Journal articles: 'Cognitive appraisal model'

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Berjot, S., C. Roland-Levy, and N. Girault-Lidvan. "Cognitive Appraisals of Stereotype Threat." Psychological Reports 108, no. 2 (April 2011): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/04.07.21.pr0.108.2.585-598.

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Using the cognitive appraisal conceptualisation of the transactional model of stress, the goal was to assess how victims of stereotype threat respond to this situation in terms of primary appraisals (threat/challenge) and to investigate whether those appraisals may mediate the relation between stereotype threat and performance. Results show that, while participants from North Africa living in France did appraise the situation more as a threat and less as a challenge, only challenge appraisal mediated between stereotype threat and performance.

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Daly, Joanne M., Britton W. Brewer, Judy L. Van Raalte, Albert J. Petitpas, and Joseph H. Sklar. "Cognitive Appraisal, Emotional Adjustment, and Adherence to Rehabilitation Following Knee Surgery." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 4, no. 1 (February 1995): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.4.1.23.

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Cognitive appraisal models of adjustment to sport injury hold that cognitive appraisals of the injury determine emotional responses to the injury, which in turn influence behavioral responses (e.g., adherence to rehabilitation). To test this model, recreational and competitive athletes undergoing rehabilitation following knee surgery (N = 31) appraised their ability to cope with their injury and completed a measure of mood disturbance. Adherence to rehabilitation was measured in terms of attendance at rehabilitation sessions and physical therapist/athletic trainer ratings of patient behavior during rehabilitation sessions. As predicted, cognitive appraisal was associated with emotional disturbance. Emotional disturbance was inversely related to one measure of adherence (attendance) but was unrelated to the other measure of adherence (physical therapist/athletic trainer ratings). The results of this study provide support for cognitive appraisal models and suggest that emotional disturbance may be a marker for poor adherence to sport injury rehabilitation regimens.

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Levo, Lynn M., and Donald Biggs. "Cognitive Factors in Effectively Coping with Home/Career Stress." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.3.1.53.

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Many women who choose to combine family and career often report stress related to professional, parental, and marital obligations and expectations. Surprisingly, little research has examined the adequacy of women’s efforts to cope with this stress. In particular, research is needed to identify the critical cognitive variables that can influence women’s inferences about home/career stress and their choice of coping strategies. Such data would be useful for targeting the cognitive change mechanisms in any cognitive-based treatment interventions for this population. The present study compared two models for describing critical cognitive factors that influence women’s choices of effective coping strategies for dealing with home/career stress. In the first model, two cognitive characteristics of a woman, her sex-role beliefs and her conceptual level, are viewed as the major causal factors that influence her choice of effective coping strategies. In the second model, a woman’s sex-role beliefs and her conceptual level are assumed to influence her cognitive appraisal of her level of stress and/or her appraisal of her resources for coping with stress, and these appraisals subsequently influence the woman’s choice of effective coping strategies. The findings from this study provide some support for a cognitive mediated model of home/career stress-coping. In this model, a woman’s sex-role beliefs and her conceptual level influence her cognitive appraisal of her resources for coping with the stressful demands, and this appraisal then influences her level of effectiveness in coping with the situation. In particular, a woman’s sex-role beliefs and her cognitive appraisal of her resources for coping with stressful home/career demands appear to be significant cognitive variables that influence her level of effective coping. Androgynous women tend to report more confidence in their ability to cope with stressful home/career demands than do feminine women, and women who appraise themselves as having more resources to cope with stressful home/career demands tend to select more effective coping strategies.

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Mantz, Sharlene C., and Maree J. Abbott. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Paediatric and Adult Samples: Nature, Treatment and Cognitive Processes. A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature." Behaviour Change 34, no. 1 (April 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2017.6.

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The appraisal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggests that six key appraisal domains contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of OCD symptoms. An accumulating body of evidence supports this notion and suggests that modifying cognitive appraisals may be beneficial in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. This literature review first summarises the nature of OCD and its treatment, followed by a summary of the existing correlational and experimental research on the role of cognitive appraisal processes in OCD across both adult and paediatric samples. While correlational data provide some support for the relationship between cognitive appraisal domains and OCD symptoms, results are inconclusive, and experimental methods are warranted to determine the precise causal relationship between specific cognitive appraisal domains and OCD symptoms.

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Hudek-Knežević, Jasna, and Igor Kardum. "The Effects of Dispositional and Situational Coping, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisal on Immediate Outcome." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 16, no. 3 (September 2000): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.190.

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Summary: The effects of coping styles and strategies, perceived social support, and primary and secondary cognitive appraisal on immediate outcome were examined in this study. Two theoretical models were tested via linear structural equation modelling (LISREL VI) on a sample of 116 women. The first model was derived from the structural approach to stress and coping, while the second was based primarily on a theoretical position of the transactional approach to stress and coping process. Both models were tested twice, by taking into account appraisal of threat and appraisal of controllability. The results indicate the importance of cognitive appraisals and their effects on adaptational outcomes, situational coping efforts as well as their mediating role between some coping resources and adaptational outcomes. The main differences obtained in the models tested account for the type of cognitive appraisal included in the analyses. The appraisal of threat proved to be a more central component of stressful experience than appraisal of controllability. The results also show that dispositional as well as situational coping strategies exert relatively weak effects on immediate outcome.

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Vallerand, Robert J. "Antecedents of Self-Related Affects in Sport: Preliminary Evidence on the Intuitive-Reflective Appraisal Model." Journal of Sport Psychology 9, no. 2 (March 1987): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.9.2.161.

