteeism. Findings Results showed that qualitative job insecurity negatively influenced both psychological and behavioral well-being; however, this influence was greater for psychological well-being than for behavioral well-being. Besides, the moderation tests showed that only the hindrance appraisals of job insecurity amplified the link between job insecurity and psychological outcomes. Research limitations/implications This study sampled employees from a public hospital and did not include employees from private hospitals. This may limit the generalizability of the findings. Also, due to using a cross-sectional research design we encourage future studies to replicate the same findings using other different research designs. Practical implications The findings aid occupational health psychologists to design particular interventions for protecting those aspects of employee’s well-being that are more vulnerable when qualitative job insecurity is chronically perceived. Originality/value Together, these findings suggest that the hindrance appraisals of qualitative job insecurity are more likely to moderate the link between job insecurity and well-being outcomes.

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Gruszczyńska, Ewa, and Aleksandra Kroemeke. "Coping after myocardial infarction. The mediational effects of positive and negative emotions." Polish Psychological Bulletin 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10059-009-0006-2.

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Coping after myocardial infarction. The mediational effects of positive and negative emotions The aim of the study was to examine mediational effects of positive and negative emotions (PEs and NEs) on the relationship between cognitive appraisal and coping after myocardial infarction (MI). Subjects were 163 patients assessed a few days after their first MI episode for cognitive appraisal using the Situation Appraisal Questionnaire developed by Wrześniewski and based on the Lazarus theory. The participants' current emotional state and coping strategies were evaluated with Polish versions of the PANAS and CISS-S, respectively. The data were analyzed using the boostrapping procedure. Resultant models turned out to be similar for threat and loss appraisal, where PEs mediated task-oriented coping, while NEs were found to mediate emotion-oriented coping. A different relationship was found for challenge. Due to a significant intercorrelation among appraisals, mediational models for threat and loss were re-analyzed when controlling for challenge. Nevertheless, even if a situation is perceived as highly stressful, both positive and negative emotions can emerge, resulting in strategies that serve different functions to meet external and internal demands.

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Petri-Romão, Papoula, Haakon Engen, Anna Rupanova, Lara Puhlmann, Matthias Zerban, Rebecca J. Neumann, Aliaksandr Malyshau, et al. "Self-report assessment of Positive Appraisal Style (PAS): Development of a process-focused and a content-focused questionnaire for use in mental health and resilience research." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 2, 2024): e0295562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295562.

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Positive Appraisal Style Theory of Resilience posits that a person’s general style of evaluating stressors plays a central role in mental health and resilience. Specifically, a tendency to appraise stressors positively (positive appraisal style; PAS) is theorized to be protective of mental health and thus a key resilience factor. To this date no measures of PAS exist. Here, we present two scales that measure perceived positive appraisal style, one focusing on cognitive processes that lead to positive appraisals in stressful situations (PASS-process), and the other focusing on the appraisal contents (PASS-content). For PASS-process, the items of the existing questionnaires Brief COPE and CERQ-short were analyzed in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA) in independent samples (N = 1157 and N = 1704). The resulting 10-item questionnaire was internally consistent (α = .78, 95% CI [.86, .87]) and showed good convergent and discriminant validity in comparisons with self-report measures of trait optimism, neuroticism, urgency, and spontaneity. For PASS-content, a newly generated item pool of 29 items across stressor appraisal content dimensions (probability, magnitude, and coping potential) were subjected to EFA and CFA in two independent samples (N = 1174 and N = 1611). The resulting 14-item scale showed good internal consistency (α = .87, 95% CI [.86, .87]), as well as good convergent and discriminant validity within the nomological network. The two scales are a new and reliable way to assess self-perceived positive appraisal style in large-scale studies, which could offer key insights into mechanisms of resilience.

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Shea, Charles H., and Gabriele Wulf. "Schema Theory: A Critical Appraisal and Reevaluation." Journal of Motor Behavior 37, no. 2 (March 2005): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jmbr.37.2.85-102.

