Academic literature on the topic 'Cognitive appraisal model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cognitive appraisal model"
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Berjot, S., C. Roland-Levy, and N. Girault-Lidvan. "Cognitive Appraisals of Stereotype Threat." Psychological Reports 108, no. 2 (April 2011): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/04.07.21.pr0.108.2.585-598.
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Using the cognitive appraisal conceptualisation of the transactional model of stress, the goal was to assess how victims of stereotype threat respond to this situation in terms of primary appraisals (threat/challenge) and to investigate whether those appraisals may mediate the relation between stereotype threat and performance. Results show that, while participants from North Africa living in France did appraise the situation more as a threat and less as a challenge, only challenge appraisal mediated between stereotype threat and performance.
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Daly, Joanne M., Britton W. Brewer, Judy L. Van Raalte, Albert J. Petitpas, and Joseph H. Sklar. "Cognitive Appraisal, Emotional Adjustment, and Adherence to Rehabilitation Following Knee Surgery." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 4, no. 1 (February 1995): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.4.1.23.
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Cognitive appraisal models of adjustment to sport injury hold that cognitive appraisals of the injury determine emotional responses to the injury, which in turn influence behavioral responses (e.g., adherence to rehabilitation). To test this model, recreational and competitive athletes undergoing rehabilitation following knee surgery (N = 31) appraised their ability to cope with their injury and completed a measure of mood disturbance. Adherence to rehabilitation was measured in terms of attendance at rehabilitation sessions and physical therapist/athletic trainer ratings of patient behavior during rehabilitation sessions. As predicted, cognitive appraisal was associated with emotional disturbance. Emotional disturbance was inversely related to one measure of adherence (attendance) but was unrelated to the other measure of adherence (physical therapist/athletic trainer ratings). The results of this study provide support for cognitive appraisal models and suggest that emotional disturbance may be a marker for poor adherence to sport injury rehabilitation regimens.
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Levo, Lynn M., and Donald Biggs. "Cognitive Factors in Effectively Coping with Home/Career Stress." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.3.1.53.
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Many women who choose to combine family and career often report stress related to professional, parental, and marital obligations and expectations. Surprisingly, little research has examined the adequacy of women’s efforts to cope with this stress. In particular, research is needed to identify the critical cognitive variables that can influence women’s inferences about home/career stress and their choice of coping strategies. Such data would be useful for targeting the cognitive change mechanisms in any cognitive-based treatment interventions for this population. The present study compared two models for describing critical cognitive factors that influence women’s choices of effective coping strategies for dealing with home/career stress. In the first model, two cognitive characteristics of a woman, her sex-role beliefs and her conceptual level, are viewed as the major causal factors that influence her choice of effective coping strategies. In the second model, a woman’s sex-role beliefs and her conceptual level are assumed to influence her cognitive appraisal of her level of stress and/or her appraisal of her resources for coping with stress, and these appraisals subsequently influence the woman’s choice of effective coping strategies. The findings from this study provide some support for a cognitive mediated model of home/career stress-coping. In this model, a woman’s sex-role beliefs and her conceptual level influence her cognitive appraisal of her resources for coping with the stressful demands, and this appraisal then influences her level of effectiveness in coping with the situation. In particular, a woman’s sex-role beliefs and her cognitive appraisal of her resources for coping with stressful home/career demands appear to be significant cognitive variables that influence her level of effective coping. Androgynous women tend to report more confidence in their ability to cope with stressful home/career demands than do feminine women, and women who appraise themselves as having more resources to cope with stressful home/career demands tend to select more effective coping strategies.
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Mantz, Sharlene C., and Maree J. Abbott. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Paediatric and Adult Samples: Nature, Treatment and Cognitive Processes. A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature." Behaviour Change 34, no. 1 (April 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2017.6.
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The appraisal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggests that six key appraisal domains contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of OCD symptoms. An accumulating body of evidence supports this notion and suggests that modifying cognitive appraisals may be beneficial in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. This literature review first summarises the nature of OCD and its treatment, followed by a summary of the existing correlational and experimental research on the role of cognitive appraisal processes in OCD across both adult and paediatric samples. While correlational data provide some support for the relationship between cognitive appraisal domains and OCD symptoms, results are inconclusive, and experimental methods are warranted to determine the precise causal relationship between specific cognitive appraisal domains and OCD symptoms.
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Hudek-Knežević, Jasna, and Igor Kardum. "The Effects of Dispositional and Situational Coping, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisal on Immediate Outcome." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 16, no. 3 (September 2000): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.190.
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Summary: The effects of coping styles and strategies, perceived social support, and primary and secondary cognitive appraisal on immediate outcome were examined in this study. Two theoretical models were tested via linear structural equation modelling (LISREL VI) on a sample of 116 women. The first model was derived from the structural approach to stress and coping, while the second was based primarily on a theoretical position of the transactional approach to stress and coping process. Both models were tested twice, by taking into account appraisal of threat and appraisal of controllability. The results indicate the importance of cognitive appraisals and their effects on adaptational outcomes, situational coping efforts as well as their mediating role between some coping resources and adaptational outcomes. The main differences obtained in the models tested account for the type of cognitive appraisal included in the analyses. The appraisal of threat proved to be a more central component of stressful experience than appraisal of controllability. The results also show that dispositional as well as situational coping strategies exert relatively weak effects on immediate outcome.
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Vallerand, Robert J. "Antecedents of Self-Related Affects in Sport: Preliminary Evidence on the Intuitive-Reflective Appraisal Model." Journal of Sport Psychology 9, no. 2 (March 1987): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.9.2.161.