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In line with various cognitive theories of emotion, Vallerand (1983, 1984) has proposed an intuitive-reflective appraisal model for self-related affects in achievement situations. A fundamental postulate of the model states that it is the cognitive evaluation of events and not events per se that produces emotions. Such cognitive evaluation can be seen as intuitive (almost automatic) and reflective (deliberate) in nature. Whereas the intuitive appraisal is akin to one's almost automatic subjective assessment of performance, the reflective appraisal is hypothesized to include several forms: (a) intellectualization, (b) comparison (self, outcome, and social) processes, (c) mastery-related cognitions, (d) information processing functions, and (e) causal attributions. Two studies tested some of the model's postulates in field (Study 1) and laboratory (Study 2) settings. Results showed support for some of the model's postulates in that both the intuitive and reflective attributional appraisals were found to have important effects on self- and general-type affects. In addition, perceptions of success/failure (the intuitive appraisal of performance) had more potent effects on affects than did objective success/failure. On the other hand, the intellectualization reflective appraisal (task importance) did not have appreciable effects on affects. Results are discussed in light of the intuitive-reflective appraisal model, and implications for future studies on emotion in sport are underscored.

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Nurius, Paula S., Jeanette Norris, Diane S. Young, Thomas L. Graham, and Jan Gaylord. "Interpreting and Defensively Responding to Threat: Examining Appraisals and Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression." Violence and Victims 15, no. 2 (January 2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.187.

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Resistance and prevention programming aimed at strengthening women’s ability to protect themselves against acquaintance sexual aggression has lacked attention to the cognitive and emotional processes women engage in when encountering such threats. Building upon current theory related to cognitive appraisal and coping processes, this study applies a theoretical model of how women evaluate and respond to sexual aggression by male acquaintances. Two hundred and two college women who had been sexually victimized by male acquaintances responded to a questionnaire that assessed their cognitive appraisals of and emotional and behavioral responses to the incident, in addition to aggression characteristics. Path analytic regression analyses examined theorized relationships among primary and secondary appraisal and emotional response variables in addition to their collective prediction of behavioral responding. The hypothesized model accounted for significant variance in behavioral responding and indicated different patterns of appraisals, emotions, and aggression characteristics predicting women’s assertive and diplomatic behavioral responses to their assaults. These findings are consistent with research and theory related to individuals’ appraisal of and coping with threatening events. Theoretical and intervention implications for resistance and prevention efforts are discussed.

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Castellanos, Sergio, and Luis-Felipe Rodríguez. "A Flexible Scheme to Model the Cognitive Influence on Emotions in Autonomous Agents." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 12, no. 4 (October 2018): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2018100105.

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Autonomous agents (AAs) are designed to embody the natural intelligence by incorporating cognitive mechanisms that are applied to evaluate stimuli from an emotional perspective. Computational models of emotions (CMEs) implement mechanisms of human information processing in order to provide AAs for a capability to assign emotional values to perceived stimuli and implement emotion-driven behaviors. However, a major challenge in the design of CMEs is how cognitive information is projected from the architecture of AAs. This article presents a cognitive model for CMEs based on appraisal theory aimed at modeling AAs' interactions between cognitive and affective processes. The proposed scheme explains the influence of AAs' cognition on emotions by fuzzy membership functions associated to appraisal dimensions. The computational simulation is designed in the context of an integrative framework to facilitate the development of CMEs, which are capable of interacting with cognitive components of AAs. This article presents a case study and experiment that demonstrate the functionality of the proposed models.

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Broekens, Joost, Doug DeGroot, and Walter A. Kosters. "Formal models of appraisal: Theory, specification, and computational model." Cognitive Systems Research 9, no. 3 (June 2008): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2007.06.007.

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Thibault-Landry, Anaïs, Richard Egan, Laurence Crevier-Braud, Lara Manganelli, and Jacques Forest. "An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory." Advances in Developing Human Resources 20, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422318756636.

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The Problem Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined. The Solution We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion. The Stakeholders Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.

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Mehu, Marc, and Klaus R. Scherer. "The Appraisal Bias Model of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression." Emotion Review 7, no. 3 (April 10, 2015): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073915575406.

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Wells, Adrian. "Meta-Cognition and Worry: A Cognitive Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 3 (July 1995): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800015897.

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A meta-cognitive classification and analysis of factors contributing to the development of problematic worry is presented. Dimensions of meta-beliefs, meta-worry, cognitive consciousness, and strategies can be distinguished. A cognitive model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder is advanced based on this framework in which GAD results from an interaction between the motivated use of worry as a coping strategy, negative appraisal of worry, and worry control attempts. These factors result from combinations of dysfunctional meta-beliefs and contribute to subjectively diminished cognitive control. The model presents new implications for a cognitive therapy of GAD, and these are illustrated with a single case treatment study.

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Meyers, Katherine, and Michael A. Young. "Illness Attitudes Associated with Seasonal Depressive Symptoms: An Examination Using a Newly Developed Implicit Measure." Depression Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/397076.

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The Dual Vulnerability Model of seasonal depression posits that seasonal vegetative symptoms are due to a physiological vulnerability, but cognitive and mood symptoms are the result of negative appraisal of vegetative changes. In addition, rumination may be associated with stronger negative attitudes toward vegetative symptoms. This is the first study to examine implicit attitudes toward vegetative symptoms. We hypothesized that illness attitudes about fatigue moderate the relationship between the severity of vegetative symptoms and the severity of cognitive symptoms and that the illness attitudes are associated with rumination. This study also developed an implicit method to assess the appraisal of fatigue as indicating illness. Results supported both hypotheses. Illness attitudes toward fatigue moderated the relationship between vegetative symptoms and cognitive symptoms. Ruminative response style was positively associated with implicit illness attitudes towards fatigue. The study provides support for the role of negative appraisals of vegetative symptoms in the development of cognitive and mood seasonal depressive symptoms.