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Dong, Linying, Alexandra Katsiris, Mariah Lecompte, Cassandra Skrotzki, and Lixia Yang. "A Qualitative Analysis of Older Adults’ Cognitive Appraisal in Coping during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Capital." COVID 3, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): 1622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid3100111.

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The ability to adaptively cope with the challenges of stressful events such as the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for healthy aging. One effective coping strategy is social coping in which social networks are tapped for support. However, our review of the current literature on older adults’ coping abilities reveals two shortcomings: (1) a lack of consideration of a specific context and (2) an inadequate amount of attention paid to the different types of social networks in the cognitive appraisal process. As coping is a process in which older adults undergo the cognitive appraisal process to identify appropriate coping strategies, the shortcomings result in an incomplete understanding of older adults’ coping efforts and impair the development of effective community and intervention programs to improve older adults’ well-being. To fill this gap, drawing on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping and the Social Capital Theory, we conducted 22 interviews with older adults who experienced lockdown measures during COVID-19. Our in-depth qualitative analysis shows the different roles played by bonding and bridging social capital in the cognitive appraisal process and illustrates the influence of a specific context on cognitive appraisals and subsequent coping efforts. Our findings provide significant contributions to theories regarding coping and social capital, as well as practices and policies for improving the well-being of older adults.

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Waibel-Duncan, Mary Katherine, and Howard M. Sandler. "Forensic Anogenital Exam Interventions: Potential Contributions of Cognitive Appraisal Theory." Child Maltreatment 7, no. 1 (February 2002): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559502007001009.

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Lazarus, Richard S., and Susan Folkman. "Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping." European Journal of Personality 1, no. 3 (September 1987): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410010304.

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In this article we examine the fundamental premises of our cognitive‐relational theory of emotion and coping and assess our progress in examining them through 10 years of programmatic empirical research. Our discussion involves the metatheoretical topics of transaction and relationship, process, and emotion as a system. The person‐environment relationship is mediated by two key processess: cognitive appraisal and coping. We evaluate the findings of our research on these processes, their dynamic interplay, their antecedents, and their short‐term and long‐term outcomes. In the final section we highlight major substantive and methodological issues that need to be addressed. These include issues surrounding the theory and measurement of appraisal, functional and dysfunctional coping, causal inference, microanalytic vs macroanalytic research strategies, objective vs subjective approaches and confounding, and the problem of method variance.

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Bambauer-Sachse, Silke, and Ashley Young. "Customer Cognitive Appraisals of Differential and Dynamic Pricing." Marketing ZFP 44, no. 4 (2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2022-4-3.

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This study examines the mechanisms of cognitive appraisal theory in the context of dynamic pricing. The aim is to investigate the differences in cognitive appraisals by comparing dynamic pricing and simpler forms of price differentiation, as well as differences in appraisals between goods and services. The reactions examined in one qualitative and one quantitative study are the customers’ feelings of being exploited, price complexity perceptions, and intentions to spread online word-of-mouth (eWOM). The qualitative results indicate that customers are less aware of dynamic pricing for goods than services and that there is a strong feeling of being exploited, which can lead to negative word-of-mouth. The quantitative results support these findings as customers react more negatively to dynamic pricing than to simpler forms of differential pricing. For goods, intentions to spread eWOM are mainly driven by feelings of being exploited, while for services, the main effect runs through price complexity perceptions.

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So, Jiyeon, Kai Kuang, and Hyunyi Cho. "Reexamining Fear Appeal Models from Cognitive Appraisal Theory and Functional Emotion Theory Perspectives." Communication Monographs 83, no. 1 (June 8, 2015): 120–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2015.1044257.

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Castellanos, Sergio, and Luis-Felipe Rodríguez. "A Flexible Scheme to Model the Cognitive Influence on Emotions in Autonomous Agents." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 12, no. 4 (October 2018): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2018100105.