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In line with various cognitive theories of emotion, Vallerand (1983, 1984) has proposed an intuitive-reflective appraisal model for self-related affects in achievement situations. A fundamental postulate of the model states that it is the cognitive evaluation of events and not events per se that produces emotions. Such cognitive evaluation can be seen as intuitive (almost automatic) and reflective (deliberate) in nature. Whereas the intuitive appraisal is akin to one's almost automatic subjective assessment of performance, the reflective appraisal is hypothesized to include several forms: (a) intellectualization, (b) comparison (self, outcome, and social) processes, (c) mastery-related cognitions, (d) information processing functions, and (e) causal attributions. Two studies tested some of the model's postulates in field (Study 1) and laboratory (Study 2) settings. Results showed support for some of the model's postulates in that both the intuitive and reflective attributional appraisals were found to have important effects on self- and general-type affects. In addition, perceptions of success/failure (the intuitive appraisal of performance) had more potent effects on affects than did objective success/failure. On the other hand, the intellectualization reflective appraisal (task importance) did not have appreciable effects on affects. Results are discussed in light of the intuitive-reflective appraisal model, and implications for future studies on emotion in sport are underscored.
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Nurius, Paula S., Jeanette Norris, Diane S. Young, Thomas L. Graham, and Jan Gaylord. "Interpreting and Defensively Responding to Threat: Examining Appraisals and Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression." Violence and Victims 15, no. 2 (January 2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.187.
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Resistance and prevention programming aimed at strengthening women’s ability to protect themselves against acquaintance sexual aggression has lacked attention to the cognitive and emotional processes women engage in when encountering such threats. Building upon current theory related to cognitive appraisal and coping processes, this study applies a theoretical model of how women evaluate and respond to sexual aggression by male acquaintances. Two hundred and two college women who had been sexually victimized by male acquaintances responded to a questionnaire that assessed their cognitive appraisals of and emotional and behavioral responses to the incident, in addition to aggression characteristics. Path analytic regression analyses examined theorized relationships among primary and secondary appraisal and emotional response variables in addition to their collective prediction of behavioral responding. The hypothesized model accounted for significant variance in behavioral responding and indicated different patterns of appraisals, emotions, and aggression characteristics predicting women’s assertive and diplomatic behavioral responses to their assaults. These findings are consistent with research and theory related to individuals’ appraisal of and coping with threatening events. Theoretical and intervention implications for resistance and prevention efforts are discussed.
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Castellanos, Sergio, and Luis-Felipe Rodríguez. "A Flexible Scheme to Model the Cognitive Influence on Emotions in Autonomous Agents." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 12, no. 4 (October 2018): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2018100105.
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Autonomous agents (AAs) are designed to embody the natural intelligence by incorporating cognitive mechanisms that are applied to evaluate stimuli from an emotional perspective. Computational models of emotions (CMEs) implement mechanisms of human information processing in order to provide AAs for a capability to assign emotional values to perceived stimuli and implement emotion-driven behaviors. However, a major challenge in the design of CMEs is how cognitive information is projected from the architecture of AAs. This article presents a cognitive model for CMEs based on appraisal theory aimed at modeling AAs' interactions between cognitive and affective processes. The proposed scheme explains the influence of AAs' cognition on emotions by fuzzy membership functions associated to appraisal dimensions. The computational simulation is designed in the context of an integrative framework to facilitate the development of CMEs, which are capable of interacting with cognitive components of AAs. This article presents a case study and experiment that demonstrate the functionality of the proposed models.
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Broekens, Joost, Doug DeGroot, and Walter A. Kosters. "Formal models of appraisal: Theory, specification, and computational model." Cognitive Systems Research 9, no. 3 (June 2008): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2007.06.007.
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Thibault-Landry, Anaïs, Richard Egan, Laurence Crevier-Braud, Lara Manganelli, and Jacques Forest. "An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory." Advances in Developing Human Resources 20, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422318756636.
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The Problem Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined. The Solution We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion. The Stakeholders Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cognitive appraisal model"
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McPherson, Terry Lee. "Competitive fencers' affect, the intuitive-reflective appraisal model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ36722.pdf.
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Regan, Martin F. "Endogenous event-related potentials : cognitive appraisal and the 'preparedness' model of phobias." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335438.
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Newness, Kerry A. "Stress and Coping Style: An Extension to the Transactional Cognitive-Appraisal Model." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/346.
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The purpose of the current research was to integrate multiple theories of stress appraisals and to empirically test two separate transactional cognitive-appraisal models. It was predicted that the core self-evaluation personality characteristics and motivation orientation would moderate the relationship between challenge and hindrance stressors and coping style. Furthermore, it was predicted that coping would buffer the adverse effects of stress on domain performance and satisfaction. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the predicted moderators. Results suggest that core self-evaluations moderate the relationship between challenge stress and problem-focused coping as predicted in the challenge model but not for the hindrance stress model. Coping style did not significantly buffer the negative effects of stress on performance or satisfaction. Overall, the results provide partial support for the challenge-hindrance framework within the transactional appraisal model of stress.
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Murmann, Anja Carina [Verfasser]. "An Appraisal Model of Criminal Decision Making : How Person Factors Affect Decisions through Cognitive Appraisals / Anja Carina Murmann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229989072/34.
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Alkan, Nese. "Cognitive Appraisals, Emotion, And Coping: A Structural Equation Analysis Of The Interactional Model Of Stress And Coping." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12604692/index.pdf.
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This study aimed to examine the role of secondary appraisal of the
event, cognitive appraisal of the situation, emotions experienced and coping
styles used after a real life stressful event that university students experienced.
Five hundred and sixty students (271 females and 289 males) from Middle East
Technical University voluntarily participated in the study. A pilot study which
consisted of two stages, interviews and survey was conducted before the main
study in order to test the appropriateness and applicability of the appraisal and
emotion measures. Cognitive Appraisal of the Situation Scale (CASS),
Emotions Checklist, Cognitive Appraisal of the Emotion Scale (CAES) and
Coping Styles Scale (CSS) were used to assess cognitive appraisals, emotions
and coping styles. Stress level, harm/loss and threat appraisals of the stressful
events, cognitive appraisal of situation, emotions experienced by the
individuals after the stressful event, cognitive appraisal of the emotions and
coping strategies used by the participants were the variables used in the
structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the analysis revealed that,
problem focused coping was predicted by positive emotions and cognitive
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appraisal of emotion. Emotion focused coping was predicted by negative
emotions, stress level and secondary appraisal. The results also yielded that
cognitive appraisal of emotion was a moderator variable between positive
emotions and problem focused coping. Findings of the research were discussed
in the framework of Cognitive Theory of Emotions and Interactional Model of
Stress and Coping.
