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Gabriel, Kara Irene. "Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure and postnatal handling on cognition/behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress responsiveness in Sprague-Dawley rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ56547.pdf.
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Ryan, Heather E. "Marijuana use and its cognitive effects." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337204.
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The present study compared three commonly used cognitive screeners: the Test of Cognitive Skills – Second Edition (TCS-2), the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), the Wide Range Achievement Test – Third editions (WRAT3) and the impact of marijuana use on these screeners in a population of juvenile delinquents. One hundred records (67 males and 33 females) were selected from archival data at the Allen County Juvenile Center. Results from this study found, that as predicted, individuals who tested positive for marijuana performed significantly worse on all subtests of the TCS-2, on the Verbal and Composite Score of the K-BIT, and the Spelling subtest of the WRAT3 than individuals who tested negative for marijuana use. The results of this study support the notion that marijuana can impair cognitive abilities in a group of adolescents.Department of Psychological Science
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Goble, David. "The impact of low to moderate alcohol consumption on different types of human performance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006042.
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Despite extensive research into the effects of alcohol consumption, there is no clear understanding into the mechanisms underlying human information processing impairment. The acute consumption of alcohol was investigated to determine the implications for human information processing capabilities, and to identify the extent to which these implications were stage-specific. Further aims included the investigation and quantification of caffeine-induced antagonism of alcohol impairment. Moreover, the aforementioned relationships were investigated in morning versus evening conditions. A test battery of six resource-specific tasks was utilised to measure visual perceptual, cognitive and sensory-motor performance, fashioned to return both simple and complex measures of each task. The tasks implemented were: visual perceptual performance (accommodation, visual detection, visual pattern recognition); cognition (memory recall- digit span); and motor output (modified Fitts‟ and a driving simulated line-tracking). Performance measures were recorded by the respective computer based tasks. Physiological variables measured included heart rate frequency, heart rate variability (RMSSD, High and Low Frequency Power) and body temperature. Saccade speed, saccade amplitude, pupil size and fixation duration were the oculomotor parameters measured. Three groups of participants (alcohol, caffeine+alcohol and control) n=36 were studied, split evenly between sexes in a mixed repeated/non-repeated measures design. The control group performed all test batteries under no influence. The alcohol group performed test batteries one and two sober, and three and four under the influence of a 0.4 g/kg dose of alcohol. Group caffeine+alcohol conducted test battery one sober, two under the effect of caffeine only (4 mg/kg), and three and four under the influence of both caffeine and alcohol (0.4 g/kg). The third test battery demonstrated the effects of alcohol during the inclining phase of the blood alcohol curve, and the fourth represented the declining phase. Morning experimentation occurred between 10:00 - 12: 45 and 10:30 -13:15 with evening experimentation between 19:00 - 21:30 and 19:30 - 22:00. Acute alcohol consumption at a dose of approximately 0.4 g/kg body weight effected an average peak breath alcohol concentration of 0.062 % and 0.059 % for the alcohol and caffeine+alcohol groups respectively. Task-related visual perceptual performance demonstrated significant decrements for simple reaction time, choice reaction time and error rate. Cognitive performance demonstrated no significant performance decrements, while motor performance indicated significant decrements in target accuracy only. Physiological parameters in response to alcohol consumption showed significantly decreased heart rate variability (RMSSD) in the modified Fitts‟ task only. A significant decrease in saccade amplitude in the memory task was the only change in oculomotor parameters. Prior caffeine consumption demonstrated limited antagonism to task-related alcohol impairment, significantly improving performance only in reduced error rate while reading. Caffeine consumption showed stimulating effects on physiological parameters, significantly increasing heart rate and heart rate variability when compared to alcohol alone. The design of the tasks allows for comparison between complex and simple task performance, indicating resource utilisation and depletion. Complex tasks demonstrated higher resource utilisation, however with no statistical performance differences to simple tasks. Physiological parameters showed greater change in response to alcohol consumption, than did the performance measures. Alcohol consumption imposed significant changes in physiological and oculomotor parameters for cognitive tasks only, significantly increasing heart rate frequency and decreasing heart rate variability, skin temperature and saccade amplitude. Caffeine consumption showed no antagonism of alcohol-induced performance measures. Physiological measures showed that caffeine consumption imposed stimulating effects in only the neural reflex and memory tasks, significantly increasing heart rate frequency and heart rate variability. Prior caffeine consumption significantly decreased fixation duration in the memory task only. The time of day at which alcohol was consumed demonstrated significant performance and physiological implications. Results indicated that morning consumption of alcohol imposes greater decrements in performance and larger fluctuations in physiological parameters than the decrements in evening experimental sessions. It can be concluded that alcohol consumption at a dose of 0.4 g/kg affects all stages in the information processing chain. Task performance indicates that alcohol has a greater severity on the early stages of information processing. Conversely, under the influence of alcohol an increased task complexity induces greater effects on central stage information processing. In addition, caffeine consumption at a dose of 4 mg/kg prior to alcohol does not antagonise the alcohol-induced performance decrements.
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Newton, Sunni Haag. "The effects of caffeine on cognitive fatigue." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31799.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Dr. Phillip L. Ackerman; Committee Member: Dr. Paul Corballis; Committee Member: Dr. Ruth Kanfer. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Kedzior, Karina Karolina. "Chronic cannabis use and attention-modulated prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0027.