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Autonomous agents (AAs) are designed to embody the natural intelligence by incorporating cognitive mechanisms that are applied to evaluate stimuli from an emotional perspective. Computational models of emotions (CMEs) implement mechanisms of human information processing in order to provide AAs for a capability to assign emotional values to perceived stimuli and implement emotion-driven behaviors. However, a major challenge in the design of CMEs is how cognitive information is projected from the architecture of AAs. This article presents a cognitive model for CMEs based on appraisal theory aimed at modeling AAs' interactions between cognitive and affective processes. The proposed scheme explains the influence of AAs' cognition on emotions by fuzzy membership functions associated to appraisal dimensions. The computational simulation is designed in the context of an integrative framework to facilitate the development of CMEs, which are capable of interacting with cognitive components of AAs. This article presents a case study and experiment that demonstrate the functionality of the proposed models.

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Choi, Hyeyoon, and Hwansuk Chris Choi. "Investigating Tourists’ Fun-Eliciting Process toward Tourism Destination Sites: An Application of Cognitive Appraisal Theory." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): 732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518776805.

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Previous studies have shown that destinations must distinguish themselves from competitors and develop experiential offerings that deliver memorable value to consumers. More and more consumers want experiential service during their travel. Despite the gradual increase in research on experiential consumption in tourism, no consensus has yet emerged on what factors of experiential value lead to positive behavioral outcomes in consumer cognitive appraisals. This study used the cognitive appraisal theory (CAT) to investigate the determinants of consumer emotional responses, as well as how evoked emotions affect behavior in tourism. Study findings contribute to the existing body of literature on the ability of CAT to illustrate how the experiential value of “fun” influences on-the-spot behavior. This study also helps tourism destination marketers by providing a clear picture of how to elicit positive emotions among tourists for a tourism destination that leads to positive behavioral outcomes.

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Broekens, Joost, Doug DeGroot, and Walter A. Kosters. "Formal models of appraisal: Theory, specification, and computational model." Cognitive Systems Research 9, no. 3 (June 2008): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2007.06.007.

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Dalgleish, Tim. "Roads not taken: The case for multiple functional-level routes to emotion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00272427.

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This review focuses on the theory of emotion outlined in Chapter 3 of Rolls's The brain and emotion. It is proposed that Rolls's emphasis on a relatively simple neurobiologically derived emotion scheme does not allow him to present a comprehensive account of emotion. Consequently, high-level cognitive processes, such as appraisal, end up being retained in the theory despite Rolls's skepticism about their utility. An argument is put forward that the concept of appraisal in the emotion literature is more than semantic convention and actually allows us to talk about multiple functional-level routes to the generation of emotion – a characteristic of the latest generation of theories in the cognition-emotion literature.

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Jiajia, Xu, and Shen Huawen. "The Impact of Evaluation and Recollection on Smoke-free Hotel Accommodation Experience." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 6 (November 3, 2021): 5903–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.70.

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Objectives: It is shown by studies prior that smoke-free hotel accommodation destinations should have the edge over their rivals via offering impressive and unforgettable value to consumers. There is an increasing number of customers who hope to enjoy experiential service when traveling. Studies are scant in investigating the extent to which the experiential value has an impact on positive behavioral intention in customers’ cognitive appraisals. This paper, therefore, applied the cognitive appraisal theory (CAT) and script theory to explore the determining factors of customers’ affective responses and the impact of these enticed affections on recollection and consequent behavior. Results of this research elucidate the influence exerted by the experiential value of "pleasure" on behavior. This paper also contributes to the practical implication, helping marketers through an explicit direction for triggering positive emotions of tourists.

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Ellsworth, Phoebe C. "Appraisal Theory: Old and New Questions." Emotion Review 5, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912463617.

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Umeh, Kanayo, and Jennifer Barnes. "Cognitive Appraisals and Smoking Intentions: The Role of Decision Making Competence." Journal of Smoking Cessation 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.6.2.144.

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AbstractAn important element of smoking cessation programs is the modification of health beliefs about risks and benefits. However, Janis and Mann's (1977) conflict-theory suggests only vigilant decision-makers are motivated by such outcome appraisals. Thus, this study examined the extent to which relations between health beliefs and cigarette smoking are moderated by decision-making competence. Over 150 university undergraduates completed a questionnaire survey assessing health beliefs about smoking (perceptions of susceptibility to and severity of lung cancer, and benefits of not smoking), smoking intentions, and decision-making competence. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed interactions between risk perceptions and competence, whereby perceived susceptibility and severity appraisals better predicted smoking intentions in less proficient decision-makers. However, these interactions disappeared after controlling for smoking status. These findings suggest that risk perceptions are more important in college students averse to information search and appraisal, albeit this is confounded by smoking status.

