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李穎 and W. Lee. "Subjective cognitive impairments in Schizophrenia and related disorders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31384948.
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Clarnette, Roger M. "Predictors of cognitive decline in those with subjective memory complaint." University of Western Australia. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0245.
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[Truncated abstract] Background: Dementia, largely due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a major public health problem. The early identification of disease is an important challenge for clinicians because treatment of AD is now available. A simple and accurate means of stratifying risk for AD and identifying early disease is needed so that risk factor modification and treatment can occur optimally. To date, despite many attempts, an accurate means of standardising an approach to the assessment of subtle cognitive symptoms has not been developed. A subjective complaint of poor memory has been identified as a possible marker for underlying brain disease. This study examines the utility of neuropsychological scores, homocysteine levels, APOE genotyping and brain imaging as predictors of cognitive decline in individuals with subjective memory complaint (SMC). Method Eighty subjects with SMC were recruited from memory clinics and the community (MC: 1). Forty-two control subjects were also examined (MC: 0). CAMDEX was used to describe baseline clinical features. The CAMCOG was used as a global test of cognition and was administered annually for four years. At baseline, neuropsychological testing was administered. Cranial CT scanning, measurement of plasma homocysteine and APOE genotyping were completed. Categorical variables were analysed using chi-square according to Pearson's method. Continuous data was analysed using Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent contributors to the presence of memory complaint. Participants were then matched for age, gender and time to follow-up (up for three years) to determine longitudinal predictors of cognitive decline. ... Baseline CAMCOG scores were greater in the control group (MC:0 = 98.3 ? 2.8, MC:1 94.2 ? 5.5, Z ?4.46, p 0.000). There were no differences in neuropsychological scores, concentration of total plasma homocysteine, APOE genotype or brain scan measurements. Using the Wald stepwise selection method, logistic regression could not be established due to non-convergence regardless of whether or not the continuous variables were re-coded into dichotomous variables. A matching process that created 32 pairs of controls/subjects allowed follow-up analysis. The controls showed significant improvement with time on the CAMCOG unlike subjects (mean ? SD, controls 1.5 ?-3.0, Z - 2.61, p 0.01, subjects 0.2 ? 3.2, Z ? 0.24, p 0.81). The logistic regression analysis showed that group membership could not be defined by any single independent variable. When group membership was abandoned and those with stable scores were compared to those who declined no clear meaningful independent predictors of decline apart from age were identified. Conclusions: Methodological issues such as small sample size and inadequate follow up duration were identified that may have precluded identification of predictive factors for cognitive decline. The results indicate that complaints of memory problems are not associated with established risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and fail to predict objective cognitive decline over three years. Future studies should continue trying to identify robust predictors of cognitive decline in later life.
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Tarantello, Concetta. "The role of subjective memory complaints in predicting cognitive impairment associated with future Alzheimer’s disease: a community based study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6190.
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In recent years there has been a substantial increase in research examining the role of subjective memory complaints (SMC) in cognitive function and Alzheimer’s disease. These studies have related SMC to many different cognitive outcomes, such as retaining normal cognitive function, a fluctuating cognitive performance and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Most of these studies have focused on older populations and have employed a limited assessment of cognitive function. This limits the available evidence regarding the clinical utility of SMC. The literature on the role of SMC in younger subjects is scarce. It is not known whether memory complaints are useful in predicting future cases of Alzheimer’s disease in younger community-based subjects. Aims: The main aim of the present study was to determine whether SMC predict the development of cognitive impairment in a younger cohort of subjects, many of whom were under the age of 70 years (73%), based on their risk profile and neuropsychological assessment. A further aim was to ascertain whether the DRS or 7MS are sensitive screening tools for MCI and examine whether the presence of SMC affects the 3-year cognitive outcome of subjects. To address these aims, this study consisted of two parts: a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal follow-up component. Methods: This study was carried out with 86 community-dwelling subjects recruited via advertisement within the catchment area of Central Sydney Area Health Service. The mean age of the subjects was 63.1 years (SD=8.4). Subjective memory complaints were assessed using a single question. Cognitive function was assessed using a comprehensive battery of tests, selected on the basis of their sensitivity to identifying cognitive impairment typically associated with Alzheimer’s disease. After the initial analysis between those with SMC and without SMC, subjects were further classified according to their performance on an episodic memory task (i.e., delayed verbal recall, Rey, 1964) as having normal memory function, SMC or aMCI. Results: Part 1 - Subjective memory complaints (SMC) were reported by 63% of the sample. The initial analysis between subjects with SMC (n=54) and without SMC (n=32) suggested an initial relationship between SMC and cognitive functioning. Subjects with SMC had impaired global cognitive functioning on two brief screening tests (7MS and DRS), working memory, verbal recall and visuomotor speed. However, subsequent screening with the delayed verbal recall test showed that 12 of the 54 subjects with SMC demonstrated significant cognitive impairment, scoring 2 SD below the control group mean. After these subjects were removed to form the aMCI group, the cognitive differences between subjects with SMC and without SMC were no longer apparent. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of multiple cognitive deficits (below 1 SD of control group mean) with a high percentage of subjects demonstrating impairment on tests of verbal learning, verbal recall, verbal ability and visuomotor speed. Further analysis showed a significant association between age and subjects identified as having SMC (r=-.581, p<.001) and aMCI (r=.692, p<.001). From the age of 60 onwards, both the SMC and aMCI groups demonstrated a more rapid cognitive decline with increasing age in several cognitive domains. Part 2 - After a mean interval of 3.2 years, 43 subjects were followed up. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of greater decline on both screening tests (7MS; DRS), whilst the SMC group had significantly higher scores. This trend was also apparent with other neuropsychological testing. The analysis of change over time in cognitive function showed that the majority of subjects (both SMC aMCI) either remained stable or improved their cognitive performance. It is likely that the small sample size and short follow-up interval of the present study contributed to the present observation of no change in cognitive function over time. Discussion: The present findings suggest that subjective memory complaints are a poor predictor of cognitive function. In isolation, SMC are unlikely to be useful for identifying cases with significant cognitive impairment. This is particularly relevant for subjects under the age of 70 years. However, for subjects over the age of 70 years, SMC are likely to identify significant cases with neuropsychological assessment (such as animal fluency and delayed recall). Conclusion: The present study showed that SMC are a poor predictor of cognitive function in subjects under the age of 70 years. This study provided evidence that selected and relatively quick to administer formal neuropsychological tests of cognitive function (in particular tests of animal fluency and delayed recall) are better able to identify those at risk of developing cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease, at an earlier age. This would thus allow exposure to earlier treatment options, such as donepezil, aricept, vitamin E, and memantine”.
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Tarantello, Concetta. "The role of subjective memory complaints in predicting cognitive impairment associated with future Alzheimer’s disease: a community based study." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6190.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)In recent years there has been a substantial increase in research examining the role of subjective memory complaints (SMC) in cognitive function and Alzheimer’s disease. These studies have related SMC to many different cognitive outcomes, such as retaining normal cognitive function, a fluctuating cognitive performance and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Most of these studies have focused on older populations and have employed a limited assessment of cognitive function. This limits the available evidence regarding the clinical utility of SMC. The literature on the role of SMC in younger subjects is scarce. It is not known whether memory complaints are useful in predicting future cases of Alzheimer’s disease in younger community-based subjects. Aims: The main aim of the present study was to determine whether SMC predict the development of cognitive impairment in a younger cohort of subjects, many of whom were under the age of 70 years (73%), based on their risk profile and neuropsychological assessment. A further aim was to ascertain whether the DRS or 7MS are sensitive screening tools for MCI and examine whether the presence of SMC affects the 3-year cognitive outcome of subjects. To address these aims, this study consisted of two parts: a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal follow-up component. Methods: This study was carried out with 86 community-dwelling subjects recruited via advertisement within the catchment area of Central Sydney Area Health Service. The mean age of the subjects was 63.1 years (SD=8.4). Subjective memory complaints were assessed using a single question. Cognitive function was assessed using a comprehensive battery of tests, selected on the basis of their sensitivity to identifying cognitive impairment typically associated with Alzheimer’s disease. After the initial analysis between those with SMC and without SMC, subjects were further classified according to their performance on an episodic memory task (i.e., delayed verbal recall, Rey, 1964) as having normal memory function, SMC or aMCI. Results: Part 1 - Subjective memory complaints (SMC) were reported by 63% of the sample. The initial analysis between subjects with SMC (n=54) and without SMC (n=32) suggested an initial relationship between SMC and cognitive functioning. Subjects with SMC had impaired global cognitive functioning on two brief screening tests (7MS and DRS), working memory, verbal recall and visuomotor speed. However, subsequent screening with the delayed verbal recall test showed that 12 of the 54 subjects with SMC demonstrated significant cognitive impairment, scoring 2 SD below the control group mean. After these subjects were removed to form the aMCI group, the cognitive differences between subjects with SMC and without SMC were no longer apparent. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of multiple cognitive deficits (below 1 SD of control group mean) with a high percentage of subjects demonstrating impairment on tests of verbal learning, verbal recall, verbal ability and visuomotor speed. Further analysis showed a significant association between age and subjects identified as having SMC (r=-.581, p<.001) and aMCI (r=.692, p<.001). From the age of 60 onwards, both the SMC and aMCI groups demonstrated a more rapid cognitive decline with increasing age in several cognitive domains. Part 2 - After a mean interval of 3.2 years, 43 subjects were followed up. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of greater decline on both screening tests (7MS; DRS), whilst the SMC group had significantly higher scores. This trend was also apparent with other neuropsychological testing. The analysis of change over time in cognitive function showed that the majority of subjects (both SMC aMCI) either remained stable or improved their cognitive performance. It is likely that the small sample size and short follow-up interval of the present study contributed to the present observation of no change in cognitive function over time. Discussion: The present findings suggest that subjective memory complaints are a poor predictor of cognitive function. In isolation, SMC are unlikely to be useful for identifying cases with significant cognitive impairment. This is particularly relevant for subjects under the age of 70 years. However, for subjects over the age of 70 years, SMC are likely to identify significant cases with neuropsychological assessment (such as animal fluency and delayed recall). Conclusion: The present study showed that SMC are a poor predictor of cognitive function in subjects under the age of 70 years. This study provided evidence that selected and relatively quick to administer formal neuropsychological tests of cognitive function (in particular tests of animal fluency and delayed recall) are better able to identify those at risk of developing cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease, at an earlier age. This would thus allow exposure to earlier treatment options, such as donepezil, aricept, vitamin E, and memantine”.
