Academic literature on the topic 'Cognitive appraisal theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cognitive appraisal theory"
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Solem, Stian, Kristen Hagen, Bjarne Hansen, Åshild T. Håland, Gunvor Launes, Adam B. Lewin, Eric A. Storch, and Patrick A. Vogel. "Thought Content and Appraisals in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 2 (2015): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.29.2.106.
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A premise for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is that appraisal of obsessions maintains OCD symptoms whereas obsessive content is less important. The main aim of this study was therefore to explore this notion using the autogenous and reactive classification of obsessive content and by assessing changes in appraisals and symptoms following CBT for OCD. More specifically, the study investigates whether recovery from OCD is associated with changes in appraisal and explores how thought content relates to appraisal and symptoms both before and CBT. Data from 156 adults with OCD completing CBT for OCD were analyzed. Changes in appraisals were related to improvement in OCD symptoms. Slightly more participants reported reactive intrusions (47%) than autogenous (29%), but combinations of the two were common (24%). These classifications of thought content were not related to levels of appraisal or change in symptoms, with the exception of patients with autogenous thoughts who appraised their intrusions as more important than others. OCD is heterogeneous regarding thought content and strength of appraisals but can be quite homogeneous in terms of CBT treatment response. Also, and in line with cognitive theory, recovery from OCD is associated with changes in appraisals.
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Osborne, Margaret S., and Gary E. McPherson. "Precompetitive appraisal, performance anxiety and confidence in conservatorium musicians: A case for coping." Psychology of Music 47, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735618755000.
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The way musicians appraise their abilities to succeed in a forthcoming evaluative performance impacts on the range of emotions they will experience. According to Lazarus’ cognitive-motivational-relational theory, emotions may wield powerful consequences depending on whether the performance is interpreted as a threat (high importance/primary appraisal; low coping prospects/secondary appraisal), or challenge (high importance; high coping prospects). Thirty-six Bachelor of Music students at a large University music school completed an adaptation of the Precompetitive Appraisal Measure (PAM) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2R-D twice in relation to their end-of-semester recital: at the start of semester, and within an hour before their recital. Primary and secondary appraisals formed theoretically consistent and reliable evaluations of threat and challenge. Secondary appraisals were significantly lower for students who viewed the performance as a threat. Students who viewed the performance as a challenge reported significantly less cognitive anxiety and higher self-confidence. Findings indicate that the PAM is a brief and reliable measure of cognitive appraisals that trigger precompetitive emotions of anxiety and confidence which can be used to identify those performers who could benefit from pre-performance intervention strategies to manage performance stress.
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Plantinga, Carl. "Cognitive Film Theory : An Insider’s Appraisal." Cinémas 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/024878ar.
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ABSTRACT This article appraises the contributions of what has been called cognitivism or the cognitive approach to film studies, and suggests the means by which the cognitive approach can become more central to film studies than it has been so far. The author first shows that much of what has been called "cognitivist" film studies is only cognitivist in a broad sense, and could just as well be called "analytic." He then argues that the cognitive approach would be most useful when it is thus broadly applied, becoming then more a commitment to the rationality of discourse and human thought than a narrow project within psychology. The article then goes on to appraise the utility of the cognitive approach in our understanding of the psychological power of film and film aesthetics.
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Silvia, Paul J. "Cognitive Appraisals and Interest in Visual Art: Exploring an Appraisal Theory of Aesthetic Emotions." Empirical Studies of the Arts 23, no. 2 (July 2005): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/12av-ah2p-mceh-289e.
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Since Berlyne's seminal research, the study of experimental aesthetics has examined interest as a response to art. The present research explores the implications of appraisal theories of emotion for the study of interest as an emotion relevant to aesthetics. Participants viewed pictures of modern experimental visual art and rated each picture for interest and for appraisals of complexity and comprehensibility. Multilevel modeling assessed the within-person effects of appraisals on interest. As predicted by appraisal theories, both appraisals significantly and strongly predicted interest at the within-person level. The within-person relationships were not moderated by individual-differences relevant to interest in art (e.g., trait curiosity). Theories of “aesthetic response” should capitalize on modern theories and findings in emotion psychology.
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Nurius, Paula S., Jeanette Norris, Diane S. Young, Thomas L. Graham, and Jan Gaylord. "Interpreting and Defensively Responding to Threat: Examining Appraisals and Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression." Violence and Victims 15, no. 2 (January 2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.187.
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Resistance and prevention programming aimed at strengthening women’s ability to protect themselves against acquaintance sexual aggression has lacked attention to the cognitive and emotional processes women engage in when encountering such threats. Building upon current theory related to cognitive appraisal and coping processes, this study applies a theoretical model of how women evaluate and respond to sexual aggression by male acquaintances. Two hundred and two college women who had been sexually victimized by male acquaintances responded to a questionnaire that assessed their cognitive appraisals of and emotional and behavioral responses to the incident, in addition to aggression characteristics. Path analytic regression analyses examined theorized relationships among primary and secondary appraisal and emotional response variables in addition to their collective prediction of behavioral responding. The hypothesized model accounted for significant variance in behavioral responding and indicated different patterns of appraisals, emotions, and aggression characteristics predicting women’s assertive and diplomatic behavioral responses to their assaults. These findings are consistent with research and theory related to individuals’ appraisal of and coping with threatening events. Theoretical and intervention implications for resistance and prevention efforts are discussed.
