Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognition disorders'
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1
Airaksinen, Eija. "Cognitive functions in depression and anxiety disorders : findings from a population-based study /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-954-8/.
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Lynham, Amy. "Measuring cognition across mood and psychotic disorders." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/116386/.
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Cognitive impairments are present in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and are strong predictors of functional outcomes for patients. One barrier in cognitive research of these disorders is the lack of large, well-characterised cross-disorder samples with cognitive data. The aims of this thesis were to examine cognition across the bipolar / schizophrenia diagnostic spectrum and to develop a new online cognitive battery for use in psychiatric research. Cognition was examined in participants with bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia through a meta-analysis of existing studies and analysing data from a large well-characterised sample. The main finding was that there is a gradient of increasing cognitive impairment from bipolar disorder through schizoaffective disorder – bipolar type to schizoaffective disorder – depressive type and schizophrenia. Participants with the subtypes of schizoaffective disorder differed in their cognitive performance. Lifetime history of psychosis was associated with cognitive performance across disorders. An online cognitive battery was developed to assess the domains outlined by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative. The battery was validated against the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and showed that the tasks provided valid measurements of the majority of the MATRICS domains. A large sample of participants with a range of psychiatric disorders was recruited online. An examination of cognition in participants with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia showed that cognitive profiles were similar across disorders but participants with schizophrenia have more severe impairments than participants with bipolar disorder. An important concluding observation was that poorer cognitive performance was associated with poorer functional outcome across disorders. The findings of this thesis add to a growing literature showing the importance of examining cognitive function across psychiatric disorders. To date, it is the first study to develop and utilise an online cognitive assessment for psychiatric research.
3
Nowotny, Ewa. "Social cognition and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5399/.
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Introduction: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has successfully transformed the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) into a long-term condition. However, nearly half of those living with HIV experience cognitive difficulties (HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders; HAND). The adverse effects of HIV on cognitive function have been well-documented. However, it has not been established whether individuals with HAND present with deficits in social cognition, specifically related to the ability to understand other people’s intentions and feelings (Theory of Mind; ToM). The present study aimed to address this gap in the research and explore whether individuals with HAND show deficits in cognitive and affective aspects of ToM, and whether these are related to general cognitive abilities. Method: Sixteen individuals with HAND between the ages of 26 and 60 (mean age = 46.81 years) were recruited from a rehabilitation centre for individuals living with HAND. Participants completed a neuropsychological test battery and two social cognition tests (verbal test of cognitive ToM and visual test of affective ToM). Data obtained using standardised measures was analysed quantitatively and descriptively. Results: The individual and group-level analyses indicate that individuals with HAND show impairments in social cognition, with greater deficits observed in the domain of mentalising (cognitive ToM) than affect recognition (affective ToM). Consistent with the correlational analyses, tentative links can be made between social cognition and processing speed, executive function and memory, although the manner in which these domains impact on social cognition requires further research. Implications: A key clinical implication is that social cognition should be routinely tested in individuals with HAND as part of a standard assessment of cognitive function. The findings further indicate that it might be useful to evaluate multiple domains of social cognition and interpret the results in the context of findings from other neuropsychological assessments.
4
Crino, Natalie. "Metacognition and eating disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12643.
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Cognitive theories of emotional disorder maintain that psychological dysfunction is associated with a disturbance in thoughts and beliefs. In contrast, the self-regulatory executive function theory of emotional disorder (Wells & Matthews, 1994), posits that psychological disturbance is associated with metacognitive beliefs that promote the use of dysfunctional metacognitive control strategies. The aim of the thesis was to investigate whether metacognitive beliefs and metacognitive control strategies are associated with symptoms and features of eating disorders. In pursuit of this aim, two studies were undertaken examining: features of cognition between diagnostic groups, and compared to a non-clinical group; the inter-relatedness of cognitive and metacognitive constructs and their associations with symptoms; strategy-use during body exposure and cognitive predictors of state- and physical appearance anxiety; cognitive and metacognitive predictors of early treatment response in patients undergoing cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for an eating disorder. In Study 1, 90 clinical- and 108 non-clinical participants engaged in a guided 3-minute body exposure task, and then completed questionnaires measuring affective state, and engagement in- and efficacy of thought control strategies. In Study 2, 103 clinical participants engaged in either day-hospital or outpatient CBT. After 12-weeks of treatment, symptom measures were re-administered. The overall results indicated that, firstly, eating disorder subgroups have a similar cognitive profile, but differ substantially from a non-clinical group. Secondly, the pattern of inter-relationships between cognitive and metacognitive variables was found to be multidimensional. Thirdly, the clinical group displayed a greater tendency to use maladaptive thinking strategies in general, but not under body exposure conditions. Fourthly, metacognitive variables were only found to be associated with features of the disorder that are not specific to eating disorders. However, they were found to predict degree of treatment change in dietary restraint, bulimia, body dissatisfaction and stress, which suggests that targeting metacognitive processes may be important for facilitating change in these symptoms.
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Eddy, Clare Margaret. "Social cognition in disorders of the basal ganglia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/366/.
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Patients with disorders of the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Tourette’s Syndrome, exhibit characteristic motor symptoms and less obvious cognitive deficits. These deficits can be understood with reference to the model of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry proposed by Alexander et al. (1986) which highlights how the basal ganglia can affect the functioning of the whole of the frontal lobe. This thesis explored the possibility that patients with these disorders also have difficulties with social cognition. Patients with Parkinson’s exhibited deficits in reasoning about mental states. These deficits can largely be attributed to executive dysfunction which results from disordered activity in the circuitry linking the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia. Patients with Huntington’s exhibited reduced fear responses which most likely results from abnormal amygdala activity. Patients with Tourette’s exhibited deficits on a wide range of social cognitive tasks involving reasoning about mental states, non-literal language interpretation and economic decision making. These difficulties probably reflect dysfunction in circuitry linking the anterior cingulate and insula with the basal ganglia. These studies offer insight into the neuroanatomical basis of the behavioural symptoms associated with these conditions whilst highlighting the necessity to develop more precise and inclusive models of frontostriatal circuitry.