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Huang, Chaorui. "Mild cognitive impairment : neuroimaging markers for early diagnosis of dementia /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-633-2/.
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Wasielewski, Sean. "Discrimination of brain-damaged, depressed, and normal subjects using the Woodcock-Johnson tests of cognitive ability-revised." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117101.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the validity of the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability-Revised (WJTCA-R) in discriminating between individuals with neurological or psychiatric impairments and those without known impairment. The primary question was whether WJTCA-R Standard Battery test scores significantly differentiated between individuals with brain-damage (n = 36), depression (n = 21), and without known impairments (n = 32). Archival data obtained for the development of a new neuropsychological assessment measure utilizing the WJTCA-R was analyzed. The results of a discriminant functions analysis indicated that significant differences between the groups existed on the WJTCA-R. Based on WJTCA-R Standard Battery performance alone, participants had a 53% chance of being correctly classified into their diagnostic group. Brain-damaged individuals had the best chance of being correctly classified while correct classification of depressed individuals was only slightly greater than that obtained from random assignment. In addition to moderately supporting the use of a multi-factored, theory-driven assessment instrument, the results of this study have clinical relevance for the development of diagnosis-specific recommendations for brain-damaged and depressed individuals.Department of Educational Psychology
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Harrison, Benjamin James, and habj@unimelb edu au. "Functional imaging studies of executive-attention in humans comparing healthy subjects & patients with neuropsychiatric disorders." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060227.101116.
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One of the major goals of cognitive neuroscience is to better understand the psychological and
neural bases of human executive-attention. Executive or supervisory attention refers to a collection
of higher-order cognitive functions whose primary contribution to behavior is to support controlled
information processing and action. The capacity to control attention is essential for our adaptive
interaction with the environment because it allows flexibility in our responses to ever changing
situational contexts and demands. Executive-attention processes therefore play a unique role in
shaping the human experience.
Use of three-dimensional functional neuroimaging has fast become the empirical standard for
investigating how executive-attention is implemented in the human brain. Most recently, emphasis
has been placed on the use of these techniques to parse discrete components of a putative neural
network relating to action-monitoring and cognitive control processes of the medial and lateral
prefrontal cortex. This work has relied heavily on the use of popular experimental paradigms such
as the Stroop task and their unique capacity to challenge such processes in humans. These tasks
have also been especially useful for conceptualizing the nature of higher-cognitive dysfunction in
complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia.
The focus of this thesis concerns a novel application of the Stroop paradigm and functional imaging
approach to examine executive-attention performance in healthy subjects and patients with
schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. On one hand, this work aimed to address
current ideas on the nature of executive-control mechanisms and how they may be compromised in
these two common psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, this work aimed to examine important
conceptual and methodological issues associated with functional imaging approaches to the study
of higher-cognition and cognitive psychopathology in humans.
In line with connectionist models of executive-attention phenomena, the first study in this thesis
investigated the effects of task practice on a larger-scale neurocognitive network associated with
performance of the Stroop task in healthy subjects. This study involved the use of a novel methodological approach to model physiological covariances or ?functional connectivity? in PET
data, which generated previously unseen and interesting insights into the neural basis of Stroop
phenomena, whilst complimenting existing ideas on the role of the anterior cingulate and lateral
prefrontal cortex in mediating executive-control functions. These findings were then extended to a
comparative study of patients with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study
largely corroborated previous reports of prefrontal executive dysfunction in schizophrenia,
although patients also showed evidence for a compensatory strengthening of connectivity in a
fronto-parietal network that accompanied task practice. This finding has important implications for
existing models of higher-cognitive dysfunction and abnormal brain integration in schizophrenia.
For patients with OCD compared to healthy subjects, performance of the Stroop task evoked a
pattern of abnormal connectivity among predominantly corticostriatal regions, including a
previously reported hyperfunction of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. While this latter result
has been linked to a specific disturbance of action-monitoring in patients with OCD, the current
study suggests that this may map onto a more extensive corticostriatal network abnormality in line
with current theoretical models of this illness.
One caveat raised in the first study of patients with schizophrenia concerned the effects of illnesschronicity
and medication on functional imaging studies of higher-cognition and prefrontal
function in schizophrenia. To address this, a second clinical study was undertaken in patients with
a first-episode of schizophrenia (diagnosis confirmed at follow-up) who were examined before and
after commencing antipsychotic treatment. Overall, the findings from this study support the idea of
trait-like disturbances of prefrontal executive function in schizophrenia; however, they also
suggested that aspects of this disturbance may be specific to the critical, early stage of illness -
implicating progressive changes with illness chronicity and/or treatment intervention. These
findings are discussed in relation to the developmental context of cognitive psychopathology in
schizophrenia.
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Aubin, Ginette. "Daily activities in people with schizophrenia : relationships with cognition and community functioning." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115848.
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While most people with schizophrenia face the functional consequences of a lifelong disorder, very few studies have investigated the specific domain of daily living activities performance. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationships between daily activity performance, cognitive deficits, and community functioning in people with schizophrenia. More specifically, the objectives were: 1) to describe functional limitations during daily task performance, 2) to explore the existence of subgroups of participants with similar functional limitations profiles, 3) to explore the relationships between daily task performance and cognitive functions as well as 4) with community functioning. This thesis tested the hypothesis that limitations in task performance negatively influence community functioning.A sample of 82 individuals with schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls participated in this study and were assessed during a meal preparation task with the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis and on cognitive tests of visuospatial memory, spatial working memory, visuomotor coordination, planning and selective attention. Community functioning was assessed with the Independent living Skills Survey and the Multnomah Community Ability Scale. Limitations in the Perceive, Recall and Plan quadrants of the PRPP System, were found in participants with schizophrenia when compared to a control group (n = 28), as well as in the complete sample (n = 82). Participants in the high-efficiency subgroup ( n =36) were more independent in daily living and performed better on the visuospatial associative learning task than the low-efficiency subgroup (n = 46). At the specific level of individual profiles, participants were distributed along a continuum of low- to high-functioning on the PRPP System factors and on functional, cognitive, and clinical characteristics.
The associative learning task was most associated with task performance, along with working memory and planning. Finally, less efficient planning skills were associated with a lower level of community functioning, confirming the hypothesis. These results emphasize the relationship of associative visual memory to daily task performance, as well as that of efficiency in daily activities for residential status. Integrating these findings into the rehabilitation process will contribute to better meeting the needs of people with schizophrenia.
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李永浩 and Wing-ho Peter Lee. "Information processing deficits and outcome patterns in schizophrenic patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231858.
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Harris, Rebekah Lynn. "Neurocognitive implications of diabetes on dementia as measured by an extensive neuropsychological battery." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9774/.
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Diabetes is a disease with a deleterious pathology that currently impacts 4.5 million individuals within the United States. This study examined the ability of a specific neuropsychological battery to identify and classify dementia type, investigated the impact of diabetes on cognition and analyzed the ability of the memory measures of the 7 Minute Screen (7MS) and the Rey-Osterrieth Recall to correctly categorize dementia type when not used in combination with a full battery. The battery in addition to exhaustive patient history, medical chart review and pertinent tests were used in initial diagnosis. Results indicated the battery was sufficient in the identification and classification of dementia type. Within the sample, diabetes did not appear to significantly impact overall battery results whereby only two measures were minimally affected by diabetes. Finally, the memory measures of the 7MS and the Rey-Osterrieth Recall were sufficient to predict membership into the Alzheimer's (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) groups with 86.4% accuracy. The classification percentage dropped to 68.3% with addition of the mild cognitive impairment category. The full battery correctly classified AD and VD dementia 87.5% and appeared to be the most robust.
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Sit, Bik-yan Sonia, and 薛碧茵. "Cognitive function in Chinese stroke patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010390.
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McCann, Geoff. "The Use Of The Cognitive Status Examination In Detecting Cognitive Impairment In Elderly People." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1538.