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Shargel, Daniel. "Appraisals, Emotions, and Inherited Intentional Objects." Emotion Review 9, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916658249.
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Modern appraisal theories inherited a problem from the Schachter theory: are emotions directed at intentional objects, and if so, why? On both theories the emotion is initiated by some sort of cognitive state, which according to Schachter produces a state of arousal, and according to appraisal theorists a cluster of emotion-specific states. If cognitions are components of the emotional state it may seem like we can explain why emotions inherit objects from those cognitions. In this article I focus on appraisal theories, and argue that appraisals are emotional components because they are synchronized with other emotion subsystems. However, emotions do not inherit their intentional objects from appraisals, because the appraisals that are emotional components are generic, rather than object-directed.
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Dyck, Murray J. "Cognitive Therapy and Logotherapy: Contrasting Views on Meaning." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 1, no. 3 (January 1987): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.1.3.155.
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Cognitive therapy has traced the links between the meaning of experience and emotional response but has neglected people’s appraisals of their meaning in the world. Logotherapy, in contrast, was developed specifically to explicate the phenomenon of meaning. This discussion criticizes logotherapy’s explanation of meaning and argues that the basic principles of cognitive theory suffice to explain emotional responses to existential thinking. The appraisal of life’s meaning is analyzed, and the implications for cognitive therapy of people’s beliefs about life’s meaning are reported.
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Thibault-Landry, Anaïs, Richard Egan, Laurence Crevier-Braud, Lara Manganelli, and Jacques Forest. "An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory." Advances in Developing Human Resources 20, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422318756636.
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The Problem Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined. The Solution We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion. The Stakeholders Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.
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Ma, Lulu, Hongyu Ma, Xiangping Zhan, and Yue Wang. "How Do Problem-Solving Demands Influence Employees’ Thriving at Work: An Explanation Based on Cognitive Appraisal." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 14, 2023): 14879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014879.
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In globalized markets, it is important for companies to cultivate a thriving workforce that is motivated to grow and develop. Based on the transactional theory of stress, we discussed how the way people appraise their problem-solving demands, either as a challenge or a hindrance, impacts employees’ thriving at work. Data were collected from employees of a state-owned enterprise in China at two separate points with a 4-week interval. The results showed that problem-solving demands have a positive impact on employees’ thriving at work through challenge appraisal and a negative impact on employees’ thriving at work through hindrance appraisal. Additionally, we observed a moderated mediation effect in which organizational identity strengthened the positive effects of problem-solving demands on challenge appraisal, which in turn promoted employees’ thriving at work. The findings highlight the role of cognitive appraisal in interpreting employees’ responses to work stress.
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Charkhabi, Morteza. "Do cognitive appraisals moderate the link between qualitative job insecurity and psychological-behavioral well-being?" International Journal of Workplace Health Management 11, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detect the association between qualitative job insecurity and well-being related outcomes and to determine the extent to which cognitive appraisals of job insecurity moderate this association. According to appraisal theory, it is anticipated a hindrance appraisal of job insecurity to amplify and a challenge appraisal of job insecurity to buffer this association. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses, 250 healthcare employees from different departments of an Iranian large public hospital were recruited. Participants responded to scales on qualitative job insecurity, cognitive appraisals, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, absenteeism and presenteeism. Findings Results showed that qualitative job insecurity negatively influenced both psychological and behavioral well-being; however, this influence was greater for psychological well-being than for behavioral well-being. Besides, the moderation tests showed that only the hindrance appraisals of job insecurity amplified the link between job insecurity and psychological outcomes. Research limitations/implications This study sampled employees from a public hospital and did not include employees from private hospitals. This may limit the generalizability of the findings. Also, due to using a cross-sectional research design we encourage future studies to replicate the same findings using other different research designs. Practical implications The findings aid occupational health psychologists to design particular interventions for protecting those aspects of employee’s well-being that are more vulnerable when qualitative job insecurity is chronically perceived. Originality/value Together, these findings suggest that the hindrance appraisals of qualitative job insecurity are more likely to moderate the link between job insecurity and well-being outcomes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cognitive appraisal theory"
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Whicker, Leanne, and n/a. "Interpersonal Communication and Appraisal : The Application of Cognitive Appraisal Theory to Difficult Communication at Work." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030808.150552.