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Ahn, Hyunsik, and Sung Park. "Contextual Emotion Appraisal Based on a Sentential Cognitive System for Robots." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052027.

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Emotion plays a powerful role in human interaction with robots. In order to express more human-friendly emotions, robots need the capability of contextual appraisal that expresses the emotional relevance of various targets in the spatiotemporal situation. In this paper, an emotional appraisal methodology is proposed to cope with such contexts. Specifically, the Ortony, Clore, and Collins model is abstracted and simplified to approximate an emotional appraisal model in the form of a sentence-based cognitive system. The contextual emotion appraisal is modeled by formulating the emotional relationships among multiple targets and the emotional transition with events and time passing. To verify the proposed robotic system’s feasibility, simulations were conducted for scenarios where it interacts with humans manipulating liked or disliked objects on a table. This experiment demonstrated that the robot’s emotion could change over time like humans by using a proposed formula for emotional valence, which is moderated by emotion appraisal of occurring events.

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Zhu, Fei, Katrin Burmeister-Lamp, and Dan Kai Hsu. "To leave or not? The impact of family support and cognitive appraisals on venture exit intention." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 23, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 566–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2016-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how family support affects challenge and hindrance appraisals, which in turn, influence entrepreneurs’ venture exit intention drawing on the challenge-hindrance job stressor model, family support, and the venture exit literature. Design/methodology/approach An experimental study (Study 1) was conducted to establish the relationships among family support, challenge and hindrance appraisals, and entrepreneurs’ venture exit intention. Two survey studies (Study 2 and Study 3) were conducted to extend the external validity of findings in Study 1 and to examine whether the theoretical framework holds in both the US and Chinese contexts. Findings All three studies demonstrate that family support decreases entrepreneurs’ venture exit intention by reducing hindrance appraisal. Study 3 also shows the mediating role of challenge appraisal in the family support – venture exit intention relationship. Originality/value This research contributes to the family embeddedness perspective not only by showing its relevance to the venture exit context but also by validating the relationship of family support with cognitive appraisals and venture exit intention in two cultural contexts. It also contributes to venture exit research by highlighting the unique role of cognitive appraisals in the formation of entrepreneurs’ venture exit intention.

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Ramsay, Jason T., and Marc D. Lewis. "The causal status of emotions in consciousness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00462424.

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Rolls demonstrates how reward/punishment systems are key mediators of cognitive appraisal, and this suggests a fundamental, causal role for emotion in thought and behaviour. However, this causal role for emotion seems to drop out of Rolls's model of consciousness, to be replaced by the old idea that emotion is essentially epiphenomenal. We suggest a modification to Rolls's model in which cognition and emotion activate each other reciprocally, both in appraisal and consciousness, thus allowing emotion to maintain its causal status where it matters most.

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Mittal, Shashank. "Comprehensive moderated mediation model of potential appraisal of employees." Journal of Management Development 39, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-03-2019-0077.

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PurposePotential appraisal is the foremost indicator of employee's readiness to take higher responsibilities and used for multiple purposes in promotion, human resource development including training and development needs of employees. This study examines how construal level as psychological difference among employees (holistic–analytic differential in preference of thinking for various action domains among individuals) and meaningfulness of work is related to their readiness for development and responsibility. Combining meaning of work literature and cognitive psychology, the moderated mediation model is formed to examine the psychological process and social boundary conditions in the relationship between construal level and potential appraisal of employees.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 1,494 working executives and their 297 reporting managers across companies operating in an industrial cluster situated in India. The proposed model considered “experienced meaningfulness” as mediator and contextual factors of psychological empowerment and supervisor feedback as moderators.FindingsUsing multi-variate analysis and after controlling for industry type and experience, supervisor potential appraisal ratings of employees are found to be statistically related to construal level, and this relationship is found to be partially mediated by “experienced meaningfulness” of work. Further, contextual factors are found to be significant as moderators.Originality/valueBy bringing the subjective interpretation of different aspects of meaning of work from work design literature to examine its role in relationship between aspects of cognitive psychology and potential appraisal of employees, this study bridges the gap between cognitive psychology of development, meaning of work literature and HRD literature. Further implications for academic literature and managers are discussed.

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Wells, Adrian. "Worry, Metacognition, and GAD: Nature, Consequences, and Treatment." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 16, no. 2 (June 2002): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcop.16.2.179.63994.

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Worrying can be distinguished from other forms of negative thinking, and it is a central feature of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD). It is argued that both the occurrence and the appraisal of worrying have potentially damaging consequences for emotional well-being. Worrying is part of a cognitive-attentional syndrome maintaining emotional disturbance, and negative appraisal of worrying is central in GAD. The maintenance of pathological worrying can be linked to particular metacognitive beliefs about worry. In the metacognitive model of GAD (Wells, 1995), erroneous metacognitive beliefs and negative appraisals concerning worry, and resulting responses, are an engine driving specific disorder maintenance loops. The model has important treatment implications, and has led to the development of a metacognitive-focused treatment for GAD which is described.

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MacFarlane, Les, and Cameron Montgomery. "Influencing the Mind Through the Body: A Theoretical Model for Coping With Student Teacher Stress Through Physical Exercise." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 9, no. 2 (June 2010): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.9.2.183.