6
Fish, Scott Christopher. "Pupillary response measures of processing resource allocation during theory of mind task performance in schizophrenia." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3360156.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 11, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39).
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Whitcomb-Smith, Stacy. "The Role of Cognitive Factors in the Development of Seasonal Affective Disorder Episodes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/Whitcomb-SmithS2003.pdf.
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Lee, W. "Subjective cognitive impairments in Schizophrenia and related disorders." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31384948.
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王得寶 and Tak-po Mike Wong. "Memory profile of people with mild cognitive impairment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41547834.
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Wong, Tak-po Mike. "Memory profile of people with mild cognitive impairment." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41547834.
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Hallock, Hariharan Michael. "Cognitive Training Interventions for Neurocognitive Disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17840.
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With neurocognitive disorders such as dementia and traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the rise, interventions to prevent cognitive decline, are a global priority. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) has proven to be effective in healthy older adults in improving overall cognition, but whether this effect can transfer to declining populations, and be maintained in the long-term is still contentious. To address these questions, this thesis combines three inter-related and original studies. Chapter 2 reviews the current literature on CCT in healthy older adults, and suggests new design factors and methods to improve overall external validity of results. Combining 57 studies and 2,712 control participants, this study uses meta-analytic techniques to illustrate indifferences, firstly between active and passive controls in CCT trials, and secondly between gold standards of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and their less rigorous counterparts. Furthermore, it suggests a move towards comparator studies is required in this population. Implementing some of these design factors, Chapter 3 investigates the efficacy of two booster training schedules (monthly vs fortnightly) on long-term cognition in the residential care setting. Findings suggest monthly booster sessions may be more beneficial for long-term maintenance of cognitive improvements, however, given the trial was under-powered, results need to be confirmed by larger, well-powered studies. Importantly, the trial illustrates that the implementation of CCT into residential care is logistically plausible. Chapter 4 presents a meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of cognitive training (CT) in individuals with TBI. To investigate its efficacy, fourteen studies encompassing 575 patients were analysed, with findings indicated that CT is modestly effective in improving cognitive and functional outcomes in patients with post-acute TBI. Therefore, CT must play a more significant role in TBI rehabilitation. Whilst showing the potential for CT as a therapeutic intervention in populations exhibiting cognitive decline, these studies also question current methodological factors in the field, call for more appropriate and rigorous designs, and for the implementation of CCT as a primary and secondary prevention strategy for dementia and cognitive decline.
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Possin, Katherine L. "Visuospatial and visual object cognition in early Parkinson's disease." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3250074.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 4, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-166).
13
李穎 and W. Lee. "Subjective cognitive impairments in Schizophrenia and related disorders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31384948.
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Krane, Erica A. "Functional impairments associated with DSM-IV diagnosed adult attention-deficithyperactivity disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82905.
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It has recently been recognized that adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a valid disorder (Gadow & Weiss, 2001). Much less is known, however, about the assessment of ADHD, and about the functional impairments associated with ADHD, in adults compared to children. The objective of the present study was to characterize the functional impairments in DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD adults compared to community control adults and clinic-referred adults reporting symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity who did not meet symptom thresholds for the disorder. Method. The sample for this study consisted of 120 adults: 47 adults with ADHD, 43 clinic-referred adults who did not meet criteria for ADHD, and 30 community control adults. All were assessed with a comprehensive battery assessing psychiatric, cognitive, school, and driving impairment. Results. ADHD adults showed significantly more impairment than community control adults on all outcome measures. ADHD adults had subtle cognitive deficits, and higher rates of lifetime conduct problems compared to clinic-comparison adults. ADHD adults did not differ reliably from clinic-comparison adults on measures of internalizing disorders, school problems, or driving impairment. Clinic-comparison adults showed significantly more impairment than community control adults on measures of psychiatric functioning and school impairment. Conclusions. DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD adults show a pattern of clinical features that mirrors well-documented findings among children with the disorder, and show significantly greater impairment than do community control adults. Adults meeting some, but not all, criteria for ADHD fall in between ADHD adults and community control adults, and may warrant treatment. Our results highlight the importance of assessing ADHD in adults in a manner that attends to the potential reduced sensitivity of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for use in adult populations (Faraon
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Humphreys, Clare Thomson. "Sleep disorders and cognition in older adults with cardiovascular disease." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/685.
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The elderly population in the United States is growing rapidly, presenting increasing challenges in health care provision. One of the most salient and complex issues facing the elderly is cognitive impairment. This condition often leads to dementia and has a significant quality of life and financial impact. One of the most common and preventable causes of cognitive decline is heart disease, specifically atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD). This condition is related to myriad health risk factors and conditions, including sleep disorders. The current study examined 51 adults between the ages of 55 and 88 with a diagnosis of AVD. Participants were divided into sleep disordered (N = 20) and non sleep disordered (N =31) groups and compared in terms of fatigue, performance on neuropsychological testing, and a marker of inflammatory pathology. Participants with sleep disorders and AVD reported significantly greater levels of daytime fatigue and performed significantly more poorly on objective cognitive testing than those with AVD alone. Implications for the relationship of disordered sleep, AVD, and cognition as well as future research directions are discussed.
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Ramirez, Joanna. "Cognitive distortions in adolescents with substance-related disorders /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004362.
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Barnes, Kelly Anne. "Implicit learning in typical development and children with developmental disorders." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.library.lausys.georgetown.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3320707.
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Lindquist, Barbro. "Hydrocephalus in children : cognition and behaviour /." Göteborg : Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/2557.
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White, Elliott P. "Social cognition skills in borderline personality disorder." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12836/.