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The program of research reported here was concerned with what makes difficult face-to-face communication in work settings difficult. A framework for analysing this problem was developed by bringing together the disparate literatures of communications theory and cognitive appraisal theory. The framework identified the outcome of an instance of face-to-face communication at work as a function of features of the situation, the appraisal that the worker makes in the situation, and the response strategies selected for dealing with the situation. The research program was directed to operationalising these constructs and studying their interrelationship. The first two studies reported in the thesis (Studies 1 and 2) revealed the types of communication encounters that are most difficult to manage at work, and offered insight into why these situations are difficult. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and the quantitative data analysed using multidimensional scaling techniques. The results provided a taxonomy of difficult communication situations in the workplace. The next two studies (Studies 3 and 4) focused on the development of measures of primary and secondary appraisal, and on a taxonomy of response strategies applicable to work settings. A new measure of primary appraisal was developed from qualitative data pertaining specifically to the domain of difficult communication contexts. Principal components analysis was used in the development of the response strategies instrument. Study 5, the final study, reported the results of the application of cognitive appraisal theory to the context of difficult communication at work. In this study, the theory was applied to four difficult communication situations identified in Study 1, and the relationships among appraisal, response strategy, and outcome were investigated using principal components analysis and, subsequently, hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicated that, as the appraisal of the context varies, so too does the choice of response strategy, lending support to the transactional model. Appraisal contributes significantly to response strategy choice and to the outcome of the situation over and above that offered by response strategies alone. In addition, the findings revealed that appraisal of the situation differ across situations and according to the status of the other person in the encounter. The findings of the series of studies reported here point to the value of viewing difficult communication situations in the workplace in terms of the interrelated constructs of situations, appraisals, strategies rather than, as more commonly, in terms of characteristics of difficult persons. Some situations are inherently more difficult than others, appraisals alter the difficulty level of situations, and the availability of response strategies influence outcome. Appraisal is, however, a construct of central importance, in much the same way it is in the research context from which it was appropriated, viz stress research. Appraisal contributes significantly to choice of response strategy and directly to outcome over an above the contribution of response strategy. The research program was not without its shortcomings, among them the reliance on retrospective reports of participants about their behaviour, and these need to be addressed in future research. The findings as they stand do, however, point to more useful ways of conceptualising difficult situations at work and devising methods of intervention that will ensure better outcomes, in a significant area of life in the modern workplace.
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Whicker, Leanne. "Interpersonal Communication and Appraisal: The Application of Cognitive Appraisal Theory to Difficult Communication at Work." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366193.
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The program of research reported here was concerned with what makes difficult face-to-face communication in work settings difficult. A framework for analysing this problem was developed by bringing together the disparate literatures of communications theory and cognitive appraisal theory. The framework identified the outcome of an instance of face-to-face communication at work as a function of features of the situation, the appraisal that the worker makes in the situation, and the response strategies selected for dealing with the situation. The research program was directed to operationalising these constructs and studying their interrelationship. The first two studies reported in the thesis (Studies 1 and 2) revealed the types of communication encounters that are most difficult to manage at work, and offered insight into why these situations are difficult. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and the quantitative data analysed using multidimensional scaling techniques. The results provided a taxonomy of difficult communication situations in the workplace. The next two studies (Studies 3 and 4) focused on the development of measures of primary and secondary appraisal, and on a taxonomy of response strategies applicable to work settings. A new measure of primary appraisal was developed from qualitative data pertaining specifically to the domain of difficult communication contexts. Principal components analysis was used in the development of the response strategies instrument. Study 5, the final study, reported the results of the application of cognitive appraisal theory to the context of difficult communication at work. In this study, the theory was applied to four difficult communication situations identified in Study 1, and the relationships among appraisal, response strategy, and outcome were investigated using principal components analysis and, subsequently, hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicated that, as the appraisal of the context varies, so too does the choice of response strategy, lending support to the transactional model. Appraisal contributes significantly to response strategy choice and to the outcome of the situation over and above that offered by response strategies alone. In addition, the findings revealed that appraisal of the situation differ across situations and according to the status of the other person in the encounter. The findings of the series of studies reported here point to the value of viewing difficult communication situations in the workplace in terms of the interrelated constructs of situations, appraisals, strategies rather than, as more commonly, in terms of characteristics of ‘difficult’ persons. Some situations are inherently more difficult than others, appraisals alter the difficulty level of situations, and the availability of response strategies influence outcome. Appraisal is, however, a construct of central importance, in much the same way it is in the research context from which it was appropriated, viz stress research. Appraisal contributes significantly to choice of response strategy and directly to outcome over an above the contribution of response strategy. The research program was not without its shortcomings, among them the reliance on retrospective reports of participants about their behaviour, and these need to be addressed in future research. The findings as they stand do, however, point to more useful ways of conceptualising difficult situations at work and devising methods of intervention that will ensure better outcomes, in a significant area of life in the modern workplace.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Faculty of Health Sciences
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Koppes, Laura L. "Cognitive appraisal of a stressful encounter: An application of attribution theory /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487584612166405.
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Bartolini, William F. "Prospective Donors’ Cognitive and Emotive Processing of Charitable Gift Requests." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1113327826.
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Israel, Laura [Verfasser], and Felix [Akademischer Betreuer] Schönbrodt. "The cognitive emotion process : examining appraisal theory using theoretical modeling and machine learning / Laura Israel ; Betreuer: Felix Schönbrodt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218466618/34.
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Mishra, Anubha. "A Study of Cognitive Processing and Inhibitions of Adopters and Non-Adopters of Technology Based Products." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202990.
