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Nijakowski, S. Rachel Marie. "The relationship among cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and language acquisition for a referred preschool population." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722241.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among measures of cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and language acquisition for a referred preschool population. The subjects were 115 preschoolers (75 boys and 40 girls) under the age of 6 years who had received a psychoeducational battery of tests for either suspected learning difficulties, emotional problems, or attention disorders. This data was collected from the archival records in a children's hospital.Pearson product moment correlations were used to examine the relationship among measures of cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and language acquisition. Correlation matrices were formulated to investigate the relationship.Three groups were delineated dependent on the instrument used to assess the preschoolers: Group 1 received the Bayley Intelligence Scale for Children and the Wisconsin Adaptive Behavior Scale; Group 2 received the Bayley Intelligence Scale for Children and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale; and Group 3 received the Stanford-Binet LM, the Vineland, and the Preschool Language Scale.The correlations obtained in Group 1 were all statistically significant (p<.01); these correlations for cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior were the highest of all the three groups. In fact, considerably higher than might be predicted after the review of the literature that contends that cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior are separate yet related constructs. Moderate correlations between cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior were found for the other two groups in alignment with earlier studies.In examining cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior for this referred preschool population it seems that the relationship changes as the child gets older. This study was not longitudinal; however, a greater separation of the constructs of cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior existed for the older child in this sample.In addition to examining the relationship between cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, this study also looked at language acquisition in relationship to cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior. Statistically significantly high correlations were found for cognitive functioning and language acquisition for this study. The Preschool Language Scale Expressive subdomain was slightly more highly correlated with the Stanford-Binet LM than the Preschool Language Scale Receptive subdomain. This is consistent with the Vineland's Expressive subdomain correlating higher with the Stanford-Binet LM than the Vineland's Receptive subdomain. This suggests the age of the child has something to do with measuring language acquisition in the areas of receptive and expressive language.Given the moderate to high correlations for cognitive functioning, adaptive behavior, and language acquisition for this referred preschool population, it was concluded that measures of adaptive behavior and language acquisition assess constructs similar, yet distinct to cognitive functioning. Therefore, they are both valuable components in comprehensive assessment especially of children "at-risk".Department of Educational Psychology
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Hunt, Madeline S. "A joint confirmatory factor analysis of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition, and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, third edition, with preschool children." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1379123.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the construct validity of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II; Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004a) and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, Third Edition (WJ-III COG; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001) with a sample of 200 preschool children, ranging in age from 4 years, 0 months to 5 years, 1 1 months, and attending preschool and daycare programs in and around a Midwestern city. This study attempted to determine if the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) factor structure represented on these tests can be identified with young children. Individual confirmatory factor analyses were conducted separately with the KABC-II and WJ-III COG. Moreover, a joint confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using both the KABC-II and WJ-III COG. The results of the individual KABC-II factor analyses indicated a two-tiered Gf Gc model provided the best fit to the data, although the three-tiered CHC model also fit the data well. This suggests the underlying factor structure of the KABC-II is well represented by the CHC theory. The WJ-III COG was best represented by an alternative CHC model, in which the Gf factor and subtests had been removed, indicating not all CHC constructs represented on the WJ-III COG can be reliably identified among young children. The joint confirmatory factor analysis indicated the strongest measures of the shared CHC factors on the KABCII and WJ-III COG, which can help to guide cross-battery assessment with preschool children. Overall, the results confirmed multiple CHC abilities can be assessed with young children, implying clinicians should be using preschool tests that provide scores for several cognitive abilities. This study also revealed the constructs of the CHC theory may be represented somewhat differently on preschool tests due to developmental influences. Strong correlations were evident between unrelated tasks, primarily because the verbal and linguistic demands of many subtests caused them to load unexpectedly on the Gc factor. Suggestions for future research include conducting the same study using preschool children with suspected disabilities, as well as with older children, examining other instruments that include a Gf factor, and conducting exploratory factor analysis with subtests from the KABC-II and WJ-III COG that contain significant components of more than one ability.Department of Educational Psychology
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Williams, Tasha H. "A joint-confirmatory factor analysis using the Woodcock-Johnson III tests of cognitive ability and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, fifth edition, with high achieving children." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1318454.
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A considerable about of research has concentrated on studying the performance of high achieving children on measures of intellectual functioning. Findings have indicated high achieving children display differences in performance patterns as well as in the cognitive constructs measured when compared to their average peers. The conceptualization of intelligence has evolved over time and contemporary theories of intelligence have described cognitive ability as consisting of multiple constructs which are often interrelated. Currently. one of the most comprehensive and empirically supported theories of intelligence is the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory (Cattell, 1941; Horn, 1968: Carroll, 1993). The multidimensional and hierarchical CHC theory has served as the foundation for the development and recent revisions of cognitive ability measures such as the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability– Third Edition (WJ-III COG; McGrew & Woodcock 2001) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales – Fifth Edition (SBS: Raid, 2003b). The purpose of this study was to explore the construct validity of the WJ-III COG and SB5 with a sample of high achieving children. Individual confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using the WJ-III COG and SB5. Additionally. a joint confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using both the WJ-III COG and SB5. The results indicated an alternative six-factor WJ-IlI COG and four-factor SB5 models provided the best fit to the data of a high achieving sample, supporting previous research suggesting high achieving children display differences in cognitive constructs when compared with their average counterparts. The joint-confirmatory factor analysis indicated the best measures for the CHC factors measured by both the WJ-III COG and SB5 to help guide cross-battery assessments with high functioning children. Clinical applications of the findings are discussed.Department of Educational Psychology
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Eichenhofer, David J. "Auditory and visual factors of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children : a confirmatory factor analysis." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/514707.
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The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children is a relatively new instrument designed to measure the cognitive abilities of children ages 2 1/2 to 12 1/2. The battery was predominantly based upon Luria's theory of cognitive processing which proposes a simultaneous and sequential dichotomy for the analysis of information. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have generally supported this theory. However, across different age groups and with special populations, analyses have been inconsistent.Few alternative structures for the battery have been tested, especially with special populations.The purpose of the present study was to assess the viability of a two factor structure based upon the modality of input for a group of students referred for learning difficulties. One hundred and twelve students, ages 7 to 12 1/2, who had been referred by teachers because of learning difficulties were used in the study. The thirteen subtests of the K-ABC were specified as being associated with a visual input factor, an auditory input factor, or both. Confirmatory factor analysis, as performed by the LISREL VI computer program, was then used to test this hypothesis. Unreasonable parameter estimates led to the rejection of the model for this sample. This lack of confirmation is discussed in terms of high correlations among estimates, misspecification of the model, sample homogeneity, and lack of independence among the subtests in terms of input modality. It was concluded that input modality was not a major factor in performance on the battery for this particular sample.
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Miller, Angela L. "Cognitive processes associated with creativity scale development and validation /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/763.
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Orrison, Nancy Lynn Robertson. "Adequate and appropriate intelligence testing of moderately mentally retarded children." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618394.
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The intelligence of moderately mentally retarded (MR) children is difficult to assess because they often have concurrent physical or sensory impairments which adversely affect their test performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if necessary adaptations are made when assessing children who are moderately MR for educational placement in the State of Virginia.;A survey was sent to public school psychologists in the State of Virginia as identified by the 1990-91 roster obtained from the Virginia Department of Education. The survey inquired as to their normal methods of intelligence testing used with the moderately mentally retarded population. The results of the survey and a review of literature were used to determine methods of successful assessment of children who are moderately mentally retarded.;The results of the study indicate that more than one intelligence measure must be made to validate the results. The inclusion of adaptive behavior scales is necessary to satisfy the criteria for mental retardation. Modifications are often necessary to prevent physical handicaps from suppressing the child's scores on standard intelligence tests. What is needed are precisely stated modifications, included with standard intelligence tests, which accommodate for the needs of moderately mentally retarded children.
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Moreno, Sala María Teresa. "The influence of perceptual shift, cognitive abilities and environmental factors on young children's development of absolute and relative pitch perception /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85941.
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The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a shift from absolute to relative pitch perception occurs during early childhood. Other factors that can influence the development of absolute pitch, such as cognitive abilities and the child's environment were examined. Young children completed (n=88): (1) a variety of pitch tasks (absolute and relative pitch tests) prior to and after two months of focused instruction on absolute and relative pitch, (2) tests of cognitive abilities, and (3) a questionnaire gathering information about family musical environment.The results indicate that a shift from absolute to relative perception occurs between the ages of 5 and 7. Children younger than six demonstrated limited ability to perform relational tasks such as ordering bells, identifying transposed intervals, and comparing pitches. However, they memorized target pitches better than the older children, matched target tones on the xylophone and sang newly learned songs in their original key more often than did the older children. Older children benefited to a larger extent from the training on relative pitch. Cognitive and spatial abilities were related to absolute pitch development: children who identified pitches better had a more sequential and a less simultaneous way of processing information. Family musical environment seems to have influenced the development of absolute pitch. Implications for the acquisition of absolute pitch are discussed.
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Jordan, Sharon Teresa. "Correlates of cognitive skills used by boys and girls on sequencing and construction tasks." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/214.