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Kashefi, Armin. "Investigating the link between users' IT adaptation behaviours and individual-level IT use outcomes using the coping model of user adaptation : a case study of a work system computerisation project." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9523.
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The benefits of new IT-induced organisational changes, such as new organisational information systems (IS), depend on the degree that system users adapt by proactively changing themselves, their work routines, and even the technology itself in order to reap its strategic capabilities and advantages. However, researchers are increasingly concerned that IS research has provided very little indication about how IS users’ IT adaptive strategies are formed and evolved over time and how such adaptive behaviours employed by IS users influence subsequent IT use and individual-level performance outcomes. This thesis investigates in-depth the evolution of IT adaptation behaviours towards disruptive IT events in the case study of a Medical Clinic attached to one of Iran’s elite Oil and Gas industry companies. The case study investigated the individual coping behaviours of the employees of this Medical Centre as a consequence of the introduction of a mandatory Work System Computerisation (WSC) initiative. Work System Computerisation project refers to both the replacement of manual work processes with computers as well as modernisation of the existing out-dated computerised work systems in the medical centre under investigation. According to the case study, each of the seven sub-units of the Medical Centre implemented a different WSC scheme and the consequences of the introduction of the scheme resulted in differing outcomes among the employees of those sub-units, such outcomes being related to a complex interplay of the individuals’ coping behaviours, appraisals and emotional responses and the environment. The term ‘Disruptive IT event’ in this study refers to any enhanced or completely new information technology in different units within the medical centre (i.e. Work System Computerisation schemes) that replaced and disrupted existing work processes/practices and had resulted in disruptive and unpredictable changes to users’ daily routines. The theoretical lens used in this study is the Coping Model of User Adaptation (CMUA) elaborated by Coping Theory, which also underpins the model. CMUA provides a useful theoretical basis for deeper understanding of users’ adaptive responses to a new work information system (IS) as well as direct analysis of the impact of such adaptive responses on system usage. The other theoretical concept used, which addresses issues not readily covered by the CMUA, was a typology of adaptive behaviours from Roth and Cohen (1986): avoidance vs. approach. This allows for further clarification of how different types of individual-level adaptation acts evolve over time and affect individual-level IT use outcomes. Furthermore, how these various adaptive acts enhance or hinder the extent to which the new IT is used can also be explained. The research questions guiding this thesis are as follows: (1) How do IS users’ adaptation tactics and strategies evolve over time when dealing with a disruptive IT event? (2) How do alterations in users’ coping strategies subsequently influence their IT use outcomes and overall performance? The study’s methodological approaches and underlying philosophical assumptions followed an interpretive research approach. A broadly interpretive approach was adopted in this study with the aim of understanding the complexity of human sense making and their IT adaptation behaviours as the situation emerges. The research was carried out in one state of Iran, Mashhad, and took place during the period of 2011-2012. The findings of this thesis have both theoretical and managerial implications. From a theoretical perspective, this study expands on the work of Beaudry and Pinsonneault (2005) who suggested that the process of user adaptation could be understood in light of coping theory. The results of this study and the additional identified perspectives and enhancements which are represented in the following ways could help to advance the field of user IT adaptation behaviours in IS research. This study contributes to the existing IT adaptation literature by providing rich insights into the phenomenon of user IT adaptation behaviours within the context of Iran. Adopting an interpretive approach through a longitudinal process-oriented perspective has provided a greater understanding of the patterns of user adaptation to IS, users’ psychological constructs, initial patterns of their coping strategies, the alterations in such coping efforts over time, and the consequences of these evolutions on IT use outcomes in different divisions within a healthcare environment. The appraisal of ‘challenge’ is an influential contributor to the users’ subsequent adaptation process that CMUA is mute about it. The findings indicate that since the challenge appraisal represents a ‘positive stress’, some levels of challenge are useful to mobilise IS users towards IT adoption and use. The correlated concerns identified in the research (i.e. a web of complex personal, social and technical concerns) play a vital role on users’ adaptation processes following the IT implementation and over time. This highlights the importance of feedback loop in the adaptation process (which represents users’ revaluation process), and how the direct and indirect impacts of such interventions affect users’ reassessments of the IT event and their subsequent efforts and outcomes. The concept of emotion that is missing from CMUA is influential especially where non-IT savvy users’ behaviours toward significant IT events may be influenced by extreme emotions. Outcomes of this study highlight the theoretical importance of preserving the distinction between approach-, and avoidance-oriented emotion-focused behaviours in exploring how emotion-focused behaviours may influence behavioural outcomes such as system usage. The consideration of parallel processes for users’ IS appraisal is another area of theoretical expansion. The findings also suggest implications for practice as well as directions for future research. Understanding how employees’ IS appraisals considerably affect coping efforts and ultimately their technology performance outcome is critical for successful IT implementations and use in work settings. The results could assist decision makers in assessing user adaptation concerns and the intensity of such apprehensions at each phase of the change process and hence address them more effectively.
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Ghanam, Boushra. "Toward an integrated process model of consumer grudgeholding : does gender make any difference?" Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14502.