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The research investigated consumers' decision-making process during pre-adoption and consumption stages of consumer-based technologies via the context of mobile apps. In an attempt to integrate consumer resistance in predicting the end-decisions to adopt/not adopt or continue/discontinue the use of a technology, the study presented some interesting findings. Employing the theoretical framework of cognitive appraisal theory, the study integrated the TAM, paradoxes of technology, and coping strategies to propose and empirically validate a process-based model of decision-making.Data were collected via a self-administered web-based survey. Two versions of the questionnaire were used to elicit consumers' responses from adopters and non-adopters of mobile apps. A total of 646 smartphone owners responded to the survey, of which, 375 respondents had downloaded apps in the past and 271 respondents had not downloaded any apps. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.Results demonstrated that most part of the TAM3 framework is replicable in a consumer-based setting. Additional findings provided evidence for the strong role of goal relevance in the TAM framework. The study also supported the effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use on different technology paradoxes. The factor structure of the technology paradoxes suggested three distinct dimensions. Consumers' evaluation of control, freedom, newness, assimilation, and fulfillment of need as derived from the use of mobile apps was captured by Perceived Benefits. The construct, Perceived Apprehension, comprised of consumers' assessment of the chaos, enslavement, obsolesce, isolation, and creation of needs as a result of using mobile apps. Finally, the factor, Perceived Obscurity, investigated the confusion and/or ambiguity within individuals by measuring their perceived inefficiency and incompetence in using mobile apps.Most importantly, separate investigations of the pre-adoption and consumption stages highlighted consumers' use of varying degrees of resistance as influenced by their appraisal of the technology. The non-adopters resisted the use of mobile apps by either being indifferent towards it or postponing the decision to adopt. The adopters of mobile apps were also found to reject its use by distancing, abandoning, or neglecting the apps. The role of positive coping investigated the positive behavioral tendencies employed by consumers to overcome the challenges of using mobile apps. Managerial implications are discussed.
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Didymus, Faye F. "Exploring the organizational stress process in sport performers : from theory to practice." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10959.
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The increasing evidence of the organizational demands encountered by sports performers provides a fertile ground for research. There is now a requirement to move beyond describing the organizational stressors that performers encounter in order to understand the complex appraisal and coping processes that athletes engage in when experiencing organizational stress. This thesis aimed to conduct a detailed examination of these processes in high-level sport performers. Chapter 2 describes a narrative review of the extant appraisal literature that has examined the roles of situational and personal influences on appraising. In order to generate a detailed understanding of this literature, the review includes findings from the general, occupational, organizational, and sport psychology literatures. This review was instrumental in determining the direction of the research described in later chapters. Chapter 3 aimed to narrow the focus of the thesis to organizational stress transactions in sport performers and therefore, describes a diary study that explored swimmers appraisals of organizational stressors. The findings of this study provided insight into the complex process of appraisal and suggested that appraisals are related to the situational property of the stressor encountered. In addition, the results pointed to the importance of exploring the coping strategies that athletes use to manage organizational stressors in future research. Chapter 4 describes a narrative review of the literature that has examined athletes ways of coping with organizational stressors. Due to the limited sport psychology research in this area and in order to extend current knowledge in sport, prominent findings from the organizational and occupational psychology domains were considered. Chapter 5 was designed to extend the findings of Chapter 3 and the existing literature by examining the coping strategies that swimmers use in response to organizational stressors. This chapter highlighted the complexity of coping and suggested that appraisal mechanisms are linked to the coping family employed. Chapter 6 aimed to take a more complete approach to examining organizational stress transactions by exploring various components of stress transactions. The study presented in this chapter suggested that the appraisal an athlete makes is influential in determining the performance outcome that they will experience. Collectively, the chapters described above highlighted appraising as the pivotal element in stress transactions and established a rationale for the cognitive-behavioral based intervention that is described in Chapter 7. The study presented in Chapter 7 aimed to alleviate some of the negative outcomes of organizational stress by optimizing sport performers appraisals. The findings suggested that cognitive restructuring was a useful technique for achieving this aim. The program of research presented in this thesis suggests that appraising is the pivotal element of organizational stress transactions in sport and that appraising can be optimized in order to alleviate the negative emotional and performance outcomes of maladaptive appraisals. In addition, the research highlights the importance of considering the situational properties of stressors, the complexity of coping, and the relationships between components of stress transactions in future research. Further, the findings presented within this thesis suggest that future research should aim to make methodological and measurement advances and examine, in detail, performers appraisal and coping processes.
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Moody, Bailey M. "A Comparative Analysis of Digital and Paper Restaurant Menus Based on Customer Perception and Nutritional Labeling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955051/.
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The restaurant industry is a highly customer-driven field. Therefore, it is imperative that restaurateurs consider customer expectations with regard to restaurant menus. The purpose of this experimental study is to examine the effects of menu format (i.e., paper or digital) and amount of nutritional information (i.e., extensive, brief, or none) on customer perceptions of the effectiveness, perceived ease of use, and information quality of the menu. Furthermore, this research intends to test the effect of these three menu attributes on the outcomes of value and satisfaction in order to assess the competitive advantage of one format over the other. The Cognitive Appraisal and Information Processing Theories provide structure to the proposed conceptual framework and give credence to the findings. This study also fills gaps in the present research by not only ameliorating weaknesses of extant studies, but also by examining several different aspects of restaurant menus simultaneously within a single study.
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Winter, Kathy A. "Cognitive emotion theory, cognitive appraisals, core themes, and individual differences." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ58166.pdf.
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Ghanam, Boushra. "Toward an integrated process model of consumer grudgeholding : does gender make any difference?" Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14502.