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Horn, Jocelyn L. "An examination of shortened measures of intelligence in the assessment of giftedness." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1354647.
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The overall purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between two recently revised measures of intelligence (Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability, Third Edition and Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition) and three shortened measures of intelligence (Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability, Third Edition Brief Intellectual Ability Score, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition Abbreviated IQ, and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test IQ Composite). Specifically, this study examined the accuracy of the three shortened scores in their ability to predict giftedness based on children's scores on the two full measures, with the intention of examining the implications of using shortened measures in a screening process for gifted identification.Participants were a group of 202 third-grade students enrolled in a suburban school district located in the Midwest. These students were selected for the study based on high achievement and/or cognitive scores on a state standardized test. The participants ranged in age from 8 years, 4 months to 10 years, 11 months and were assessed during the spring of their third grade year in 2003 and 2004. These children were administered the three measures over a two day period in a counterbalanced order.A set of univariate and multivariate procedures were used to examine hypothesized relationships between full and shortened measures. Significant positive relationships were observed between all five measures examined, although the highest correlations were produced between the full measure scores and their short forms. Discriminant function analyses were conducted to determine the accuracy of the three shortened measures in their prediction of giftedness based on five separate criteria using two full scale measures of intelligence. The results of all five multivariate discriminant function analyses were significant, indicating that the three shortened measures were able to group children accurately as compared to full scale scores, with classification rates ranging between 76.7 and 90.6. These analyses further revealed that the WJ III COG BIA was best able to predict giftedness in most cases, regardless of the criteria used. These results are intended to provide educators with information about the accuracy of three different shortened measures of intelligence so that informed decisions can be made regarding the use of these measures in selection processes for gifted programming.Department of Educational Psychology
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Huxford, Bonnie L. "Relationships between the California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version and the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children - Third Edition." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191107.
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This study looked at the relationship between the 27 indices on the California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version (CVLT-C) and the 19 scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III). The sample consisted of 58 children, ages 6-16 from a clinical population. The subgroups with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Learning Disabilities (LD), and High Ability (HA) were compared to children with no clinical diagnosis (ND) on WISC-III Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, and Performance IQ; on CVLT-C Total Recall Trials 1-5; and on CVLC factors of Attention Span, Learning Efficiency, Free Delayed Recall, Cued Delayed Recall, and Inaccurate Recall. Twelve significant correlations were found between the CVLT-C and WISC-III including Full Scale IQ with Total Recall Trials 1-5, Discriminability, and False Positives; Verbal IQ with False Positives; Vocabulary with Total Recall Trials 1-5; Information with Serial Cluster Ratio; Digit Span with Total Recall Trials 1-5 and Discriminability; Processing Speed with Discriminability and False Positives; and Symbol Search with False Positives, all within the moderate range. In comparing clinical subgroups, children with ADHD did not differ significantly from those without a clinical diagnosis (ND) on any selected measures. Children diagnosed with learning disabilities were significantly lower on Total Recall Trials 1-5, Attention Span, and Cued Delayed Recall. Children with high abilities (HA) were significantly higher on WISC-III Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, CVLT-C Total Recall Trials 1-5, Learning Efficiency, and Free Delayed Recall. This study empirically supported a positive relationship between memory processes and cognitive abilities while also confirming that each are a part of a larger cognitive process.Department of Educational Psychology
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Lam, Wai-tak Ronny, and 林偉德. "Validation of modified fuld object-memory evaluation (FOME) for screening of geriatric population with cognitive impairment in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010730.
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Morgan, Kimberly E. "The validity of intelligence tests using the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model of intelligence with a preschool population." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1389688.
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Individual differences in human intellectual abilities and the measurement of those differences have been of great interest to the field of school psychology. As such, different theoretical perspectives and corresponding test batteries have evolved over the years as a way to explain and measure these abilities. A growing interest in the field of school psychology has been to use more than one intelligence test in a "cross-battery" assessment in hopes of measuring a wider range (or a more in-depth but selective range) of cognitive abilities. Additionally, interest in assessing intelligence began to focus on preschool-aged children because of initiatives to intervene early with at-risk children. The purpose of this study was to examine the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB-V) and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II) in relation to the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of intelligence using a population of 200 preschool children. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted with these two tests individually as well as in conjunction with one another. Different variations of the CHC model were examined to determine which provided the best representation of the underlying CHC constructs measured by these tests. Results of the CFAs with the SBV revealed that it was best interpreted from a two-stratum model, although results with the KABC-II indicated that the three-stratum CHC model was the best overall design. Finally, results from the joint CFA did not provide support for a cross-battery assessment with these two particular tests.3Department of Educational Psychology
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Tecle, Hagos Ghebremicael. "The psychometric properties of the Paper and Pencil Games Level 2 for Tigrigna-speaking children in Eritrea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53666.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a screening test of cognitive ability, the Paper and Pencil Games Level 2 (PPG Level 2), for Tigrignaspeaking schoolchildren in Eritrea. This study represents one of the first attempts to measure cognitive ability in Eritrea. The PPG was developed in South Africa (Claassen, 1996) as a group test of general cognitive ability for children in Grade 2 and 3 (PPG Level 2), and Grade 4 and 5 (PPG Level 3). The PPG provides Total, Verbal and Nonverbal ability scores. The Verbal Scale consists of two subtests, namely (a) Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning and (b) Comprehension. The Non-verbal Scale consists of three subtests, namely (a) Figure Classification, (b) Figure Series, and (c) Pattern Completion. Although the PPG has the appearance of a standardized intelligence test, Claassen emphasized that it is best used as a screen for academic difficulties or failures. Participants were 577 Tigrigria-speaking Grade 3 children. The children were selected from schools in the capital, Asmara, from small towns, and villages. Eleven schools participated. The participants can be considered representative of the Grade 3 Tigrignaspeaking population in Eritrea. The PPG Level 2 was completed under supervision of the researcher. Classical and Rasch item analyses were conducted on the Verbal and Non-verbal Scales, respectively. The internal consistency of the Non-verbal scale can be considered satisfactory for a screening instrument (Cronbach's a = .85). Furthermore, the non-verbal items showed satisfactory fit to the Rasch model (INFIT values and OUTFIT values < 1.3 for all items), suggesting that they measure a unidimensional construct. In addition, the item difficulty estimates corresponded well with the serial order of the items, with easy items being presented earlier than more difficult items. The internal consistency of the Verbal scale was lower (Cronbach's a = .72), which can probably be attributed to the relative easiness of the items for the particular group of participants. The verbal items also showed satisfactory fit to the Rasch model. The Rasch analysis, which expresses person ability and item difficulty on the same scale, clearly showed that the Verbal items were too easy for the majority of the children. However, it should be kept in mind that the PPG is intended to discriminate among children with low ability. Hence, the observed mismatch between the abilities and item difficulties was not unexpected. It should also be noted that the serial order of the items did not correspond well with item difficulty, with some difficult items being presented early and some easy items presented late in the scale. The five subtests of the PPG were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. Two models were specified and compared. Model 1 specified a single general factor; this provided a more parsimonious description of the data and showed a satisfactory fit with the data, though a bit weaker than that of Model 2. Model 2 specified two correlated factors, namely a Verbal and a Non-verbal factor. Model 2 also fitted the data well, but a high correlation between the factors was observed (r = .77; r2 = .59), suggesting the presence of a general factor. The results provide support for two levels of interpretation, namely on the Total score level and the Verbal and Non-verbal level. The validity of the PPG Level 2 was further investigated by examining the correlations between the PPG scores and teacher ratings of academic achievement. Because different schools had different raters, the correlations within each of the schools were pooled to obtain an estimate of the correlations between the PPG scales and academic achievement for the total group. The pooled correlation for the PPG Total score with academic achievement was .56, for the Non-Verbal score .53, and for the Verbal score .41. The correlations for the Total and Non-verbal scores are similar to those typically reported in the educational psychology literature and provide support for the validity of these scales as a screen for academic difficulties. The results show that the PPG, which was developed in South Africa, may be fruitfully exported to Eritrea. It is recommended, however, that before the PPG Level 2 is routinely used for screening purposes with Tigrigna-speaking children, the functioning of the Verbal Scale should be re-examined and possibly some of the Verbal items should be rewritten.