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Davidson, Kimberly M. "Testing an Interactionist Theory of Treatment Engagement in a Pennsylvania Prison-Based Therapeutic Community." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 10 (May 26, 2020): 1282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820919782.

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The prison-based Therapeutic Community (TC) is a promising substance use treatment program that emphasizes peer influence. Although program evaluations demonstrate positive results, the cognitive, behavioral, and social processes that define the prison-based TC are largely unknown. The TC model presumes that residents increase their treatment engagement and willingness to change through peer interactions and role modeling, but this process has received virtually no research attention. This study explores these peer-driven mechanisms by examining self, reflected, and peer appraisals of willingness to change of 177 male TC residents, predicting within-person changes in treatment engagement by changes in appraisal measures. Results suggest that self, peer, and reflected appraisals converge over time in treatment. In addition, fixed effects models demonstrate that changes in reflected appraisals are most predictive of changes in treatment engagement. Such results, consistent with symbolic interactionist perspectives, inform prison-based programming and contribute to research on individual-level trajectories of desistance and recovery.

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Dahlqvist, Claes, and Christel Persson. "Cognitive appraisals and information-seeking achievement emotions: a qualitative study of Swedish primary teacher students." Journal of Documentation 79, no. 7 (October 19, 2023): 280–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-05-2023-0100.

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PurposePrimary teachers play a vital role in fostering pupils' successful futures. Therefore, gaining knowledge of primary teacher students' learning processes, including the achievement of information-seeking skills, is crucial. The aim of this paper is to understand better the interplay between cognitive appraisals and emotions in the constructivist process of learning and achieving information-seeking skills.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with six Swedish primary teacher students. The analysis of qualitative data was deductive and theory-driven, guided by Kuhlthau's information search process model, Scherer's semantic space of emotions and Pekrun's control-value theory of achievement emotions.FindingsAnger/frustration, enjoyment and boredom were identified as activity emotions and anxiety, hopelessness and hope as prospective outcome emotions. The retrospective outcome emotions found were pride, joy, gratitude, surprise and relief. The appraisals eliciting the achievement emotions were the control appraisals uncertainty/certainty (activity and prospective outcome) and oneself/other (retrospective), and value appraisals negative/positive intrinsic motivation (activity) and failure/success (prospective and retrospective). The interplay between appraisals and emotions was complex and dynamic. The processes were individually unique, non-linear and iterative, and the appraisals did not always elicit emotions.Originality/valueThe study has theoretical and methodological implications for information behaviour research in its application of appraisal theories and the Geneva affect label coder. In addition, it has practical implications for academic librarians teaching information-seeking skills.

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Rudy, Jerry W., and Robert J. Sutherland. "Configural association theory and the hippocampal formation: An appraisal and reconfiguration." Hippocampus 5, no. 5 (1995): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.450050502.

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de Sousa, Ronald. "Comment: Language and Dimensionality in Appraisal Theory." Emotion Review 5, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912468169.

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Lee, Kyoung-Joo, and So-Yun Lee. "Cognitive appraisal theory, memorable tourism experiences, and family cohesion in rural travel." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 38, no. 4 (May 4, 2021): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1921094.

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TenHouten, Warren D. "Anger, social power, and cognitive appraisal: application of octonionic sociocognitive emotion theory." Journal of Political Power 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 40–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2158379x.2019.1573513.

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Palmer, Jerry K., and Jonathan S. Gore. "A Theory of Contrast Effects in Performance Appraisal and Social Cognitive Judgments." Psychological Studies 59, no. 4 (October 24, 2014): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12646-014-0282-6.