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As consumers or customers, when we go into a shop and buy a product or, these days, when we buy something online, we expect not only the product itself to be fit for purpose but we also expect that we, the customers, get good customer service. If we get good or excellent customer service, we leave the shop feeling satisfied and positive in some way. How do shops, online or otherwise, or any other organisations, such as banks, hospitals or universities help to ensure that their employees deliver the appropriate customer service? It is still the main challenge. Thus, there are instances when a customer does not get the service that they deserve, or believe that they deserve. A happy, satisfied customer may perhaps tell others and thus encourage others to buy or go to that particular shop or organisation thus benefiting the business (new customers, who will spend money). However, there is evidence that an angry, upset dissatisfied customer will almost certainly tell five, or perhaps more, people of their bad experience. This is, clearly, bad for the business in question. No wonder, then, that businesses want, and need, to ensure that they have happy, satisfied customers and not dissatisfied or grudgeholders. Given the importance of customer satisfaction to businesses/organisations, the literature in this area demonstrates that there is still much to further understand about not only customer satisfaction but, importantly, customer dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction can be short and easily forgotten and it might be argued that this might not negatively affect a business/organisation too much in terms of future business. However, if a customer experiences or believes that they have suffered a great deal of negative emotions such as anger, fear, disappointment, betrayal and/or disgust, as well as perhaps telling many people, potential future customers about their bad experience they may well, also, take more direct action in the form of either making a formal complaint to the business/organisation, or perhaps retaliating in some way either immediately or at the nearest opportunity. Such a customer may hold a grudge against the business/organisation which is not only bad for the customer for their mental health (holding a grudge is negative) but is also bad for the business/organisation, too. Unfortunately, despite vital advances in dissatisfaction and complaining behaviour research, the psychological cognitive-emotive process underlying consumers’ coping behaviour have been neglected in the literature, as major work on this issue did not take into account the different negative emotions responsible for grudge and their impact on the grudgeholding coping responses. Dealing with those customers who are more than dissatisfied is time consuming for a business/organisation. Time is money. It is therefore important that, if businesses/organisations are to better understand their customers’ feeling and thinking to be able to predict their behaviours in order to make them happy returners instead of angry revengers. Therefore, it is essential to understand the experiences of grudgeholding customers through a process model and to look closely at issues related to grudgeholding, including the wide range of retaliatory behaviours. These might well vary according to factors such as the cost of the product (dissatisfaction might be greater for a goods or service costing a lot of money compared to something costing very little) but it may also vary according to individual characteristics of the customers themselves. Gender also plays its part, perhaps, that is, men and women may possibly think, feel and behave differently when it comes to holding grudge or retaliating as always controversial disputes exist in terms of gender differences. For example, females complain and spread the word more aligning with their communal stereotypical nature, and males like bargains and shop to win according to their agentic stereotypical nature. There is a need to further explore the consumer grudgeholding behaviour and why emotion is an important factor when talking about grudgeholding, the behaviours undertaken by those who hold a grudge and the impact of grudges on businesses/organisations if businesses/organisations are to better deal with their customers. Therefore, a cognitive-emotive process model is developed based mainly on cognitive appraisal theory to better understand consumers grudgeholding through deeper insight on their cognitions and emotions. The model is designed due to the lack of attention to the role of emotion in the dissatisfying marketplace experience. The model presents cognitive appraisal as the key element in the evaluation of grudgeholding consumer stress and aggression. Stressful appraisal outcomes are posited to elicit emotive reactions that, in combination with cognitive appraisal, impact the type of coping strategy used by the grudgeholder. Two coping strategies (problem focused and emotion focused) are recognized and discussed. Key propositions are presented to answer some questions about consumer grudgeholding behaviours such as (causes of grudge, product or service involved, the cost, the emotions generated, the coping behaviours like complaining and word-of-mouth, the corrective actions, the current emotions, the purchase intentions and future behaviours). To achieve the aims of this study, the research described in this thesis adopts the positivist research, quantitative research approach. According to the exploratory nature of this research, self-administered questionnaires are used for data generation. Closed and open-ended questions (specifically propping questions) were both used in the research as a way of motivating the respondent’s memory to retrieve a previous experience and recall actions and behaviours. Using both closed and open-ended questions provides the research with expected and unexpected answers. The research used non-probability sampling; namely, convenience sampling consisted of 786 responses to undergraduates and postgraduates British students whose age groups range from 18 to 39.The survey data were subsequently edited, coded and entered in SPSS 20 for analysis. The ultimate contribution of this study stems from explaining the consumer grudgeholding phenomenon by designing a cognitive-emotive process model that takes the role of consumer’s emotion into account. The findings revealed that emotion made a critical difference, especially anger. Gender gap was relatively small between the young British males and females. Angry females shared their negative experiences with others more than angry males. Besides, females shop to love and males shop to win.
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Jesse, Edel. "Student Attitudes Toward Use of Massive Open Online Courses." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1573740761560753.
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Abdullatif, Qutayba. "Effects of trait anxiety and cognitive appraisals on emotional reactions to psychological and physical stressors." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002144.
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Johns, Lance. "The Development of a Comprehensive Model of Social Anxiety and Anticipatory Social Appraisals." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/515.
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In anticipation of a future social interaction, socially anxious individuals (SAIs) may imagine themselves appearing stupid or foolish and predict and exaggerate the probability and costs of conveying these undesirable social images both on oneself (e.g., “I will feel stupid”) and on others impressions of oneself (e.g., “Others will think I’m stupid”). However, there is a paucity of research examining the latter bias; moreover, research regarding SAIs estimates of the probability and costs of conveying a positive impression (e.g., “I will feel smart”) has typically been neglected. Thus, the a novel questionnaire was created in order to develop a more comprehensive model of SAIs estimates of probability and costs. We expected that positive and negative, self- and other-related judgments will represent four distinct, latent constructs that will be related to trait social anxiety indirectly through fears of positive and negative evaluation per the evolutionary model of social anxiety. Structural equation modeling was used to test study hypotheses. The final sample included four hounded and seventy-four college students (307 males and 167 females). Results generally supported study hypotheses. After minor theoretically justified modifications, the hypothesized model provided good fit to the data, χ2(94) = 151.78, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA = .04. All social appraisals (or judgments) with the exception of other-negative appraisals were indirectly related to social anxiety through fears of positive and negative evaluation. Contrary to expectations, other-positive appraisals were negatively related to fear of negative evaluation and other-negative appraisals were uncorrelated with fear of positive evaluation, providing partial incremental validity of the novel questionnaire used in this study. Results provide preliminary evidence that suggests future research should extend evaluation of SAIs anticipatory social appraisals beyond negative, self-related social impact. Implications, limitations, and future directions of the research are be discussed.