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die onderhawige studie was om die psigometriese eienskappe van 'n siftingstoets van kognitiewe vermoë, naamlik die Paper and Pencil Games Level 2 (PPG Level 2), vir Tigrigna-sprekende kinders in Ertirea te bestudeer. Hierdie studie verteenwoordig een van die eerste pogings om kognitiewe vermoë in Eritrea te meet. Die PPG is in Suid-Afrika ontwikkel (Claassen, 1996) as 'n groeptoets van kognitiewe vermoë vir kinders in Grade 2 en 3 (PPG Level 2), en Grade 4 en 5 (PPG Level 3). Die PPG lewer tellings van kognitiewe vermoë op drie vlakke, naamlik Totaal, Verbaal en Nie-Verbaal. Die Verbale skaal bestaan uit twee subskale: (a) Verbale en Kwantitatiewe redenering en (b) Begrip. Die Nie-Verbale skaal bestaan uit drie subskale, naamlik (a) Figuur Klassifisering, (b) Figuurreekse en (c) Patroonvoltooiing. Alhoewel die PPG op die oog af soos 'n konvensionele intelligensietoets lyk, beklemtoon Claassen dat dit te beste geskik is as 'n siftingsinstrument vir akademiese probleme of mislukkings. Die deelnemers was 577 Tigrigna-sprekende kinders in Graad 3. Die kinders is uit skole van die hoofstad, Asmara, klein dorpe en geselekteer. Elf skole het aan die studie deelgeneem. Daar kan aanvaar word dat die deelnemers verteenwoordigend is van die Graad 3 Tigrigna-sprekende populasie in Eritrea. Die PPG Level 2 is onder supervisie van die navorser voltooi. Klassieke en Rasch item-ontledings is op die Verbale en Nie- Verbale skale, onderskeidelik, uitgevoer. Die interne konsekwentheid van die Nie- Verbale skaal kan as bevredigend vir 'n siftingsinstrument beskou word (Cronbach se a = .85). Hierbenewens het die Nie-Verbale items 'n bevredigende passing met die Rasch model getoon (INFIT gemiddelde kwadrate en OUTFIT gemiddelde kwadrate < 1.3 vir alle items), wat daarop dui dat die items 'n essensiëel eendimensionele konstruk meet. Die moeilikheidswaardes van die Nie- Verbale items het ook sterk ooreengestem met die volgorde waarin die items in die skaal aangebied word - die maklike items is eerste aangebied en daarna die moeilike items. Die interne konsekwentheid van die Verbale skaal was laer (Cronbach se a = .72). Die laer koëffisiënt kan waarskynlik aan die relatiewe lae moeilikheidsgraad van die Verbale items toegeskryf word. Die Verbale items het egter ook 'n bevredigende passing met die Rasch model getoon. Die Rasch ontleding, wat vermoë en item moeilikheid op dieselfde skaal uitdruk, het duidelik getoon dat die Verbale items te maklik vir die meeste kinders was. Daar dien egter op gelet te word dat die PPG ontwerp is om te diskrimineer tussen kinders met relatiewe lae vermoëns. In hierdie lig gesien is die swak passing tussen vermoë en item moeilikhede nie te onverwags nie. Die volgorde waarin die items in die skaal aangebied word het ook nie goed ooreengestem met die item moeilikheidswaardes nie - sommige moeilike items is vroeg in die skaal aangebied en sommige maklike items laat in die skaal. Die vyf subtoetse van die PPG is aan 'n bevestigende faktorontleding onderwerp. Twee modelle is gespesifiseer en vergelyk. Model 1 het 'n enkele algemene faktor gespesifisieer.
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Marcontell, Deborah K. (Deborah Kay). "The Aronson Cognitive Residual Evaluation Scale (ACRES): an Evaluation of Reliability with the Elderly." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504529/.
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The Aronson Cognitive Residual Evaluation Scale (ACRES) is a new, relatively short neuropsychological test which attempts to measure residual cognitive skills. This study evaluated the ACRES test-retest reliability over a one to twelve month interval. The Trail Making Test (TMT) was included as a validation measure. Subjects were 58 males and females, aged 68 to 94, living in a retirement center or in the community. The ACRES exhibited moderate to strong reliability correlations and the TMT demonstrated low to moderate correlations with the ACRES. There was no time interval effect. Age had a negative effect on four of five ACRES subtests and gender was significant for one ACRES subtest and the TMT Part B. Percent of subjects classified as brain impaired using traditional cutoffs was higher than when age-corrected norms were used. Clinical utility of the ACRES and the TMT is discussed regarding need for age-corrected norms.
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Dale, Brittany A. "Profile analysis of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition with African American and Caucasian preschool children." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/772.
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Shafer, Micheal E. "Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: An Evaluation of the WISC-III Four Factor Model and Individual Cluster Profiles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9033/.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents in the US. Children and adolescents who sustain moderate and severe head injuries are much more likely to evidence significant deficits in neuropsychological functioning when compared with children with mild head injuries. Information about the recovery process and functional sequelae associated with moderate and severe head injuries remains limited, despite clear indications that children who experience such injuries typically exhibit notable deficits in intellectual functioning, particularly during the acute phase of recovery. Thus, the present study was conducted to augment research on intellectual functioning in children with moderate or severe head injuries. To accomplish this, the study first examined the proposed factor model of the WISC-III in children with moderate and severe TBI. Given high prevalence rates and similar trends in cognitive impairment, particularly within the frontal lobe structures (e.g., disrupted cognitive flexibility and divided attention), the study also examined this same factor model for a group of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compared it with the model fit from the TBI group. In the second phase of the study, both the TBI and AHDH groups were evaluated to determine if distinct WISC-III index score cluster profiles could be identified. Lastly, the cluster groups for both the TBI and ADHD samples were validated using important demographic and clinical variables, as well as scores from independent neuropsychological measures of attention, executive functioning, and working memory. Parent reports of psychological and behavioral functioning were also used in an attempt to further distinguish the cluster groups. Study limitations and future research implications were also discussed.
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Warren, Deborah Kay. "Nonlinguistic Cognitive Performance and Expressive and Receptive Language Scores in Children with Expressive Language Delay." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4884.
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This study was part of the Portland Language Development Project. The purpose was to establish reliability for the Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test. Additionally, nonlinguistic cognitive performance scores were correlated with soores from expressive and receptive language test soores. Finally, scores of overall cognitive function and of nonlinguistic cognitive function in children with normally developing language (NL) and with expressive language delay (ELD) were compared. The original group size was 60 children, 30 with ELD at the age of 20 months, and 30 who were a matched control group. These subjects were reevaluated during Kindergarten. The Draw-A-Man Test was administered to assess the subjects' nonlinguistic cognitive functioning. The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities CMCSA) was administered to assess the subjects' overall cognitive functioning. A free speech sample was analyzed using the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) criteria to assess expressive language skills, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
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Bakari, Heather. "Evaluation of an Elementary PBIS Bully Prevention Program." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1329.
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School bullying has become an international source of concern. The media has captured the attention of the public with coverage of incidents such as the Columbine massacre. On April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked through their school, shooting particular students they found. One victim asked why they were doing it. They said it was a dream come true and “payback” for being ostracized by their peers (Kalish & Kimmel, 2010). Until such devastations acted out in schools, bullying was considered a rite of passage. For the most part, parents and faculty did little to prevent it. In recent years psychological research studies have confirmed that bullying can be detrimental to the emotional, physical, and mental health of developing adolescents. This program evaluation was completed to determine whether or not the Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports bully prevention intervention implemented at an elementary school in Kentucky was effective by creating a more positive school climate, increasing the amount of bystander participation during bullying incidents and decreasing the number of times students felt they had been treated disrespectfully. Analyses indicated the intervention was unsuccessful. Student ratings were very positive prior to the implementation of the intervention and were similarly positive after the intervention that been implemented. Data provided by the school indicated there was not a bullying problem within the school prior to implementing the intervention.
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Larrabee, Amy L. "Predicting academic achievement through kindergarten screening : an evaluation of developmental and school readiness measures." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1343472.
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The purpose of this study was to examine two commonly used kindergarten screening measures' ability to predict later academic achievement. Participants included 67 kindergarten children who were administered the Bracken Basic Concept Scale-Revised (BBCS-R) and the Early Prevention of School Failure (EPSF) screening battery upon initiation of their kindergarten year. The students' academic progress in the areas of reading, language, and mathematics was examined using the Terra Nova in the fall of first grade.Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the BBCS-R, EPSF, and Terra Nova. Predictor variables included the BBCS-R total test score and its subtests (i.e., School Readiness, Direction/Position, Self-Social Awareness, Texture/Material, Quantity, and Time/Sequence), as well as the EPSF at-risk identification score and standard scores for the tests included in the EPSF screening battery (i.e., Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition (PPVT-III), Literacy and Language Assessment (LLA), Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI), Draw-A-Person (DAP), and the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS)). Criterion variables included the Terra Nova Total Test Composite, Reading Composite, Language Composite, and Mathematics Composite.Results suggested the BBCS-R total test score was a better predictor of reading and language achievement than the EPSF at-risk identification score and standard scores on the EPSF tests. The EPSF at-risk identification score, however, best predicted mathematics achievement at first grade. Although these results at a glance may support the utilization of both screening instruments in predicting later achievement, further analysis of the EPSF tests prediction of mathematics achievement indicated that of the five EPSF tests, the VMI and PPVT-III best predicted later mathematics performance. The remaining three EPSF tests added no value to the prediction of mathematics achievement beyond that of the VMI and PPVT-III. Thus, use of the entire EPSF screening battery to predict later achievement was not supported. Further analysis utilizing multiple regression with the BBCS-R total test score, VMI, and PPVT-III standard scores as the predictors, indicated the VMI and BBCS-R best predicted later mathematics achievement. These results support the use of the BBCS-R and VMI in the kindergarten screening process to predict later achievement in all academic areas.Department of Educational Psychology
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Lunn, Douglas James. "Utilization of the Wisconsin card sorting test in the diagnostic discrimination of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and learning disorders in children." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1213155.