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As consumers or customers, when we go into a shop and buy a product or, these days, when we buy something online, we expect not only the product itself to be fit for purpose but we also expect that we, the customers, get good customer service. If we get good or excellent customer service, we leave the shop feeling satisfied and positive in some way. How do shops, online or otherwise, or any other organisations, such as banks, hospitals or universities help to ensure that their employees deliver the appropriate customer service? It is still the main challenge. Thus, there are instances when a customer does not get the service that they deserve, or believe that they deserve. A happy, satisfied customer may perhaps tell others and thus encourage others to buy or go to that particular shop or organisation thus benefiting the business (new customers, who will spend money). However, there is evidence that an angry, upset dissatisfied customer will almost certainly tell five, or perhaps more, people of their bad experience. This is, clearly, bad for the business in question. No wonder, then, that businesses want, and need, to ensure that they have happy, satisfied customers and not dissatisfied or grudgeholders. Given the importance of customer satisfaction to businesses/organisations, the literature in this area demonstrates that there is still much to further understand about not only customer satisfaction but, importantly, customer dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction can be short and easily forgotten and it might be argued that this might not negatively affect a business/organisation too much in terms of future business. However, if a customer experiences or believes that they have suffered a great deal of negative emotions such as anger, fear, disappointment, betrayal and/or disgust, as well as perhaps telling many people, potential future customers about their bad experience they may well, also, take more direct action in the form of either making a formal complaint to the business/organisation, or perhaps retaliating in some way either immediately or at the nearest opportunity. Such a customer may hold a grudge against the business/organisation which is not only bad for the customer for their mental health (holding a grudge is negative) but is also bad for the business/organisation, too. Unfortunately, despite vital advances in dissatisfaction and complaining behaviour research, the psychological cognitive-emotive process underlying consumers’ coping behaviour have been neglected in the literature, as major work on this issue did not take into account the different negative emotions responsible for grudge and their impact on the grudgeholding coping responses. Dealing with those customers who are more than dissatisfied is time consuming for a business/organisation. Time is money. It is therefore important that, if businesses/organisations are to better understand their customers’ feeling and thinking to be able to predict their behaviours in order to make them happy returners instead of angry revengers. Therefore, it is essential to understand the experiences of grudgeholding customers through a process model and to look closely at issues related to grudgeholding, including the wide range of retaliatory behaviours. These might well vary according to factors such as the cost of the product (dissatisfaction might be greater for a goods or service costing a lot of money compared to something costing very little) but it may also vary according to individual characteristics of the customers themselves. Gender also plays its part, perhaps, that is, men and women may possibly think, feel and behave differently when it comes to holding grudge or retaliating as always controversial disputes exist in terms of gender differences. For example, females complain and spread the word more aligning with their communal stereotypical nature, and males like bargains and shop to win according to their agentic stereotypical nature. There is a need to further explore the consumer grudgeholding behaviour and why emotion is an important factor when talking about grudgeholding, the behaviours undertaken by those who hold a grudge and the impact of grudges on businesses/organisations if businesses/organisations are to better deal with their customers. Therefore, a cognitive-emotive process model is developed based mainly on cognitive appraisal theory to better understand consumers grudgeholding through deeper insight on their cognitions and emotions. The model is designed due to the lack of attention to the role of emotion in the dissatisfying marketplace experience. The model presents cognitive appraisal as the key element in the evaluation of grudgeholding consumer stress and aggression. Stressful appraisal outcomes are posited to elicit emotive reactions that, in combination with cognitive appraisal, impact the type of coping strategy used by the grudgeholder. Two coping strategies (problem focused and emotion focused) are recognized and discussed. Key propositions are presented to answer some questions about consumer grudgeholding behaviours such as (causes of grudge, product or service involved, the cost, the emotions generated, the coping behaviours like complaining and word-of-mouth, the corrective actions, the current emotions, the purchase intentions and future behaviours). To achieve the aims of this study, the research described in this thesis adopts the positivist research, quantitative research approach. According to the exploratory nature of this research, self-administered questionnaires are used for data generation. Closed and open-ended questions (specifically propping questions) were both used in the research as a way of motivating the respondent’s memory to retrieve a previous experience and recall actions and behaviours. Using both closed and open-ended questions provides the research with expected and unexpected answers. The research used non-probability sampling; namely, convenience sampling consisted of 786 responses to undergraduates and postgraduates British students whose age groups range from 18 to 39.The survey data were subsequently edited, coded and entered in SPSS 20 for analysis. The ultimate contribution of this study stems from explaining the consumer grudgeholding phenomenon by designing a cognitive-emotive process model that takes the role of consumer’s emotion into account. The findings revealed that emotion made a critical difference, especially anger. Gender gap was relatively small between the young British males and females. Angry females shared their negative experiences with others more than angry males. Besides, females shop to love and males shop to win.
Books on the topic "Cognitive appraisal theory"
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R, Scherer Klaus, Schorr Angela, and Johnstone Tom, eds. Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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Scherer, Klaus R., Angela Schorr, and Tom Johnstone. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research. Ebsco Publishing, 2001.
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Van Den Bos, Kees. Hot-Cognitive Defense of Worldviews. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657345.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 discusses people’s tendencies to defend their views on how the world should look and what exact role affective processes and feelings play in these defensive responses. The chapter delineates that worldview-defense reactions tend to be “hot-cognitive” reactions, consisting of a combination of how situations are interpreted, assessed, and appraised and the feelings associated with these interpretations, assessments, and appraisals. The chapter examines three levels of analysis at which feelings play a role in radicalization: (1) individual defensive responses involve processes of self-esteem perseverance; (2) group responses include the buffering role of culture; and (3) ideological and religious concerns often serve important psychological functions that are of special relevance to radicalizing individuals and radical groups and subcultures.
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(Editor), Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr (Editor), and Tom Johnstone (Editor), eds. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research (Series in Affective Science). Oxford University Press, USA, 2001.