Books on the topic "Cognitive appraisal model"
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Farb, Norman A. S., and Kyle Logie. Interoceptive appraisal and mental health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0012.
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Interoception is the process of sensing the body’s internal state. An emerging neurobiological model supports the idea that subjective well-being is influenced by how physiological changes are detected and appraised. Contemplative interventions such as mindfulness training, which appear efficacious in reducing emotional distress, may operate by promoting curiosity and flexibility in this appraisal process. This chapter reviews evidence about the relationship between interceptive appraisal and mental health, including an account of how contemplative training modulates interoceptive networks to alter interoceptive appraisal tendencies. New measures are needed to distinguish the effects of appraisal tendencies from more implicit effects of physiological change. To support this endeavour, pilot data is introduced from a novel, respiration-focused task that experimentally manipulates interoceptive awareness, and by extension the need for interoceptive appraisal, within a given level of physiological arousal. Potential applications of this task for exploring the influence of interoceptive appraisal on affect, cognition, and behavior are discussed.
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Papanicolaou, Andrew C., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Functional Brain Imaging in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.001.0001.
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A large part of the contemporary literature involves functional neuroimaging. Yet few readers are sufficiently familiar with the various imaging methods, their capabilities and limitations, to appraise it correctly. To fulfill that need is the purpose of this Handbook, which consists of an accessible description of the methods and their clinical and research applications. The Handbook begins with an overview of basic concepts of functional brain imaging, magnetoencephalography and the use of magnetic source imaging (MSI), positron emission tomography (PET), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The authors then discuss the various research applications of imaging, such as white matter connectivity; the function of the default mode network; the possibility and the utility of imaging of consciousness; the search for mnemonic traces of concepts the mechanisms of the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories; executive functions and their neuroanatomical mechanisms; voluntary actions, human will and decision-making; motor cognition; language and the mechanisms of affective states and pain. The final chapter discusses the uses of functional neuroimaging in the presurgical mapping of the brain.
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Finn, Anne, Emma King, and Susie Wilkinson. The implementation of advanced communication skills training for senior healthcare professionals in Northern Ireland. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0025.
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This chapter describes the key challenges and rewards of the implementation and delivery of a programme of advanced communication skills training (ACST) for senior healthcare professionals working in cancer and palliative care in Northern Ireland (NI). It enables participants to reflect and critically appraise their own and others communication skills and to demonstrate the skills required to facilitate a structured patient-centred assessment/consultation using specific strategies to handle complex communication scenarios. Participants should also be able to tailor complex information to meet the needs of patients and carers. The course is based on an experiential, learner-centred approach, which is known to enhance effective person-centred communication and includes cognitive, behavioural, and affective components. A 2014 analysis of the programme recommends the two-day as opposed to the three-day model for ACST, as no disadvantages have been identified and this programme is better meeting the needs of the participants.
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Berliner, Todd. Hollywood Aesthetic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658748.001.0001.
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Hollywood makes the most widely successful pleasure-giving artworks the world has ever known. The American film industry operates under the assumption that pleasurable aesthetic experiences, among large populations, translate into box office success. More than any other historical mode of art, Hollywood has systematized the delivery of aesthetic pleasure, packaging and selling it on a mass scale. If the Hollywood film industry succeeds in delivering aesthetic pleasure both routinely and, at times, in an outstanding way, then we should ultimately regard Hollywood cinema as an artistic achievement, not merely a commercial success. Hollywood Aesthetic accounts for the chief attraction of Hollywood cinema worldwide: its entertainment value. The book addresses four fundamental components of Hollywood’s aesthetic design: narrative, style, ideology, and genre. Grounded in film history and in the psychological and philosophical literature in aesthetics, the book explains: (1) the intrinsic properties characteristic of Hollywood cinema that induce aesthetic pleasure; (2) the cognitive and affective processes, sparked by Hollywood movies, that become engaged during aesthetic pleasure; and (3) the exhilarated aesthetic experiences afforded by an array of persistently entertaining Hollywood movies. Offering a comprehensive appraisal of the capacity of Hollywood cinema to provide aesthetic pleasure, the book sets out to explain how Hollywood creates, for masses of people, some of their most exhilarating experiences of art.
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Brunner, Ronald D., and Amanda H. Lynch. Adaptive Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.601.