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The purpose of this investigation was two-fold. First, to examine the level of diagnostic accuracy of psychologists when their decisions were subjected to statistical procedures that analyzed group differences and group membership predictions. Second, to examine the sensitivity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST; Heaton, Chelune, Talley, Kay, & Curtiss, 1993) in differentially identifying children who experience ADHD and RD-LD symptoms. The diagnostic battery used to identify ADHD, RD-LD, and Normal subjects included intellectual, academic achievement, attention, and hyperactivity measures recognized as sensitive to these disorders. Performance on the WCST was then examined to determine its usefulness in discriminating between the aforementioned groups.Scores for the diagnostic variables for 115 subjects (mean age = 9.8 years; males = 80; females = 35) were analyzed using oneway ANOVAs to determine differences between groups. A subsequent cluster analysis was conducted using Ward's method to determine group membership of the subjects and resulted in a sample of 87. This cluster analysis resulted in a four cluster solution with the groups being identified as ADHD, RD-LD, Normal, and "Close Calls."Two linear discriminant analyses were performed with the first using the diagnostic groups diagnosed by the previous psychologists as groups and diagnostic variables as predictors. The second used the diagnostic groups diagnosed by evaluating psychologists and the WCST variables used as predictors to examine their ability to discriminate between groups and predict membership.The first linear discriminant analysis yielded two significant functions of three indicating confidence in the diagnoses provided by the evaluating psychologists. The second linear discriminant analysis yielded no significant findings when using the WCST variables as predictors. As a result, it appears the WCST provides little useful information in the differentiation between ADHD, RD-LD, and normals.Department of Educational Psychology
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Wong, Ka Yee Allison. "Construct validity of the test of gross motor development - 2." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/694.
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Peterson, Deana R. "Development and field testing of the elementary school accessibilty checklist." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143557/.
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Wasserberg, Martin J. "Stereotype Threat and the Standardized Testing Experiences of African American Children at an Urban Elementary School." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/116.
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Stereotype threat (Steele & Aronson, 1995) refers to the risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group in a particular performance domain. The theory assumes that performance in the stereotyped domain is most negatively affected when individuals are more highly identified with the domain in question. As federal law has increased the importance of standardized testing at the elementary level, it can be reasonably hypothesized that the standardized test performance of African American children will be depressed when they are aware of negative societal stereotypes about the academic competence of African Americans. This sequential mixed-methods study investigated whether the standardized testing experiences of African American children in an urban elementary school are related to their level of stereotype awareness. The quantitative phase utilized data from 198 African American children at an urban elementary school. Both ex-post facto and experimental designs were employed. Experimental conditions were diagnostic and non-diagnostic testing experiences. The qualitative phase utilized data from a series of six focus group interviews conducted with a purposefully selected group of 4 African American children. The interview data were supplemented with data from 30 hours of classroom observations. Quantitative findings indicated that the stereotype threat condition evoked by diagnostic testing depresses the reading test performance of stereotype-aware African American children (F[1, 194] = 2.21, p < .01). This was particularly true of students who are most highly domain-identified with reading (F[1, 91] = 19.18, p < .01). Moreover, findings indicated that only stereotype-aware African American children who were highly domain-identified were more likely to experience anxiety in the diagnostic condition (F[1, 91] = 5.97, p < .025). Qualitative findings revealed 4 themes regarding how African American children perceive and experience the factors related to stereotype threat: (1) a narrow perception of education as strictly test preparation, (2) feelings of stress and anxiety related to the state test, (3) concern with what “others” think (racial salience), and (4) stereotypes. A new conceptual model for stereotype threat is presented, and future directions including implications for practice and policy are discussed.
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Crowell, Ciera. "Analysis of interaction design and evaluation methods in full-body interaction for special needs: collaborative virtual environments for improving socialization in children with autism." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667614.
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This thesis is focused on the specific properties and evaluation of full-body interaction design of multi-user mixed reality environments to aid in intervention strategies for children with autism, to improve their understanding and adoption of social behaviors with peers and with society in general. This practice-based research is based upon human-computer interaction theory, and is aided by general theories of embodied cognition, embodiment and developmental psychology. The research consists of designing playful experiences for the target users in order to promote socialization and collaboration. The design of the experiences has been informed by codesign activities and collaboration with experts in autism, parents, psychologists, therapists, caregivers and the children themselves. Topics for analysis will include understanding the dynamics of goal-oriented and open-ended gameplay, proxemics, and encouraged versus enforced collaboration. Assessment methods take into account video recorded footage, system logs, user interviews and multimodal analysis, including physiology-based data such as electrodermal activity and heart rate of the children's behavioral and affective states throughout the experience. The main setting of the research is large scale floor-projected mixed environments, enabling the testing of interaction strategies and evaluation methods of experiences based on collocation of multiple users within a full-body interactive scenario, where they can practice interaction face-to-face in a natural and uninhibited manner.Aquesta tesi es centra en l'avaluació i les propietats específiques del disseny d'interacció a cos sencer d'entorns de realitat mixta multiusuari, dissenyats per ajudar en estratègies d'intervenció per a nens amb autisme, i millorar la seva comprensió i adopció de comportaments socials amb companys i amb la societat en general. Aquesta investigació es basa en la disciplina de la interacció persona-ordinador, informada també per teories generals de la cognició encarnada i de la psicologia del desenvolupament. Aquesta recerca consisteix en dissenyar experiències lúdiques per a la població objectiu per tal de promoure la socialització i la col·laboració. El disseny de les experiències ha estat informat per activitats de co-disseny i la col·laboració amb experts en autisme, pares, psicòlegs, terapeutes, cuidadors i els propis nens. Els temes per a l'anàlisi inclouen la comprensió de les dinàmiques de joc orientat a un objectiu i joc lliure, les proxèmiques i la col·laboració encoratjada per al disseny d'aquests tipus de sistemes. Els mètodes d'avaluació tenen en compte les imatges enregistrades en vídeo, els registres del sistema, les entrevistes amb els usuaris i l'anàlisi multimodal; incloent dades fisiològiques, com l'activitat electrodèrmica i la freqüència cardíaca dels estats conductuals i afectius dels nens durant tota l'experiència. El context principal de la investigació són els entorns mixtos a gran escala projectats al terra , els quals permeten provar estratègies d'interacció i mètodes d'avaluació d'experiències d'interacció a cos sencer amb múltiples usuaris dins d'un mateix escenari, on poden practicar la interacció cara a cara, de manera natural i desinhibida.
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Rochelle, Gary B. "Concurrent Validity of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability-Revised with a Neurologically Compromised Pediatric Population." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2700/.
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The Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML) is a relatively new instrument used in the assessment of memory in children. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the WRAML by comparing the performance of children on both the WRAML and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability- Revised (WJTCA-R). Subjects for the study were children in treatment for a brain tumor at a regional children's medical center. Fifty children participated in the study ranging from ages 6 to 17. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine which of four selected clusters from the WJTCA-R would have the highest correlation with the Verbal Memory Index (VERI) from the WRAML. The Short-Term Memory (GSM) cluster had the highest correlation ( r = .82) as predicted. A Pearson's product-moment correlational analysis was conducted between the Visual Processing (GV) cluster from the WJTCA-R and the Visual Memory Index (VISI) from the WRAML. GV was found to have a high positive correlation ( r = .63) with VISI. A similar analysis was conducted between the Long-Term Retrieval (GLR) cluster from the WJTCA-R and the Learning Index (LRNI) from the WRAML. GLR was found to have a high positive correlation ( r = .81) with LRNI. Finally, a correlational analysis was conducted between the Broad Cognitive Ability (BCA) scale from the WJTCA-R and the General Memory Index (GENI) from the WRAML. A high positive correlation ( r = .87) was found between these most global measures from the two batteries. The observed correlation between BCA and GENI was much higher than anticipated. The author concluded that neurological impairment had affected subject memory and intellectual functioning in similar ways. The results do not generalize to children who have not had similar decrements in cognitive functioning. Future research should establish a baseline correlation between the two instruments with a non-impaired population.
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Guy, Laurie Ann. "Strategies to increase the critical reading skills of secondary students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1684.
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This paper will examine what research has revealed about reading and learning in the areas of word recognition, scaffolding to develop understanding, metacognition and application of new knowledge in real world situations. The study then will go on to link what is known about learning to strategies that have already been developed by secondary teachers to increase critical reading skills.
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Chan, Po-wah, and 陳寶華. "Visual-motor development and its relationship with the academic performance in the Hong Kong young children: the Bender Gestalt Test." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959258.