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Section A reviewed 18 empirical behavioural studies on empathy and mental state inference (MSI) skills in those meeting Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) criteria. The review was situated within Mentalization theory (MBT), which posits a central link between such skills and complex needs presentation. Firm conclusions about BPD mentalization skills are difficult as deficits, enhanced abilities and no differences from non-patients are reported. None of the reviewed papers stimulated attachment system arousal, as warranted by mentalization theory. Economic game research was highlighted as offering value in assessing self-directed mentalization, an under-researched area. Section B sought to test MBT and other model’s claim that empathy and Mental State inference (MSI) skills are differentially degraded in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). 27 people meeting BPD criteria and a matched non-patient group had empathy assessed with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task and MSI assessed with a modified economic game. This was done before and after a novel attachment system intervention. Empathy skills were less accurate in the BPD group. Other findings including game behaviour, fairness ratings and a social cue selective prioritisation in non-patients only are discussed. The theoretical links and suggestions for clinical innovation and research development are provided.
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Butler, Lucy. "Social cognition and HIV : exploring the profile of cognitive impairments in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5407/.
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The success of combined antiretroviral therapy has transformed Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from an acute and life-limiting condition to an enduring but treatable illness, marked by fluctuations in HIV-related health consequences and co-morbidities. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are one such possible consequence and are of particular concern in light of their sustained high prevalence in people with otherwise well-managed HIV infection. Given the neuropsychological profile of HAND (affecting frontostriatal brain regions and associated executive functions), it has been suggested that HAND may have implications for social cognition; that is to say, the cognitive capacities that facilitate social interaction. Thus, the current study aimed to explore social cognitive performance in the neuropsychological profile of HAND. A diverse HIV-positive cohort (N=16), recruited across two outpatient services, were administered the Social Stories Questionnaire (Lawson, Baron-Cohen, & Wheelwright, 2004), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001), and the Questionnaire of Cognitive & Affective Empathy (Reniers et al., 2011), alongside a standard neuropsychological battery. Using IMB SPSS v22, an exploratory group-level bivariate correlational analysis compared group scores against published normative data, and further Individual Profile Analyses explored cognitive differences within rather than across individuals to investigate trends not apparent at group-level. The sample demonstrated reliable performance weaknesses on both tests of social cognition (RMET and SSQ), independent of executive function and in the absence of global of specific impairments. Individual Profile Analyses revealed that these impairments were unrelated to stage of infection and occurred alongside (not before) cognitive decline in other core domains. Recommendations for further research are offered, drawing upon a critical review of the methodology employed. Clinical implications include; suggestions for increasing professional curiosity and empathy; psychoeducation; and the role of clinical neuropsychology in contributing to the development of the wider understanding of the potential emotional and behavioural sequelae of HAND.
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Ho, Wendy Karen, and 何慧盈. "The examination of endothelin-1 effects on vascular-neurodegenerative pathways contributing to cognitive impairment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196432.
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Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are the leading causes of cognitive disorders in the elderly worldwide. Increasing cases with overlaps in neuropathology between both disorders are becoming evident, giving rise to the concept of “mixed dementia”, which is characterized by cerebrovascular dysregulations along with tauopathies and β-amyloid (Aβ)-associated neurotoxicity. While the exact mechanisms leading to the exhibited vascular-neurodegenerative pathophysiology are still unclear, it is often found that ischemic-stroke contributes to amyloid pathogenesis, thus exacerbating cognitive impairment. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, appear to be important mediators in the central nervous system homeostasis and pathophysiology. This study proposes that upon ischemic stress, endothelin-1 (ET-1) overexpression in astrocytes leads to β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) upregulation, hence contributing to enhanced amyloid pathology. ET-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor associated to Aβ pathogenesis in the brain, and BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme for Aβ synthesis.
In order to assess astrocytic responses to ischemic stress, two previously modified astrocytic cell lines, mock-transfected control astrocytes (WT) and ET-1 overexpressing astrocytes (C6), were used. The exposures of WT and C6 cells to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) – to mimic ischemic stress in vitro – evoked no abrupt differences between both cell lines. After OGD, astrocytes were characterized by cellular swelling, detachment from neighboring cells, increased cell death, decreased cell proliferation, and reduced BACE1 expressions during reperfusion. In addition, the attempt to modulate BACE1 protein levels, by blocking the receptor for advanced glycation end products, induced no significant differences.
This study also investigated astrocytic ET-1 influences in the neuropathology of the transgenic mouse models APPGET-1 (amyloid precursor protein and astrocytic ET-1 overexpression) and GET-1 through a proteomics approach. The abnormal expressions of tropomyosin-3, transgelin-3, ATP synthase α chain, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione S-transferase P1, and peroxiredoxin-6 in the mice hippocampi were identified. It is most likely that these proteins participate in cytoskeleton structural changes, energy metabolism impairment, and oxidant-antioxidant system imbalances that contribute to the observed increased brain atrophy displayed in these two animal models.
In summary, this study has identified the possible participation of several proteins in the accelerated declination of cognitive functions exhibited by GET-1 and APPGET-1 mice through a proteomics approach. However, our in vitro results suggest that ET-1 did not play any pivotal role in C6 response to the hypoxic conditions evaluated. Furthermore, results showed no correlation between astrocytic ET-1 and BACE1. Further investigations examining alternative BACE1-independent pathways are required to elucidate the intricate relationship between ET-1 and Aβ in astrocytes.published_or_final_version
Psychiatry
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Chua, Eldrich Norwin Siy, and 蔡季延. "The effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on cognitive function in patients with stroke : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206919.
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Introduction: Cognitive impairments occur frequently in stoke survivors, yet current conventional post-stroke care focuses mainly on motor function. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are noninvasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) that are used in neurological rehabilitation. Its efficacy is well-established in motor recovery post-stroke, but research on its effects on the associated cognitive decline after stroke is fairly new. The aim of this review is to evaluate recent studies and provide a summary on the effects of NIBS on post-stroke cognitive decline.
Methods: PubMed and CINAHL were searched using the keywords: “cerebrovascular accident”, “stroke”, “NIBS” or “noninvasive brain stimulation”, “tDCS” or “transcranial direct current stimulation”, and “TMS” or “transcranial magnetic stimulation”. PEDro system was used to assess the quality of the studies that passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The initial search returned 1081 citations, among which 12 were included in this review. The mean PEDro score of the studies was 7.5 out of 10. The trials had a total of 176 participants with stroke. Lesion site was heterogeneous. Six trials investigated tDCS, and the other 6 investigated rTMS. The main outcome measures were grouped into 3 domains: memory, visuospatial, and attention. Both tDCS and rTMS resulted in significant changes in the visuospatial domain in terms of improving spatial neglect. The results on memory and attention are mixed, but tDCS shows more consistent results.