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Background. Various studies show that cannabis use alters attention and cognitive functioning in healthy humans and may contribute to development of schizophrenia or worsening of pre-existing psychosis. However, the impact of cannabis use on brain function in humans is not well understood. Schizophrenia is associated with a deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI), the normal inhibition of the startle reflex by a non-startling stimulus (prepulse), presented before the startle stimulus at short time intervals (lead-time intervals). Such PPI deficit is thought to reflect a sensorimotor gating dysfunction in schizophrenia. PPI is also modulated by attention and PPI reduction in schizophrenia is observed when patients are asked to attend to, not ignore, the stimuli producing PPI. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between self-reported chronic cannabis use and attentional modulation of PPI in healthy controls and in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the association between cannabis use and other startle reflex modulators, including prepulse facilitation (PPF) of the startle reflex magnitude at long lead-time intervals, prepulse facilitation of the startle reflex onset latency and habituation of the startle reflex magnitude, were examined. Method. Auditory-evoked electromyographic signals were recorded from orbicularis oculi muscles in chronic cannabis users (29 healthy controls and 5 schizophrenia patients) and non-users (22 controls and 14 patients). The data for 36 participants (12 non-user controls, 16 healthy cannabis users, and eight non-user patients) were used in the final analyses and the patient data were used as a pilot study, because relatively few participants met the rigorous exclusionary criteria. Participants were instructed to attend to or to ignore either the startle stimuli alone (70 100 dB) or prepulse (70 dB) and startle stimuli (100 dB) separated by short lead-time intervals (20 200 ms) and long lead-time intervals (1600 ms). In order to ignore the auditory stimuli the participants played a visually guided hand-held computer game. A pilot study showed that the response component of playing the game had no effects on attentional modulation of the startle reflex magnitude and onset latency. Results. Relative to controls, cannabis use in healthy humans was associated with a reduction in PPI similar to that observed in schizophrenia while attending to stimuli, and with an attention-dependent dysfunction in the startle reflex magnitude habituation. While ignoring the stimuli there were no statistical differences in PPI between cannabis users and controls, although PPI in cannabis users tended to differ from that of the patients. The reduction in PPI in cannabis users was correlated with the increased duration of cannabis use, in years, but not with the concentration of cannabinoid metabolites in urine or with the recency of cannabis use in the preceding 24 hours. Furthermore, cannabis use was not associated with any differences in PPF, onset latency facilitation, and startle reflex magnitude in the absence of prepulses. The accuracy of self-reports of substance use was also investigated in this study and was found to be excellent. In addition, the study examined the validity of the substance use module of the diagnostic interview, CIDI-Auto 2.1, which was found to be acceptable for cannabis misuse diagnoses (abuse and/or dependence). Finally, cannabis dependence was found to be associated with more diagnoses of mental illness other than schizophrenia (mainly depression). Conclusions. The results of the current study suggest that chronic cannabis use is associated with schizophrenia-like deficit in PPI in otherwise healthy humans. This PPI reduction is associated with attentional impairment rather than a global sensorimotor gating deficit in healthy cannabis users.
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Cader, Sarah. "Cognitive function in multiple sclerosis and its modulation by cholinergic drugs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d07ad815-4fc6-43b7-96dc-97a2705d6c6a.
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In order to assess cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the effect of cholinergic modulation, experiments were conducted using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the brain activation during cognitive tasks. A study comparing the processing of verbal working memory with an N-back task found that patients showed smaller increase in activation than healthy controls with greater task difficulty, suggesting a reduced functional reserve. Controls and patients showed differences of correlations between brain regions activated. Interactions between prefrontal regions may provide an adaptive mechanism that could limit clinical expression of the disease distinct from recruitment of novel processing regions. The effect of Rivastigmine on the cognitive processing in MS patients was tested in a longitudinal study, involving serial fMRI scans. Changes in the brain activation patterns were demonstrated with drug administration, without any changes in behavioural measures. Rivastigmine may act to increase the functioning of the normal neural network reducing the need for previously recruited compensatory mechanisms in MS patients. A study on healthy subjects examined the effect of cholinergic inhibition on cognitive processing and brain activation. Changes in functional activation due to Hyoscine during verbal working memory were found analogous to that in MS patients without any changes in behavioural measures. Processes that potentially impair brain cognitive function may recruit similar compensatory functional adaptive mechanisms. Studies on rats and MS patients explored the effect of Rivastigmine on the relationship of the BOLD fMRI signal with the underlying neural activity. Rivastigmine may be influencing the cortical excitability after direct cortical stimulation but showed only a small effect on the BOLD signal under more physiological neural activity. The neural activity in response to visual stimulation is slightly increased with Rivastigmine in MS patients, a change not detected with functional imaging. These studies suggest that changes in BOLD signal do represent sufficiently large changes of underlying neural activity in the presence of Rivastigmine. The relationship of damage in MS to measures of connectivity was studied using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Correlation was found between measures of connectivity and callosal size, a measure of fibre loss. The distribution of lesions was spatially correlated with changes in connectivity due to MS. Thus DTI could be utilized to explore the connectivity changes associated with MS, and the relationship with changes in functional activation.
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Attoh, mensah Kouakou. "Risques de chutes et de troubles cognitifs consécutifs à la consommation de certains médicaments chez les seniors : approche translationnelle Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Adults 55 Years or Older: A Risk for Impaired Global Cognition, Executive Function, and Mobility Adverse Effects of Anticholinergic Drugs on Cognition and Mobility: Cutoff for Impairment in a Cross-Sectional Study in Young-Old and Old-Old Adults : Chronic tramadol administration impairs reversal learning in a touchscreen-based visual discrimination task in mice." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC427.