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Adaptive governance is defined by a focus on decentralized decision-making structures and procedurally rational policy, supported by intensive natural and social science. Decentralized decision-making structures allow a large, complex problem like global climate change to be factored into many smaller problems, each more tractable for policy and scientific purposes. Many smaller problems can be addressed separately and concurrently by smaller communities. Procedurally rational policy in each community is an adaptation to profound uncertainties, inherent in complex systems and cognitive constraints, that limit predictability. Hence planning to meet projected targets and timetables is secondary to continuing appraisal of incremental steps toward long-term goals: What has and hasn’t worked compared to a historical baseline, and why? Each step in such trial-and-error processes depends on politics to balance, if not integrate, the interests of multiple participants to advance their common interest—the point of governance in a free society. Intensive science recognizes that each community is unique because the interests, interactions, and environmental responses of its participants are multiple and coevolve. Hence, inquiry focuses on case studies of particular contexts considered comprehensively and in some detail.Varieties of adaptive governance emerged in response to the limitations of scientific management, the dominant pattern of governance in the 20th century. In scientific management, central authorities sought technically rational policies supported by predictive science to rise above politics and thereby realize policy goals more efficiently from the top down. This approach was manifest in the framing of climate change as an “irreducibly global” problem in the years around 1990. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established to assess science for the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The parties negotiated the Kyoto Protocol that attempted to prescribe legally binding targets and timetables for national reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. But progress under the protocol fell far short of realizing the ultimate objective in Article 1 of the UNFCCC, “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system.” As concentrations continued to increase, the COP recognized the limitations of this approach in Copenhagen in 2009 and authorized nationally determined contributions to greenhouse gas reductions in the Paris Agreement in 2015.Adaptive governance is a promising but underutilized approach to advancing common interests in response to climate impacts. The interests affected by climate, and their relative priorities, differ from one community to the next, but typically they include protecting life and limb, property and prosperity, other human artifacts, and ecosystem services, while minimizing costs. Adaptive governance is promising because some communities have made significant progress in reducing their losses and vulnerability to climate impacts in the course of advancing their common interests. In doing so, they provide field-tested models for similar communities to consider. Policies that have worked anywhere in a network tend to be diffused for possible adaptation elsewhere in that network. Policies that have worked consistently intensify and justify collective action from the bottom up to reallocate supporting resources from the top down. Researchers can help realize the potential of adaptive governance on larger scales by recognizing it as a complementary approach in climate policy—not a substitute for scientific management, the historical baseline.
Book chapters on the topic "Cognitive appraisal model"
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de Rosis†, Fiorella, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Peter Goldie, and Valeria Carofiglio. "Cognitive Evaluations and Intuitive Appraisals: Can Emotion Models Handle Them Both?" In Cognitive Technologies, 459–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15184-2_24.
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"A cognitive model of the appraisal process." In A Cognitive Approach to Performance Appraisal, 35–57. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203360026-9.
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Zigarmi, Drea, Kim Nimon, Taylor Peyton, and Brad Shuck. "A Model for the Formation of Employee Work Passion." In Passion for Work, 105–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648626.003.0004.
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There are four primary purposes of this chapter. First, the chapter presents a social cognitive model for the formulation of work passion, an operational definition, and its key components. Second, the chapter places the employee work passion appraisal (EWPA) model into perspective using the literature on work passion. Third, the chapter reviews the empirical research studies completed on the EWPA model since its inception. Fourth, the chapter suggests future directions for the research and application of the model. Using social cognitive appraisal theory as its origins, the EWPA model, composed of the components of cognition, affect, a sense of job well-being, and work intentions, will be defined and explored.
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Rodríguez, Sigerist J., Pilar Herrero, and Olinto J. Rodríguez. "A Cognitive Appraisal Based Approach for Emotional Representation." In Handbook of Research on Synthetic Emotions and Sociable Robotics, 228–46. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-354-8.ch013.
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Today, realism and coherence are highly searched qualities in agent’s behavior; but these qualities cannot be achieved completely without incorporation of emotions. This chapter shows a model for emotional representations in intelligent agents. The model is based on the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions; this theory affirms that stimuli are processed by a cognitive mechanism that determines what emotion to feel. It is also based on the Aaron Sloman’s research where positively and negatively affective states are exposed, as well as, on the theory of basic emotions. The model tries to define an emotional representation data structure for intelligent agents. It also defines the emotional behavior mechanisms when a stimulus is processed, as well as, emotional interaction mechanisms. This chapter is presented in five sections: Introduction, where the topic is presented. State-of-the-Art, where it is introduced a review of emotional studies in psychological areas, as well as, computing areas. The Model Definition section, where a detailed model structure and mechanism are introduced. A fourth section describing the future trends and researches and finally the chapter conclusions.
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Smith, Ryan. "The Three-Process Model of Implicit and Explicit Emotion." In Neuroscience of Enduring Change, 25–55. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881511.003.0003.
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The integrated memory model (IMM) proposed that the change process in psychotherapy involves the joint activation and reconsolidation of episodic memory, semantic memory, and emotional responses. The IMM did not thoroughly elaborate on what was meant by “emotional responses,” but a key concept was the distinction between implicit and explicit emotion. This chapter reviews the three-process model (TPM) of implicit and explicit emotion and its implications for extending the IMM. The TPM provides a detailed characterization (at cognitive, computational, and neural levels of description) of the processes associated with an emotional response. These processes include (a) situation appraisal and the subsequent generation of an affective (bodily, cognitive, and automatic skeletomotor) response, (b) the subsequent internal representation of that response (in terms of bodily sensations and emotion concepts), and (c) the role of salience, attention, and goal relevance in moderating whether or not one becomes aware of their emotions. After introducing the TPM, the author illustrates its utility in clarifying the nature of emotional responses in the IMM. The chapter also illustrates how the TPM can provide insight regarding the specific processes targeted by therapeutic interventions and how they could promote more adaptive emotional functioning.
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Everly, George S. Jr, and Rachel M. Firestone. "Lessons for Developing Resilience." In Supporting and Educating Traumatized Students, 287–98. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199766529.003.0019.
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This chapter seeks to further define resiliency while also delving into the nature of psychological trauma. Cognitive appraisal and the nature of resulting emotional reactions will serve as mechanisms for understanding response to critical incidents. Strategies to help students understand critical incidents and to restore core beliefs will be discussed. The Johns Hopkins University model of Human Resistance, Resiliency and Recovery will provide a framework for providing realistic expectations, fostering group cohesion and social support, developing positive cognitions, and building self-efficacy and hardiness among students. Working from this model, this chapter offers a discussion of seven core skills to build and foster resiliency among school-aged children and youth.
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Castellanos, Sergio, Luis-Felipe Rodríguez, and J. Octavio Gutierrez-Garcia. "Modulation Scheme for Biasing the Emotional Process of Autonomous Agents." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 339–61. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3038-2.ch016.