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Parker, Kathy L. "Construct validity of the Differential Ability Scales with a mentally handicapped population : an investigation into the interpretability of cluster scores." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1019480.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Differential Ability Scales (DAS) with a mentally handicapped population. The DAS is an individually administered, standardized test of intelligence. The stated purposes of the DAS are to provide a composite measure of conceptual reasoning abilities for classification and placement decisions and to provide a reliable profile of relative strengths and weaknesses for diagnostic purposes. With these goals in mind, it follows that this cognitive measure would be used often with mentally handicapped students. The DAS was developed using an hierarchical model based upon exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The model assumes that ability measures or subtests will load on a general factor g and will form subfactors at a lower level. The model also assumes that as children get older, the number of subfactors will increase because of development and differentiation of abilities. How mentally handicapped children would fit into this model was the subject of the current research.Using a sample of 100 mildly and moderately handicapped children ages 8 years, 0 months to 17 years, 5 months, confirmatory factor analysis was used to explore the factor structure of the DAS with this population. Three separate models were investigated: Model I, in which a one factor solution was proposed, Model II, in which two factors, Verbal Ability and Nonverbal Ability, were proposed, and Model III, in which three factors, Verbal Ability, Nonverbal Reasoning Ability, and Spatial Ability, as proposed by the test's authors, were investigated. Results of the analyses support the use of a one factor interpretation when using the DAS with mentally handicapped students. In practice, only the broadest score, the General Conceptual Ability Score (GCA), can be interpreted with confidence. Further, case study investigation illustrates the inconsistencies encountered in scoring at the lower end of the norms, as well as in using the outof-level procedure proposed by the test's authors.Department of Educational Psychology
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Serova, Svetlana. "Factor Structure of the Neurocognitive Battery in a Geriatric Sample with Cognitive Impairments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3615/.
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The present study was designed to empirically validate six theoretically derived cognitive domains (verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, attention-concentration, executive functions, and visuospatial abilities) assessed by a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests used in the Geriatric Memory Clinic at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas. The study examined the extent to which various cognitive dimensions are tapped by this battery in a heterogeneous geriatric sample of 114 patients with cognitive impairments. The proposed six-factor model of cognitive functioning has not been supported. Further exploratory factor analysis arrived at a five-factor solution. Factor pattern of the 23 tests supported the following five dimensions: memory, executive control, attention, visuospatial abilities, and cognitive flexibility.
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Ram, Anshumala. "Effects of Head Start participation on cognitive and social functioning of children in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2000.
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Knoth, Sharon K. "Essential accommodations for students with sensory impairments : perceptions from the field." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1354646.
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This thesis explored standardized assessment practices and analyzed accommodations commonly provided to address the unique needs of students with a sensory impairment. Current assessment practices in Indiana result in well below average scores on the Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress - Plus (ISTEP+) and the Graduation Qualifying Examination (GQE) for students who have a sensory impairment. Using a mixed-method of qualitative and quantitative processes, the researcher postulated that if assessment processes were equitable for this population of students, their scores should approximate the normal distribution seen in the overall state totals for the total school population; albeit with a slightly lower trajectory. Reasoning being that the overall population of students with a sensory impairment spans from students with high ability to students with multiple disabilities. Through a literature review and meta-analysis on the topic of assessment, surveys and discussions with varied local experts, and interviews with state and national experts in the sensory areas represented, this study sought to establish a framework for accommodating this population of students on standardized assessments. Using descriptive analysis procedures, the various data sets brought forth 25 qualities or practices that the diverse experts agreed should be in place when assessing this population of students. The data reflected a high level of consensus among parents, teachers, state, and national experts regardless of region of state represented. The data also reflected consensus across sensory subgroups (blind, deaf, deafblind, hard of hearing/cochlear implant, and low vision). The research concluded with a modified confirmatory factor analysis of the 25 qualities with the state-dictated permissible accommodations published in the test guidance manual. This analysis revealed less than half of the perceived best practices were in place for the current state-mandated assessment system. Suggestions for improving accommodation options on future assessment procedures and the prospective for further research were offered.Department of Special Education
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McVey, Ann Francis. "Third Grade Teachers' Views and Perceptions of the Participation of Students with Disabilities in Statewide Testing." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1223744755.
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Dissertation (Ed.D.)--University of Toledo, 2008.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Education Degree in Educational Administration & Supervision ." Bibliography: leaves 159-171.
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Barron, Susan, and n/a. "Boys and Literacy: Rhetoric and Reality." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040623.140850.
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The gendered features of children's development in early literacy, particularly those that contribute to the generally poorer performance of boys, were explored in a dual-phase questionnaire study, conducted across schools in South East Queensland. The potential influences of school type (private and state) and gender-composition of a class (mixed-gender and single-gender schools) on performances of boys were tested on two state-wide tests (The Year 2 Diagnostic Net for Reading; The Reading Development Continuum) and a standardised measure (The St Lucia Reading Comprehension Test). Children and parents were surveyed to determine the locus of significant differences between girls and boys in relation to attitudes to reading, being read to and to constructs of self and others as readers. Girls presented as more positive across these measures. They indicated greater interest in reading and being read to. They reported reading across a wider range of genres for both school and recreational purposes and selected reading as a preferred activity in comparison with others. Boys were more reluctant readers. They displayed poorer attitudes generally and reported reading less in quantity and frequency in both school and home settings. The notion of girls and boys maintaining a positive or negative "image" emerged from a small but influential subset. This derivation was consistent with perceptions of gender-bias in gender-preferences. The profile of achievement across the three measures yielded a story of difference. Boys in private school settings were significantly less likely than girls to obtain higher Continuum scores and boys in state school settings were less likely than girls to be rated as proficient in the Year Two Net Test. Boys from private schools and in single-gender situations outperformed all other subgroups on the Net. Yet, they obtained the worst result on the Continuum, and were in the middle rank on the standardised test. Whether in private or state schools, boys were likely to obtain lower average Continuum scores than females. This was a statistically significant difference in the private school sector. While boys in Private Schools were slightly more likely than girls to be rated as proficient in the Year Two Net test, boys in state schools were far less likely than girls to be rated as proficient on the Year Two Net test, a statistically significant difference. Children attending single-gender, private schools attained higher aggregate scores on the attitude subtests of the Continuum than their state school counterparts. However, children in comparable, mixed-gender, private schools performed neither better nor worse than their peers in single-gender private schools. This comparison does not support contentions that single-gender schooling is superior in relation to the literacy achievements of emergent readers. When comparisons were made at the most general level (male vs. female, private vs. state school) gender did not predict scores in the externally administered St. Lucia Reading Comprehension Test scores. The significant relationship for girls at state schools on the Net test and for girls at private schools on the Continuum (both internally-based measures), coupled with the non-significant differences in relation to the St. Lucia Reading Comprehension Test points to the possibility that internally-based ratings are to some extent driven by teacher perceptions of literacy competence, and such perceptions may at times be unreliable. The corollary observation that not only was the measurement of attitude provided by the Continuum Attitude score significantly correlated with the St. Lucia reading test but also that the latter was not directly influenced by gender affirmed the notion that a school culture of gendered literacy is influencing teacher attitudes related to the achievement of literacy. What analyses of home background capture is the surprisingly lack of any connection between these tacitly understood underpinnings of literacy and the achievement thereof. The lack particularly of any connection between the teacher reading to students and the achievement of literacy was also surprising. In relation to literacy practice, the three most highly identified male activities (kicking a ball, computer games, playing outside) grouped to form a distinct factor (subscale) and this factor score was positively associated at a statistically significant level with scores on the St Lucia Reading test. Not only did private school children obtain better scores on the St. Lucia test, it was private school students whose identification of this highly stereotypically set of male activities linked significantly with an external measure of the achievement of literacy. This linkage seems indicative of an enhanced ability to read social codes more generally and is probably reflective of the social space occupied by private school students. In sum, while students, parents, and teachers fairly consistently displayed a heavily gendered culture with regard to literacy, actual achievement levels, attitudes, home background, and literacy practice disconnected from that gendered culture. That is, there appears to be a subtle but important distinction between perception and reality in relation to the achievement of literacy.
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Reddington, John. "Re-examining educational risk prediction: The development of a parent screening inventory for children with learning difficulties at school entry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36594/1/36594_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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A parent screening instrument for learning difficulties (PSILD) was investigated clinically over three years with children referred for learning and behaviour problems. This established face validity for an instrument with eight sub-areas (i) SocioDemographic, (ii) Genetic, (iii) Pregnancy, (iv) Birth, (v) Early Illness, (vi) SpeechLanguage, (vii) Movement, (viii) Behaviour (Withdrawal - Social Competence, Anxiety-Depression, Conduct-Oppositional Disorder, Hyperactivity, Attention). To these were added the sub-areas of Early Education and Social Strength (resilience). PSILD was then trialled at school entry for usability, acceptability, cost effectiveness, and ease of administration by school personnel, in one private primary school, two state schools from low socio-economic areas, and a child health clinic. The clinic results showed a higher incidence of problems, providing further face validity. Usability, acceptability, cost effectiveness and ease of administration were seen to be satisfactory. Parent feedback led to deletions and modifications of the items and an A3 form was found to be quicker and easier to complete than an A4 form. A brief introductory letter to parents was also seen to help completion of the instrument. A computer-scored Feedback Sheet was constructed providing teachers with an overall risk level (1 - 9 scale; 1 =high risk; 9 =no risk) and sub-area risk levels (1 - 3 scale; risk, borderline, no risk). This laid the basis for the early identification of academic problems, besides remedial procedures and professional referrals.