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Les psychotropes et les médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques (anti-muscariniques) ont été associés aux risques de chute et de troubles cognitifs chez les séniors. Nos travaux avaient pour but de mieux comprendre le rôle de ces médicaments dans les phénomènes de troubles de la mobilité et de troubles cognitifs. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré que la consommation de 2 psychotropes ou plus par jour et/ou d’1 seul médicament à propriétés anticholinergiques par jour, dès la charge anticholinergique minimale, est associée à un déficit lors de tests d’évaluation de la marche et de la cognition chez une population de séniors dès l’âge de 55 ans. En ce qui concerne les médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques, ces effets néfastes sur la marche et sur la cognition étaient plus prononcés chez les personnes âgées de 75 ans ou plus. Les fonctions exécutives étaient sévèrement affectées par ces deux types de médicaments qui semblaient d’ailleurs affecter la mobilité via ce dysfonctionnement exécutif. Nous avons par ailleurs montré que, parmi les médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques les plus prescrits dans notre population de séniors, la consommation de tramadol, un antalgique de palier 2, était le plus associé à des effets néfastes sur la marche et la cognition. Il est toutefois difficile d’affirmer que ces effets observés sont dus exclusivement à la consommation du tramadol en raison de la polymédication présente chez les sujets. Pour identifier les médicaments les plus à risque, les études chez l’animal, dans lesquelles l’administration de médicaments peut être contrôlée, peuvent être d’un grand intérêt. C’est ainsi que, dans un second temps, nous avons montré que l’administration chronique de tramadol altère les fonctions exécutives telles que mesurées par un test de flexibilité cognitive chez la souris jeune adulte. L’ensemble de ces résultats devraient alerter les médecins sur le fait qu’il est crucial de réduire la polymédication de psychotropes d’une part, et la prescription de tout type de médicaments à propriétés anticholinergiques d’autre part, chez les séniors, dès l’âge de 55 ans. Il faudrait également prendre des mesures qui visent à prescrire des traitements alternatifs chaque fois que cela est possible. En ce qui concerne le tramadol, ces résultats suggèrent la nécessité de renforcer toutes les mesures qui ont été prises récemment pour lutter contre le mésusage de cet antalgiquePsychotropic drugs and drugs with anticholinergic properties (anti-muscarinics) have been associated with risks of falls and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Our work aimed at improving knowledge about the role of these drugs in gait and cognitive impairment. We first showed that daily consumption of 2 or more psychotropic drugs per day and / or only 1 drug with anticholinergic properties, regardless of its anticholinergic burden, is associated with impaired scores on gait and cognitive test in a population of seniors from the age of 55 years. With regard to drugs with anticholinergic properties, these adverse effects were more pronounced in people aged 75 years or older. Executive functions were the severely affected by these drugs consumption. We have also shown that among the most prescribed drugs with anticholinergic properties, the consumption of tramadol, a level 2 analgesic, was the most associated with harmful effects on gait and cognition. However, it is difficult to ascertain that these observed adverse effects are solely driven by the consumption of tramadol due to the polypharmacy in this population. To identify the drugs most at risk, animal studies, in which the administration of drugs can be controlled, may be of great interest. Hence, as a second step, we showed that the chronic administration of tramadol impairs executive functions as measured by cognitive flexibility in young adult mice. Altogether these results should alert physicians on the fact that it is crucial to reduce polypharmacy of psychotropic drugs as well as the prescription of all types of drugs with anticholinergic properties. Alternative treatments should be prioritized as soon as possible. With regard to tramadol, these results suggest the need to strengthen the measures taken recently to combat the misuse of this analgesic
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Niyuhire, Floride. "Effect of repeated dosing of Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, on memory in mice." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1488.
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Purpose: Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. However, marijuana and cannabinoid derivatives have potential therapeutic uses. Studies in cannabis users have yielded contradictory results with regard to long-term effects on cognitive functions. There is no prospective study assessing this issue, and such studies may raise ethical issues in humans, whereas mice have been shown to exhibit similar cannabinoid-mediated behaviors as humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of chronic administration of Δ9-THC, the major psychoactive component of marijuana, in a mouse memory model. Methods: In Experiment 1, the dose-response relationship of Δ9-THC was assessed in the object recognition task, a well-documented rodent memory model. In Experiment 2, mice were treated repeatedly with either escalating doses of Δ9-THC or vehicle for one week, and then challenged with the drug to assess whether tolerance had developed. Results: Acute Δ9-THC dose-dependently interfered with memory as assessed in the object recognition task (ED50 95% C.I. = 0.5 (0.1 to1.7) mg/kg). No tolerance to the memory disruptive effects of 1 mg/kg Δ9-THC was evident after chronic treatment. Conclusions: Considerably low doses of Δ9-THC impaired memory. The failure of chronic Δ9-THC to produce tolerance in this model was surprising considering that a similar dosing regimen has been reported to produce tolerance in non-mnemonic behaviors. The results suggest that memory is particularly sensitive to the disruptive effects of Δ9-THC and chronic cannabis use is likely to elicit persistent impairment of cognitive function. Caution should be applied in advocating chronic use of medicinal cannabinoids. Potential solutions lie in reinforcing education on the harm caused by cannabis use and availability of alternative solution to cannabis users, especially among youth that have shown to be more vulnerable to this drug.
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Riedel, Willem Jan. "Cognition enhancing drugs cholinergic function and age-related decline /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1995. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5805.
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Pasteur, Mary-Anne L. "The effects of paroxetine on cognitive function in healthy volunteers and depressed elderly patients." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283792.
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Cook, Andrew T. "The effect of accelerated aging on peelable medical products seals /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11980.
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Polotskaia, Anna. "Response of motor and cognitive speed to increasing doses of methylphenidate in children diagnosed with attention deficithyperactivity disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116112.
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This study has examined the effect of 3 doses of Methylphenidate (MPH) on the speed of motor and cognitive performance in children diagnosed with ADHD. Thirty children clinically diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) aged 6-12 years were recruited through the ADHD Clinic and the Severe and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Program at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute. The three doses of MPH were administered according to a double blind randomized cross-over three day trial (0.3; 0.5 0.8 mg/kg/day in a bid schedule). An improvement across all three doses of MPH on motor, cognitive and behavioural measures was observed. The improvement is significant at low doses of MPH and an increase of dose up to 0.8 mg/kg/day does not lead to further improvement of the speed of simple motor task, but might be beneficial to specific cognitive tasks. No deterioration was observed in association with higher doses of MPH.
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Weise-Kelly, Lorraine Ann. "Drug-induced ataxia : effect of the self-administration contingency /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0030/NQ66245.pdf.
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Owen, Lauren. "The effect of glucose on cognition." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538621.
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Sullivan, Jaclynn V. "Embodied Cognition: The Vicarious Presentation Effect." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1429460149.
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Bai, Shuang. "Effect of immunosuppressive agents on drug metabolism in rats." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008270.
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Hammann, Felix. "Prediction of transport, pharmacokinetics, and effect of drugs /." Basel : [s.n.], 2009. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8905.
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Silber, Yvonne Beata. "The acute side effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on simulated driving performance, cognitive functioning, brain activity, and the standardised field sobriety tests." Australasian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070319.105603/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Typescript. [Submitted for the degree of] Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-290).
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Hoa, Nguyen Khanh. "Assessment of anti-diabetic effect of Vietnamese herbal drugs /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-585-2/.