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Dementia is a growing social problem in Australia because as the population ages, the incidence of dementia increases. While the prevalence rates are only about I% at age 65, they double every five years until by 85 years of age the rate is over 24%. It is expected that by the year 2030, the number of elderly people with dementia will increase by 200%. Dementia is easily recognized in its advanced stages but can be overlooked in the early phase. Family members, care-givers and even the treating medical practitioner may mistakenly attribute the early decline in mental function to the normal aging process. A diagnostic instrument that is easy to administer and score yet is sensitive and specific to the detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly may prove to be of significant benefit to clinicians and assist care-givers and family members in treatment decisions, accommodation requirements and the timely provision of a range of support services. This study investigates the use of the Cognitive Status Examination (CSE) for detecting brain impairment in elderly people. The Cognitive Status Examination comprises the Cognitive Difficulties Scale and a Letter Symbol Substitution Task. It was developed as a screening instrument to detect Alcohol Related Brain Impairment and has proved to be 80% sensitive and 88% specific in detecting brain impairment in that group. This study extended those results to males and females aged 65 years and over with early dementia. A sample of 58 community-dwelling, elderly people aged 65 years and above and a clinical sample of 44 in-patients who were diagnosed with early dementia completed the Cognitive Status Examination. An existing groups, quasi-experimental research design was used. The Cognitive Status Examination proved to be marginally useful as a screening instrument for detecting cognitive impairment in elderly people with early stage dementia with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 93% when the original cut-off scores were used. A revised cut-off score, determined by trial and error, was developed. This resulted in a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 77.3%, but even with such ad hoc adjustments the CSE fell marginally short of the required 80% for both specifications. Use of the CSE may enable clinicians to utilize existing resources more effectively by referring elderly people in need to appropriate medical care, accommodation and community support services, but further research is required to confirm the revised cutting scores for the CSE. Regression analysis showed that a combination of the raw LST score and the BDI score gained over 90% sensitivity and specificity, and such an actuarial approach also shows promise for future development.
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Palmer, Katie. "Early detection of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in the general population : results from the Kungsholmen project /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-055-9/.
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Moreno, Maria del Pilar Quintero. "Perfil neuropsicológico de sujeitos com comprometimento cognitivo leve de uma amostra comunitária da cidade de São Paulo (Brasil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-17102014-122252/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O impacto na saúde pública dos transtornos neuropsiquiátricos como a demência e o comprometimento cognitivo tem aumentado com o aumento da população idosa de países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. O diagnóstico destas entidades requer confirmação objetiva da presença de prejuízo cognitivo, para a qual recomenda-se o uso de testes neuropsicológicos. OBJETIVO: Comparar o perfil neuropsicológico de sujeitos com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL), com um grupo de sujeitos considerados normais, provenientes de uma amostra comunitária identificada em um estudo de prevalência de demência e comprometimento cognitivo na cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODO: A amostra total (1.563 sujeitos de 60 ou mais anos de idade) foi selecionada aleatóriamente em três áreas com diferentes perfis sócio-econômicos em São Paulo. Os sujeitos foram classificados como CCL amnéstico, utilizando critérios adaptados de Petersen et al. (1999) usando os seguintes instrumentos: um questionário de queixas de memória de 10-pontos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), FOME e a escala internacional de atividades da vida diária (ADL-IS). Em uma segunda fase, os sujeitos foram submetidos novamente ao MEEM, ADL- IS, questionário (SRQ 20) para identificar sintomas psiquiátricos, e uma bateria de testes neuropsicológicos para avaliar: atenção (Dígitos de WMS-R, Trail Making Test), memória (Memória Lógica e Reprodução Visual de WMS-R, Selective Reminding Test - Buschke), praxia (desenho do relógio, Cubos do WAIS-R), linguagem (Teste de Nomeação de Boston, fluência verbal - animais) e QI estimado (Vocabulário e Cubos do WAIS-R). RESULTADOS: trinta e sete indivíduos classificados como CCL amnéstico e trinta e um classificados como normais completaram a avaliação. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto a: idade, gênero, anos de escolaridade, estado civil, classe social ou pontuações no MEEM ou no SRQ-20. Houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos nos seguintes testes: Trail Making A, Memória Lógica (evocação imediata e tardia), Selective Reminding Test (aprendizagem total), Reprodução Visual (evocação Imediata e tardia), Nomeação de Boston (nomeação e paragnosias), Cubos e QI Estimado, sendo que os indivíduos com CCL tiveram pior desempenho que os controles. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem que submetidos a uma bateria neuropsicológica abrangente, os dois grupos estudados apresentam diferenças significativas no desempenho não somente da memória mas também em outros domínios como atenção, linguagem e praxia. Estes achados sugerem que o conceito de CCL múltiplos domínios pode ser mais útil que o conceito de CCL amnéstico, quando são avaliados idosos que pertencem a uma amostra comunitáriaBACKGROUND: The impact on public health of neuropsychiatry disorders as dementia and mild cognitive impairment is growing as the population grows older in developing countries as Brazil. The diagnosis of these entities requires confirmation of cognitive impairment assessed by neuropsychological tests. OBJECTIVE: Compare the neuropsychological profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) individuals and Normal subjects from a community sample identified in a Prevalence Study of Dementia and MCI in São Paulo. METHOD: The total sample (1.563 subjects over 60 years old) was randomly selected from three different social class areas of São Paulo. The subjects were classified as amnestic MCI following criteria adapted from Petersen et al. (1999) using the following instruments: 10-point questionnaire on memory complaints, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, and Activities of Daily Living - International Scale (ADL-IS). In a second phase, patients were submitted to the MMSE, ADL- IS, Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ 20) to identify psychiatric symptom, and Neuropsychological test battery to evaluate: Attention (Digit Symbol from WMS-R, Trail Making Test), Memory (Logic Memory and Visual Reproduction from WMS-R, Selective Reminding Test - Buschke 1973), Praxis (Clock drawing, Block Design - WAIS-R), Language (Boston Naming Test and Verbal Fluency - animal) and Intelligence (Estimated Intellectual Quotient - Vocabulary and Block Design from WAISR). RESULTS: 37 subjects classified as amnestic MCI and 31 Normal controls completed the evaluation. We did not found significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, years of education, civil status, social class, MMSE and SRQ-20 scores. There were significant differences between MCI and controls in the following tests: Trail Making A, Logical Memory (Immediate and Delayed recall), Selective Reminding Test (total learning), Visual Reproduction (Immediate and delayed Recall), Boston Naming Test (Naming and Paragnosias), Block Design, and Estimated IQ in which MCI subjects had a worse performance than the elderly Controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the two groups evaluated through an extensive neuropsychological battery present differences in memory performance but also in other cognitive functions as attention, language and praxis. Perhaps the MCI multiple-domain concept would be more useful than the amnestic MCI considering individuals coming from community samples
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Lam, Wai-tak Ronny, and 林偉德. "Validation of modified fuld object-memory evaluation (FOME) for screening of geriatric population with cognitive impairment in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010730.
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Walts, Nancy S. "Multidimensional assessment of cognitively impaired adults age 65 years of age and older." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/535895.
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The purpose of the study was to validate the use of the Geriatric Functional Rating Scale (GFRS) in assessing cognitively impaired individuals 65 years of age and older to determine the need for institutionalization. The population of interest consisted of individuals 65 years of age and older exhibiting cognitive impairment and residing in Delaware County, Indiana. A nonrandomized two-group experimental design was utilized for the study. Eighty subjects were selected from two subpopulations consisting of 40 institutionalized and 40 noninstitutionalized elderly.Two geriatric assessment tools were used for the study, the Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Geriatric Functional Rating Scale (GFRS). The hypothesis for the study stated that the mean GFRS score of the noninstitutionalized subjects, the control group, would be significantly greater than the mean score of the institutionalized subjects, the experimental group.The MSQ scores as well as the means and standard deviations for the seven subscales of the GFRS were reported for the two groups. A one-tailed t-test was used to test the hypothesis. A decision with regard to the hypothesis was made at the .05 level.Findings of the study included the following:1. The subjects ranged in age from 65 to 92 years, were 90 percent female, and predominantly Protestant, 88 percent.2. The MSQ scores for the combined groups ranged from minimal cognitive impairment, 71 percent, to severe cognitive impairment, four percent.3. The total mean score on the GFRS for the institutionalized group was 6.8 indicating a need for institutionalization.4. The total score on the GFRS of the noninstitutionalized was over 10 times higher at 70.7.5. The noninstitutionalized group scored significantly higher in the GFRS (p<.00) than the institutionalized counterparts.In conclusion, the research supports the use of the Geriatric Functional Rating Scale in assessing the need for institutionalization in cognitively impaired individuals, 65 years of age and older in Delaware County, Indiana.Department of Educational Administration and Supervision
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Whaley, Mirtha Montejo. "Effect of personal and practice contexts on occupational therapists' assessment practices in geriatric rehabilitation." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002091.
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Souza, Andrea Silveira de. ""Espectroscopia de prótons na demência de Alzheimer e no comprometimento cognitivo"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-12042006-090739/.