Conclusion: NIBS is a safe and low-cost treatment that can improve cognitive decline post-stroke. However, the evidence is still lacking due to the small number of trials and sample sizes. More studies need to be conducted in order to establish a proper guideline for usage. Long term effects also need to be investigated.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Kauhanen, M. L. (Marja-Liisa). "Quality of life after stroke:clinical, functional, psychosocial and cognitive correlates." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514254279.
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Abstract
Depression is a common consequence of stroke and it is known
to be associated with deterioration of quality of life. However,
only limited information is available on the relationships between depression
and communicative and cognitive disorders. Moreover, the present
knowledge of the determinants of the domains of quality of life
is limited, and little is known of e.g. the changes in sexual behaviour
of stroke patients and their spouses. This prospective study was
carried out to evaluate the prevalence of post-stroke depression
and aphasia and to study their interrelationships and neuropsychological
and functional correlates. The particular aim of the study was to
investigate the domain-specific quality of life, and to assess its
clinical and sociodemographic correlates, and to study the impact
of stroke on the sexual functions of stroke patients and their spouses.
The study consisted of 156 first-ever stroke patients.
Depression was diagnosed in 53% of the patients at
3 months and in 42% of the patients at 12 months post-stroke
according to DSM-III-R-criteria. One third of the patients were
aphasic, 70% of them at 3 months and 62% at 12
months after stroke suffering from depression. Among the aphasic patients
the prevalence of major depression increased from 11% to
33% during the 12 months follow-up. There was
an association between post-stroke depression and cognitive impairment,
the domains most likely to be defective being memory, non-verbal
problem solving, and attention and psychomotor speed. The non-verbal
neuropsychological test performance in the aphasic patients was significantly
inferior to that of the patients with dominant hemisphere lesion
without aphasia.
The quality of life of the patients was low at 3 months after
the stroke, and it did not improve during the follow-up of a year.
The test domains most often impaired were Physical functioning,
Physical role limitations, Vitality and General health. Depression,
although mostly minor, and being married emerged as significant
independent contributors to low score value of Vitality and Physical
role limitations. All the analyzed aspects of sexuality were commonly
decreased as a consequence of stroke both in the patients and their
spouses. Nocturnal erections were impaired in 21 (55%)
of the male patients.
The present results demonstrate that more than half of the
patients after stroke suffer from depression and the frequency of
major depression seems to increase over time, especially among the aphasic
patients. Both depression and aphasia increase the liability of
cognitive deficits. Stroke affects various dimensions of quality
of life extensively, and the most important determinants entailing
low quality of life seem to be depression, and, interestingly, being
married. As a part of quality of life, sexual function and satisfaction
with sexual life are impaired both in stroke patients and spouses.
These findings call for multidimensional evaluation of stroke patients
and provide new challenges for stroke rehabilitation.
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Ehlhardt, Laurie Anne. "E-steps : evaluation of an instructional sequence for persons with impaired memory and executive functions /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095242.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-128). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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DeVito, Elise Eva. "Cognition in disorders of frontostriatal dysfunction : neuropsychological, neuroimaging and psychopharmacological studies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611615.
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Lindinger, Nadine Michelle. "Social cognition in South African children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20333.
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Research on the social-cognitive profile of individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has confirmed poorer social skills in these children compared to healthy controls, independent of overall cognitive functioning. However, although children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are known to have deficits in social-cognitive function, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying these impairments. I investigated social cognition in children with FASD by assessing Theory of Mind and emotion recognition ability as potential determinants of impaired social cognition, behaviourally and using neuroimaging. Study I showed that children aged 9-11 years (N =63) with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS performed more poorly on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, after controlling for IQ and executive function, suggesting difficulty in inferring people's mental states. Study II investigated the ability of 9-12 year old children (N = 88) to read people's facial emotions because this more basic level of social cue processing was considered a possible precursor to the impairments seen in Study I. An affective appraisal and working memory (WM) task (1- back and 2-back) was administered. Groups performed well on the 1-back, indicating ability to meet WM demands of the affective appraisal task. No behavioural group differences were shown on the affective appraisal task, which confirmed the suitability of this task to identify possible differences in neuronal activation, which I investigated in Study III. Analyses of these fMRI data on 64 children aged 9 -14 years showed that participants performed well on the relatively simple affective appraisal task. However, greater cortical activation was shown in exposed children when processing positive but less when processing negative facial expressions. These data demonstrate that heavy PAE alters activation within a cortical affective processing network. Because we know that children with FASD have alcohol-related social-cognitive impairments (Study I), differences in cortical activation may suggest that when children with FASD need to appraise affect in more challenging contexts, as in dynamic social interactions, they are likely to have greater difficulties. These data are consistent with two ideas: a) that alcohol-exposed children have difficulty appraising negative emotions and b) that difficulty contributes to the clinically described trouble these children have in "reading" facial social cues. If this is true, then an intervention program that improves the ability of these children to appraise negative emotions will likely (a) improve their ability to correctly interpret the context of their social interactions; (b) contribute to developing mental representations of an appropriate reaction to a given situation and (c) positively affect the various evaluation processes during social information processing, which in turn are imperative to social -cognitive functioning.
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Duff, Barbara Jane. "Cognition in t(1;11) translocation carriers and patients with psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28826.