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This article is a theoretical synthesis of two distinct concepts: student teacher stress and physical exercise. This article begins by reviewing the literature surrounding these two ideas and leads to a theoretical framework that integrates the concepts embedded in Loehr’s theories on stress and physical exercise, as well as Folkman and Lazarus’ model of cognitive appraisal. The article proposes an explanation of how physical exercise interacts with cognitive appraisal.

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Gomes, Cristiano M. A., Hudson F. Golino, and Bianca C. G. Costa. "DYNAMIC SYSTEM APPROACH IN PSYCHOLOGY: PROPOSITION AND APPLICATION IN THE STUDY OF EMOTION, APPRAISAL AND COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 6, no. 1 (July 20, 2013): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/13.06.15.

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Psychological processes are difficult to be studied due to their complexity. The dynamic system approach shows itself as a good tool for psychology to deal with this complexity issue. We propose two fundamental contributions of the dynamic system approach to psychology and apply it in the study of achievement emotions, appraisal and cognitive achievement. Two hypotheses were investigated: 1) More than one correlation pattern between test achievement, appraisal and emotion will be found; 2) Test achievement, appraisal and emotion form a dynamic system which will be explained by a latent variable that is dependent on the previous state of the system. A sample of thirteen students from seventh to ninth grades performed an inductive reasoning test, appraised their achievement, and declared their emotional valences (from extreme positive to extreme negative). Each variable was measured in 20 different occasions. One correlation matrix of each individual was generated and seven qualitative profiles were identified. Then four different states of relations between the variables were identified through a hidden Markov model. The two hypotheses were not refuted. It’s concluded that the dynamic system approach brings new possibilities to the study of psychological processes. Key words: achievement emotion, appraisal, cognitive achievement, dynamic system approach, methodology.

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Carpenter, Roger D., Laurie A. Theeke, Jennifer A. Mallow, Elliott Theeke, and Diana Gilleland. "Relationships among Distress, Appraisal, Self-Management Behaviors, and Psychosocial Factors in a Sample of Rural Appalachian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes." Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 17, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 34–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v17i2.446.

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Background: Diabetes contributes to the development of multiple chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, and lower-limb amputations. Currently, it is known that the Appalachian Region is an area of significant disparity in the occurrence of Diabetes. Persons with Diabetes can develop high levels of cognitive stress related to the experience of living with Diabetes.Method: This paper presents the results of a descriptive study guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC), aiming to enhance understanding of the relationships among diabetes-related distress, appraisal, and self-management in a sample of 102 adults who were living rurally in Appalachia.Findings: The majority of the study sample were low-income, obese, and had mean A1C levels above the goal for adequate diabetes control. Over one-third of the sample had a high likelihood or possibility of limited literacy Participants reported adhering to medication on over 6 days of the week but adhering to diet and exercise on fewer days per week. Overall, the sample had a lower level of distress related to the diagnosis of diabetes. Participants perceived diabetes as more of a challenge than a threat, harm, or benign stressor. Diabetes related distress was inversely correlated to challenge appraisals and benign appraisals, but positively correlated to threat and harm appraisals. Anxiety and depression were significantly positively related to diabetes related distress, threat appraisals, and harm appraisals and significantly negatively correlated with challenge and benign appraisals.Conclusions: Recommendations for future research include the development and testing of targeted interventions that address the study findings including health literacy level, challenge appraisals, and the interrelationships of psychological and physical health variables. Knowing that diabetes is appraised as a challenge enhances the likelihood that it may be amenable to intervention. The interrelatedness of anxiety and depression to self-management further informs future intervention design.Keywords: Psychosocial Factors, Rural, Diabetes, Adults, Self Management, Cognitive appraisal, DistressDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v17i1.446

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Lepron, E., S. Treserras, and J.-F. Démonet. "Contextual appraisal model of empathy: an effective connectivity study." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72182-2.

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Zhang, Hui, Min Zhuang, Yihan Cao, Jingxian Pan, Xiaowan Zhang, Jie Zhang, and Honglei Zhang. "Social Distancing in Tourism Destination Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Moderated Mediation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 11223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111223.

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While protective measures in response to infectious diseases may reduce the freedom of tourists (regarding their behaviors), few studies have documented the effects of destination protective measures on the self-protective behaviors of tourists. By applying the protection motivation theory, this study examines the effects of perceived destination protective supports on the social distancing intentions of tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results reveal significant relationships among perceived destination support, coping appraisal, threat appraisal, and the social distancing intentions of tourists. Moreover, two cognitive appraisals—toward the pandemic—partially mediate the relationship between perceived destination support and social distancing intention, and this mediational process is ‘intervened’ with by social norms. This has implications on whether tourist destinations apply more rigorous social distancing polices during the COVID-19 pandemic, to enhance the coping confidence behaviors of tourists, without causing anxiety and fear, and to achieve the goal of enhancing tourists’ intentions to protect themselves.

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Toneatto, Tony. "The Regulation of Cognitive States: A Cognitive Model of Psychoactive Substance Abuse." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 9, no. 2 (January 1995): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.9.2.93.

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This paper describes a cognitive model of psychoactive substance abuse which emphasizes the ability of psychoactive substances to rapidly modify uncomfortable cognitive states. Cognitive states include any mental event of which one can become aware such as thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions and memories. It is suggested that substance abusers have learned to interpret such mental events (i.e., metacognitions) in such a way that they are construed as harmful, threatening, and undesirable. Psychoactive substance abuse becomes the preferred means of effectively modifying such cognitive states. A cognitive treatment of substance abuse, based on the model successfully employed in the treatment of anxiety disorders, is outlined which stresses the importance of gradually exposing substance-dependent clients to avoided cognitive states within a therapeutic environment that encourages disconfirmation of dysfunctional metacognitions and a more adaptive appraisal of their cognitive states.