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Estudamos os achados da espectroscopia de prótons no córtex parietal-cíngulo posterior e das escalas MEEM, BRDS e FAST em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer - DA, comprometimento cognitivo amnéstico - CCA e controles normais - CN. Apenas as razões NAA/Cr e MI/NAA diferenciaram (p < 0.002) os grupos DA e CN. Houve correlação significativa do NAA/Cr e do MI/NAA com o BRDS (pontuação total - PT; atividades cotidianas - AC) e FAST, e do MI/NAA com o MEEM. Houve acréscimo de 5% na especificidade (CN x DA; CN x CCA), e de 2.4% (CN x DA) e 3.4% (CN x CCA) na acurácia diagnóstica, ao adicionar as razões NAA/Cr e MI/NAA às escalas BRDS (PT e AC) e FAST, aumentando a detecção de indivíduos com CCA e DAWe studied the findings of proton spectroscopy of the posterior parietal-cingulate cortex, and of MMSE, BRDS and FAST scales in subjects with Alzheimer disease - AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment - MCI-A and normal controls - NC. Only NAA/Cr and MI/NAA differentiated (p < 0.002) the AD and NC groups. Significant correlation was found between NAA/Cr and MI/NAA with BRDS (total score - TS; everyday activities - EA) and FAST scales, and between MI/NAA and MMSE. Specificity increased in 5% (NC x AD; NC x MCI-A) and diagnostic accuracy in 2.4% (NC x AD) and 3.4% (NC x MCI-A) when NAA/Cr and MI/NAA ratios were added up to BRDS (TS & EA) and FAST scales, increasing MCI-A and AD detectability
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Lima, Danielle Ruiz de. "Funcionamento cognitivo, variáveis de uso e critérios diagnósticos do transtorno por uso de cocaína: um estudo envolvendo a correlação entre diferentes medidas de gravidade e suas implicações prognósticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-30012018-113658/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O transtorno por uso de cocaína (TUC) está associado a alterações de funcionamento cognitivo e a taxas modestas de sucesso no tratamento. O padrão de uso da substância parece influenciar a severidade destas alterações e pode representar um indicador importante na caracterização de gravidade do transtorno. Atualmente, as diretrizes de gravidade baseiam-se na soma de critérios diagnósticos da última versão do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-5), porém não se sabe quais os indicadores mais preditivos de alterações cognitivas e qual o impacto destes no prognóstico desta população. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho propôs investigar as associações entre as variáveis de uso de cocaína e a gravidade do transtorno com o funcionamento cognitivo de pacientes internados, e a relação destes indicadores com o prognóstico, três meses após a alta hospitalar. MÉTODOS: A amostra da análise inicial foi composta por 68 pacientes internados com o diagnóstico de TUC e os dados de prognóstico foram obtidos de 65 destes pacientes. As variáveis de interesse foram identificadas por meio da combinação de dados da Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), da Escala de Gravidade de Dependência, 6ª versão (ASI-6) e de prontuários, coletados no início do tratamento. A avaliação do funcionamento cognitivo foi introduzida após a negativação do teste toxicológico de urina. As análises de correlação foram investigadas através dos coeficientes de correlação de Pearson, Spearman e Kendall e para as análises de prognóstico foi utilizado o teste Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney visando a comparação entre pacientes abstinentes e nãoabstinentes. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas correlações significantes entre: precocidade do uso e mais erros no Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), parte C (P=.005); mais anos de uso de cocaína com pior pontuação em Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (FAB) (P=.017); e mais dias de uso recente com piores desempenhos nos testes Trail Making Test (TMT), parte A (P=.033), SCWT, parte C (P=.007), Dígitos Diretos (P=.034) e Dígitos Indiretos (P=.002). Não foram identificadas associações entre a soma dos critérios e aspectos do funcionamento cognitivo (P >.05). No entanto, na avaliação de prognóstico, o grupo de pacientes abstinentes apresentou menos critérios do DSM quando comparado ao grupo de pacientes não-abstinentes (P=.002). CONCLUSÕES: Uso recente de cocaína (em dias) foi a variável mais preditiva de pior desempenho cognitivo, em termos de velocidade de processamento, controle cognitivo, amplitude da atenção e memória de trabalho. Observou-se também associação entre precocidade e duração do uso com controle inibitório e funcionamento executivo, respectivamente. Por fim, pacientes com maior gravidade de sintomas (segundo o DSM-5) mostraram-se mais suscetíveis à recaída três meses após a alta hospitalar. Considerando a complexidade do fenômeno investigado e a heterogeneidade entre pacientes afetados, a integração de medidas objetivas, tais como dados de padrão de uso e de funcionamento cognitivo, à investigação dos sintomas clínicos deve contribuir para a identificação de subgrupos mais graves e vulneráveis à recaídaINTRODUCTION: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with changes in cognitive functioning and modest success rates in treatment. Substance use pattern appears to influence the severity of these alterations and may represent an important indicator for the characterization of the severity of the disorder. Currently, severity guidelines are based on the sum of diagnostic criteria of the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), but it is not clear which is the most predictive indicator of cognitive changes, neither how they impact the prognosis of this population. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the associations between cocaine use variables and the severity of the disorder with cognitive functioning of inpatients, as well the relationship between these indicators and the prognosis three months after hospital discharge. METHODS: The initial analysis sample consisted of 68 inpatients with a diagnosis of CUD and prognostic data were obtained from 65 of these patients. The variables of interest were identified by the combination of data from the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), Addiction Severity Index, 6th version (ASI-6) and medical records collected at treatment´s entry. The assessment of cognitive functioning was introduced after negativation of urine toxicology test. The correlation analyzes were investigated using Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficients, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used for the prognostic analyzes to compare abstinent and non-abstinent patients. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between: lower age of onset and more errors in the Stroop Color- Word Test (SCWT), part C (P=.005); more years of cocaine use and worse scores in the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) (P=.017); and more days of recent use and worst performances in the Trail Making Test (TMT), part A (P=.033), SCWT, part C (P=.007), Digit Span Forward (P=.034) and Backwards (P=.002). There were no significant correlations between sum of criteria and aspects of cognitive functioning (P >.05). However, based on the prognostic evaluation, the group of abstinent patients presented less DSM criteria when compared to the group of non-abstinent patients (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: Recent cocaine use (in days) was the most predictive variable of worst cognitive performance, in terms of processing speed, cognitive control, attention span and working memory. It was also observed associations between precocity and duration of use with inhibitory control and executive functioning, respectively. Finally, patients considered more severe (according to DSM-5) showed to be more vulnerable to relapse three months after hospital discharge. Considering the complexity of the investigated phenomenon and the heterogeneity among severely affected patients, the integration of objective measures, such as pattern of use and cognitive functioning data, to symptom investigation should favor the identification of subgroups more severe and vulnerable to relapse
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Serova, Svetlana. "Factor Structure of the Neurocognitive Battery in a Geriatric Sample with Cognitive Impairments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3615/.
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The present study was designed to empirically validate six theoretically derived cognitive domains (verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, attention-concentration, executive functions, and visuospatial abilities) assessed by a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests used in the Geriatric Memory Clinic at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas. The study examined the extent to which various cognitive dimensions are tapped by this battery in a heterogeneous geriatric sample of 114 patients with cognitive impairments. The proposed six-factor model of cognitive functioning has not been supported. Further exploratory factor analysis arrived at a five-factor solution. Factor pattern of the 23 tests supported the following five dimensions: memory, executive control, attention, visuospatial abilities, and cognitive flexibility.
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McBride-Houtz, Patricia (Patricia Ann). "Detecting Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: a Validation Study of Selected Screening Instruments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278127/.
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The present study investigated the criterion-based validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE), and the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) in a sample of older adults with suspected cognitive impairment. As cognitive screening tests, the MMSE, CCSE, and NCSE should predict performance relative to a more thorough testing procedure. In the present study, performance on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNTB) was employed as the criterion measure. Scores on the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (G-NDS), a global performance measure computed from the HRNTB, served as the standard by which to judge the presence of cognitive impairment. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of each screening test, as well as how well each screening test correlated with the G-NDS, were investigated. Results of this investigation found that, although the MMSE, CCSE, and NCSE were all significantly correlated with the G-NDS, only the NCSE demonstrated an appropriate balance between high sensitivity and specificity. When a rigorous neuropsychological evaluation was employed as the criterion standard, the NCSE accurately detected the presence of cognitive impairment: in 82% of the cases. The MMSE and CCSE, however, failed to detect cognitive deficits in approximately 80% of the cases. These findings strongly suggest that the MMSE and CCSE may have limited utility in the identification of cognitive impairment in older adults. The heightened sensitivity of the NCSE appears to be the result of several unigue features of the instrument, including a multidimensional scoring system and a graded series of increasingly difficult items within each ability area. Future studies need to examine the utility of the NCSE in other geriatric settings, as well as with more diverse populations suffering from a variety of organic mental syndromes.