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Deficits in a number of cognitive domains have been associated with core symptoms of schizophrenia, including working memory, attention, motor skills, reaction time, episodic memory and executive function. Bipolar Disorder is also associated with cognitive impairment; however the level of impairment appears to be less severe than that seen in schizophrenia. A translocation (t(1;11)) containing the Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene has been found to be highly associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. As such, this gene has been the focus of much research and to date DISC1 has been found to be associated with brain development, brain structure and the glutamate system - all key factors in current models of schizophrenia and affective disorders. The aim of this PhD is to identify cognitive domains that are differentially impaired or unimpaired in a large Scottish family, some of whom carry this rare DISC1 variant, a balanced translocation (t (1;11) (q 42; q14.3)), that segregates with schizophrenia and affective disorders, as well as psychiatric patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects. All participants have undergone standardised cognitive assessments to measure premorbid I.Q. (NART), current I.Q. (WASI) verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, motor skills, executive function (BACS) and selected CANTAB tasks to assess simple and five-choice reaction time. Polygenic risk profile scores and self-report questionnaire data have also been investigated. Results indicate an impact of the DISC1 t(1;11) translocation on general intelligence and attention and processing speed. Significant differences were also identified between DISC1 t(1;11) carriers and non-carriers on self-report questionnaire data. Mean scores for polygenic risk for bipolar disorder were significantly different between DISC1 t(1;11) carriers and non-carriers and polygenic risk for schizophrenia was significantly associated with symptom severity, as measured by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Within the patient groups, a measure of processing speed (the token motor task) was found to be significantly different between those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and there was also a trend for attention and processing speed. As expected, I.Q. was significantly different between patients and control participants. Clinical ratings were significantly associated with neuropsychological and self-report measures. Polygenic risk for major depressive disorder was found to be significantly associated with impaired general intelligence (current IQ) and slowed reaction time in patients who were not currently depressed, suggesting there may be genetic risk markers in this population which impact on cognition. This is a novel finding and further suggests the possibility of a biological component related to the genetics of depression. In conclusion, and in line with the literature, psychosis has a negative impact on cognition with reduced performance across several neuropsychological tasks between patient groups, with schizophrenia patients performing worse than patients with bipolar disorder and both patient groups performing worse than healthy control participants. Cognition is markedly more impaired in DISC1 t(1;11) translocation carriers and especially in those with psychosis. The DISC1 t(1;11) translocation and psychosis may therefore confer a “double hit” on cognition - in addition to psychosis itself - which is known to impair cognitive function, significantly increasing the level of cognitive impairment and increasing the risk for psychosis in general.
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Pettersson, Anna. "Motor function and cognition : aspects on gait and balance /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-431-7/.
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Crouse, Jacob Jeffrey. "Mapping the Early Functional Course of Emerging Mental Disorders." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23974.
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Mental disorders cause profound functional impairment among young people during foundational socio-developmental phases. Most studies have examined predictors of impairment in adults with chronic disorders, and much less is known about the causes of impairment in young people in early illness phases. Accordingly, the overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between functioning and several candidate predictors, including substance use, symptoms, and neurocognition, in a cohort of young people accessing mental health services. In Chapter 2, latent class analysis is used to show that subgroups of young people with earlier and later relative onsets of substance use have distinct functional courses for around four years, with lower functioning over time in contact with services among the earlier onset subgroup. In Chapter 3, mixed effects modelling is used to reveal an association between impairment in cognitive flexibility and a lower rate of functional recovery over time. In Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, cluster analysis is used to demonstrate that neurocognitive subgroups are differentially related to functioning cross-sectionally and over time. Specifically, Chapter 4 shows that a subgroup characterised by global neurocognitive impairment has the lowest functioning cross sectionally, and Chapter 5 extends this finding to show that global neurocognitive impairment is related to persistently lower functioning over three years. Finally, bivariate latent change score modelling is used in Chapter 6 to demonstrate that changes in global symptoms are negatively correlated with changes in functioning, such that a reduction in overall symptom load is related to functional improvement. Altogether, the findings of this thesis highlight the enduring functional consequences of specific and global neurocognitive impairment, and to a lesser extent earlier substance use, and supports global symptom reduction as a strategy for encouraging functional recovery.
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Benas, Jessica Sara. "Cognitive biases in depression and eating disorders." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Withall, Adrienne Lee. "Cognitive function and recovery in major depressive disorder." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28184.
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The term ‘depression’ is used to refer to conditions ranging from non-clinical low mood to severe clinical conditions often resulting in hospitalization (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Most people will experience low mood at some time during their lives however Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is much more severe and very common, being experienced by approximately one in five persons. MDD is also associated with significantly impaired daily function (Andrews, Henderson, & Hall, 2001; Bland, 1997). Depression is also a chronic illness that is predicted to become the second leading cause of world-wide disability by the year 2020, second only to ischaemic heart disease (Lewis &
Araya, 2001).
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Oberman, Lindsay Meredith. "A disembodied mind the role of dysfunctional simulation systems in the social and cognitive deficits of autism spectrum disorders /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258394.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 1, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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TÃvora, Daniel Gurgel Fernandes. "AlteraÃÃes do sono, alteraÃÃo cognitiva e avaliaÃÃo de estruturas cerebrais atravÃs de ressonÃncia magnÃtica e morfometria baseada em voxel na doenÃa de Parkinson." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14114.