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Elliott-Pearce, Ruth Ann. "The effect of drugs on isolated detrusor muscle contraction." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34339.
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Detrusor instability is the commonest type of urinary incontinence in the elderly and is present in up to 50% of patients attending continence clinics. Treatment of this condition, aimed at reducing uncontrollable detrusor contractions, is at present unsatisfactory. For example, calcium antagonists are cliniclly disappointing and studies were carried out to investigate why they are ineffective. Rats were treated with nimodipine for 8 days or with a single dose. Treatment for 8 days had no effect on isolated detrasor contraction but a single dose reduced detrasor contractile response. It is propossed that chronic treatment with nimodipine caused an up-regulation of calcium channels as a compensatory mechanism. Oestrogens have been shown to have an inhibitory effect on detrusor muscle contraction after in vitro and in vivo treatment. In post-menopausal women with a uterus unopposed oestrogens should not be given, but progesterone has anti-oestrogenic actions. When rats were treated with oestrogen and progesterone for 8 days, there was no effect on rat detrasor contractile response. An anti-oestrogenic effect of progesterone has therefore been demonstrated in rat detrusor smooth muscle. Caffeine has been shown to increase detrasor pressme on bladder filling in patients with detrusor instability. The effect of low concentrations of caffeine on the contractile response of isolated human and rat detrusor muscle was therefore determined. Caffeine was found to have only a slight potentiating effect on isolated human and rat detruosr muscle contraction. The results in this thesis have important clinical imphcations for the treatment of detrusor instability. It may be more effective to administer calcium antagonists in an intermittent manner. Oestrogens are better given alone or with the lowest possible dose of progestogens. Caffeine would not be contraindicated in patients with detrusor instability.
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Dalal, Suntanu. "Amphetamine drugs potentiate morphine analgesia in the formalin test." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55488.
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There has been a great deal of research investigating drug combinations which can increase analgesia. A number of studies have been conducted with one particular combination--opioids combined with the amphetamine drugs. Despite the existing literature, this combination is rarely used in clinical practice. One purpose of this thesis is to review the literature pertaining to the opioid-amphetamine combination. Another purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether dextroamphetamine sulfate ($ circler$Dexedrine) can potentiate morphine sulfate analgesia in rats in the formalin test (Experiment 1). To investigate whether these results can be generalized to another psychostimulant, methylphenidate hydrochloride ($ circler$Ritalin) is used in Experiment 2. Methylphenidate has been chosen instead of another amphetamine drug because it is currently being used in clinical studies without supporting evidence from animal studies. The results of the two experiments indicate that low doses of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate can potentiate the analgesic effects of morphine.
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Joshi, Paliza. "Use of cognitive enhancing substances by University students: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/361.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of use of cognitive enhancing substances (such as caffeine containing products and beverages and prescription stimulant drugs) amongst students at Curtin University. Further, to determine the potential for adverse effects from their use.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving students attending the Curtin University. A sample of students was randomly selected and students were presented with an information sheet explaining the purpose and design of the study as well as their role in the study. Once they gave verbal consent to participate, they were requested to complete a questionnaire. All the completed questionnaires were entered into a dataset on a computer using the SPSS software, and analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS version 17 and SAS statistical software packages for Microsoft Windows. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages or means and standard deviations. The cross-tabulation, chi-square statistic and ANOVA were used to assess the statistical significance of difference.The survey included questions regarding demographics, caffeine (consumption, reasons for use, side effects following its consumption) and prescription stimulants (use, reason for use and side effects following consumption). Further, data was collected on the perceived effectiveness of the cognitive enhancing substances by students and their level of caffeine consumption.Results: The final dataset included 526 students out of which 94.5% of surveyed students reported that they drank caffeine containing beverages. Tea and coffee were found to be the most common sources of caffeine followed by soft drinks and energy drinks. The average daily caffeine intake was estimated to be 3.0mg/Kg/day on normal days and 3.8mg/Kg/day on exam days. Females were found to consume slightly more caffeine than males. Also, there was higher caffeine intake by smokers than non-smokers.Regarding energy drinks, a greater percentage of males than females were found to consume energy drinks. The students studying health related courses were less likely than those from other faculties to consume energy drinks. Similarly, there was significant association between the smoking status and energy drinks consumption.The most frequent adverse effects experienced by students were jolt and crash followed by insomnia, and headache following caffeine intake. Moreover, more students experienced side effects following high doses of caffeine as compared to moderate and low doses. The most common self-reported reasons for consuming caffeine containing products were: to boost their energy and while studying for exams or completing major projects, and to counteract lack of sleep.Of all the respondents only 4% (n=21) reported that they used prescription stimulants (other than caffeine). Approximately 3% used stimulants together with caffeine on both normal and exam days. The prevalence of taking prescription stimulants was higher in students consuming higher doses of caffeine. The most common reported reasons for use were to improve concentration and to get high (equal percentage of 66.7% students). Most of the students stated that they experienced insomnia after the prescription stimulants intake. They also reported experiencing jolt and crash. Most of the students perceived that cognitive enhancing substances are effective in improving their energy levels.Conclusion: A substantial proportion of students in this sample were found to consume caffeine containing products. The study demonstrated that cognitive enhancing substance use was increased around times of academic stress. The students taking high doses were at higher risk to side effects. As a greater proportion of students consumed high doses of caffeine during exam period, more were at risk of adverse effects. Only a small percentage of students reported use of other stimulants, but importantly, this was more common amongst high consumers of caffeine. Further studies at other universities are required to confirm the findings of this study.
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Tamm, Leanne. "Single and combined effects of stimulant medication and contingencies on the cognitive performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004383.
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Lange, Jeremy David. "The effect of anti-malarial drugs on the pituitary gland." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238726.