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Xu, Jing (Bill), Stephen Pratt, and Libo Yan. "Residents’ engagement in developing destination mascots: a cognitive appraisal theory-based perspective." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 40, no. 2 (February 12, 2023): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2023.2227858.

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Song, Huimin, Wei Zeng, and Mengjie Wu. "Understanding exhibition image in digital exhibitions: an application of cognitive appraisal theory." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 28, no. 7 (July 3, 2023): 667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2264988.

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Wang, Shanshan, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Daniel Bressington, Yan Li, and Angela Yee Man Leung. "The Development of an Evidence-Based Telephone-Coached Bibliotherapy Protocol for Improving Dementia Caregiving Appraisal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148731.

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Caregiving appraisal is the caregivers’ cognitive evaluation of caregiving stressors. It determines the caregiving outcomes and caregiver health. Dementia caregivers have shown relatively negative caregiving appraisals. However, there is a lack of interventions to improve caregiving appraisal. This study describes the multi-phase process of developing and validating an evidence-based bibliotherapy protocol for improving the caregiving appraisal of informal caregivers of people with dementia. Two phases were included in the development: In Phase 1, a series of reviews of theory and evidence were conducted to identify the theoretical underpinnings, the core components, the dosage, and the mode of delivery of evidence-based bibliotherapy. In Phase 2, focus groups consisting of an expert panel of 16 clinicians and academics were used to validate the intervention protocol. Evidence synthesis was used in Phase 1 to formulate a draft intervention protocol. Content analysis was used in Phase 2 to work out the principles to revise the intervention protocol. The validated evidence-based bibliotherapy protocol included eight weekly sessions, and each session targeted improving one aspect of the essential factors that influence caregiving appraisal. This study provided a culturally sensitive and contextually appropriate evidence-based bibliotherapy protocol ready to be tested in a clinical trial.

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Wu, Xiaoyu. "Influence of job stress on job satisfaction among younger bank employees in China." Chinese Management Studies 14, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-07-2017-0182.

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Purpose This study aims to examine distinct influences of two dimension job stress on job satisfaction and the moderating effects of guanxi-oriented attitude on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction under cognitive appraisal theory and transactional theory. Design/methodology/approach In this study, surveys are conducted among state-owned younger bank employees. The author uses the scale of job challenge stress and hindrance stress developed among Chinese younger bank employees to measure the two dimension job stress. After demonstrating guanxi-relative concepts, the moderating effects of guanxi-oriented attitude are examined in this study. Findings The results demonstrate that guanxi-oriented attitude does not significantly moderate the influence of challenge stress on job satisfaction, while it significantly moderates the noxious influence of hindrance stress on job satisfaction. Theoretical contributions are also discussed. Originality/value First, this study suggests specific procedures to conduct hierarchical regression analysis and confirms the effects by parameters. It also proposes and summarizes specific procedures on how to calculate regression equations and draw regression lines to check the interaction received from the hierarchical regression analysis visually. Second, based on cognitive appraisal theory, guanxi-oriented attitude, a Chinese indigenous cognitive concept, was verified in this study. According to the importance of guanxi in Chinese society, the paper shows that employees who value guanxi more will buffer the noxious effects of job stress. Trainings and counseling should be designed to regulate the normal guanxi-oriented-related cognition.

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Nicholls, Adam R., John L. Perry, and Luis Calmeiro. "Precompetitive Achievement Goals, Stress Appraisals, Emotions, and Coping Among Athletes." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 36, no. 5 (October 2014): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0266.

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Grounded in Lazarus’s (1991, 1999, 2000) cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotions, we tested a model of achievement goals, stress appraisals, emotions, and coping. We predicted that precompetitive achievement goals would be associated with appraisals, appraisals with emotions, and emotions with coping in our model. The mediating effects of emotions among the overall sample of 827 athletes and two stratified random subsamples were also explored. The results of this study support our proposed model in the overall sample and the stratified subsamples. Further, emotion mediated the relationship between appraisal and coping. Mediation analyses revealed that there were indirect effects of pleasant and unpleasant emotions, which indicates the importance of examining multiple emotions to reveal a more accurate representation of the overall stress process. Our findings indicate that both appraisals and emotions are just as important in shaping coping.