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Flaks, Mariana Kneese. "Teste Breve de Perfomance Cognitiva (SKT): estudo de validação e propriedades diagnósticas em uma amostra clínica brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-05112008-112737/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Teste Breve de Performance Cognitiva (Syndrom Kurztest, SKT) (Erzigkeit, 2001) é um instrumento de rastreio cognitivo capaz de detectar déficits que caracterizam os estágios iniciais de demência ao avaliar as funções mnésticas e atencionais, com base na velocidade de processamento das informações. Pode ser usado em pacientes acamados. O escore total fornece dados quanto à severidade da doença. Resultados também podem ser avaliados quanto aos domínios de memória e atenção, permitindo que se dimensione a homogeneidade ou discrepância destes. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo tem como objetivos validar a versão brasileira do SKT e analisar suas propriedades diagnósticas em uma amostra clínica brasileira de sujeitos idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. MÉTODOS: Duzentos e sete sujeitos foram avaliados. O diagnóstico de consenso foi estabelecido por equipe multidisciplinar especializada, com base em dados clínicos, neuropsicológicos e de neuroimagem. A amostra foi composta por 45 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA); 82 com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL), e 80 controles normais (CN). Os dados foram avaliados considerando-se dois níveis educacionais ( 8 anos ou > 8 anos de estudo). RESULTADOS: As versões A e B do teste apresentaram alta consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach =0,83 e 0,86, respectivamente), fidedignidade interavaliadores (p<0,001) e concordância entre suas duas versões (p<0,001). Os escores do SKT apontam para forte correlação com o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) (r=-0,66; p<0,001) e com o Teste do Desenho do Relógio (TDR) (r=-0,57; p<0,001). Análise das curvas ROC indicou que o SKT é capaz de discrimina, para ambos os níveis educacionais, DA de CCL e CN, porém perde sua acurácia para discriminar CCL de CN. O SKT sofre leve influência da escolaridade. CONCLUSÕES: O SKT mantém as propriedades psicométricas originais e aponta para correlação significativa entre o MEEM, TDR e diagnóstico de consenso. Os achados sugerem que o teste é um adequado instrumento de rastreio para diferenciar a conversão de CCL para DA. É levemente influenciado pela escolaridade e pode não discriminar adequadamente sujeitos CCL de CNBACKGROUND: The Short Cognitive Performance Test (Syndrom Kurztest, SKT) (Erzigkeit, 2001) is a bedside cognitive screening test capable of detecting deficits that characterize the early stages of dementia, as it evaluates memory and attention skills, taking into account the speed of information processing. The total score provides information about the severity of the disease. Results can also be interpreted in terms of attention and memory sub-scores to evaluate the homogeneity or discrepancy of deficits in these two domains. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to validate the Brazilian version of the SKT, and to examine its diagnostic properties in a clinical sample of elderly individuals with cognitive impairment. METHODS: Two hundred and seven subjects were assessed. Consensus diagnoses were established by an expert multidisciplinary team, considering clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging data. The sample was characterized in 45 patients with Alzheimers disease (AD); 82 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 80 normal controls (NC). These data were provided for two educational levels (low: 8 years; or high: > 8 years). RESULTS: Versions A and B of the test display high internal consistency (Cronbachs =.83 and .86, respectively), good inter-rater reliability (p<.001), and concordance between the two versions (p<.001). SKT scores correlate with the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) (r=-.66; p<.001) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) (r=-.57; p<.001). In both education strata, ROC analyses suggested that the SKT adequately discriminates AD from MCI and CN, but is less accurate to discriminate MCI from CN. The SKT suffers mild education bias. CONCLUSIONS: The SKT maintains its original psychometric properties and display significant correlation with the MMSE, CDT, and the consensus diagnosis. These findings suggest that the SKT is a good screening instrument to differentiate the transitional progress of MCI to AD. It is subject to mild educational bias, and may not adequately separate CN from patients with MCI
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Tatsch, Mariana Franciosi. ""Sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais em pacientes com demência de amostra representativa da comunidade de São Paulo: prevalência, relação com gravidade da demênciae com estresse do cuidador"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-28042006-135736/.
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Sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais da demência (SPCD) são comuns e associados com pior prognóstico, altos custos no cuidado, aumento de estresse do cuidador e institucionalização precoce. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a prevalência de SPCD em uma amostra populacional com 60 anos ou mais da cidade de São Paulo, com diagnóstico de Demência de Alzheimer (DA) e comprometimento cognitivo sem demência (CIND), bem como correlacioná-la com a gravidade dos déficits cognitivos e com estresse do cuidador. De 1560 indivíduos entrevistados, 42 receberam o diagnóstico de DA e 16 de CIND. Um total de 70,5% de indivíduos com DA apresentou um ou mais SPCD. Apatia (56,09% dos indivíduos), depressão (48,78%), alteração do sono (34,14%), e ansiedade (29,26%) foram os sintomas mais prevalentes em DA. Estas alterações foram significativamente mais prevalentes no grupo com DA do que no grupo de controles sadios e com CIND. Embora o grupo com CIND tenha apresentado mais sintomas do que o grupo de controles normais, não houve diferença significativa entre ambos. Alucinação, agitação/agressão, depressão, apatia, comportamento motor aberrante e alterações do sono foram significativamente mais prevalentes nos estágios mais avançados da doença. Os sintomas que mais se correlacionaram com estresse do cuidador foram delírios, agitação/agressão, comportamento motor aberrante e desinibiçãoBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and associated with worse prognosis, higher costs of care, increased caregiver burden and earlier nursing home entry. The purpose of this study is to determine BPSD prevalence in Alzheimer Disease (AD) and cognitively impaired not dement (CIND) diagnosis in a community sample with 60 years or over of São Paulo city, and correlate these with intensity of cognitive deficit and caregiver burden. Of the 1560 individual interviewed, 42 had AD and 16 had CIND. An overall of 70,5% of individuals with AD reported one or more BPSD. Apathy (56,09% of individuals), depression (48,78%), sleep alterations (34,14%), and anxiety (29,26%) were the most prevalent disturbances in AD. These disturbances were significantly more prevalent in participants with AD than in those normal and with CIND. Although the CIND group had more symptoms than normal control group, this difference was not significant. Hallucination, agitation/aggression, depression, apathy, aberrant motor behavior and sleep alterations were significantly more common in participants with advanced dementia. The symptoms that highly correlate with caregiver burden were delusion, agitation/aggression, aberrant motor behavior and disinhibition
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Krane, Erica A. "Functional impairments associated with DSM-IV diagnosed adult attention-deficithyperactivity disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82905.
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It has recently been recognized that adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a valid disorder (Gadow & Weiss, 2001). Much less is known, however, about the assessment of ADHD, and about the functional impairments associated with ADHD, in adults compared to children. The objective of the present study was to characterize the functional impairments in DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD adults compared to community control adults and clinic-referred adults reporting symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity who did not meet symptom thresholds for the disorder. Method. The sample for this study consisted of 120 adults: 47 adults with ADHD, 43 clinic-referred adults who did not meet criteria for ADHD, and 30 community control adults. All were assessed with a comprehensive battery assessing psychiatric, cognitive, school, and driving impairment. Results. ADHD adults showed significantly more impairment than community control adults on all outcome measures. ADHD adults had subtle cognitive deficits, and higher rates of lifetime conduct problems compared to clinic-comparison adults. ADHD adults did not differ reliably from clinic-comparison adults on measures of internalizing disorders, school problems, or driving impairment. Clinic-comparison adults showed significantly more impairment than community control adults on measures of psychiatric functioning and school impairment. Conclusions. DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD adults show a pattern of clinical features that mirrors well-documented findings among children with the disorder, and show significantly greater impairment than do community control adults. Adults meeting some, but not all, criteria for ADHD fall in between ADHD adults and community control adults, and may warrant treatment. Our results highlight the importance of assessing ADHD in adults in a manner that attends to the potential reduced sensitivity of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for use in adult populations (Faraon
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Steuerwald, Brian L. "Identifying schizotypal personality disorder using the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC)." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722235.
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Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC) were related to interview derived ratings of DSM-III-R schizotypal personality disorder and other personality disorders in a non-clinical college sample was examined. Moderate correlations between the RISC and schizotypal scores, but not between the RISC and other personality disorders, provided support for the validity and suggested reasonable specificity for the instrument. RISC scores correlated the greatest with schizotypal symptoms that reflect a strong cognitive component (e.g., perceptual illusions) but did not correlate with symptoms associated with social adaptation or interpersonal functioning (e.g., excessive social anxiety). Cutoff scores set at approximately 2 S.D. above the RISC mean best discriminated between non-cases and cases of subthreshold and definite schizotypal personality disorder. Limitations of the RISC and suggestions for future research are discussed.Department of Psychological Science
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Thorpe, Susan Jane. "Cognitive processes in specific phobias and their treatment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6697f28-16f3-4771-af14-4aa47aaaf4d3.