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Figueiredo, João Daniel Amaral. "The effect of anticancer drugs prodiginines in PP1 in melanoma." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/6861.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina MolecularUm dos principais mecanismos reguladores da função celular é a fosforilação de proteínas. É de focar que a fosforilação anormal de proteínas-chave pode estar associada a várias patologias, incluindo o cancro. Embora já existam muitos estudos sobre cinases no cancro, o conhecimento sobre as fosfatases que antagonizam a acção das cinases é muito menos. A PP1, uma das principais proteínas fosfatase de serina/treonina expressa em todas as células eucarióticas, está envolvida em vários processos celulares incluindo apoptosis e ciclo celular. Na realidade, diversos estudos demonstram que a PP1 regula variadas proteínas que são elementos-chave no processo de tumorigenesis. A AKT, uma cinase serina/treonina que se encontra desregulada em vários tipos de cancro, é um factor crucial na progressão e sobrevivência de melanoma. Prodigiosina, um membro da família de metabolitos secundários tripirrolicos pigmentados de vermelho, as prodigininas, demonstra propriedades anticancerigenas em vários tipos de cancro. Na verdade alguns estudos verificaram que a AKT é desfosforilada pela prodigiosina embora ainda seja desconhecido o mecanismo pelo qual tal acontece. Dada a importância da AKT na progressão e sobrevivência do melanoma e a capacidade da PP1 em desfosforilar a AKT é possível que a PP1 esteja envolvida em tal mecanismo. Os resultados preliminares demonstraram que a PP1 liga-se a um membro da família das prodigininas provando a interacção entre estas moléculas. Por outro lado, ensaios em linhas celulares de melanoma usando tratamentos com prodigiosina e cantaridina, um inibidor da PP1, demonstraram que a prodigiosina afecta isoformas da PP1 diferencialmente. Estes resultados sugerem que a prodigiosina actua em duas vias de sinalização distintas em melanoma, a via da AKT e a da MAPK, uma vez que alteração nos níveis de PP1α, uma das isoformas da PP1, se correlaciona com a variação dos níveis de fosforilação da AKT e as mudanças nos níveis da PP1γ com a variação dos níveis de fosforilação da MAPK. Com estes resultados propomos um modelo de como a prodigiosina desfosforila a AKT e como este processo contribui para a indução da morte celular em células de melanoma. Esperamos que este modelo ajude na compreensão do mecanismo de acção da prodigiosina bem como no reconhecimento das fosfatases como novos alvos terapêuticos no tratamento de cancro.
Protein phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism for cell function. It is noteworthy that several pathologies, including cancer to be associated with abnormal phosphorylation of key proteins. Although many studies have addressed the kinases that are misregulated in cancer, much less is known about the phosphatases that counteract their actions. PP1, a major serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, is involved in many cellular processes including apoptosis and cell cycle. In fact, several studies demonstrate that PP1 regulates several proteins that are key elements in the tumorogenesis process. AKT, a serine/threonine kinase that is disregulated in several types of cancer is a crucial factor in melanoma progression and survival. Prodigiosin, a family member of the natural red pigmented tripyrrolic secondary metabolites, prodiginines, show anticancer properties in numerous types of cancer. In fact, some prodigiosin studies demonstrate that AKT is dephosphorylated by prodigiosin by an unknown mechanism. Given the importance of AKT in melanoma progression and survival and the capacity of PP1 to dephosphorylate AKT it is possible that PP1 is involved in this mechanism. Our preliminary results showed that PP1 binds to one member of prodiginine family proving the interaction between these molecules. On the other hand, experiments with melanoma cell lines, using prodigiosin and cantharidin, a PP1 inhibitor, treatments, demonstrate that prodigiosin affect differently PP1 isoforms. These results suggest that prodigiosin acts in a different way in two altered pathways in melanoma, AKT and MAPK, since the alterations in PP1α levels, one of PP1 isoforms, are correlated with the conversion in AKT dephosphorylation and the variations in PP1γ levels with the changes in MAPK dephosphorylation. Given these results we propose a model of how prodigiosin dephosphorylates AKT and how this process contributes to induce cell death in melanoma cells. We expect that this model helps to understand prodigiosin action mechanism as well as acknowledge phosphatases as a therapy target in cancer treatment.
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Ngamratanapaiboon, Surachai. "Metabolomics investigations of the effect of drugs on mammalian cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41178/.
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Cell-based metabolomics using LC-MS systemizes the study of the uniqueness of small-molecule metabolite (metabolomes) profiles in cellular processes. Cell-based metabolomics can potentially be used in many applications for the study of biological perturbation from stimulants in cellular pathways. The advantages of cell-based metabolomics include ease of control and interpretation when compared to the study of human subjects and animal models. Furthermore, this method can decrease some highly challenging problems that occur in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Nowadays, cell culture in metabolomics studies has been used in many applications. These include cell culture and bioreactor optimisation, phenotype classification, stimulant testing effect, target and toxicity analysis, metabolic networks determination and modelling, and biomarker and drug target discovery. In this study, the reverse phase-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry for comprehensive metabolic profiling well suited to the untargeted analysis of non-polar and polar metabolites in mammalian cells were developed, optimized and validated. These methods can separate and detect most of hydrophobic and polar metabolites that are normally found in mammalian cell lines. After that the LC-MS methods were applied to assess the effects of drugs with known and unknown cellular metabolic effects on three mammalian cell lines, namely HMVECs for antipsychotics experiment, MCF-7 cells for cordycepin experiment and MIN6 cells for fluoxetine experiment by using untargeted metabolic profiling. The global effects of antipsychotics at high therapeutic dosage in HMVECs were investigated. The results support for the toxicity hypothesis with measurements that confirm previous findings and reveal the exact biological pathways of antipsychotic-altered BBB functions. It was found that antipsychotics may affect the bioenergetics pathway due to mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in ketoacidosis and inducing oxide stress by reactive oxygen species generation. In the MCF- cell experiment, the results of the untargeted metabolite profiling demonstrated the clear anti-breast cancer effects of cordycepin and pentostatin. By investigating the metabolite profiles, clear synergistic effects of cordycepin and pentostatin combined in comparison to cordycepin activity alone in MCF-7 cells was observed. Furthermore, the pathway analysis indicated that anti-breast cancer activity was mainly responsible for alterations in purine and pyrimidine metabolism and bioenergetics. Additionally, cordycepin may be involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation and differentiation, and the activation of cell apoptosis. The last experiment on MIN6 cells, the developed and optimized HILIC-MS approach in order to determine the biological pathways which are impaired by fluoxetine on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion on MIN6 cell lines was performed. It is found that fluoxetine may impair glycolysis, TCA and fatty acid metabolism on MIN6 cell lines. Moreover, it is also reveal that the alteration of biological pathways on MIN6 cells by known ETC inhibitors (rotenone (Complex I inhibitor) antimycin (Complex III inhibitor)) and azide (a complex IV inhibitor). From comparison with these ETC inhibitors, it is found that fluoxetine may have the same effect pattern with azide.