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nÃo hÃO trabalho avalia em duas fases as alteraÃÃes clÃnicas, alteraÃÃes do sono, a alteraÃÃo cognitiva e as alteraÃÃes de estruturas cerebrais atravÃs de RessonÃncia MagnÃtica (RM) e morfologia baseada em voxel (VBM) em pacientes com DoenÃa de Parkinson. Foram estudados 100 pacientes (71% masculino), com idade entre 40 e 80 anos (66,1+9,5), recrutados do AmbulatÃrio de DistÃrbios do Movimento do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio. A amostra faz parte de uma coorte longitudinal (Sleep-For-PD study). Foram estudadas as alteraÃÃes do sono e seus fatores associados e preditivos. A escala de sono da DoenÃa de Parkinson (PDSS) que avalia alteraÃÃes de sono na DP, a escala Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) que avalia a qualidade do sono, a escala Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) que avalia o grau subjetivo de sonolÃncia e a escala Unified Parkinsonâs Disease Scale (UPDRS partes I, II, III e IV) que avalia a gravidade da doenÃa foram estudados. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados atravÃs das escalas Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) e Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD). Os pacientes foram submetidos ao Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) que avaliou o grau de alteraÃÃo cognitiva e a escala de distÃrbio comportamental do sono REM (RBD). A dose de levodopa (DEL) foi avaliada. Pacientes com alteraÃÃes do sono (PDSS) apresentaram mais alucinaÃÃes diurnas, mais alteraÃÃo cognitiva, mais ansiedade, depressÃo e maior gravidade dos sintomas parkinsonianos (p<0,05). Pacientes com mà qualidade de sono (PSQI) tiveram mais sintomas depressivos. Os escores PDSS correlacionaram-se ainda com a funÃÃo cognitiva (MEEM), os sintomas depressivos (BDI e HAD), a qualidade do sono (PSQI), a gravidade da doenÃa e com a escala de RBD. Os escores PSQI correlacionaram-se com o MEEM, atividades de vida diÃria (UPDRS II) e sintomas de depressÃo/ansiedade (BDI e HAD). Gravidade de sintomas relacionados a atividades da vida diÃria (p=0,002), sintomas depressivos (p=0,01) e ansiedade (p=0,01) foram fatores independentes preditivos das alteraÃÃes do sono (PDSS). A DEL e o MEEM foram preditores da mà qualidade do sono (p=0,02). A escala RBD (p=0,002) e a UPDRS I (p=0,02) foram preditores do grau de sonolÃncia. ConcluÃmos que alteraÃÃes de sono, mà qualidade de sono e sonolÃncia diurna excessiva sÃo comuns na DP. As escalas PDSS, PSQI e ESS tÃm fatores associados e preditivos distintos. A escala PDSS apresenta maior abrangÃncia na avaliaÃÃo do sono na DP. Na segunda fase, foram avaliadas as estruturas cerebrais por RM, a presenÃa de alteraÃÃes cognitivas e fatores associados em 39 pacientes com DP e em 10 indivÃduos controles pareados por idade. As imagens de RM foram processadas de acordo com o protocolo para processamento de VBM. A variÃvel de desfecho usada foi o volume de substÃncia cinzenta. Nossos dados evidenciaram que pacientes com DP apresentaram maior comprometimento cognitivo e maior ansiedade. Pacientes com DP e alteraÃÃes cognitivas apresentaram maior gravidade da doenÃa. NÃo houve diferenÃa no volume de substÃncia cinzenta entre os pacientes com DP com e sem alteraÃÃes cognitivas. Estes achados provavelmente deveram-se a atrofia cerebral precoce nos pacientes cognitivamente intactos. Pacientes com DP, quando comparados aos controles, revelaram reduÃÃes de volume de substÃncia cinzenta na Ãnsula esquerda e cÃrtex prÃ-frontal esquerdo, demonstrando envolvimento assimÃtrico do cÃrebro na DP.
The present study evaluates clinical abnormalities, sleep disturbances, cognitive alterations and structural brain changes using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) in patients with Parkinson`s Disease (PD). In the first phase of the study one hundred patients (71% male), aged between 40 and 80 years (66,1+9,5) were studied. Patients were recruited from a movement disorders clinics at Walter CantÃdio University Hospital. The study is part of a larger longitudinal cohort study (Sleep-For-PD study). Sleep abnormalities and their associated and predictive factors were scrutinized. Many clinical questionnaires were used, including the Parkinson`s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Unified Parkinsonâs Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS part I, II, III e IV). Depressive symptoms were evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory (IDB-II) and Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD). The Minimental state examination (Folstein) (MMSE) evaluated the extent of cognitive dysfunction. REM sleep symptoms were evaluated by the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) Scale. The levodopa equivalent dose was evaluated (DEL). Patients with sleep abnormalities (PDSS) had more diurnal visual hallucinations, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression and worse parkinsonian symptoms (p<0.05). Patients with worse sleep quality (PSQI) had more depressive symptoms. PDSS scores were correlated with cognitive function (MEEM), depressive symptoms (BDI and HAD), sleep quality (PSQI), severity of PD and the RBD scale. PSQI scores were correlated with MMSE scores, activity of daily living symptoms (UPDRS II) and depression / anxiety (BDI e HAD). Activities of daily living (p=0.002), depressive symptoms (p=0.01) and anxiety (p=0.01) were independent predictors of sleep abnormalities (PDSS). The levodopa equivalent dose and MMSE scores were independent predictors of worse sleep quality (p=0.02). The RBD scale (p=0.002) and UPDRS I (p=0.02) were independent predictors of somnolence. We conclude that sleep disorders, disturbed sleep quality and excessive diurnal somnolence are common in PD. The PDSS, PSQI and ESS scales have distinct associated and predictive factors. PDSS scale is associated with a greater number of factors in PD patients. In the second phase of the study thirty-nine PD patients and ten control subjects were evaluated with regard to the presence of cognitive alterations. Structural brain abnormalities were also evaluated with MRI and VBM technique. The Gray matter volume was used as the ending variable. PD patients had more cognitive impairment and more anxiety. Patients with PD and cognitive alterations had worse disease severity. We found no difference in the volume of gray matter between the subgroups of PD patients with and without cognitive alterations, probably due to early brain atrophy in the patients without cognitive abnormalities. A significant reduction in gray matter volume in the left insula and left prefrontal cortex was observed when comparing PD patients in relation to controls. These findings indicate an asymmetrical brain involvement in PD, the left hemisphere being more affected.
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McMillan, Elaine S. "Processing Social Information: An Investigation of the Modification of Attentional Biases in Social Anxiety." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McMillanES2008.pdf.
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Haig, Albert R. "Missing links the role of phase synchronous gamma oscillations in normal cognition and their dysfunction in schizophrenia /." Connect to full text, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/848.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 28, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Soukup, Vicki Marlene. "The Assessment of Cognitive Functioning among Patients with Unilateral Visual Neglect: Effects of Field of Presentation and Cueing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278752/.