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Nicholls, Adam R., John L. Perry, and Luis Calmeiro. "Precompetitive Achievement Goals, Stress Appraisals, Emotions, and Coping Among Athletes." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 36, no. 5 (October 2014): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0266.

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Grounded in Lazarus’s (1991, 1999, 2000) cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotions, we tested a model of achievement goals, stress appraisals, emotions, and coping. We predicted that precompetitive achievement goals would be associated with appraisals, appraisals with emotions, and emotions with coping in our model. The mediating effects of emotions among the overall sample of 827 athletes and two stratified random subsamples were also explored. The results of this study support our proposed model in the overall sample and the stratified subsamples. Further, emotion mediated the relationship between appraisal and coping. Mediation analyses revealed that there were indirect effects of pleasant and unpleasant emotions, which indicates the importance of examining multiple emotions to reveal a more accurate representation of the overall stress process. Our findings indicate that both appraisals and emotions are just as important in shaping coping.

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Bradley, T. B. "REMEDIATION OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE FEUERSTEIN MODEL*." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 27, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1983.tb00281.x.

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Damgaard, Malte Rørmose, Rasmus Pedersen, and Thomas Bak. "Escaping Local Minima via Appraisal Driven Responses." Robotics 11, no. 6 (December 16, 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11060153.

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Inspired by the reflective and deliberative control mechanisms used in cognitive architectures such as SOAR and Sigma, we propose an alternative decision mechanism driven by architectural appraisals allowing robots to overcome impasses. The presented work builds on and improves on our previous work on a generally applicable decision mechanism with roots in the Standard Model of the Mind and the Generalized Cognitive Hour-glass Model. The proposed decision mechanism provides automatic context-dependent switching between exploration-oriented, goal-oriented, and backtracking behavior, allowing a robot to overcome impasses. A simulation study of two applications utilizing the proposed decision mechanism is presented demonstrating the applicability of the proposed decision mechanism.

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Bengtsson, Hans. "Children’s cognitive appraisal of others’ distressful and positive experiences." International Journal of Behavioral Development 27, no. 5 (September 2003): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000073.

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The study presents a theoretical model for understanding how children’s cognitive processing of empathy-provoking information is linked to vicariously aroused feelings, and to prosocial and aggressive behaviour. Predictions from the model were tested in a cross-sectional sample of second-, fourth-, and sixth-graders ( N = 175) and in a large sample of fourth-graders ( N = 124). Two significant forms of information processing bias were identified: (a) one that enhances the awareness of potential threats towards the self or others, and (b) one that reduces the emotional significance of the stimuli subjected to processing. Children high in empathy and prosocial behaviour tended to experience moderate levels of threat and to modulate the emotional significance of empathy-provoking stimuli through cognitive restructuring. Aggressive children tended to use dismissive operations and typically experienced either very low or very high levels of threat. The oldest children differed from the youngest by using more multiple perspective taking and cognitive restructuring.

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Mocenni, Chiara, Giuseppe Montefrancesco, and Silvia Tiezzi. "A Model of Spontaneous Remission From Addiction." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2019010102.

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This article develops a formal model of spontaneous recovery from pathological addiction. It regards addiction as a progressive susceptibility to stochastic environmental cues and introduce a cognitive appraisal process in individual decision making depending on past addiction experiences and on their future expected consequences. This process affects consumption choices in two ways. The reward from use decreases with age. At the same time, cognitive incentives emerge that reduce the probability of making mistakes. In addition to modeling the role of cue-triggered mistakes in individual decision making, the analysis highlights the role of other factors such as subjective self-evaluation and cognitive control. The implications for social policy and for the treatment of drug and alcohol dependence are discussed.

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Smith, Craig A., and Leslie D. Kirby. "Putting appraisal in context: Toward a relational model of appraisal and emotion." Cognition & Emotion 23, no. 7 (November 2009): 1352–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930902860386.

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Wong, W., Y. Chow, S. Wong, P. Chen, H. Lim, L. McCracken, and R. Fielding. "The role of coping flexibility in chronic pain adjustment: Preliminary analysis." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S208—S209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.498.

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IntroductionWhile a body of research has evidenced the role of pain coping in chronic pain adjustment, the role of coping flexibility in chronic pain adjustment has received little research attention. Coping flexibility can be conceptualized with two dimensions, cognitive and behavioral. The cognitive dimension of coping flexibility (or coping appraisal flexibility) refers to one's appraisal of pain experience when changing coping strategies whereas the behavioral dimension of coping flexibility denotes the variety of coping responses individuals use in dealing with stressful demands.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to present preliminary findings on the role of coping flexibility in chronic pain adjustment by assessing 3 competing models of pain coping flexibility (see Figs. 1–3).MethodsPatients with chronic pain (n = 300) completed a battery of questionnaire assessing pain disability, discriminative facility, need for closure, pain coping behavior, coping flexibility, and pain catastrophizing. The 3 hypothesized models were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). In all models tested, need for closure and discriminative facility were fitted as the dispositional cognitive and motivational factors respectively underlying the coping mechanism, whereas pain catastrophizing and pain intensity were included as covariates.ResultsResults of SEM showed that the hierarchical model obtained the best data-model fit (CFI = 0.96) whereas the other two models did not attain an accept fit (CFI ranging from 0.70–0.72).ConclusionOur results lend tentative support for the hierarchical model of pain coping flexibility that coping variability mediated the effects of coping appraisal flexibility on disability.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Hammermeister, Jon, and Damon Burton. "Stress, Appraisal, and Coping Revisited: Examining the Antecedents of Competitive State Anxiety with Endurance Athletes." Sport Psychologist 15, no. 1 (March 2001): 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.1.66.