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Ng, Hau-hei. "The effect of mood on facial emotion recognition." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210312.
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Wandschneider, B. "The effects of genes, antiepileptic drugs and risk of death on functional anatomy and cognitive networks in epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532775/.
Full textAbstract:
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Apart from seizures, patients are also affected by epilepsy comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment, side effects of antiepileptic drugs, and an increased risk of dying from sudden death. Within epilepsy research, recent efforts have been made to identify reliable biomarkers to advance the understanding of disease-mechanisms, to individualize and optimize treatment and side-effect profiles and to enhance prediction of treatment success and disease progression. Biomarkers are objective measures of a normal or pathological biological process and, in the context of this PhD, neuroimaging biomarkers ideally enable in vivo measurements of (i) disease activity, (ii) treatment effects and (iii) risk of comorbidities and mortality. Employing functional and structural neuroimaging techniques, we studied potential neuroimaging biomarkers in three different domains of epilepsy. In the first project, we explored fMRI endophenotypes in a prototype of a genetic generalised epilepsy syndrome, namely juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Endophenotypes are heritable traits, closer related to the genotype than the final phenotype and are found frequently in non-affected family members of patients. Our study revealed potential functional endophenotypes and support a genetically determined neurodevelopmental disease mechanism in JME. The second project investigated fMRI markers of antiepileptic drug effects on cognitive networks in patients with refractory epilepsy. In two retrospective studies employing fMRI cognitive tasks, we isolated task- and medication-specific effects on working memory and language networks for Levetiracetam (study 1) and Topiramate and Zonisamide (study 2). In the third project, we employed Voxel-Based-Morphometry in a retrospective analysis of structural imaging of patients who had died of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) or were at high or low risk of SUDEP. We identified structural markers of high SUDEP risk, and discussed that these were at least partially specific, i.e. independent of disease progression and load.
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Verheyden, Suzanne Louise. "Psychopharmacological effects of +-3, 4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstacy') : mood and cognitive function in current and ex-users." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252399.
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Wills, Theodore W. "Cognitive operations and the "aha" effect : revision not confusion /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2002.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2002.Advisr: Salvatore Soraci, Jr. Submitted to the Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Coetzee, Gert J. E. "The effect of cognitive training on impulse control among Methamphetamine addicts in the Western Cape." University of the Western cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5629.
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Magister Psychologiae - MPsychSubstance use addiction is a debilitating and destructive human disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Of all the provinces in South Africa, the Western Cape has the highest rate of MA use. This highly addictive stimulant, locally known as 'tik', has multiple physiological, psychological, and social effects on the user. The effects are associated with neurocognitive deficits that include deficiencies in working memory and high rates of delay discounting. Current neuropsychopharmacology literature seems to suggest that changes in neurotransmitter functioning and particular brain areas occur that contribute to some of the addictive behaviours associated with chronic MA use. New evidence is emerging that working memory training can help to improve rates of impulsivity in those addicted to MA by strengthening cognitive control. The aim of this project was to establish whether differences in impulse control existed in a sample of 33 male patients at a Western Cape drug rehabilitation centre who received either working memory training with standard drug rehabilitation and or standard drug rehabilitation only. Data was collected with a self-report impulsivity scale (BIS – 11) and analysed using inferential statistics. The results suggest that working memory training, when paired with a standard rehabilitation program, has superior effects in decreasing self-reported rates of impulsivity when compared to standard rehabilitation only. These findings suggest that working memory training may serve as a useful addition to improving impulsivity rates in MA rehabilitation treatment. Further research on a larger scale is required to investigate the findings of this project.
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Cuyàs, Navarro Elisabet. "Pharmacogenetic mechanisms (COMT and hSERT) modulating deleterious effects of MDMA and cannabis on cognitive performance in drug users." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/48529.
Full textAbstract:
La neurotransmissió dopaminèrgica i serotonèrgica al còrtex preforntal i a les
regions del sistema límbic són un dels principals substrats cerebrals de les
funcions executives (implicades en l’organització i el control) i la regulació
emocinal. Tant la MDMA com el cannabis alteren la funcionalitat d’aquests
sistemes de neurotransmissió. Certs polimorfismes funcionals de la catecol-Ometiltransferasa
(COMT) i del transportador de serotonina (hSERT) s’han
associat a diferències individuals en el funcionament cognitiu. La interacció
entre ambdós gens juntament amb factors ambientals poden explicar la major o
menor susceptibilitat dels consumidors a els efectes deleteris de les
substàncies psicoactives en les arees.
L’objectiu és investigar la interacció de diversos polimorfismes relacionats amb
els sistemes serotonergic i amb el rendiment d’una població de consumidors de
MDMA i cannabis en la realització de diverses tasques neuropsicològiques
(memòria i funcions executives pricipalment).The serotonergic and dopaminegic neurotransmission at the prefrontal-cortex and the areas related to the limbic system, are one of the main substrates for the executive functions (involved in different tasks such as organization and control). Some drugs such as MDMA or cannabis are known to alter these neurotransmission systems. Some functional polymorphisms within the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and the serotonin transporter gene (hSERT) have been associated to interindividual differences in the cognitive performance. The interaction between both genes and ambient factors can explain to some extent, the different susceptibility of drug users to the deleterious effects of these psychoactive substances. The main objective is to study the relationship between several polymorphisms within the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission systems and the cognitive performance of a sample of MDMA and cannabis users in several neuropsychological tasks (mainly related to memory and executive functions).
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Ravaglia, Davide. "Modelling social behavior of Drosophila Melanogaster under the effect of drugs." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18747/.