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Autonomous agents (AAs) are capable of evaluating their environment from an emotional perspective by implementing computational models of emotions (CMEs) in their architecture. A major challenge for CMEs is to integrate the cognitive information projected from the components included in the AA's architecture. In this chapter, a scheme for modulating emotional stimuli using appraisal dimensions is proposed. In particular, the proposed scheme models the influence of cognition on appraisal dimensions by modifying the limits of fuzzy membership functions associated with each dimension. The computational scheme is designed to facilitate, through input and output interfaces, the development of CMEs capable of interacting with cognitive components implemented in a given cognitive architecture of AAs. A proof of concept based on real-world data to provide empirical evidence that indicates that the proposed mechanism can properly modulate the emotional process is carried out.
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Mortillaro, Marcello, Ben Meuleman, and Klaus R. Scherer. "Automated Recognition of Emotion Appraisals." In Handbook of Research on Synthesizing Human Emotion in Intelligent Systems and Robotics, 338–51. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7278-9.ch016.
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Most computer models for the automatic recognition of emotion from nonverbal signals (e.g., facial or vocal expression) have adopted a discrete emotion perspective, i.e., they output a categorical emotion from a limited pool of candidate labels. The discrete perspective suffers from practical and theoretical drawbacks that limit the generalizability of such systems. The authors of this chapter propose instead to adopt an appraisal perspective in modeling emotion recognition, i.e., to infer the subjective cognitive evaluations that underlie both the nonverbal cues and the overall emotion states. In a first step, expressive features would be used to infer appraisals; in a second step, the inferred appraisals would be used to predict an emotion label. The first step is practically unexplored in emotion literature. Such a system would allow to (a) link models of emotion recognition and production, (b) add contextual information to the inference algorithm, and (c) allow detection of subtle emotion states.
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Iandoli, Luca, and Giuseppe Zollo. "Modeling Verbal Judgements." In Organizational Cognition and Learning, 178–94. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-313-5.ch013.
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In the previous chapter we have outlined the basic structure of a verbal model and its main components: Judgments, rules and qualifiers. This chapter proposes a model, called the dual truth model, to represent verbal judgments through fuzzy logic. Furthermore, the dual truth model permits us to examine more in depth and quantitatively assess the vagueness and ambiguity contained in a verbal judgment. An application of the model to the definition of assessment scale for personnel appraisal is also provided.
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McLean, Peter D., and Sheila R. Woody. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." In Anxiety Disorders in Adults, 169–204. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195116250.003.0006.
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This chapter presents a description of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the prevailing theory of OCD. It also reviews assessment issues related to diagnosis and treatment planning, along with the role of triggers, cognitive appraisals, feared consequences, and avoidance in the occurrence of obsessive thoughts. The chapter will concentrate on the detailed application of behavioral and cognitive behavioral models of treatment for OCD, since these approaches have been guided by empirical development.
Conference papers on the topic "Cognitive appraisal model"
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Feng Shu and Ah-Hwee Tan. "A biologically-inspired affective model based on cognitive situational appraisal." In 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252463.
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Ueda, Kazutaka. "Neural Mechanisms of Evaluation and Memory of Product." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34735.
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A consumer’s emotional response to a product is influenced by cognitive processes, such as memories associated with use of the product and expectations of its performance. Here, we propose a cognitive neural model of Expectology, called PEAM (Prediction - Experience - Appraisal - Memory), as a novel tool that considers consumers’ emotional responses in order to aid in product design. The PEAM model divides cognitive processes associated with product use into 4 phases: prediction, experience, appraisal, and memory. We examined the spatiotemporal changes in brain activity associated with product evaluation and memory during the prediction phase, by obtaining electroencephalograms (EEGs). EEGs of 10 healthy participants with normal or corrected-to-normal vision were recorded while they viewed images of products as well as when they provided a preference rating for each product. Our results revealed significantly increased neural activity in the gamma frequency in the temporal areas, the brain regions where declarative memory is stored, and in the prefrontal area for products that were rated as preferable. Our data suggest that memory is used for product evaluation in the prediction phase. These findings also suggest that activity in these specific brain areas are reliable predictors for product evaluation.
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Bari, Abdul, Mohammad Rasheed Khan, M. Sohaib Tanveer, Muhammad Hammad, Asad Mumtaz Adhami, Sarmad S. Siddiqi, Talha Zubair, et al. "A Cognitive Data-Driven Single-Well Modeling Workflow for Reservoir Deliverability Predictions – Expanding the Wireline Formation Tester Application Envelope." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204802-ms.
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Abstract In today's dynamically challenging E&P industry, exploration activities demand for out-of-the-box measures to make the most out of the data available at hand. Instead of relying on time consuming and cost-intensive deliverability testing, there is a strong push to extract maximum possible information from time- and cost-efficient wireline formation testers in combination with other openhole logs to get critical reservoir insight. Consequently, driving efficiency in the appraisal process by reducing redundant expenditures linked with reservoir evaluation. Employing a data-driven approach, this paper addresses the need to build single-well analytical models that combines knowledge of core data, petrophysical evaluation and reservoir fluid properties. Resultantly, predictive analysis using cognitive processes to determine multilayer productivity for an exploratory well is achieved. Single Well Predictive Modeling (SWPM) workflow is developed for this case which utilizes plethora of formation evaluation information which traditionally resides across siloed disciplines. A tailor-made workflow has been implemented which goes beyond the conventional formation tester deliverables while incorporating PVT and numerical simulation methodologies. Stage one involved reservoir characterization utilizing Interval Pressure Transient Testing (IPTT) done through the mini-DST operation on wireline formation tester. Stage two concerns the use of analytical modeling to yield exact solution to an approximate problem whose end-product is an estimate of the Absolute Open Flow Potential (AOFP). Stage three involves utilizing fluid properties from downhole fluid samples and integrating with core, OH logs, and IPTT answer products to yield a calibrated SWPM model, which includes development of a 1D petrophysical model. Additionally, this stage produces a 3D simulation model to yield a reservoir production performance deliverable which considers variable rock typing through neural network analysis. Ultimately, stage four combines the preceding analysis to develop a wellbore production model which aids in optimizing completion strategies. The application of this data-driven and cognitive technique has helped the operator in evaluating the potential of the reservoir early-on to aid in the decision-making process for further investments. An exhaustive workflow is in place that can be adopted for informed reservoir deliverability modeling in case of early well-life evaluations.