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Scherer, Klaus R., T. Johnstone, and Angela Schorr. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Series in Affective Science. Oxford University Press, 2001.
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MacNamara, Annmarie, and K. Luan Phan. Neurocircuitry of Affective, Cognitive, and Regulatory Systems. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0001.
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This chapter provides a review and synthesis of the neurocircuitry involved in affect and cognition and their interactions as it relates to regulatory functions. Cognition and emotion are considered together taking a more integrated, functional perspective. The chapter first gives an overview regarding structure and function of key brain regions, that is, prefrontal and cingulate regions, insula, and subcortical regions, as well as other temporal-parietal-occipital regions. Following this overview, the chapter proceeds with summarizing key neuroscientific findings as organized by cognitive processes and their relevance for emotion. The choice of processes reflects the key stages involved in responding to a stimulus, from the time of sensory input to behavioral response/output, namely perception, learning and memory central executive functions, cognitive appraisal, and reappraisal. The overall aim of the chapter is to provide a better understanding of cognitive-emotional interactions at the neurocircuit level.
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Salkovskis, Paul M., and Joan Kirk. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780192627254.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 explores obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It first outlines the nature of OCD, its prevalence, the development of current treatments, the behavioural theory of OCD and behaviour therapy in practice, deficit theories and cognitive factors, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for OCD, experimental studies of normal intrusive thoughts, distorted thinking and negative appraisals, treatment implications of the cognitive behavioural theory, and strategies in the treatment of OCD.
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Papanicolaou, Andrew C., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Functional Brain Imaging in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.001.0001.
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A large part of the contemporary literature involves functional neuroimaging. Yet few readers are sufficiently familiar with the various imaging methods, their capabilities and limitations, to appraise it correctly. To fulfill that need is the purpose of this Handbook, which consists of an accessible description of the methods and their clinical and research applications. The Handbook begins with an overview of basic concepts of functional brain imaging, magnetoencephalography and the use of magnetic source imaging (MSI), positron emission tomography (PET), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The authors then discuss the various research applications of imaging, such as white matter connectivity; the function of the default mode network; the possibility and the utility of imaging of consciousness; the search for mnemonic traces of concepts the mechanisms of the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories; executive functions and their neuroanatomical mechanisms; voluntary actions, human will and decision-making; motor cognition; language and the mechanisms of affective states and pain. The final chapter discusses the uses of functional neuroimaging in the presurgical mapping of the brain.
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Berliner, Todd. Ideology, Emotion, and Aesthetic Pleasure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658748.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 examines the ways in which a film’s ideological properties contribute to aesthetic pleasure when they intensify, or when they complicate, viewers’ cognitive and affective responses. The chapter demonstrates the ways in which the ideology of a Hollywood film guides our beliefs, values, and emotional responses. In ideologically unified Hollywood films, such as Die Hard, Independence Day, Pickup on South Street, and Casablanca, narrative and stylistic devices concentrate our beliefs, values, and emotional responses, offering us a purer experience than we can find in most real-life situations. By contrast, ideologically complicated Hollywood films, such as Chinatown, The Third Man, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The Last Temptation of Christ, and The Dark Knight, advance their worldviews in a novel, ambiguous, or peculiar way, upsetting our appraisals of events and characters and complicating our intellectual and emotional experiences.
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Russell, James A. Toward a Broader Perspective on Facial Expressions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0006.
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This chapter offers an alternative account to the basic emotion theory. In my alternative, termed psychological construction, episodes called “emotional” consist of changes in various component processes (peripheral physiological changes, information processing including appraisals and attributions, expressive and instrumental behavior, subjective experiences), no one of which is itself an emotion or necessary or sufficient for an emotion to be instantiated. One hypothesis, for example, is that the production of facial expressions is accounted for by one or more of various alternative sources(such as perception, cognition, signaling of intented behavior, paralanguage, preparation for action, or core affect), not by a discrete emotion or affect program dedicated exclusively to emotion or to a specific emotion.
Book chapters on the topic "Cognitive appraisal theory"
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Aronson, Joshua, Geoffrey Cohen, and Paul R. Nail. "Self-affirmation theory: An update and appraisal." In Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a pivotal theory in psychology (2nd ed.)., 159–74. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000135-008.
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Scherer, Klaus R. "Appraisal Theory." In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, 637–63. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470013494.ch30.
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Rubinelli, Sara, Nicola Diviani, and Maddalena Fiordelli. "Towards a Framework of Skills for Health Information Appraisal: Insights from Argumentation Theory and the Cognitive and Behavioural Sciences." In Communicating COVID-19, 439–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41237-0_22.
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Lewis, Marc D. "Personal Pathways in the Development of Appraisal A Complex Systems/Stage Theory Perspective." In Appraisal Processes in Emotion, 205–20. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130072.003.0011.
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Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to model the development of emotion-related cognitive appraisals from birth to adulthood. According to cognitive-developmental theory, children’s thinking increases in complexity and abstraction with each developmental stage. Thus more sophisticated appraisal structures should become available as children grow older. However, no child moves straight along a normative high way of change. Rather, individual children progress along meandering pathways, where their appraisals evolve through experience according to what is personally meaningful. To examine these unique trajectories requires joining the perspective of personality development to that of cognitive development. Each stage of cognitive development provides a broad context in which individual meanings are sculpted in an emerging personality configuration. It is these meanings that guide appraisal processes and that are created and perpetuated by appraisals in turn.