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This exploratory investigation examined the value of using Lazarus’ (1991; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) stress model, (i.e., primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and perceived coping) to identify the antecedents of cognitive and somatic state anxiety for endurance athletes. This study also assessed whether endurance athletes with qualitatively similar levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety demonstrate differential antecedent profiles. Participants were 175 triathletes, 70 distance runners, and 70 cyclists who completed stress-related questionnaires 1-2 days prior to competition and the CSAI-2 approximately one hour before competing. Results revealed that all three components of Lazarus’ stress model predicted both cognitive and somatic state anxiety better than did individual model components. Moreover, perceived threat accounted for a greater percentage of variance in cognitive and somatic anxiety than did perceived control or coping resources. Cluster analyses revealed distinct antecedent profiles for high, moderate, low, and “repressed” anxious endurance athletes, suggesting that multiple antecedent profiles may exist for highly anxious athletes in endurance sports.

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Newton, A. Taylor, and Daniel N. McIntosh. "Specific Religious Beliefs in a Cognitive Appraisal Model of Stress and Coping." International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 20, no. 1 (January 2010): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508610903418129.

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Scherer, Robert F., Joseph C. Coleman, Philip M. Drumheller, and Crystal L. Owen. "Assessment of Cognitive Appraisal and Coping Linkages Using Two Forms of Canonical Correlation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (August 1994): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.259.

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As a conceptual framework for research on stress and coping, the transactional model of Lazarus and Folkman is process-oriented and requires methodologies that capture the process nature of cognitive appraisal and coping across stages of a transaction. Two forms of canonical correlation were used to analyze strength of association measures between pairs of cognitive appraisal and coping variable sets for 138 student subjects. Analysis indicated that, when an environmental transaction includes more than one time period, the generalized canonical correlation approach may offer some advantages in assessing linkage strength over the pairwise method.

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Gluz, João, and Patricia A. Jaques. "A Probabilistic Formalization of the Appraisal for the OCC Event-Based Emotions." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 58 (March 28, 2017): 627–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5320.

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This article presents a logical formalization of the emotional appraisal theory, i.e., it formalizes the cognitive process of evaluation that elicits an emotion. This formalization is psychologically grounded on the OCC cognitive model of emotions. More specifically, we are interested in event-based emotions, i.e., emotions that are elicited by the evaluation of the consequences of an event that either happened or will happen. The formal modelling presented here is based on the AfPL Probabilistic Logic, a BDI-like probabilistic modal logic, which allows our model to verify whether the variables that determine the elicitation of emotions achieved the necessary threshold or not. The proposed logical formalization aims at addressing how the emotions are elicited by the agent cognitive mental states (desires, beliefs and intentions), and how to represent the intensity of the emotions. These are important initial points in the investigation of the dynamic interaction among emotions and other mental states.

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Jones, D. E., C. Snider, and B. Hicks. "A FRAMING OF DESIGN AS PATHWAYS BETWEEN PHYSICAL, VIRTUAL AND COGNITIVE MODELS." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.128.

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AbstractDuring engineering design, designers employ three types of model: physical, virtual and cognitive. The role and contribution of each is documented in literature albeit fragmented in nature. Consequentially, a gap in understanding exists in terms of how these models and the transitions between them impact the designer and design process. This paper begins to address this through a characterisation of each model class and an appraisal of the transitional pathways including their alignment to seminal design frameworks.

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Kroemeke, Aleksandra, and Zuzanna Kwissa-Gajewska. "The role of temperament in the changes of coping in Type 2 diabetes: direct and indirect relationships." Polish Psychological Bulletin 45, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2014-0029.

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Abstract The paper investigates whether the changes in cognitive appraisal and coping strategies related to initiation of insulin treatment onset mediate the effect of temperament on changes in positivity ratio among diabetic patients. Temperament, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies and positivity ratio (ratio of positive to negative affect) were assessed among 278 patients: just before conversion to insulin therapy and then one month later. Mediation analysis indicated that endurance and briskness were directly connected to changes in positivity ratio, whilst the effect of perseveration on positivity ratio was indirect via changes in negative appraisal, emotion- and problem-focused coping. The results confirm the stressful nature of the initiation of insulin treatment, and the assumptions of Lazarus’ model of stress and regulative role of temperament.

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Bityutskaya, Ekaterina V., and Aleksey A. Korneev. "Subjective Appraisal and Orientations in Difficult Life Situations as Predictors of Coping Strategies." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 14, no. 3 (2021): 180–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0312.

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Background. Many studies have shown that problem-focused coping and a positive reappraisal of one’s situation are the most conducive to achieving life goals and psychological well-being, whereas avoidance coping and self-blame have a negative impact on well-being. But there is not enough data on what the predictors of these coping strategies are in the situational context. Objective. To assess the combined influence of subjective appraisal (uncontrollability, unclearness, negative emotions) and orientations in difficult situations (by drive and rejection) on planful problem solving, positive reappraisal, wishful thinking (fantasizing), and self-blame. Design. The research has a survey design. The sample consisted of 637 adult participants who analyzed difficult situations in their lives associated with achieving significant life goals of various types (N=637; 60% female; Mage=24.2; SD=6.25). Two alternative structural models were assessed, which include subjective appraisals of the situation (uncontrollability, unclearness, intensity of negative emotions), orientations in difficult situations (drive and rejection), and ways of coping (planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, wishful thinking, and self-blame). Results. The first model, in which all cognitive appraisals and orientations in difficult situations directly influence coping strategies, has relatively low fit indices. The second model, in which the influence of cognitive appraisal was partially mediated by orientations in difficult situations, has better fit indices. In life situations involving solution of a difficult task, the strongest predictor of problem-focused coping and positive reappraisal is the “drive” orientation of being attracted to difficulties, which mediates the influence of subjective control and emotions on these ways of coping. An orientation away from difficulties, “rejection,” mediates the influence of unclearness and negative emotions on fantasizing and self-blame. A low level of subjective control directly affects self-blame and the avoidance of problem-solving. Negative emotions are a weak predictor of self-blame. Conclusion. Interaction between the subject and the situation involves appraisal of difficulty, which influences orientation in difficult situations. In turn, orientations are predictors of coping strategies. The characteristics of the psychological situation determine coping, which may be oriented toward approach to or avoidance of the goal.