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McLaren, Tom. "Assessing attentional disorders using cognitive and neuropsychological measures." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897471.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the relative importance of cognitive and neuropsychological measures in the diagnosis of Attentional disorders. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the Halstead Reitan Test Battery for Children (HNTB-C) were examined to assess their independent and shared contribution to the prediction of variance of Factor I (Undiscipline/Poor Self Control) of the Personality Inventory for Children.Subjects for this study were 100 9 to 14 year old boys and girls referred to an outpatient psychological assessment clinic. Question 1 examined the ability of the Freedom from Distractibility factor (FD) and the individual scales of the WISC-R to predict variability in the PIC Factor I. Results showed that the FD factor did not predict any variance in Factor I, however, the individual scales of the WISC-R accounted for 14% of variance in Factor I of the PIC. Question 2 examined the variability accounted for by selected tests of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for Children (HNTB-C) beyond that provided by the WISC-R. It was found that the HNTB-C accounted for 10% of the variability of Factor I of the PIC beyond that found with the FD scale or the individual scales of the WISC-R. The tests of the HNTB-C when examined without the WISC-R accounted for 17% of the variability in the PIC Factor I. Implications for use of neuropsychological measures in assessment of attentional disorders and lack of reliability of traditional cognitive measures were discussed.Department of Educational Psychology
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Calado, Vanessa Tome Gonçalves. "Desempenho de indivíduos acometidos por traumatismo cranioencefálico no teste n-back auditivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-03012014-150743/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O termo memória operacional (MO) refere-se a um constructo cognitivo capaz de armazenar e manter a informação acessível para uso determinado por um tempo limitado, possibilitando a manipulação de diversas informações simultâneas e sequenciais como operações matemáticas longas ou complexas, compreensão de palavras pouco frequentes, extensas ou frases complexas. A linguagem está entre as funções cognitivas que dependem do funcionamento da memória operacional e pode estar comprometida em várias condições patológicas, dentre elas o traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). Dados da literatura referentes a essa população ainda são restritos ou pouco consistentes. OBJETIVOS: investigar se o teste n-back é uma medida válida para identificar o déficit de memória em pacientes com TCE, estabelecer nota de corte e curva ROC do teste n-back, comparar o desempenho entre os indivíduos saudáveis e aqueles que sofreram TCE, comparar o teste n-back com os testes de linguagem e aspectos da lesão neurológica, tais como gravidade e tempo, tempo de coma e localização hemisférica da lesão nos resultados para verificar o desempenho e a relevância na separação dos casos em pacientes e controles.MÉTODOS: 53 indivíduos brasileiros (26 adultos com TCE e 30 adultos saudáveis) foram avaliados por bateria de estímulos verbais auditivos para verificar diferenças inter-grupos na capacidade de processamento da memória operacional, quanto ao numero de respostas corretas (acurácia), capacidade máxima de processamento na memória operacional (span) e também verificar a relação da memória operacional com habilidades linguísticas, através da comparação de testes. RESULTADOS: na comparação entre os pacientes e os indivíduos do grupo controle observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos tanto para os testes de base quanto para os resultados do n-back. Os grupos foram estatisticamente pareados em relação às variáveis sócio-demográficas (idade, escolaridade e gênero). O modelo estatístico com as variáveis do teste n-back demonstrou ótima separação dos casos em pacientes/ controle com a área sob a curva ROC de 89%. O modelo também mostrou convergência com os testes de linguagem para compreensão auditiva de sentenças, fluência verbal e aspectos discursivos-pragmáticos e com o nível cognitivo. O lado da lesão foi estatisticamente significante para o n-back, fluência verbal e discurso conversacional. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que o n-back na maneira como foi desenhado é capaz de diferenciar os indivíduos alterados e os normais na habilidade de memória operacional. No estudo foi possível discriminar o comportamento de indivíduos com lesão encefálica adquirida e indivíduos saudáveis quanto à medida de acurácia e capacidade máxima de manipulação da informação na memória operacional. Esse comportamento reflete o funcionamento linguístico e cognitivo que se correlaciona com o mecanismo de memória operacionalINTRODUCTION: The term working memory (WM) refers to a construct cognitive capability of storing and keeping information on line to a determined use for a limited time, enabling the manipulation of diverse simultaneous and sequential information such as long or complex mathematical operations, comprehension of less frequent words, extensive or complex sentences. The language is among the cognitive functions which depends on the operational memory behavior and may be engaged in many pathological conditions, among them the TBI (traumatic brain injury). Literature dada relative to such population are still restrict or weak. AIM: investigate whether the n -back task is a valid measure for identifying memory deficits in patients with TBI; establish cutoff and ROC curve of n-back task; to compare performance between normals individuals and those who have suffered TBI; to compare n-back task with tests of language and aspects of neurological injury, such as severity, coma and hemispheric laterality of the lesion to verify the performance and relevance in the separation of cases. METHODOS: 53 individuals Brazilians (26 adults with TBI and 30 healthy adults) were assessed by a battery of auditory verbal stimuli for detecting differences between groups in the processing capacity of working memory, as the accuracy and span also check the relationship of working memory to language skills, through the comparison tests. RESULTS: in the comparison between patients and control subjects was observed statistically significant differences between groups thus to the tests as the basis tests as to results of the n -back. The groups were statistically matched in relation to socio-demographic variables (age, education and gender). The statistical model with variables of the n -back test showed good separation of cases where patients / control with the area under the ROC curve of 89 % . The model also showed convergence with language tests for auditory comprehension of sentences, verbal fluency and pragmatic - discursive aspects and the cognitive level. The side of the lesion was statistically significant for the n -back, verbal fluency and conversational discourse. CONCLUSION: the results demonstrated that the n-back on the way it was designed is able to distinguish the changed individuals and the normal on the working memory ability. On the study it was possible to discriminate the behaviors of individuals with acquired brain injury and healthy individuals regarding the accuracy and maximum capacity of manipulating information on the working memory. Such behavior reflects the linguistic and cognitive function which correlates with the working memory mechanism
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Marin, Sheilla de Medeiros Correia. "Avaliação fonoaudiológica da deglutição na demência frontotemporal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-26082014-111637/.
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Introdução: A deglutição e suas características principais ainda são desconhecidas na demência frontotemporal. Objetivos: Caracterizar a deglutição e o comportamento alimentar de pacientes com diagnóstico de demência frontotemporal que apresentam a variante comportamental (DFTvc) e a afasia progressiva primária (APP). Caracterizar os pacientes com DFT e seus cuidadores. Descrever aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais, funcionalidade global, comunicação funcional, e a funcionalidade da deglutição na DFT. Descrever os problemas de deglutição e do comportamento alimentar na DFTvc e APP. Correlacionar os aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais, funcionalidade global e a comunicação com as características da deglutição. Identificar fatores preditivos da piora da funcionalidade da deglutição e do comportamento alimentar na DFT. Avaliar o comportamento dos instrumentos empregados. Desenvolver a versão reduzida do Questionário de Habilidades de Alimentação e Deglutição nas Demências e do Questionário de Comunicação Funcional na Afasia. Método: Este estudo incluiu 46 indivíduos com DFT nas fases leve, moderada e grave, e seus 46 cuidadores. O Mini exame do estado mental (MEEM) e o Mini exame do estado mental grave (MEEM-g) foram usados para avaliar os aspectos cognitivos. A Escala de estadiamento da demência (CDR-DLFT) foi usada para confirmar a fase da doença. O Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico (INP) foi aplicado para investigar os problemas comportamentais. A Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (BAF) investigou as funções executivas. O Índice das Atividades de Vida Diária (Katz), Questionário para Avaliação da Comunicação Funcional na Afasia (QACFA) e a Escala de funcionalidade da deglutição (EFD) avaliaram as habilidades funcionais. O Questionário de Habilidades de Alimentação e Deglutição nas Demências (QHADD) avaliou as dificuldades na deglutição e alimentação. Resultados: Os grupos DFTvc e APP não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante no MEEM, CDR e BAF. Os cuidadores dos pacientes com DFTvc apresentaram mais horas de cuidado por dia em comparação aos pacientes com APP (p<0,05). Os grupos diferiram na EFD (p < 0,05). As características comportamentais que foram significantes na comparação entre os grupos DFTvc e APP foram: delírio, desinibição, comportamento motor aberrante e distúrbios do sono(p < 0,05) e alucinação (p=0,01). Os pacientes com DFTvc tiveram mais problemas de deglutição do que os pacientes com APP, tais como: tosse e engasgos, dificuldade com alguma consistência alimentar e dificuldade com alimento específico. Os problemas de deglutição na DFTvc se correlacionaram com a funcionalidade, aspectos cognitivos (p < 0,05), com a função executiva e com o comportamento (p < 0,01). Na APP, o subtipo semântico apresentou mais problemas de deglutição, tais como: escape de saliva e comida da boca, múltiplas deglutições, atraso na iniciação da deglutição e engasgos, estas características se correlacionaram com a ansiedade (p < 0,01), apatia e comportamento motor aberrante (p=0,01). Os problemas do comportamento alimentar foram mais frequentes no subtipo logopênico e se correlacionaram com dificuldades de comunicação. Os principais fatores preditivos da piora da funcionalidade da deglutição foram: declínio funcional, alterações comportamentais e o comprometimento da comunicação. Os problemas de deglutição foram observados em todas as fases da demência. A BAF foi o único instrumento que não apresentou uma boa confiabilidade interna. Conclusão: Problemas na deglutição foram observados nas duas variantes desde os estágios iniciais da demência. As alterações comportamentais, cognitivas e funcionais, e dificuldades na comunicação comprometeram as fases antecipatória e preparatória oral da deglutição. Por causa destas alterações, os cuidadores tiveram dificuldade no gerenciamento da situação de alimentação. Nosso estudo desenvolveu questionários resumidos para avaliar a deglutição e a comunicação funcionalIntroduction: Swallowing and its main characteristics are still unknown in frontotemporal dementia. Objectives: To characterize swallowing and feeding behavior of patients with frontotemporal dementia who have behavioral variant (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). To characterize patients with FTD and their caregivers.To describe cognitive and behavioral aspects, functionalstatus, functional communication, and swallowing function in FTD.To describe swallowing problems and feeding behavior in bvFTD and PPA. To correlate cognitive and behavioral aspects, functional status, and communication with swallowing. To identify predictive factors associated with worsening of functionality of swallowing and feeding behavior in FTD. To evaluate the instruments used. To develop reduced versions of: \"Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia\" and \"Functional Outcome Questionnaire Aphasia\". Method: This study included 46 individuals with FTD in mild, moderate and severe phases, and their 46 caregivers. The Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and the Severe Mini mental state examination (SMMSE) were used to assess the cognitive aspects. The FTLD-modified Clinical Dementia Rating scale (FTLD-CDR) was used to confirm the stage of the disease. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was applied to investigate the behavioral problems. The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) investigated executive functions. The Index of Activities of Daily Living (Katz), Functional Outcome Questionnaire- Aphasia and Swallowing rating scale (SRE) evaluated the functional abilities. The Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia (QHADD) evaluated the difficulties in swallowing and feeding. Results: bvFTD and PPA groups showed no statistically significant difference in MMSE, CDR and FAB. Caregivers of patients with bvFTD had more hours of care per day compared to patients with PPA (p < 0.05). The groups differed in SRE (p < 0.05). The behavioral characteristics that were significant in the comparison between bvFTD and PPA groups were delirium, disinhibition, aberrant motor behavior and sleep disturbances (p < 0.05), and hallucinations (p = 0.01). Patients with bvFTD had more swallowing problems than patients with PPA, such as coughing and choking, difficulty with some food consistency and difficulty with specific food. Swallowing problems in bvFTD correlated with functionality, with the cognitive aspects (p < 0.05), with executive function and behavior (p < 0.01). In PPA, the semantic subtype showed more swallowing problems such as escape of saliva and food in mouth, multiple swallows, delay in initiation of swallowing and choking, these characteristics correlated with anxiety (p < 0.01), apathy and aberrant motor behavior (p = 0.01). The problems of feeding behavior were more frequent in logopenic subtype and correlated with communication difficulties. The major predictors of worsening of swallowing function were: functional decline, behavioral changes and impaired communication. Swallowing problems were observed at all stages of dementia. The BAF was the only instrument that had bad internal reliability. Conclusion: Swallowing problems were observed in the two variants from the early stages of dementia. Behavioral, cognitive and functional changes, and difficulties in communication compromised the anticipatory and oral preparatory phase of swallowing. Because of these changes, caregivers had difficulty in managing the feeding situation. Our study developed reduced versions of questionnaires to assess swallowing and functional communication
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Gaboury, Allison R. "Construct validity and diagnostic utility of the cognitive assessment system : discriminating individuals with ADHD from random normals /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131559529.pdf.
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Ter-Stepanian, Mariam. "Executive functioning in children diagnosed with ADHD : examining DSM-IV subtypes and comorbid disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111520.
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Objective. To examine the profile of executive function (EF) performance in children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as function of their subtypes and comorbid disorders. Methods. Two hundred and eighteen, 6-12 year old children clinically diagnosed with ADHD were characterised according to their clinical profile. Various EF domains were assessed while children were not on medication. General cognitive performance was assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Results. 54.1% of children were diagnosed with combined subtype, 34.9% with inattentive subtype and 11% with hyperactive subtype. Significant age difference was found in ADHD subtype distribution and significant age and IQ difference was found in EF performance. After controlling for age and IQ no association was found between EF and ADHD subtypes or EF and comorbid disorders. Conclusion. These results indicate that age and IQ play an important role in cognitive task performance.
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Wong, Mei Yi Amy. "Does cognitive functioning help distinguish subjects with dissociative identity disorder from those with schizophrenia?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/116348/1/Mei%20Yi%20Amy_Wong_Thesis.pdf.
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Dissociative identity disorder (DID) shares clinical features with schizophrenia and differentiating these disorders can be difficult. This study aims to determine whether cognitive functioning and indicators of cognitive decline can distinguish DID from schizophrenia. Findings of this study suggest a simple cognitive task combined with a measurement of estimated premorbid cognitive functioning helps distinguish those with a diagnosis of DID from schizophrenia where clinical symptoms alone do not permit clear differentiation.
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Ivanova, N. M. "Correlation of anxiety-depressive disorders and cognitive impairment due to stroke. Features of early diagnosis and treatment." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18976.
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Shasky, Lee. "Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, reading disorder, and comorbidity : a comparative case study of cognitive profile interpretation in practice." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1379128.
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Based on phenomenology, traditional methods of diagnoses of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined type (ADHD/C) and reading disorder (RD) are neither precise, nor do they provide explicit information relevant to intervention. Consequently, current researchers have called for diagnostic techniques based on etiological rather than traditional symptom-based markers. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not WJ III cognitive profiles of individual students provided meaningful diagnostic evidence of ADHD/C and/or RD congruent with prominent theories and group scores from quantitative studies. Six holistic student cases were examined. Two were prequalified with ADHD/C, two with RD, and two with ADHD/C+RD using traditional symptom-based diagnosis. Data were drawn from archived psychoeducational evaluation case files including background information, psychosocial evaluations, and WJ III cognitive profiles. Contextual mediators such as testing room conditions, behavioral observations, and developmental histories were examined that might influence the interpretation of cognitive profiles within the school setting.Among the four students prequalified with RD, three students displayed the requisite cognitive profile of weaknesses on clusters of Phonemic Awareness-3 and/or Cognitive Fluency. A review of distinctive contexts in the fourth student's case as well as the absence of the expected RD cognitive profile supported the determination that his reading problems were secondary to ADHD/C. These findings produced theoretical as well as literal replications of the double-deficit theory of RD. Results were less clear among the four students prequalified with ADHD/C due to varying performances on tests of Broad Attention and Executive Processes--cognitive factors documented by the behavioral inhibition theory of ADHD/C. As expected, students prequalified with ADHD/C+RD displayed a wider range of deficits, presumably due to the additive effect of having two disorders. The mediating influence of idiosyncratic contexts underscored the importance of professional judgment in cognitive profile interpretation.Although it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between academic performance deficits associated with ADHD/C and skills deficits associated with RD, it was shown that cognitive profiles in concert with a comprehensive psychoeducational evaluation can, in some cases, provide etiological evidence for differential diagnosis and a guide for intervention. More practice-based research within ecologically valid environments is recommended.Department of Educational Psychology
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Brown, Maria D. "Does Retrieval Practice Among Medical Trainees Promote Recognition, Diagnosis and Treatment of Eating Disorders?" The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606914020488199.
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Chan, C. S. J. "The cognitive vulnerability to depressive rumination in people diagnosed with major depressive disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1336874/.
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This research project focuses on the cognitive process of rumination and its association to depression. Part one of the project is a literature review, which aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on the relations between rumination and the major cognitive processes in people with depression. A systematic search identified 25 studies in the existing literature which fulfilled the basic requirements of studying rumination and at least one other cognitive process with valid measure(s) or experimental manipulations in people with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. These studies covered 8 domains of cognitive deficits and biases related to rumination. They included overgeneralised memory, memory biases, thinking biases, attentional biases, inhibitory deficits, impairments in general resource allocation, maladaptive thought control strategies, and problem-solving deficits. The review investigated the conclusions made by these studies in terms of their suggestions on the interrelations between depressive symptoms, rumination, the cognitive process in question. Particular attention was paid to each study's conceptualisation of rumination, and whether it addressed subcomponents of rumination which underlie its negative effects. Part two consisted of the empirical paper. The empirical study focussed on the ability of one particular hypothesis - the mood-as-input model -to explain the mechanisms underlying the perseverative thinking style which characterised depressive rumination. Using a rumination interview paradigm, it compared participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) with healthy controls for the extent of their perseverative thinking during the rumination task. The performance of each participant in both the depressed and control group was also measured and contrasted across two experimental conditions. In each these conditions, participants were asked to adopt either an 'as-much-as-can' or a 'feel-like-continuing' stop-rule as guidelines for decision making on how and when to terminate the task. Results indicated that the interaction of depressive symptoms and 'stop-rule' significantly influenced perseveration in all participants. Participants' changes of mood during the rumination task, as well as their spontaneous selection of stop-rule in their daily life were also explored. Finally, the critical appraisal in part three offered a reflection on the my motivations for undertaking this research and some reasons for the important decisions made in the process. It also provided further discussions on the designs and methodologies of the experimental study, and the research and clinical implications of its findings.
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Sachse, Sandy. "The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for individuals with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2805.
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This study investigated the discharge practice of a Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) by examining records (electronic and file) of clients discharged between April 2005 and March 2006. Out of a total of 211 discharged clients a random sample of 20 clients was selected to examine the extent to which records and reasons for discharge adhere to current CMHT policies and guidelines. In addition, a sample of clients who had been engaged by the CMHT for 6 months or less was compared to a sample of clients who have been engaged for 1 year or longer to establish whether these differed in sociodemographic characteristics, diagnoses and extent of service provision. The majority of clients discharged during the specified period consisted of clients engaged for 6 months or less. The sampling process revealed that a proportion of these included clients seen for one-off assessments or duty calls, indicating that there is room for improvement to clarify referral criteria (e.g. to GPs) and the role of the CMHT. Similarly, the examination of recording practice also revealed room for improvement in the closing of care packages electronically and inclusion of required information in discharge letters. Almost 50% of clients in the sample were discharged following a decline of any further intervention the reasons for which it will be important to investigate in the form of an audit or survey of service user’s views. Clients engaged for 6 months or less and 1 year or longer seemed to differ mostly in terms of employment rates, diagnosis and previous inpatient admission and mental health act sections. The findings are discussed in relation to the limitations of this study, implications for the service and further research.