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Questa tesi affronta il problema di studiare il comportamento cognitivo negli animali attraverso metodi di analisi statistica e modelli dinamici stocastici. Negli esperimenti analizzati sono stati utilizzati degli esemplari di Drosophila Melanogaster confinati in un'arena a quali sono state somministrate droghe diverse in diversi esperimenti; parte integrante dello studio riguarderà l'influenza di queste droghe.
Lo scopo è esaminare il comportamento cognitivo degli animali attraverso l'analisi statistica degli incontri tra esemplari che possono avvenire sia per una situazione casuale che per una decisione dell'animale stesso. Per evidenziare la presenza di questa interazione sociale è stato prodotto un modello nullo dell'esperimento: diversi parametri estratti dai dati in possesso permettono la generazione di percorsi casuali. Assumendo la sua capacità di rappresentazione, differenze significative dal modello nullo indicheranno la presenza di comportamenti cognitivi.
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Tory, Rita. "The study of the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on lipid metabolism." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7593.
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Introduction:
Lipid abnormalities including increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lowdensity
lipoprotein-cholesterol have been frequently reported in renal transplantation
and could be involved in the high frequency of cardiovascular disease in this
population. Immunosuppressive therapy appears to be a main factor that influences the
post-transplant lipid profile. Cyclosporine A (CsA), rapamycin (RAPA), tacrolimus
(TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are commonly used immunosuppressant in
solid organ transplant patients. Several of these immunosuppressive agents including
CsA, RAPA and TAC appear to have a significant effect on patient lipid level.
Although RAPA does not seem to cause nephrotoxicity as commonly seen in patients
treated with CsA or TAC, it seems to be associated with an incremental increase in
triglyceride level. However, the immunosuppressive-induced hyperlipidemia has not
been sufficiently described.
Purpose:
Our aim was to determine the effects of these drugs in vitro on key regulatory
enzymes of lipid metabolism; Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP), hepatic lipase
(HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity within human plasma, as well as the in vivo
effects of TAC on these enzymes in renal transplant patients. In addition, we also
investigated the effects of RAPA and TAC on cholesterol efflux from human THP-l
macrophages.
Methods:
The effects of CsA, TAC, RAPA and MMF on CETP, HL and LPL activity
were first determined in vitro in human normolipidemic plasma and post-heparin
normal human plasma, respectively. We further investigated the in vivo effects of TAC
on these enzymes activities in renal transplant patients for one month following
transplantation. The cholesterol efflux study was conducted independently to assess the
effects of RAPA and TAC on ApoA-I- and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from
human THP-l macrophages, as well as adenosine-triphosphate binding cassette
(ABC)Al and ABCG1 protein expressions in these cells.
Results:
Our in vitro CETP study showed that CsA and RAPA induced CETP activity in
human normolipidemic plasma in a dose-dependant manner. Although, none of these
drugs, CsA, TAC, RAPA and MMF affected in vitro HL activity, these drugs
suppressed the LPL activity in the post-heparin plasma. Unlike TAC, RAPA was
shown to decrease apoAl-mediated cholesterol efflux and ABCA1 protein expression in
human THP-l macrophages. In agreement with our in vitro result, our clinical study
demonstrated that TAC significantly increased triglyceride levels and reduced the LPL
activity in the renal transplant patients, regardless of the patients were on statin or not.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that the increase in CETP activity, suppression in LPL
activity and inhibition in the cholesterol efflux following either CsA, RAPA or TAC
treatments observed in the present study may be associated with hypercholesterolemia
and hypertriglyceridemia seen in patients administered these drugs.
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Daley, Emma. "The effect of mitochondrial membranolytic drugs on brain tumours in vitro." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272349.
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Schultz, Judith Ann Nelson. "Variability in the Simon effect." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/j_schultz_042409.pdf.
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Berg, Neil Douglas. "The influence of representational processes on the numerical distance effect." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1217879079.
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Simpson, Jason. "The Effect of Cognitive Load on Illusory Correlation." TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/635.
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This study investigated two theories of illusory correlation in social judgment by examining how varying the level of cognitive load during encoding of social stimuli affected the amount of illusory correlation. If the level of illusory correlation increases in a monotonic relationship with increasing cognitive load, then this type of increase would provide evidence for the distinctiveness-based view of illusory correlation (Hamilton & GifFord, 1976); however, if levels of illusory correlation show a curvilinear relationship, this relationship would provide support for the differentiated meaning view (Haslam, McGarty, & Brown, 1996). Cognitive load was manipulated by having participants perform an auditory secondary task while stimuli were presented and the level of illusory correlation was examined after low, medium, and high levels of cognitive load. The findings failed to provide support for either the distinctiveness-based or the differentiated meaning view. However, there was some indication that more illusory correlation was present in the high cognitive load condition than in low load condition.
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Lindsey, Sue. "Aging and the Truth Effect in Validity Judgment." TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/973.
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It is sometimes necessary to make validity judgments about information with which we are unfamiliar, because we have no factual knowledge about the event. Under these circumstances, subjective evidence, such as whether the statement has been seen or heard in the past, may be used to judge validity. Previous research has shown that the repetition of unfamiliar, but plausible statements increases the judged validity of the statements. In other words, the more one hears a particular statement, the more one believes it to be true. The present study has been designed to explore this "truth effect." The first experiment examined the influence of increasing age on the truth effect and recognition of repeated statements. Younger and older adults were asked to rate a series of statements for validity. Two weeks later, the subjects rated a similar list containing some new statements along with statements repeated from the first session. Subjects were also given a task to assess their recognition of repeated statements. The results indicated that older adults demonstrated the truth effect to a greater extent than younger adults, despite the fact that their recognition scores were much less accurate. These results indicate that repetition and recognition have independent influences on perceived validity. A second experiment was conducted to examine the effect of feedback on the truth effect and recognition judgments. It was proposed that ratings for repeated items in the second session would increase in judged validity due to the unintentional influence of familiarity. If feedback information was deliberately recollected, this misattribution of familiarity to credibility could be checked for false statements. Subjects were asked to rate statements for validity, and feedback as to the actual truth value of some of the items was given in the first session. Subjects rated repeated and new items in the second session for validity, as well as performing a source recognition task. The results of the second experiment showed that, again, both young and older adults demonstrate the truth effect. For young subjects, true statements were rated the truest, followed by non-feedback, nonrepeated, and false statements. The same pattern was found for older subjects, except that the false and non-repeated statements were rated similarly. As in the first experiment, older subjects were less accurate than young subjects at recognizing the source of repeated statements. Again, repetition and recognition were found to influence the truth effect independently. The results of this study indicate that the effects of repetition may influence older adults more than young adults, due to their less efficient memory for source. This deficit in source memory would serve to make older individuals less skeptical about the credibility of their knowledge, and thus more susceptible to false beliefs.