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Prior evidence has shown a reduction of neglect on line bisection tasks as a function of altered hemispace presentation and left cueing. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of these factors in reducing symptoms of neglect on measures of general cognitive functioning. To examine proposed changes, revised versions of the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and the Memory-for-Designs (MFD) Test were constructed by placing the target stimuli in the right hemifield. Two experimental presentations, a right hemispace condition and a right hemispace plus left cue prompt condition, were compared to the standard presentation format. The primary hypotheses predicted that RBD neglect patients would reveal enhanced performance on the criterion measures as a result of these manipulations. Significant correlations were predicted between the neglect measures and between the two scoring systems for the MFD. The sample was comprised of 54 hospitalized patients, assigned to either a RBD neglect group (N = 18), a RBD nonneglect group (N = 18) , or an orthopedic control group (N = 18) . Both RBD groups were administered the Mini Inventory of Right Brain Injury, to document the presence and severity of right brain injury. Presence of neglect was assessed via the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Task and the Bells Test for Visual Neglect. Subjects were examined under all three conditions by administering one third of the items for each condition. Neglect subjects demonstrated significantly poorer performance on both criterion measures than the two comparison groups. However, no significant improvement in performance was revealed with right hemispace presentation of stimuli or left cue prompts combined with the right hemispace version. Ancillary predictions concerning correlations for the neglect measures and MFD scoring systems were confirmed. Results are interpreted in terms of increased attentional demands and task complexity. These results suggest that, despite the frequent clinical use of these manipulations in the cognitive assessment of this population, support for the efficacy of these procedures is lacking.
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Burns, Amy Minh Nhat. "Theory of mind, social cognition, and neural functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59475.
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Social cognitive functioning has been shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and these impairments are associated with functional outcomes. To better understand these deficits this dissertation investigated the neurocognitive processes associated with several social cognitive tasks. A novel irony comprehension paradigm was developed for use with electroencephalogram (EEG). The N400, a negative event related potential (ERP) that occurs 300-500 ms after the onset of a semantically incongruent word, and the P600, a positive ERP that occurs around 500-800 ms, were used to index irony comprehension. Study 1 revealed that SZ performed worse than healthy controls (HC) across three measures of social cognition – emotion perception, Theory of Mind (ToM), and irony comprehension. Furthermore, negative symptoms of SZ were associated with poor ToM performance. ERP findings showed that HC exhibited hemispheric differences in N400 amplitude in response to ironic sentences, with the left hemisphere showing smaller amplitudes to ironic compared to literal statements, whereas SZ did not show this differentiation. Although HC processed ironic statements differently compared to SZ, the direction of the effect was opposite of what was hypothesized. Study 2 examined the durability of this unanticipated finding in a larger group of HC. The N400 effect from Study 1was not replicated – there were no differences in N400 amplitude for ironic and literal statements. A difference in P600 was found whereby the P600 amplitude for literal was greater than for ironic. Self-reported schizotypal traits were associated with poor ToM performance. Study 3 examined whether computerized cognitive remediation (CCR), which has been shown to improve neurocognition, would generalize to social cognition, and whether these changes could be detected at a neural level using EEG. The CCR program implemented in this study produced no improvement in neurocognition or social cognition. Taken together, these results suggest that several aspects of social cognition are impaired in patients with schizophrenia, on a behavioural and possibly a neural level. Future studies are necessary to determine the most effective framework for CCR to minimize the deficits in interpersonal skills that are linked to both general cognitive abilities and social cognition in those with schizophrenia.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Chen, Zen-Yong. "Language, cognition and the corpus callosum in adults with developmental language disorders." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412721.
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Ireland, Elizabeth. "Exploring social cognition and executive function in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)." Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3711/.
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With the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), people with HIV are living longer and the incidence and prevalence of HIV-associated disorders, including neurocognitive impairments (e.g. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; HAND) are increasing. To date, research into social cognition, referring to the ability to understand other people's internal mental states (such as beliefs, desires and emotions) has been neglected in individuals with HAND despite social cognitive impairments being found in individuals with other neurological problems (e.g. brain injury or dementias involving the frontal lobe). This study sought to explore whether social cognitive deficits are present in individuals with HAND, and if so whether this is a specific deficit or occurs as part of, or secondary to other decline in neuropsychological function, including executive functions which have been associated with social cognition in the literature. Sixteen participants with HAND (mean age = 40.9 years, range 23 to 56 years) were recruited from an inpatient neuro-rehabilitation centre and completed two social cognition tests (a verbal theory of mind test, and a visual test of emotional perception) and a battery of neuropsychological assessments including executive function tests. Group means suggested specific weaknesses on the social cognition tests, and also on tests of processing speed and immediate memory, but these tests were not correlated. Case series analysis suggests that social cognition is separate to other cognitive domains and executive functions since social cognition was impaired in individuals who are functioning relatively well on other cognitive areas. The results indicate that social cognition impairment may be a prominent early problem in individuals with HAND. A task of social cognition on a screening test for HAND may be beneficial for early detection and diagnosis, and useful for understanding the impact that social cognitive deficits may have on everyday life and social functioning. Further research, using bigger samples and better instruments is required to understand social cognitive functioning in HIV individuals.
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Sit, Bik-yan Sonia. "Cognitive function in Chinese stroke patients /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31595923.
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Cheung, Vinci, and 張穎思. "Cognitive dysfunction implicated in the expression of attentional blink in schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29741890.
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Crouch, Barry. "Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia : novel models and behavioural methods for preclinical research." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229384.
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Tsang, Yee-ha Lucia. "Neurocognitive sequelae of children born prematurely." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41712596.
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McLaughlin, Karen A. "Initial investigation of a collaborative intervention model for individuals with brain injury and their families /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3003997.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-115). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Cheung, Vinci. "Cognitive dysfunction implicated in the expression of attentional blink in schizophrenia /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248534.
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McClain, Maryellen Chute Douglas L. "Trends in symptom validity, memory and psychological test performance as functions of time and malingering rating /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/380.
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Mitsis, Effie M. "Construct validity of executive functions in normal adults and in adults with mild cognitive impairment." Full text available, 2003. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/mitsis.pdf.
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Saxena, Sarah. "Preventive and therapeutic physio-pathological aspects of peri-operative neurocognitive disorders." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILS034.