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Kajić, Ivana, Tobias Schröder, Terrence C. Stewart, and Paul Thagard. "The semantic pointer theory of emotion: Integrating physiology, appraisal, and construction." Cognitive Systems Research 58 (December 2019): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.04.007.

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Cohen-Chen, Smadar, Richard J. Crisp, and Eran Halperin. "A New Appraisal-Based Framework Underlying Hope in Conflict Resolution." Emotion Review 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916670023.

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Hope is a positive emotion that plays a pivotal role in intractable conflicts and conflict resolution processes by inducing conciliatory attitudes for peace. As a catalyser for conflict resolution, it is important to further understand hope in such contexts. In this article we present a novel framework for understanding hope in contexts of intergroup conflict. Utilizing appraisal theory of emotions and heavily relying on the implicit theories framework, we describe three targets upon which hope appraisals focus in intractable conflict—the conflict, the outgroup, and the ingroup. Next, we describe the importance of developing ways to experimentally induce hope, and utilize the appraisal-target framework to describe and classify existing and potential interventions for inducing hope in intractable conflict resolution.

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McCarthy, Christopher, Olga L. Mejia, and Hsin-Tine Tina Liu. "Cognitive appraisal theory: A psychoeducational approach for understanding connections between cognition and emotion in group work." Journal for Specialists in Group Work 25, no. 1 (March 2000): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01933920008411455.

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Zhang, Hui, Min Zhuang, Yihan Cao, Jingxian Pan, Xiaowan Zhang, Jie Zhang, and Honglei Zhang. "Social Distancing in Tourism Destination Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Moderated Mediation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 11223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111223.

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While protective measures in response to infectious diseases may reduce the freedom of tourists (regarding their behaviors), few studies have documented the effects of destination protective measures on the self-protective behaviors of tourists. By applying the protection motivation theory, this study examines the effects of perceived destination protective supports on the social distancing intentions of tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results reveal significant relationships among perceived destination support, coping appraisal, threat appraisal, and the social distancing intentions of tourists. Moreover, two cognitive appraisals—toward the pandemic—partially mediate the relationship between perceived destination support and social distancing intention, and this mediational process is ‘intervened’ with by social norms. This has implications on whether tourist destinations apply more rigorous social distancing polices during the COVID-19 pandemic, to enhance the coping confidence behaviors of tourists, without causing anxiety and fear, and to achieve the goal of enhancing tourists’ intentions to protect themselves.

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Johnston, Lynne Halley, and Douglas Carroll. "The Context of Emotional Responses to Athletic Injury: A Qualitative Analysis." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 7, no. 3 (August 1998): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.7.3.206.

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This study used grounded theory to describe the emotional responses of athletes following injury and their situational and temporal contexts. Sixteen seriously injured athletes were interviewed. The NUD*IST (Nonnumerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorizing) computer program was used to search, store, explore, and organize the qualitative material. The main emotional responses, appraisals, events, and behaviors that emerged from the analysis were represented diagrammatically. Frustration and depression were the prevalent emotional responses throughout rehabilitation, although the situational corollaries differed as recovery progressed. In the early phase of rehabilitation, frustration and depression resulted from disruption to normal function, in the middle phase they were provoked by a negative appraisal of rehabilitation progress, and. at the end of rehabilitation the main instigator was impatience to return to sport. Whether to risk returning prematurely to sport emerged as a key theme, as did the confounding effects of exercise withdrawal. symptoms in extremely committed athletes. The results were considered in terms of both cognitive appraisal and risk models.

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Mazin Mohammed Salih. "Adaptive Response and its relation to Cognitive Appraisal among Secondary School Students." Journal of the College of Education for Women 34, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36231/coedw.v34i4.1697.