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"Implications for theory and practice." In A Cognitive Approach to Performance Appraisal, 157–77. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203360026-14.
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"a general theory of comic entertainment: arousal, appraisal, and the PECMA flow." In Cognitive Media Theory, 189–207. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203098226-20.
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Reisenzein, Rainer. "Appraisal Processes Conceptualized from a Schema-Theoretic Perspective Contributions to a Process Analysis of Emotions." In Appraisal Processes in Emotion, 187–202. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130072.003.0010.
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Abstract Appraisal theory and research have so far concentrated on what can be called structural questions: to determine the patterns of appraisal characteristic for different emotions and the basic appraisal dimensions underlying these patterns. Less attention has so far been devoted to appraisal processing, a research lacuna that has been noted by appraisal theorists themselves (e.g., Frijda, 1993b; Lazarus, 1995b; Parkinson, 1997b; Scherer, 1993b; Smith, Griner, Kirby, & Scott, 1996). The aim of this chapter is to contribute to a process analysis of cognitive appraisals in emotion in two ways. In the first, general part of the chapter, I try to structure the problem at hand: I discuss the relation between structural and process theories of emotional appraisal and give an overview of what I believe to be the major points on the agenda of a process theory of emotional appraisals, understood as a computational theory (e.g., Fodor, 1975; Newell, 1980; more detail is given shortly). Although this part contains nothing that is fundamentally new, I hope that the resulting systematic list of questions can serve as a useful check list for appraisal process theorists.
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Garcia-Prieto, Patricia, and Klaus R. Scherer. "Connecting social identity theory and cognitive appraisal theory of emotions." In Social Identities, 189–208. Psychology Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203002971-10.
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Smith, Craig A., and Leslie D. Kirby. "Toward Delivering on the Promise of Appraisal Theory." In Appraisal Processes in Emotion, 121–38. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130072.003.0006.
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Abstract Appraisal theory promises a lot to the student of emotion. Although nominally a theory of the cognitive antecedents of emotion, the theory aspires to much more. In addition to describing the specific cognitions that elicit various emotions (e.g., Roseman, 1984; Scherer, 1984c; Smith & Ellsworth, 1985; Smith & Lazarus, 1990), appraisal theory promises to reveal much about broader issues in emotion psychology, such as: the kinds of situations and contexts likely to give rise to specific emotions for a particular individual (e.g., Smith & Pope, 1992) and the organization of physiological activity (both facial and autonomic) in emotion (e.g., Kirby, 1999b; Lazarus, 1968b; Scherer, 1986a, 1992c; C. A. Smith, 1989; Smith & Scott, 1997), as well as the motivational functions served by emotion (e.g., Frijda, 1987; Roseman, Wiest, & Swartz, 1994) and the role of emotion in coping and adaptation (e.g., Lazarus, 1968b, 1991b; Smith & Wallston, 1992).
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Pandit Hogan, Lalita. "11. Prophesying with Accents Terrible: Emotion and Appraisal in Macbeth." In Toward a Cognitive Theory of Narrative Acts, 251–80. University of Texas Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/721579-012.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cognitive appraisal theory"
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Lim, Xin-Jean, and Jun-Hwa Cheah. "Are we Ready to Adopt Facial Recognition Payment System?: The Perspective of Cognitive Appraisal Theory." In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istas57930.2023.10305994.
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Chirkunov, Kirill, Anastasiia Gorelova, Zoia Filippova, Oksana Popova, Andrey Shokhin, and Semen Zaitsev. "Modern Look at Uncertainty in Conceptual Geological Modelling. Development of the Decision Support System for Petroleum Exploration." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206078-ms.
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Abstract At the early stages of field life, the subsurface project team operates under lack of information. Due to the high uncertainties, decisions at the exploration and appraisal stages are often influenced by cognitive distortion that leads to overestimation or underestimation of hydrocarbon reserves and, as a result, to suboptimal investment decisions. World practice allows us to identify the most common causes of cognitive bias: the team focus on the most provable according to their view scenario and may ignore data that contradicts the chosen scenario,the opinions of the team members differ in the choice of the most likely scenario,the team members work with geological and geophysical (G&G) data performing separate tasks and may miss important connections between various sources of information. The consequences of these cognitive distortions cause an increase in risk capital, the duration of exploration activities, and the choice of suboptimal field developmentstrategy resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of the exploration program and the project as a whole. To reduce such risks, it is possible to attract subject matter experts with extensive experience to support the project team. But the amount of experts is limited and this approach cannot be implemented for the entire portfolio of exploration projects. As result of a research project of Gazpromneft in a partnership with IBM Research, an innovative approach was developed for the objective integration of geological and geophysical data. The main idea of this approach is to support the geologist's decisions by an intelligent assistant working on the principles of the modern theory of knowledge engineering. Using the generalized expert knowledge, the intelligent assistant impartially integrates disparate geological information into a set of conceptual geological models (scenarios, objectively evaluates their probabilities, and helps to plan optimal exploration/appraisal activities.
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Ueda, Kazutaka. "Neural Mechanisms of Evaluation and Memory of Product." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34735.