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Chirkunov, Kirill, Anastasiia Gorelova, Zoia Filippova, Oksana Popova, Andrey Shokhin, and Semen Zaitsev. "Modern Look at Uncertainty in Conceptual Geological Modelling. Development of the Decision Support System for Petroleum Exploration." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206078-ms.
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Abstract At the early stages of field life, the subsurface project team operates under lack of information. Due to the high uncertainties, decisions at the exploration and appraisal stages are often influenced by cognitive distortion that leads to overestimation or underestimation of hydrocarbon reserves and, as a result, to suboptimal investment decisions. World practice allows us to identify the most common causes of cognitive bias: the team focus on the most provable according to their view scenario and may ignore data that contradicts the chosen scenario,the opinions of the team members differ in the choice of the most likely scenario,the team members work with geological and geophysical (G&G) data performing separate tasks and may miss important connections between various sources of information. The consequences of these cognitive distortions cause an increase in risk capital, the duration of exploration activities, and the choice of suboptimal field developmentstrategy resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of the exploration program and the project as a whole. To reduce such risks, it is possible to attract subject matter experts with extensive experience to support the project team. But the amount of experts is limited and this approach cannot be implemented for the entire portfolio of exploration projects. As result of a research project of Gazpromneft in a partnership with IBM Research, an innovative approach was developed for the objective integration of geological and geophysical data. The main idea of this approach is to support the geologist's decisions by an intelligent assistant working on the principles of the modern theory of knowledge engineering. Using the generalized expert knowledge, the intelligent assistant impartially integrates disparate geological information into a set of conceptual geological models (scenarios, objectively evaluates their probabilities, and helps to plan optimal exploration/appraisal activities.
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Ai Na, Seow, Choong Chee Keong, and Choong Yuen Onn. "HOW COGNITIVE APPRAISALS AND MALADAPTIVE COPING EXPLAIN THE BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION OF HEALTH TOURISTS?" In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.012.
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The main purpose of this paper is to understand the behavioural intention of health tourists through cognitive appraisals and maladaptive coping. A research model is proposed. A field study was conducted in Malaysia’s various international airports. 718 international tourists were approached to partake in the paper survey. The data collected was analysed using SmartPLS software version 3 with partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). This study’s findings show that only response severity is not significant related to maladaptive coping, which is defined as a compulsive behaviour individuals use to soothe themselves when feeling anxious. Perceived vulnerability and response cost are positively related to maladaptive coping, whereas response efficacy and self-efficacy are negatively significant to maladaptive coping. This study’s abstract consists of seven main elements: purpose and background, methodology, findings, conclusion, contribution/practical implications, references, and keywords.
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Fan, Xiaodong, and Yanmei Zhu. "Notice of Retraction: Exploration on the structure innovation and management mode of university students' sports using the cognitive ability appraisal system." In 2011 6th International Conference on Product Innovation Management (ICPIM 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpim.2011.5983699.
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Crawford, Elise, Frank Bogna, Aldo Raineri, and Ryan L. Kift. "Next generation technology for learning practical skills online." In ASCILITE 2020: ASCILITE’s First Virtual Conference. University of New England, Armidale, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2020.0135.
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This paper presents a rationale and research approach for a pilot study that examines next generation solutions for enhancing online learning of practical skills required of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) university students. The study explores instructional technology that has been designed through a constructivist lens. Open source interactive capability and immersive experiences are created using static and 360-degree panoramic photography to encourage greater engagement with the learning resources and to enhance practical skill development at distance. This design research pilot is founded on pedagogy before technology principles and follows the pedagogical model of the cognitive apprenticeship. Survey data, and learning analytics from the University Learning Management System will be interrogated to appraise the education outcomes using the Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation Framework. Expected benefits include improved engagement with learning resources, improved overall OHS skill development, and greater accessibility to workplaces without personal concerns for health and safety.
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Poon Chong, Peter, and Terrence Lalla. "A REVIEW OF BIAS IN DECISION-MAKING MODELS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/aata9467.
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A decision-making model solution is a dependent variable derived from independent variables, parameters and forcing functions. Independent variables collected in linguistic form require intuition which can be potentially biased. A collection of qualitative research papers on bias in models was perused to identify the causes of bias. Decision-making in the manufacturing, finance, law, and management industries require solutions from a complex assortment of data. The popularity of combining decision-making with artificial intelligence (AI) for intelligent systems causes concern, as it can be a predisposition to a true solution. A true solution avoids impartiality and maintains repeated results from a natural phenomenon without favoritism or discrimination. This paper appraised the development of the decision-making environment to identify the path and effect of bias on the variables used in models. The literature reviewed was associated with the design of a decision-making criterion rationalizing the application of variables. The influences on variables were observed with respect to the available resources, environment, and people. This list was further extended to consider the constraints of the resource, customer, network, and regulation fed to the structure. The involvement of bias was founded because of the need for rational decision making, cognitive misperceptions, and psychological principles. The study of variables showed the opportunity for a conscious bias from unethical actions during the development of a decision-making environment. In principle, bias may be best reduced with continuous model monitoring and fair adjustments. Ignoring these implications increases the chance of a bias decision-making model. It also influences the decision result and may be avoided with an ethical and fair quality review. The paper increases the awareness of bias in decision-making and guides actors to the identification and avoidance/reduction of bias effects. This may be a guide for the reduction of the model error to achieve a true solution.