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The current research's problem includes the impact of cognitive reappraisal and reformulate on self-experience of emotional response and its negative feelings and the activity of cognitive reappraisal in changing response. The aim of this research is to detect the relation between adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal upon students of secondary school, and to find differences in gender and stage. The sample contained male and female student for the year(2022-2023) and consists of (480) students (240) male and (240) female in the karkh education/ 1 To achieve this aims researcher used descriptive method and to measure the two variables researcher built a scale for adaptive response according to theory of compound emotion (Barrett,2015) contains (31) items , and the scale of cognitive reappraisal according to the theory of (Lazarus,1991) contains (30) items credit to scientific steps for building psychometric properties , validity , virtual validity by presenting them to a number of experts,and the constructive validity in the light of relation between item and total grade. Reliability was lasted by Vaccronbach coefficient. After treating data by (SPSS), researcher found that students have adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal,and there is assign efficient relation between adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal, and there are significant difference in cognitive appraisal according to grade in favor of the fifth grade at (0.05). Researcher recommends the importance of adaptive response and reappraisal for their relation with (IQ), school performance, social skills, adaptive behavior, and make a comparison studies to detect adaptive response and cognitive reappraisal upon other school students and college students that help to adapt with academic atmosphere, coping with problems, and reduce stress.

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Goetze, Julia. "Investigating Foreign Language Teacher Anxiety Using SFL’s ATTITUDE and TRANSITIVITY Systems." Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning 2, no. 2 (September 20, 2020): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52598/jpll/2/2/4.

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This study investigates language teachers’ verbal construals of classroom anxiety and its cognitive precursors by drawing on the TRANSITIVITY and ATTITUDE systems in systemic functional linguistics (Martin & White, 2005) and integrating them with appraisal theory in cognitive psychology (Smith & Lazarus,1993). Three collegiate-level German teachers in a CLIL-like context participated in a two-week classroom observation sequence, which included 8 in-depth, semi-structured interviews that employed stimulated recall methodology by way of recorded classroom observations. Transcribed interview data were examined using both TRANSITIVITY analysis to capture experiential meanings and a multi-step TRANSITIVITY and ATTITUDE analysis to capture both emotional meanings and cognitive appraisals simultaneously. Findings revealed individual patterns of verbal construals of anxiety for each participant. The multi-step analysis uncovered discernible patterns for the verbal construal of cognitive appraisals that are strongly associated with both participants’ feelings of anxiety and their beliefs about the nature of language teaching. Based on these findings, a new system network for the description and approach to the analysis of foreign language (FL) teacher emotions is proposed and implications of the findings for future research into teacher emotions and beliefs, as well as for teacher training, emotional well-being, and foreign language pedagogy research are discussed.

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Roseman, Ira J. "Author Reply: On the Frontiers of Appraisal Theory." Emotion Review 5, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912469592.

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Byra, Stanisława. "Primary and secondary disability appraisal – Predictive role of sociodemographic and disability-related variables." Special School LXXX, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1381.

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Disability appraisal is a cognitive category examined mainly in the context of adjustment to living with disability. Its significance is usually determined as part of stress and coping theory applied in disability studies. The article presents the findings of a study on primary and secondary disability appraisal expressed by people with acquired motor impairments. Participants were people with spinal cord injuries and with lower limb amputation. Primary and secondary disability appraisal was analyzed with consideration of sociodemographic and disability-related variables. The findings suggest that these categories of variables make it possible to explain primary disability appraisal better than secondary disability appraisal. Also, it was found that disability-related variables had greater predictive significance than sociodemographic variables in explaining the intensity of both primary and secondary appraisal. The type of disability, its duration, and a sense of control over the consequences of one's motor impairment play a significant role in determining the intensity of both forms of disability appraisal.

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Hunter, Emily M., Malissa A. Clark, and Dawn S. Carlson. "Violating Work-Family Boundaries: Reactions to Interruptions at Work and Home." Journal of Management 45, no. 3 (March 31, 2017): 1284–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206317702221.