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A consumer’s emotional response to a product is influenced by cognitive processes, such as memories associated with use of the product and expectations of its performance. Here, we propose a cognitive neural model of Expectology, called PEAM (Prediction - Experience - Appraisal - Memory), as a novel tool that considers consumers’ emotional responses in order to aid in product design. The PEAM model divides cognitive processes associated with product use into 4 phases: prediction, experience, appraisal, and memory. We examined the spatiotemporal changes in brain activity associated with product evaluation and memory during the prediction phase, by obtaining electroencephalograms (EEGs). EEGs of 10 healthy participants with normal or corrected-to-normal vision were recorded while they viewed images of products as well as when they provided a preference rating for each product. Our results revealed significantly increased neural activity in the gamma frequency in the temporal areas, the brain regions where declarative memory is stored, and in the prefrontal area for products that were rated as preferable. Our data suggest that memory is used for product evaluation in the prediction phase. These findings also suggest that activity in these specific brain areas are reliable predictors for product evaluation.
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Agustiningsih, R. D. "Unpleasant Emotions in Linking Cognitive Appraisals and Academic Procrastination in Doing Thesis Article: A Perspective of Control-Value Theory." In 1st Paris Van Java International Seminar on Health, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (PVJ-ISHESSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210304.060.
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Bari, Abdul, Mohammad Rasheed Khan, M. Sohaib Tanveer, Muhammad Hammad, Asad Mumtaz Adhami, Sarmad S. Siddiqi, Talha Zubair, et al. "A Cognitive Data-Driven Single-Well Modeling Workflow for Reservoir Deliverability Predictions – Expanding the Wireline Formation Tester Application Envelope." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204802-ms.
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Abstract In today's dynamically challenging E&P industry, exploration activities demand for out-of-the-box measures to make the most out of the data available at hand. Instead of relying on time consuming and cost-intensive deliverability testing, there is a strong push to extract maximum possible information from time- and cost-efficient wireline formation testers in combination with other openhole logs to get critical reservoir insight. Consequently, driving efficiency in the appraisal process by reducing redundant expenditures linked with reservoir evaluation. Employing a data-driven approach, this paper addresses the need to build single-well analytical models that combines knowledge of core data, petrophysical evaluation and reservoir fluid properties. Resultantly, predictive analysis using cognitive processes to determine multilayer productivity for an exploratory well is achieved. Single Well Predictive Modeling (SWPM) workflow is developed for this case which utilizes plethora of formation evaluation information which traditionally resides across siloed disciplines. A tailor-made workflow has been implemented which goes beyond the conventional formation tester deliverables while incorporating PVT and numerical simulation methodologies. Stage one involved reservoir characterization utilizing Interval Pressure Transient Testing (IPTT) done through the mini-DST operation on wireline formation tester. Stage two concerns the use of analytical modeling to yield exact solution to an approximate problem whose end-product is an estimate of the Absolute Open Flow Potential (AOFP). Stage three involves utilizing fluid properties from downhole fluid samples and integrating with core, OH logs, and IPTT answer products to yield a calibrated SWPM model, which includes development of a 1D petrophysical model. Additionally, this stage produces a 3D simulation model to yield a reservoir production performance deliverable which considers variable rock typing through neural network analysis. Ultimately, stage four combines the preceding analysis to develop a wellbore production model which aids in optimizing completion strategies. The application of this data-driven and cognitive technique has helped the operator in evaluating the potential of the reservoir early-on to aid in the decision-making process for further investments. An exhaustive workflow is in place that can be adopted for informed reservoir deliverability modeling in case of early well-life evaluations.
Reports on the topic "Cognitive appraisal theory"
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Pynadath, David V., Mei Si, and Stacy C. Marsella. Modeling Theory of Mind and Cognitive Appraisal with Decision-Theoretic Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560223.
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Patton, Amy, Kylie Dunavan, Kyla Key, Steffani Takahashi, Kathryn Tenner, and Megan Wilson. Reducing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression for NICU Parents. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0012.
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This project aims to appraise evidence of the effectiveness of various practices on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The project contains six research articles from both national and international journals. Study designs include one meta-analysis, one randomized controlled trial, one small scale randomized controlled trial, one prospective phase lag cohort study, on pretest-posttest study, and one mixed-methods pretest-posttest study. Recommendations for effective interventions were based on best evidence discovered through quality appraisal and study outcomes. All interventions, except for educational programs and Kangaroo Care, resulted in a statistically significant reduction of either stress, anxiety, and/ or depression. Family centered care and mindfulness-based intervention reduced all barriers of interest. There is strong and high-quality evidence for the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on depression, moderate evidence for the effect of activity-based group therapy on anxiety, and promising evidence for the effect of HUG Your Baby on stress.
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Delineau, Valeska, Ligia Passos, Ana Rita Ferreira, and Lia Fernandes. The role of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patient’s autonomy. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0008.
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Review question / Objective: This scoping review study aims to identify, summarize, and appraise available literature regarding the role of (BPSD)/neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients’ autonomy with all types of dementia diagnoses. To accomplish this objective, this scoping review will address the following question: What is the role of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in the patient’s autonomy? This review will comprise the terms capacity, functional abilities, and competence in the autonomy concept. Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by the development of multiple cognitive deficits and behavioral changes that interferes with multiple aspects of life, including cognition, daily functioning, and behavioral. With the progress of the disease, the patients lose their capacity, functional abilities, competence, and autonomy (Barbas & Wilde, 2001; Darby & Dickerson, 2017; Irastorza, Corujo, & Bañuelos, 2011; Lee, Jang, & Chang, 2019; Marson, 2013).