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Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc, Phong Tuan Nham, and Yoshi Takahashi. "Relationship between Ability-Based Emotional Intelligence, Cognitive Intelligence, and Job Performance." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082299.

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Based on previous findings, which found that the three facets of ability-based emotional intelligence (EI) have varying effects on job performance, this study investigates the relationship between emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence (CI), and job performance. The use of a cascade model suggests a progressive pattern, starting from emotion perception, followed by emotional understanding and emotion regulation, with downstream effects on job performance. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of both measurements, we employed the performance-based ability measurement, the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the self-reporting ability EI measurement, Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). Our findings supported the cascade model, but in the case of WLEIS measures, both self-emotion appraisal and others’ emotion appraisal precede emotion regulation, leading to a positive effect on job performance. Moreover, CI moderated the relationship between EI and job performance, such that a decline in CI rendered the relationship more positive. The MSCEIT and WLEIS showed similar results, thus supporting the cascading model and moderating effects.

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Davidson, Kimberly M. "Testing an Interactionist Theory of Treatment Engagement in a Pennsylvania Prison-Based Therapeutic Community." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 10 (May 26, 2020): 1282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820919782.

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The prison-based Therapeutic Community (TC) is a promising substance use treatment program that emphasizes peer influence. Although program evaluations demonstrate positive results, the cognitive, behavioral, and social processes that define the prison-based TC are largely unknown. The TC model presumes that residents increase their treatment engagement and willingness to change through peer interactions and role modeling, but this process has received virtually no research attention. This study explores these peer-driven mechanisms by examining self, reflected, and peer appraisals of willingness to change of 177 male TC residents, predicting within-person changes in treatment engagement by changes in appraisal measures. Results suggest that self, peer, and reflected appraisals converge over time in treatment. In addition, fixed effects models demonstrate that changes in reflected appraisals are most predictive of changes in treatment engagement. Such results, consistent with symbolic interactionist perspectives, inform prison-based programming and contribute to research on individual-level trajectories of desistance and recovery.

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Bach, Joscha. "A Framework for Emergent Emotions, Based on Motivation and Cognitive Modulators." International Journal of Synthetic Emotions 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jse.2012010104.

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Although traditional appraisal models have been successful tools for describing and formalizing the behavior of emotional agents, they have little to say about the functional realization of affect and emotion within the cognitive processing of these agents. The cognitive architecture MicroPsi addresses emotion and motivation by defining pre-requisites over which affective dynamics and goal-seeking emerge. Here, these pre-requisites are explained in detail, along with a possible approach of using them to model personality traits.

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Sergeant, Joseph A. "Modeling Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Critical Appraisal of the Cognitive-Energetic Model." Biological Psychiatry 57, no. 11 (June 2005): 1248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.010.

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Ahmed, Muhammad Nihad. "Translating Emotions in Dracula's Horror Fiction into Arabic: A Cognitive Appraisal." Journal of the College of languages, no. 47 (January 2, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0001.

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This paper aims to add to the growing body of cognitive translation studies that deal with the translation of emotions and the factors of evaluating the translation process-oriented. Cognitive appraisal is one of the tokens that includes three paradigms of assessing the performance of translation, it can be addressed from the perspective of emotions, intuitions, and individual styles of the SL and the method of transfer into TL. The study hypothesized that translators create a similar emotional charge due to their mental capability to build the same emotional effect in the TL audience. The study also proposed that the applicability of cognitive appraisal is a valuable method of evaluating the translation process, as pertinent to TPR. The study involved two translations for (15) texts including horror situations, and applied three paradigms of cognitive appraisal as a model of analysis, according to the congruence - emotional effects, regulation of emotional - effects, and inference - of emotional effects, to achieve the objective of the research. The study concluded that translators of horror fiction created a sort of emotional effect in TL, but they may vary in the type of strategy adopted to transfer SL into TL.

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Riskind, John H., and Nathan L. Williams. "Cognitive Case Conceptualization and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Implications of the Looming Vulnerability Model." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 13, no. 4 (January 1999): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.4.295.

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This article describes an approach to cognitive case conceptualization and treatment that is based on the “looming vulnerability” model of anxiety. The model assumes that much of what produces anxiety for people in everyday life, as well as in cases of pathological anxiety, is “looming” from their point of reference, or changing dynamically and step-by-step in time to become increasingly risky. That is, they have a “sense of looming vulnerability” to threat—perceptions of threat as moving toward an endpoint or rapidly rising in risk. Anxious individuals manifest biases in their primary cognitive appraisals (a painful sense that perceived threats are rapidly approaching, changing, or escalating in risk), and in consequence, feel “pressed” to urgently cope with or neutralize the looming threat. The net result of their sense of urgency is that they often select maladaptive, rigid coping strategies (e.g., avoidance and escape) and underestimate their personal efficacy to effectively deal with the oncoming dynamic threats (i.e., biased secondary appraisal). We suggest that anxiety is often based on dynamic, story-like scripts, called progressive threat scripts. The present article identifies several ways that cognitive therapists can conceptualize, identify, and modify features of patients’ mental simulations of present or developing threat (i.e., distance, motion, speed, and perspective). The article also addresses several features of anxious patients’ response to threat that are relevant to cognitive case conceptualization and treatment (i.e., generating alternative simulations, time structuring, proactive coping, and the enhancement of dynamic personal efficacy for dealing with rapidly rising risk).