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Our study builds on recent trends to understand the work-family interface through daily experiences of boundary management. In particular, we investigated boundary violations, or events in which family life breaches the boundary of work and vice versa. Our purpose was to enlighten the process between violations and relevant outcomes, building on the foundations of affective events theory and boundary theory. Specifically, we aim to (1) tease apart boundary violations at work and at home from the established construct of work-family conflict, (2) explore the affective events theory process through which cognitive and affective reactions to boundary violation events contribute to work-family conflict and satisfaction, and (3) examine positive and negative reactions to boundary violations. Findings from a 2-week daily diary study of 121 employed participants partially supported our predictions. Boundary violations contributed to general perceptions of work-family conflict both directly and indirectly through cognitive appraisals of thwarted goals and, in the work domain, negative affective reactions. Violations were also related to satisfaction through goal appraisal. Finally, benefits in the form of positive affect were found from boundary violations due to facilitated goals in the interrupting domain.

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Cerqueira, M., S. Millot, A. Felix, T. Silva, G. A. Oliveira, C. C. V. Oliveira, S. Rey, S. MacKenzie, and R. Oliveira. "Cognitive appraisal in fish: stressor predictability modulates the physiological and neurobehavioural stress response in sea bass." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1923 (March 18, 2020): 20192922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2922.

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The role of cognitive factors in triggering the stress response is well established in humans and mammals (aka cognitive appraisal theory) but very seldom studied in other vertebrate taxa. Predictability is a key factor of the cognitive evaluation of stimuli. In this study, we tested the effects of stressor predictability on behavioral, physiological and neuromolecular responses in the European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). Groups of four fish were exposed to a predictable (signalled) or unpredictable (unsignalled) stressor. Stressor predictability elicited a lower behavioural response and reduced cortisol levels. Using the expression of immediate early genes ( c-fos , egr-1 , bdnf and npas4 ) as markers of neuronal activity, we monitored the activity of three sea bass brain regions known to be implicated in stressor appraisal: the dorsomedian telencephalon, Dm (putative homologue of the pallial amygdala); and the dorsal (Dld) and ventral (Dlv) subareas of the dorsolateral telencephalon (putative homologue of the hippocampus). The activity of both the Dm and Dlv significantly responded to stressor predictability, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role of these two brain regions in information processing related to stressor appraisal. These results indicate that stressor predictability plays a key role in the activation of the stress response in a teleost fish, hence highlighting the role of cognitive processes in fish stress.

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Friedkin, Noah E., Anton V. Proskurnikov, and Francesco Bullo. "Positive contagion and the macrostructures of generalized balance." Network Science 7, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2019.19.

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AbstractBalance theory has advanced with interdisciplinary contributions from social science, physical science, engineering, and mathematics. The common focus of attention is social networks in which every individual has either a positive or negative, cognitive or emotional, appraisal of every other individual. The current frontier of work on balance theory is a hunt for a dynamical model that predicts the temporal evolution of any such appraisal network to a particular structure in the complete set of balanced networks allowed by the theory. Finding such a model has proved to be a difficult problem. In this article, we contribute a parsimonious solution of the problem that explicates the conditions under which a network will evolve either to a set of mutually antagonistic cliques or to an asymmetric structure that allows agreement, cooperation, and compromise among cliques.

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Sergi, Ilaria, Chiara Fiorentini, Stéphanie Trznadel, and Klaus R. Scherer. "Appraisal Inference from Synthetic Facial Expressions." International Journal of Synthetic Emotions 7, no. 2 (July 2016): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijse.2016070103.

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Facial expression research largely relies on forced-choice paradigms that ask observers to choose a label to describe the emotion expressed, assuming a categorical encoding and decoding process. In contrast, appraisal theories of emotion suggest that cognitive appraisal of a situation and the resulting action tendencies determine facial actions in a complex cumulative and sequential process. It is feasible to assume that, in consequence, the expression recognition process is driven by the inference of appraisal configurations that can then be interpreted as discrete emotions. To obtain first evidence with realistic but well-controlled stimuli, theory-guided systematic facial synthesis of action units in avatar faces was used, asking judges to rate 42 combinations of facial actions (action units) on 9 appraisal dimensions. The results support the view that emotion recognition from facial expression is largely mediated by appraisal-action tendency inferences rather than direct categorical judgment. Implications for affective computing are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive appraisal theory'

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