PSILD, based on 305 items, was then completed by 422 parents and factor analysed by sub-area. The factors obtained were found to logically define the previously trialled PSILD sub-areas, providing construct validity. Items with a loading ofless than .3, were eliminated, reducing the total from 305 to 202 which enhanced content validity. Items were also eliminated which did not contribute to the Cronbach Alpha coefficient per sub-area. The resultant 170 items gave an average time of completion of 12.7 minutes. The overall Alpha coefficient (internal consistency) was .83 (.8295) (N = 215). Test-retest stability after a median period of 127 days was also .83 (.8329) (N = 81 ). Both these measures showed PSILD to have a high level of reliability.
Employing 215 children from six schools, a teacher instrument, the Pupil Rating Scale Revised (PRSR) and the Letter Identification Test (CLAY), given after nine months of schooling, were used as predictive instruments with PSILD and chronological age, against the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (Reading Sub-Test) (WIAT), given 21 months after school entry. PSILD was found to have a modest but significant correlation with WIAT (r = .34). When PSILD was reduced to five components (SUBPSILD) (Genetic, Pregnancy, Withdrawal, Early Education and parents' educational level), the level rose tor= .44. The PRSR and CLAY levels were .45 and .51 respectively. When SUBPSILD was combined with Auditory Comprehension and Memory (PRSRAUD), CLAY and age, multiple R reached .76 (variance 57 percent). Entering these components into a discriminant function analysis produced a hit rate of 91.2 percent and an odds ratio of 12.6 (12 < .0001). This result was superior to those of seven recent studies which also used multiple measures (Scarborough, 1998). SUBPSILD's level of prediction was shown to be equivalent to that of the teacher measure (PRSRAUD). A .25 correlation between the PSILD and PRSR behaviour subscales was similar to that of Achenbach et al. (1987) of .27 for 41 parent-teacher samples. This provided a potential basis for pervasive behavioural evaluation at nine months of schooling. Thus PSILD was shown to combine the roles of educational prediction with that of the early identification of academic and behavioural problems.
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Van, Tonder Phia. "WISC-IV performance of South African grade 7 English and Xhosa speaking children with advantaged versus disadvantaged education." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003920.
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Research reveals that the level as well as the quality of education plays a role in the determination of an individual's intellectual capacity. Substantial differences in quality of education for black and white individuals were experienced in South Africa due to Apartheid. Compared to the traditionally white Private and Model C schools, Township/ DET schools had limited resources, as well as a separate syllabus and examination system, a situation that has not improved substantially since democratisation in 1994. Research on black South African adults with the WAIS-III has confirmed significant influences on IQ in association with exposure to either such advantaged (Private/Model C) schooling, or disadvantaged (Township/DET) schooling. However to date there has been no published research on the use of the Wechsler intelligence tests on a black South African child population similarly stratified for quality of education. Therefore, for the purposes of this study, the latest Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) was administered to a sample of 36 Grade 7 learners between the ages of 12-13 (mean 13.01 years), stratified for quality of education to form three comparative groups. Data analyses revealed significant differences on the WISC-IV Factor Indices and Full Scale IQ with the English speaking Private/Model C school group performing the best, followed by the Xhosa speaking Private/ Model C school group, and the Xhosa speaking Township/ DET school group performing the worst. This continuum of lowering is understood to occur abreast of a continuum of decreased exposure to relatively advantaged education. These normative indications are considered to have vital implications for the use of the WISC-IV in the South African cross-cultural situation where vastly differential educational opportunities continue to exist.
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Miller, Linda. "Mobility as an Element of Learning Styles: The Effect its Inclusion or Exculsion has on Student Performance in the Standardized Testing Environment." UNF Digital Commons, 1985. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/693.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mobility and the standardized testing environment. The project focused on nine students who had a pronounced need for movement while learning and/or being tested. The study was conducted to determine whether the achievement scores of these nine students would be influenced by the denial or availability of movement while they were administered a standardized reading test. Twenty-one second grade students were the subjects. Two forms of Level B of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test were used. All subjects were tested in a traditional environment with no movement allowed. The same subjects were then tested at a later time in a mobile environment with movement and change of location permitted. The Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank Test was used as the statistical base. Results showed a .05 significance. Of the nine mobile students, six scored equally as well or better when placed in a mobile testing environment.
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DeLeon, Adam James. "A curriculum of non-routine problems in the middle school." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2592.
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This project is a study to determine if a group of middle school students can improve their problem solving ability by means of curriculum of nonroutine problems that was presented over a six month period.
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Van, der Merwe Adele. "A comparison of WISC-IV test performance for Afrikaans, English and Xhosa speaking South African grade 7 learners." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002585.
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his study builds on South African cross-cultural research which demonstrated the importance of careful stratification of multicultural/multilingual normative samples for quality of education in respect of English and African language (predominantly Xhosa) speaking adults and children tested with the WAIS-III and WISC-IV, respectively. The aim of the present study was to produce an expanded set of preliminary comparative norms on the WISC-IV for white and coloured Afrikaans, white English and black Xhosa speaking Grade 7 children, aged 12 to 13 years, stratified for advantaged versus disadvantaged education. The results of this study replicate the findings of the prior South African cross-cultural studies in respect of quality of education, as groups with advantaged private/former Model C schooling outperformed those with disadvantaged former DET or HOR township schooling. Furthermore, a downward continuum of WISC-IV IQ test performance emerged as follows: 1) white English advantaged (high average), 2) white Afrikaans advantaged and black Xhosa advantaged (average), 3) coloured Afrikaans advantaged (below average), 4) black Xhosa disadvantaged (borderline), and 5) coloured Afrikaans disadvantaged (extremely low). The present study has demonstrated that while language and ethnic variables reveal subtle effects on IQ test performance, quality of education has the most significant effect – impacting significantly on verbal performance with this effect replicated in respect of the FSIQ. Therefore caution should be exercised in interpreting test results of individuals from different language/ethnic groups, and in particular those with disadvantaged schooling, as preliminary data suggest that these individuals achieve scores which are 20 – 35 points lower than the UK standardisation.
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Coldebella, Cristiane. "Aplicação da baropodometria no desenvolvimento de um protocolo de avaliação motora em crianças nascidas pré-termo após a aquisição da marcha." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2644.
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O nascimento prematuro contribui significativamente para o aumento de morbidades associadas ao desenvolvimento motor, tornando fundamental o acompanhamento contínuo destas crianças. Desta forma, a avaliação baropodométrica, por consistir em um método quantitativo de controle postural pode trazer vantagens para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor de crianças. Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de avaliação motora através dos dados e índices baropodométricos em crianças nascidas pré-termo. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, onde foram avaliadas 103 crianças entre 24 e 59 meses. Destas, 40 nascidas pré-termo e 63 crianças nascidas a termo. Durante a seleção da amostra, foi preenchida uma ficha de avaliação correspondente ao pré-termo grupo e um questionário com relatos dos pais no grupo a termo. Após, foram aferidos massa corporal e estatura, seguida da aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor. Por fim, a baropodometria foi realizada na forma estática, em três repetições, os quais consistiram de 5 segundos de adaptação da criança dobre a placa e 30 segundos onde foram aferidos dados de análise estática: pressão plantar e área do centro de oscilação corporal. Após, as pressões plantares foram transformadas em índices, o índice ânteroposterior foi definido pelas pressões plantares anterior e posterior: IAP= 1-2*│0,6-P│; e o índice látero-lateral, por sua vez, foi definido pelas pressões plantares laterais direita e esquerda: ILL= 1-│LD-LE│. Após a avaliação os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade das distribuições de Shapiro-Wilk, após verificada a distribuição não-normal, foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney para verificar diferença entre os grupos, a associação entre os valores obtidos pelo baropodômetro, Escala do Desenvolvimento Motor, e as principais características e intercorrências do grupo pré-termo foi verificada através da correlação de Spearman. Foi observada diferença significativa nos valores de ILL (p=0,000) entre crianças nascidas a termo e crianças nascidas pré-termo, e que esta diferença possui correlação moderada com a idade gestacional (ρ=0,304), em relação ao centro de oscilação de pressão, crianças nascidas a termo apresentaram menor oscilação quando comparado a idade cronológica (ρ=-0,354), sendo que esta relação foi contrária em crianças nascidas pré-termo (ρ=0,336). Quando analisado somente o grupo pré-termo, foi verificado que o ILL apresentou correlação moderada e inversa com o tempo de internação (ρ=-0,353) e com o tempo de ventilação mecânica (ρ=-0,317) e a aérea do centro de oscilação de pressão apresentou correlação moderada e direta com o tempo de ventilação não invasiva (ρ=0,341). A massa ao nascer apresentou correlação moderada com o ILL (ρ=0,359) e também com a idade motora (ρ=0,323) e o quociente motor (ρ=0,341) e correlação forte com a IG (ρ=0,898) em