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BIRCHWOOD, MAX, PAUL GILBERT, JEAN GILBERT, PETER TROWER, ALAN MEADEN, JUSTIN HAY, ELEANOR MURRAY, and JEREMY N. V. MILES. "Interpersonal and role-related schema influence the relationship with the dominant ‘voice’ in schizophrenia: a comparison of three models." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 8 (November 2004): 1571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002636.

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Background. Auditory hallucinations in psychosis often contain critical evaluations of the voice-hearer (for example, attacks on self-worth). A voice-hearer's experience with their dominant voice is a mirror of their social relationships in general, with experiences of feeling low in rank to both voices and others being associated with depression. However, the direction of the relationship between psychosis, depression and feeling subordinate is unclear.Method. Covariance structural equation modelling was used with data from 125 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia to compare three ‘causal’ models: (1) that depression leads to the appraisal of low social rank, voice power and distress; (2) that psychotic illness leads to voice activity (frequency, audibility), which in turn leads to depression and the appraisal of voices' power; (3) our hypothesized model, that perceptions of social rank and social power lead to the appraisal of voice power, distress and depression.Results. Findings supported model 3, suggesting that the appraisal of social power and rank are primary organizing schema underlying the appraisal of voice power, and the distress of voices.Conclusions. Voices can be seen to operate like external social relationships. Voice content and experience can mirror a person's social sense of being powerless and controlled by others. These findings suggest important new targets for intervention with cognitive and social therapy.

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Jain, Shikha, and Krishna Asawa. "EMIA: Emotion Model for Intelligent Agent." Journal of Intelligent Systems 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2014-0071.

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AbstractEmotions play a significant role in human cognitive processes such as attention, motivation, learning, memory, and decision making. Many researchers have worked in the field of incorporating emotions in a cognitive agent. However, each model has its own merits and demerits. Moreover, most studies on emotion focus on steady-state emotions than emotion switching. Thus, in this article, a domain-independent computational model of emotions for intelligent agent is proposed that have modules for emotion elicitation, emotion regulation, and emotion transition. The model is built on some well-known psychological theories such as appraisal theories of emotions, emotion regulation theory, and multistore human memory model. The design of the model is using the concept of fuzzy logic to handle uncertain and subjective information. The main focus is on primary emotions as suggested by Ekman; however, simultaneous elicitation of multiple emotions (called secondary emotion) is also supported by the model.

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Baez, Shelby E., Johanna M. Hoch, and Marc Cormier. "The Stress and Injury Model and Cognitive Appraisal Model: Implications for Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Athletic Training & Sports Health Care 12, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20190924-02.

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Jannat, Taslima, Nor Asiah Omar, and Syed Shah Alam. "Examining the Role of Deception on Employees’ Threat Appraisal Process, Coping Appraisal Process and Unethical Behavior in Organization." ETIKONOMI 20, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15433.

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The purpose of this study is to examine whether deception influences unethical behavior, employee perceptions of threat, and their coping appraisal processes. It also examines the role of deception in influencing employees' threat appraisal and coping appraisal processing. Using the structural equation model (PLS-SEM), this study reveals a strong relationship between deception, unethical behavior, employees' perceived threat appraisal process, and the coping appraisal process. The empirical findings suggest that deception is a common practice in organizations and significantly influences unethical behavior. This study also finds that deception plays a crucial role in reducing employees' perceptions of threat regarding negative outcomes for engaging in unethical behavior while significantly influencing employees' perceived coping appraisal process, which suggests that deceptive behavior can protect them from the threat of detection their unethical behavior. The findings provide new insights into the relationship among deception, employees' perceived threat appraisal process, coping appraisal process, and unethical behavior and paves the way for further research in this area.JEL Classification: L3, M1, M10, M14, M48How to Cite:Jannat, T., Omar, N. A., & Alam, S. H. (2021). Is Deception an Antecedent for Employees’ Cognitive Appraisal Proceses and Unethical Behavior?. Etikonomi, 20(1), 153 – 168. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15433.

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Skinner, Natalie, and Neil Brewer. "Adaptive Approaches to Competition: Challenge Appraisals and Positive Emotion." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26, no. 2 (June 2004): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.26.2.283.

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The influence of negative emotions such as anxiety on athletes’ preparation and performance has been studied extensively. The focus of this review is on more adaptive approaches to competition such as the experience of positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. Evidence on the antecedents and adaptive consequences of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications for research and practice in a sport context are suggested. We focus on the cognitive appraisal of challenge as a significant antecedent of both positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. A theoretical model of beneficial and harmful perceptions of emotion is presented which incorporates appraisals of challenge, coping expectancies, and valence (positive vs. negative) of emotion. Research that supports the model is reviewed, and implications for research, coaching, and training in the sport context are suggested.

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Brosch, Tobias, and David Sander. "Comment: The Appraising Brain: Towards a Neuro-Cognitive Model of Appraisal Processes in Emotion." Emotion Review 5, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912468298.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive appraisal model'

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