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Les troubles neurocognitifs représentent une complication post-opératoire majeure dont l'étiologie est restée longtemps spéculative. Ce n'est que récemment qu'une cascade inflammatoire, menant à l'activation des microglies, a été identifiée et proposée. Dans ce travail, nous avons voulu éclaircir ces mécanismes responsables des troubles cognitifs post-opératoires selon les deux versants, clinique (patients humains) et pré-clinique (modèles murins) qui nous étaient accessibles.Dans l'étude clinique, l'influence des habitudes de vie sur la prévalence des troubles neurocognitifs péri-opératoires ainsi que sur les marqueurs inflammatoires périphériques (IL-6; HMGB1) classiquement associés aux troubles neurocognitifs péri-opératoires a été réévaluée. Cette étude suggère que la sédentarité pré-opératoire n'est pas un facteur de risque alors que le multilinguisme et l'absence de tendance dépressive seraient des facteurs protecteurs. Cette étude révèle de plus que le taux d'IL-6 sérique, contrairement à celui de l'HMGB1 sérique, varie en fonction du type de chirurgie et de l'âge du patient. Cette étude a aussi permis de dégager une relation préliminaire basée sur les taux d'IL-6 et d'HMGB1 sanguins du premier jour opératoire et prédictive de la survenue d'un déclin cognitif six semaines après l'intervention chirurgicale. Dans l'étude pré-clinique sur modèles murins, il a été pris en considération que plusieurs canaux K + (Kca3.1; Kv1.3; Kvir) identifiés à la surface cellulaire étaient essentiels à l'activation microgliale et l'acquisition d'un phénotype pro-inflammatoire. Atténuer l'activation microgliale via l'inhibition de ces canaux s'avère une approche rationnelle pour prévenir le développement de la neuro-inflammation et du déclin cognitif après intervention chirurgicale (ici résolution d'une fracture tibiale expérimentale). Nous avons ainsi montré que l'inhibition pharmacologique et génétique du canal Kv1.3 réduit la neuroinflammation et le déclin cognitif post-opératoires. D'autre part, nous avons aussi ciblé le canal KCa3.1 avec des résultats similaires montrant que l'inhibiteur de ce canal, le TRAM34, tout comme l'invalidation génétique KCa3.1-/-, préviennent le déclin cognitif et l'activation microgliale associés à la chirurgie. Cette dernière étude a aussi permis de dégager toute une série d'interactions complexes et subtiles entre les conditions expérimentales (anesthésie, chirurgie, TRAM34 et son véhicule pharmacologique le miglyol) et les processus étudiés (score cognitif dans le test Y-maze; population microgliale, taux d'HMGB1 et d'IL-6 dans les hippocampes murins, HMGB1 et IL-6 circulants) dont la nature est toujours en cours d'analyseNeurocognitive disorders present a major postoperative complication. After many years of speculation about the etiology of this complication, recent studies indicate that an inflammatory cascade, leading to the activation of microglia, may be the cause. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for postoperative cognitive disorders along two axes, one within the framework of clinical studies, the other by a pre-clinical approach on murine models.Thus, in the clinical study, the influence of lifestyle habits on the prevalence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders as well as known peripheral inflammatory markers (IL-6; HMGB1) known to be associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders was studied. This study suggests that preoperative sdentarybehaviour is not a risk factor but that the absence of depressive tendencies/ presence of multilingualism would be protective factors. In addition, it reveals that the level of serum IL-6, unlike that of HMGB1, varies according to the type of surgery and the age of the patient. From this study, a formula was defined to predict postoperative cognitive decline based on perioperative blood IL-6 and HMGB1 levels.Several K+ channels (Kca3.1; Kv1.3; Kvir) have been identified on the cell surface of microglia, essential for its activation in pro-inflammatory phenotype. Attenuating microglial activation by blocking these channels may be one approach to preventing the development of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.In our preclinical study, we showed that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the Kv1.3 channel reduces postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Similarly, we investigated the study of the role of the KCa3.1 channel. Our results suggest that TRAM34 administration caused cognitive decline and neuroinflammation compared to baseline.The KCa3.1 -/- model causes cognitive decline and is associated with more peripheral inflammation. Tibia fracture causes cognitive decline, microglial proliferation and peripheral inflammation. Isoflurane-based anesthesia causes cognitive decline and microglial proliferation
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Palser, Eleanor R. "The role of interoception in cognition, and its application to autism spectrum disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10060469/.
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Traditionally a distinction was drawn between cognitive and sensorimotor processes, with little consideration of communication between the two. However, many findings are incompatible with this separation (e.g. Lebedev & Wise, 2002; Patel, Fleming & Kilner, 2012). One particular domain where this is evidenced is interoception. Interoception has been defined as the sensing of the physiological condition of the body (Craig, 2002). While it has long been clear that interoception is of fundamental importance for homeostasis, it is increasingly being recognised as integral for multiple domains of cognition, including emotion. For example, those with greater access to their interoceptive states experience emotions more intensely (e.g. Wiens, Mezzacappa, & Katkin, 2000). These findings bare on our understanding of autism. For some time, exteroceptive sensory abnormalities has been recognised in autism, with such symptoms now included in the diagnostic criteria. Far less research has considered how interoception is implicated in autism. The reports of autistic people and their caregivers, in addition to a few empirical investigations, suggest that interoceptive processing is altered in autism. It is therefore possible that these interoceptive alterations are implicated in the cognitive symptoms of autism. In this PhD I conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that afferent signals from the body, including interoceptive sensations, are involved in cognition, and that the processing of these signals is altered in autism. More specifically, I tested the role of bodily afferents in metacognition, movement, anxiety, and emotion. I also sought to determine if there are interoceptive differences in the three domains of interoception delineated by Garfinkel and colleagues (Garfinkel & Critchley, 2013; Garfinkel, Seth, Barrett, Suzuki, & Critchley, 2015) in autistic children and adolescents, having previously only been evaluated previously in autistic adults. Finally, I investigated whether differences in emotion processing in autism were related to interoception.
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Falter, Christine Michaela. "The influence of testosterone on cognition in typical development and Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612007.
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