contrapartida o peso atual apresentou correlação moderada com o quociente motor (ρ=0,310), e a IG (ρ=0,381) e correlação forte com a idade motora (ρ=0,555) e a idade cronológica (ρ=0,613). Houve diferença significativa em relação a idade de aquisição da marcha das crianças que precisaram de acompanhamento fisioterapêutico das que não precisaram (p=0,013). Um índice ILL menor em prematuros, pode estar relacionado ao tempo de internação e ventilação mecânica, além da massa ao nascer, já a maior aérea do centro de oscilação de pressão possui correlação com o tempo de ventilação não invasiva. Também pode-se perceber que a massa atual e a idade cronológica influenciaram mais no desenvolvimento motor que a massa ao nascer e a idade gestacional em crianças prematuras.Preterm birth contributes significantly to the increase of morbidities associated with motor development, making essential the continuous monitoring of these children. Thus, baropodometry analysis by consisting of a quantitative method for postural control can be advantageous for the diagnosis and monitoring of engine development of children. This study aimed to develop a motor evaluation protocol through the data and baropodometric indexes in preterm infants. It was a descriptive study, which were evaluated 103 children between 24 and 59 months. Of these, 40 preterm and 63 term infants. During the sample selection was completed an evaluation form with data from medical records corresponding to the pre-term group and a questionnaire to parents on group term. After, body mass and height were measured, then the implementation of the Motor Development Scale. Finally, baropodometry was held in static form, with three replicates, which consisted of 5 seconds of child adjustment bend the plate and 30 seconds which were measured static analysis data: plantar pressure and pressure swing center area. After, the plantar pressures were transformed into indexes, the anteroposterior index was defined by the anterior and posterior plantar pressures: API = 1-2 * │0,6-P│; and side side index, in turn, defined by the right and left side planter pressure: SSI = 1- │RS-LS│. After evaluating, the data were submitted to normality test of Shapiro-Wilk distributions, being checked the non-normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used to verify differences between groups, the association between the values obtained by baropodometry analysis, Motor Development Scale, and the main characteristics and complications of preterm group was verified by Spearman correlation. Significant difference in the values of SSI (p = 0.000) among term infants and infants born preterm were observed, and this difference has moderate correlation with gestational age (ρ = 0.304) compared to the pressure oscillation center , full-term babies showed less fluctuation compared to chronological age (ρ = -0.354), and this relationship was contrary in preterm children (ρ = 0.336).When only analyzed the preterm group, it was found that the SSI had moderate and inverse correlation with the length of stay (ρ = -0.353) and the duration of mechanical ventilation (ρ = -0.317) and the air oscillation center pressure showed moderate and direct correlation with noninvasive ventilation time (ρ = 0.341).The mass at birth showed moderate correlation with SSI (ρ = 0.359) and also with the motor age (ρ = 0.323) and the ratio engine (ρ = 0.341) and strong correlation with gestational age (ρ = 0.898) in contrast current weight showed moderate correlation with the motor quotient (ρ = 0.310) and gestational age(ρ = 0.381) and strong correlation with the motor age (ρ = 0.555) and chronological age (ρ = 0.613). There was significant difference in the age of acquisition of march of the children who needed physical therapy monitoring of those who did not needed (p = 0.013). A smaller SSI index in premature infants, may be related to hospitalization time and mechanical ventilation, in addition to mass at birth, already the largest air pressure oscillation center has correlation with noninvasive ventilation time.It may also be seen that the current mass and chronological age influenced more motor development than the mass at birth and gestational age in preterm children.
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Dallegrave, Caroline Paola Mickosz. "Proposta de uma unidade terapêutica domiciliar baseada no protocolo PediaSuit." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1021.
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Introdução:O comprometimento de determinados grupos musculares e alterações sensório motoras são algumas das características apresentadas por crianças com paralisia cerebral, fazendo-se necessária a utilização de andadores e estabilizadores para auxiliar no ortostatismo e na marcha desses pacientes. Atualmente, existem equipamentos que favorecem estes aspectos, porém o custo ainda é bastante alto, tornando-os inacessíveis a uma grande parcela da população. Com o intuito de se apresentar uma alternativa de qualidade e custo reduzido, desenvolveu-se na UTFPR um andador/ estabilizador baseado no protocolo PediaSuit™, confeccionado em PVC. O suporte é dado através de elastômeros fixados a um cinto, permitindo assim uma marcha mais próxima do natural. Objetivo: Avaliar a marcha e a postura de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral a partir do uso de uma Unidade Terapêutica Domiciliar de baixo custo e baixa mecanização. Método: Foram realizados testes visando analisar a resistência mecânica do material utilizado e ensaios com o protótipo construído. O PVC mostrou ser um material com alta resistência nos testes de flexão e impacto. A massa máxima suportada pelo andador no teste realizado foi de aproximadamente 226 kg. Após a avaliação do equipamento, três crianças foram filmadas utilizando o andador em PVC e um andador comum. Aspectos da marcha e da postura foram avaliados por trinta fisioterapeutas através desses vídeos.Resultados: O andador em PVC apresentou melhores resultados em relação a todos os aspectos da marcha avaliados, promovendo uma deambulação mais próxima do normal. Em relação à resistência mecânica, os ensaios mostram que o PVC Ø32mm é um material adequado para a confecção de equipamentos de tecnologia assistiva, por ser capaz de suportar cargas elevadas sem se romper. A utilização desse material também proporcionou uma redução significativa no custo final do equipamentoIntroduction: The involvement of certain muscle groups and sensorimotor deficits are some of the characteristics displayed by children with cerebral palsy, making necessary the use of stabilizers and gait trainers to assist posture and gait of those patients. There are assistive technology devices that promote these aspects, but the cost is still quite high, making them inaccessible to most people. In order to present an alternative with lower cost, a PVC stabilizer/ gait trainer based on PediaSuit™ protocol was developed at UTFPR and Vitória Research Center. The support is provided by elastomers fixed to a belt, thereby allowing a more natural gait pattern. Objective: To evaluate the gait and posture of children with cerebral palsy during the use of a low cost/ low mechanization Therapy Unit Homecare. Method: Some tests were carried out to determine the strength of the prototype and the material itself. PVC proved to be a material with high strength in bending and impact tests. The maximum mass supported by the walker in the test conducted was approximately 226 kg. After evaluating the equipment, images of three children using a reguar gait trainer and the PVC home care unit were taken. Aspects of gait and posture were analysed by thirty physiotherapists through these videos. Results: The PVC home care unit showed better results in regarding all aspects of gait evaluated by promoting closer to normal gait. The mechanical strength tests show that PVC Ø32mm is a suitable material for fabrication of assistive technology equipment, to be able to withstand high loads without breaking. The use of this material also provided a significant reduction in the final cost of the product.
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Nyh, Johan. "From Snow White to Frozen : An evaluation of popular gender representation indicators applied to Disney’s princess films." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36877.
Full textAbstract:
Simple content analysis methods, such as the Bechdel test and measuring percentage of female talk time or characters, have seen a surge of attention from mainstream media and in social media the last couple of years. Underlying assumptions are generally shared with the gender role socialization model and consequently, an importance is stated, due to a high degree to which impressions from media shape in particular young children’s identification processes. For young girls, the Disney Princesses franchise (with Frozen included) stands out as the number one player commercially as well as in customer awareness. The vertical lineup of Disney princesses spans from the passive and domestic working Snow White in 1937 to independent and super-power wielding princess Elsa in 2013, which makes the line of films an optimal test subject in evaluating above-mentioned simple content analysis methods. As a control, a meta-study has been conducted on previous academic studies on the same range of films. The sampled research, within fields spanning from qualitative content analysis and semiotics to coded content analysis, all come to the same conclusions regarding the general changes over time in representations of female characters. The objective of this thesis is to answer whether or not there is a correlation between these changes and those indicated by the simple content analysis methods, i.e. whether or not the simple popular methods are in general coherence with the more intricate academic methods.Betyg VG (skala IG-VG)
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Shiell, Janet Lillian. "A meta-analysis of Feuerstein’s Instrumental Enrichment." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13232.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Instrumental Enrichment,
an educational program developed by Reuven Feuerstein, which attempts to improve an
individual's ability to reason. A meta-analysis was performed on studies that had been conducted
between the years 1979 to 1996. Thirty-six studies were analyzed according to their results from
measurements in the cognitive/visual-perceptual, academic achievement and affective domains.
The results from the meta-analysis were mixed.
There were significant combined effect sizes of 0.24 for non-verbal ability, 1.41 for
verbal ability, and 0.60 for one combination of full-scale ability. Significant effect sizes for
measures of visual perception and visual-motor ability were 0.42, 0.71 and 1.68. There were
also significant effect sizes for general achievement and for one combination of math
achievement at 0.26 and 0.29 respectively. The intellectual achievement locus of control effect
size was significant at 0.33. (Cohen (1988) considers an effect size of 0.20 to be small, that of
0.50 to be of medium size, and that of 0.80 to be large.)
All effect sizes for reading were non-significant as was that for the Learning Potential
Assessment Device. All other measures, such as those for self-confidence, self-concept,
motivation and attitudes, in the affective domain were non-significant. One effect size for
motivation and attitudes was significantly negative, indicating that the control group outperformed
the treatment group.