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Potter, Susan M. "Effects of fetal cocaine and tobacco exposure on newborn information processing." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42119.
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Approximately 10% of women use cocaine and 20% smoke cigarettes during pregnancy. Animal studies indicate that both cocaine and nicotine are neuroteratogenic agents, although findings with humans are inconsistent. Studies with human infants have been plagued by unreliable subject identification procedures, poor control over confounding factors, and invalid measures of CNS integrity. The literature on prenatal cocaine and nicotine use is reviewed and two studies are presented along with an intriguing case report. The effects of maternal prenatal cocaine use (Study 1) and two levels of cigarette smoking (Study 2) on newborn information processing ability were examined using an auditory habituation-recovery paradigm. Case-control designs were employed in which subjects were individually matched on a number of maternal and infant factors. Cocaine exposure was determined by newborn meconium analysis, urine analysis, and maternal self-report. Maternal smoking was determined by self-report and a variation of the bogus pipeline method. Fetal cocaine- and nicotine-exposure were associated with differential impairments in neonatal information processing. Cocaine-exposed newborns exhibited deficits on measures of habituation and recovery to novelty. Dose-response effects of nicotine-exposure were evident on measures of orientation and habituation, but recovery to novelty was not consistently affected. The results imply that fetal cocaine-exposure severely impairs neonatal auditory information processing ability, whereas fetal tobacco-exposure is associated with deficits in information-processing which may be secondary to impairments in arousal regulation. These auditory processing deficits may be related to the later language impairments reported in follow-up studies with cocaine-and tobacco-exposed infants. Following the two studies, a case is presented of an infant born to a woman who reported using large amounts of cocaine throughout pregnancy, although the infant's meco
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El-Eraky, Hala Mohammed Tawfik. "The effect of gender on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs affecting cardiac repolarization : a study of antiarrhythmic drugs." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394683.
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Chawla, Monica Kapoor 1950. "THE ROLE OF SEVERAL DRUGS AND COSOLVENTS ON INFUSION RELATED PHLEBITIS (THERMOGRAPHY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276915.
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Chittchang, Montakarn Johnston Thomas P. "Effect of secondary structure on paracellular transport of polypeptides." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and Dept. of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004."A dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry." Advisor: Thomas P. Johnston. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 23, 2006; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-223). Online version of the print edition.
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Mousseau, Melanie Blyth. "The onset and effect of cognitive fatigue on simulated sport performance." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004819.
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Shikano, Teruyuki. "Effect of instructions in category learning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30966.
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Dopheide, Marsha M. "The effect of modafinil on psychostimulant-evoked [³H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5952.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 20, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Mc, Erlane Verna May. "The anti-tumour effect of AQ4N and its' enhancement using a gene therapy strategy." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272332.
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Pike, Erika. "REINFORCING, SUBJECTIVE, AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF METHAMPHETAMINE DURING D-AMPHETAMINE MAINTENANCE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/15.
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Translational research suggests that agonist replacement may be a viable treatment approach for managing methamphetamine dependence. This study sought to determine the effects of d-amphetamine maintenance on methamphetamine self-administration in stimulant using participants. A cognitive battery was used to determine the performance effects of methamphetamine alone and during d-amphetamine maintenance. During each maintenance condition, participants first sampled a dose of intranasal methamphetamine then had the opportunity to respond on a progressive ratio task to earn portions of the sampled dose. Subject-rated drug-effect and physiological measures were completed prior to and after sampling methamphetamine. Methamphetamine was self-administered as function of dose regardless of the maintenance condition. Methamphetamine produced prototypical subject-rated effects, some of which were attenuated by d-amphetamine maintenance. Methamphetamine was well tolerated during d-amphetamine maintenance and no adverse events occurred. The self-administration results are concordant with those of clinical trials that show d-amphetamine did not reduce methamphetamine use. Generally, there was no difference in cognitive performance after methamphetamine administration during both placebo and d-amphetamine maintenance. Overall d-amphetamine does not appear to be a viable treatment for preventing methamphetamine relapse, but translational literature suggests that other agonist medications or the combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapies may be effective.
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Delaunay, Annegracien. "The Effect of Choice in Exercise Intensity on Affect and Cognition." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1090.
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While there are studies linking positive psychological outcomes with exercise, few have focused on choice as a moderating factor. The research that has examined choice as a moderator yielded mixed results. Currently no research has looked at the impact of choice of exercise intensity on the psychological benefits of acute exercise; specifically, affective and cognitive gains. According to Landers (2008), acute exercise refers to a single bout of exercise usually lasting a short duration, whereas chronic exercise refers to long term repeated bouts of exercise (e.g., weeks, months, or years). Participants in this study consisted of 117 collegiate psychology students. The study consisted of two trials. The first trial was used to establish a baseline. Next, students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions for the second trial. Everything stayed consistent from the first trial to the second trial, except the extent of choice given with regard to exercise intensity. Affect and cognition measures were given to all participants on both days. For trial two, group 1 was given full choice, e.g., they were able to exercise at their own pace. Group 2 had to exercise at the average pace from their first session, group 3 exercised at a pace equivalent to two rate of perceived exertion (RPE) levels above their average pace from the first session, and group 4 exercised at a pace two RPE levels below their average pace from the first session. A mixed model MANOVA was used to analyze the participants’ cognitive and affective data. Although the outcomes of the study were limited, Group 1 (choice) performed better on two of the executive function measures (Trail Making Test, Letter Number Sequence) for the second trial than the other experimental groups.
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Waters, Helen. "Clinical and non-clinical food restriction and its effect on cognition." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312571.
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