The results are discussed in terms of near- and far-transfer of learning.
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Gallegos, Guajardo Julia 1979. "Preventing childhood anxiety and depression : testing the effectiveness of a school-based program in México." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18005.
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A growing number of school-aged children experience or are at risk for myriad psychological and behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression that interfere with their interpersonal relationships, school performance, and potential to become productive citizens--hence, the critical nature of early prevention and intervention in schools. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of AMISTAD, a social and emotional program focusing on the prevention of anxiety and depression of four groups of students. Eight schools from a northern city in México were randomly selected and assigned to either an intervention or monitoring condition. Sixteen teachers implemented the intervention, and 16 served as control. Participants were 1,030 fourth- and fifth-grade students (ages 9-11), including 131 children with learning disabilities (LD). Children in the intervention group received the program and learned about relaxation techniques, coping with difficulties, positive thinking, and interpersonal skills, among others. For analysis, the sample was divided into four nonoverlapping groups: children diagnosis-free for anxiety and non-LD, children at risk for anxiety and non-LD, children at risk for anxiety with LD, and children diagnosis-free for anxiety with LD. The impact of the program was evaluated immediately after the intervention and after 6 months. Results showed statistically significant improvements of small impact for the overall sample and for children diagnosis-free for anxiety and non-LD, in that those receiving the program decreased the severity of their depressive symptoms, the number of children at risk for depression decreased, and these children increased their proactive coping skills. For children already showing risk for anxiety and/or LD, the program in the current format did not produce meaningful changes. Therefore, adaptations regarding culture, mode of delivery, and content should be incorporated in order to better meet these children’s needs. Finally, this study confirms the importance of prevention, as in the current study, almost 1 out of 5 children reported clinical depression, and it appears that without intervention, these symptoms will escalate over time.text
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Chang, Mei. "Joint confirmatory factor analysis of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, third edition, and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, fifth edition, with a preschool population." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1652227.
Full textAbstract:
Significant evidence from the legislation, medical/clinical, or professional practice
perspective all points to the advantages and necessity of conducting comprehensive assessment of cognitive abilities, especially in young children, to identify cognitive deficits, arrive at an
accurate diagnosis, and establish bases for developing interventions and recommending services.
Cross-battery assessment approach provides school psychologists a useful tool to strengthen their preferred cognitive battery by adopting and comparing subtests from other batteries to build up a
comprehensive and theoretically sound evaluation of an individual’s cognitive profile to increase the validity of test interpretation. Using joint confirmatory factor analysis, this study explored the
combined underlying construct validity of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, Third Edition (WJ-III COG) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5) with an independent sample of preschool children. Seven models were examined and the results showed that relatively, the underlying construct of the two tests was best represented by a threestratum alternative CHC model in which the Gf factor and subtests had been removed. This indicates that not all the CHC constructs shared by both tests can be reliably identified among young children. Constructs of the CHC theory may be represented differently on preschool
cognitive batteries due to developmental influences. Although WJ-III COG and SB5 tests as a whole did not demonstrate good results for purposes of cross-battery assessment, certain subtests
(e.g., subtests representing crystallized intelligence) from each battery offer interpretative value for individual broad ability factors, providing school psychologists an in-depth understanding of
a preschooler’s crystallized knowledge. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted with subtests from WJ-III COG and SB5 representing the four shared broad factors (Gc, Gf, Gv, and Gsm). Results revealed that a 4-factor solution is a better model fit to the data. Future research includes recruiting young children with disabilities or special needs to explore best representative underlying construct of combined WJ-III COG and SB5, allowing for cross-battery assessment.Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only
Department of Educational Psychology
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Hargrave, Jennifer Leann. "The relationship between executive functions and broad written language skills in students ages 12 to 14 years old." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2060.
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Wu, Pei Chen, and 吳珮甄. "The Study of Correlation among Evaluation Standards Cognition, Professional Commitment and Compliance Behavior of Children Protection Services Evaluation-from Children Social Workers View." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10019855604491531308.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
社會工作學系
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In social welfare services area, children protection services has its own specialty, by the norms of the Act, children social workers is the first line of defense in the protection business in public sector. With the development of the social work profession, the issues of accountability are increasingly important, evaluation play an important role in order to grasp the quality of social services. This study aims to explore children social workers in the implementation of children protection services evaluation, for the correlation among evaluation standards cognitive, professional commitment and compliance behavior. In this survey, 175 questionnaires were sent out, 91 were returned, 83 were valid. The rate of the effective response is 52%. After the statistical analysis, we found out the following points: 1. Policy: children social workers in the evaluation process, compared to concern evaluation is able to respond to the needs of clients, they are more concerned with the evaluation process in their own rights and interests are protected. 2. Theory: value will affect the behavior of decision-making in the evaluation compliance behavior or professional commitment theories are considered. 3. Practice: the implementation of the evaluation of the boundary is blurred with the treatment of children social workers of the public sector, so the evaluation is able to implement will being challenged. According to the research results, this study suggests the following recommendations: 1. Improve the children protection services staffing. 2. Enhance the professional knowledge and accountability through professional training of children social worker. 3. Welfare assessment should promote the practice and administrative links. Key words: Children Social Work, Children Protection Services, Evaluation Standards, Compliance Behavior, Professional Commitment.
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"The effects of music training on memory of children." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890695.
Full textAbstract:
Yim-chi Ho."Running head: Effects of music training on memory of children."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-65).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT (English Version) --- p.ii
ABSTRACT (Chinese Version) --- p.iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii
Chapter CHAPTER I - --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER II - --- METHOD --- p.13
Chapter CHAPTER III - --- RESULTS --- p.19
Chapter CHAPTER IV - --- DISCUSSION --- p.42
REFERENCES --- p.51
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Giroux, Deborah Mittanck. "Identifying depressed children : a qualitative analysis of child and parent responses to depression screening and assessment." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18320.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative interview study explored the responses of child participants and their primary caregivers to the experience of completing a multi-stage screening process designed to identify depressed youth. Participants were sixteen girls ages 9 to 11 and caregivers of twelve of the girls. The child participants selected for this study were those who reported symptoms of a depressive disorder at the initial stages of screening without receiving diagnosis of a depressive disorder at the final stage of screening. Qualitative interviews were completed separately with child participants and their caregivers using a semi-structured interview format. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze interview transcripts and generate an integrated explanation of child and caregiver responses to depression screening and assessment (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Results of this study indicate that depression screening and assessment serves the function of creating a forum for the child perspective by raising the child‘s emotional state and concerns to the attention of both the child and the parent. The child participants in this study reported experiencing emotional distress or a sense of burden prior to the first stage of screening. A process of reflecting on their emotions, beliefs, and stressors began as child participants completed screening questionnaires, followed by a sense of relief or improved mood in response to talking with interviewers during a brief interview. The forum for the child perspective expanded as parents received interviewer feedback about child emotions and concerns and began to assess the information in light of their own observations and situational factors. The extent to which parent and child maintained the forum for the child perspective through sustained communication about the child‘s emotions and concerns influenced the type and intensity of interventions subsequently introduced by parents. The chief means through which depression screening affected the child participants was through enhancing their understanding of themselves, promoting positive coping processes, facilitating parent/child communication, and influencing parent perceptions and the parenting agenda.text
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Awuah, Francis Kwadwo. "Grade 12 learner's problem-solving skills in probability." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25585.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the problem-solving skills of Grade 12 learners in probability. A total of 490 Grade 12 learners from seven schools, categorised under four quintiles (socioeconomic factors) were purposefully selected for the study. The mixed method research methodology was employed in the study. Bloom’s taxonomy and the aspects of probability enshrined in the Mathematics Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document of 2011 were used as a framework of analysis. A cognitive test developed by the researcher was used as an instrument to collect data from learners. The instrument used for data collection passed the test of validity and reliability. Quantitative data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data collected from learners was analysed by performing a content analysis of learners’ scripts. The study found that the learners in this study were more proficient in the use of Venn diagrams as an aid in solving probability problems than in using tree diagrams and contingency tables as aids in solving these problems. Results of the study also showed that with the exception of Bloom's taxonomy synthesis level, learners in Quintile 4 (fee-paying schools) had statistically significant (P-value < 0.05) higher achievement scores than learners in Quintiles 1 to 3, (i.e. non-fee-paying schools) at the levels of knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis and evaluation of Bloom’s taxonomy.
Contrary to expectations, it was revealed that the achievement of the learners in probability in this study decreased from Quintile 1 to Quintile 3 in all but the synthesis level of Bloom's taxonomy. Based on these findings, the study argued that the quintile ranking of schools in South Africa may be a useful but not a perfect means of categorisation to help improve learner achievement. Furthermore, learners in the study demonstrated three main error types, namely computational error, procedural error and structural error. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that regular content-specific professional development be given to all teachers, especially on newly introduced topics, to enhance effective teaching and learning.Mathematics Education
Ph. D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)
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Gould, Judy. "An evaluation of assessment instruments in the measurement of the spoken communication skills of rural aboriginal children." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148000.
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