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Kerr, Sharyn. "Early behavioural markers in autism spectrum disorders : implications for theories of autism." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0057.
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[Truncated abstract] There are few existing screening instruments designed to identify Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) at an early age, such as the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). Unfortunately, many are limited in their ability to identify children at risk in the first two years of life while displaying an acceptable level of reliability. Given this limitation, the present study aimed to identify any additional early markers of ASD from either the retrospective analysis of early autistic symptomatology (parental report and video analysis of footage made before the diagnosis) or performance-based measures linked to different theoretical accounts of ASD. Specifically, measures addressing theory of mind, executive dysfunction and weak central coherence were developed. In the first study, parents of three groups of children those of typical development (n = 19, mean CA = 26 months), children with an ASD (n = 39, mean CA = 34 months) and children with developmental delay (n = 14, mean CA = 28 months) were interviewed about their child's early development. In the first study, parents of three groups of children those of typical development (n = 19, mean CA = 26 months), children with an ASD (n = 39, mean CA = 34 months) and children with developmental delay (n = 14, mean CA = 28 months) were interviewed about their child's early development. Several behaviours discriminated children with ASD from children with typical development and children with delayed development. ... A discriminant function analysis using the two factor scores indicated that Factor 1 discriminated the ADI-R groups, while Factor 2 scores did not add to the ability of Factor 1 scores to discriminate the ADI-R groups. Furthermore, while the finding that joint attention behaviours differentiated children with ASD from children with typical development and children with delayed development, more research is needed to determine if this impairment is a precursor of a theory of mind deficit or if this impairment and later appearing impairments in theory of mind are the result of a more global impairment in social-emotional approach behaviours. Additional research is also needed to determine the relationship between the early appearing deficits in joint attention and the impairments in social relating behaviours that appear to develop later in the chronology of ASD development and how both of these relate to the theory of mind hypothesis of ASD.
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McDonough, Michael C. "Adult attentional functioning in families with children diagnosed as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618398.
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The purpose of this study was to explore what differences, if any, existed between individuals and families with or without children diagnosed as Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Information was gathered to identify subjects according to such demographic and situational variables as age, race, education, occupation, income, and performance on tasks requiring sustained attention and concentration. to further understand possible etiology each subject completed a neuropsychological battery. Collected data was analyzed to determine if the differences were significant.;The subjects were selected from the author's private practice and the local churches and schools that refer to that practice. Each subject completed a biographical questionnaire, the Gordon Diagnostic System (GDS) and the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, Form I, Adult version (LNNB). Chi-square analysis, t-tests, and difference of proportions tests were used to examine the collected data.;The groups were similar in terms of age. There were no statistically significant differences between groups on the LNNB. Several of the differences on the GDS measures of vigilance and distractibility did not achieve statistical significance.;Significant differences were noted on variables including education levels, response times during measures of sustained attention, concentration and distractibility, and historical behavioral checklists. A trend analysis of the findings was offered suggesting visual processing as contributing to the delays in response time. The performance of individuals demonstrating problems with attention, concentration, and distractibility revealed significant problems with writing and mathematics. Implications, conclusions, and suggestions for further research were offered.
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Hilbert, A., D. Petroff, P. Neuhaus, and R. Schmidt. "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents with an Age-Adapted Diagnosis of Binge-Eating Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial." S. Karger, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75716.
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Binge-eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent objective binge eating that occurs in the absence of compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. As the most common eating disorder emerging in youth, BED co-occurs with increased eating disorder and general psychopathology, impaired quality of life, and
obesity [1]. Despite its clinical significance, there is a dearth of treatment studies in adolescents [1, 2]. Regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the most well-established treatment for adults with BED [2], one pilot randomized-controlled trial (RCT) in 25 adolescent girls with objective binge eating suggested superiority to wait-list (WL) in achieving binge-eating abstinence through 6
months following randomization and in improving eating disorder psychopathology, but not in reducing binge eating or standardized body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) [3]. Other CBT-related RCTs documented efficacy of Internet-based, weight loss-oriented self-help versus WL [4] and no differences in dialectical behavior therapy versus weight management [5]. Based on this preliminary
evidence, the aim of the BEDA (Binge Eating Disorder in Adolescents) study was to provide a confirmatory test of the efficacy of CBT in adolescent BED. It was hypothesized that CBT will be superior to WL in improving binge eating, associated psychopathology, and quality of life, but not BMI, with long-term maintenance
of effects.
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Du, Preez Shereen. "Depressogenic cognitive schemas, levels of depression and hopelessness among individuals diagnosed with unipolar mood disorder." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1074.
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While mood disorders rank within the top ten disabilities worldwide, there has been limited research done on cognitive schemas and the role they play in the development of mood disorders in South Africa. Cognitive conceptualisations of depression typically emphasize the schema-based automatic processing of information. Beck (1967, 1976 & 1987) suggested that schematically driven automatic thinking is a key element in depressive disorders. Research in the field of depression has identified cognitive schemas as a factor which increases an individual’s diathesis to depression. The primary aim of this research is to explore and describe maladaptive cognitive schemas, hopelessness and levels of depression amongst individuals diagnosed with Unipolar Mood Disorder. A further aim of the research has been to explore the relationship between maladaptive cognitive schemas and hopelessness as a diathesis to depression. In order to achieve the objectives, data was collected from a sample of 50 inpatients diagnosed with Unipolar Mood Disorder. The following measures were used: Young’s Schema Questionnaire, Beck's Depression Inventory – 2nd edition and Beck’s Hopelessness Scale. The research is quantitative in nature and takes the form of an exploratory-descriptive study. Data has been analysed by means of descriptive statistics in order to identify the mean, ranges and standard deviation of the measures used. Cross-tabulations have been used to further explore the relationship between the variables mentioned above. It was found that a statistically significant correlation exists between the BDI, BHS and YSQ. Maladaptive cognitive schemas were found to have a strong positive correlation 4 to depression, whereas hopelessness was found to have a less significant role in Unipolar Mood Disorder. The most significant schemas found in relation to hopelessness, were the Social Isolation, Unrelenting Standards and Pessimism schemas. With regards to depression, the most significant schemas were found to be Mistrust, Practical Incompetence, Vulnerability, Subjugation, Self-Sacrifice, Emotional Inhibition, Unrelenting Standards, Entitlement, Insufficient Self-Control, Admiration, Pessimism and Self-Punitiveness. All the above mentioned variables proved to have a statistically significant relationship. The findings of this research study are for the most part consistent with the literature on depression, hopelessness and cognitive vulnerabilities, and all of the above mentioned concepts have been found to be related.
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de, Sousa Paulo Alexandre Brito. "Testing the role of social isolation and social cognition in thought disorder in service users diagnosed with psychosis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3026447/.
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Carlbring, Per. "Panic! Its Prevalence, Diagnosis and Treatment via the Internet." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4148.
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Chambers, Stuart Alva. "Short-Burst-High-Intensity Exercise to Improve Working Memory in Preadolescent Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, Piedmont College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111590.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most challenging children’s public health concerns today. Children diagnosed with ADHD struggle more academically and are at a significant risk of lower academic achievement, increased grade-level retention, and additional diagnoses of learning disabilities. Symptoms of ADHD primarily arise from deficits in specific executive function (EF) domains, one of which is working memory (WM). Children diagnosed are impaired on tasks that specifically measure WM capacity and short-term visuo-spatial memory. In this study, four fifth-grade students diagnosed with ADHD were administered a variety of assessments. WM was measured through a math vocabulary recall, visuo-spatial WM via a computerized Corsi Block Tapping Test, and WM capacity was assessed through an Operation Span Task. In addition, on-task behavior was determined using the partial interval recording process with overall mathematical skill based knowledge being evaluated through a pre and post assessment. Using the ABAB Withdrawal Single-Case Research Design, a 10-min intervention of short burst high intensity exercise was introduced. Participants were assessed each session (daily) and exhibited improvement on all measurements during the intervention conditions of the study.
The results suggest that a vigorous 10-min daily regime of short-burst-high-intensity exercise improves the working memory and on-task behavior of preadolescent children diagnosed with ADHD.
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Danielsson, Katarina. "Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder : Prevalence, Diagnostic aspects, Associated factors and Treatment concepts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Psykiatri, Akademiska sjukhuset, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-299887.
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Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) is the most common circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Persons with DSPD have great difficulties falling asleep and waking up at conventional times. To diagnose DSPD this delayed sleep-wake rhythm should cause social impairment and distress for the individual. Evening melatonin and morning bright light are the recommended treatments. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate at-home treatment with Light therapy (LT) and the feasibility of adding cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) to LT in DSPD, furthermore prevalence, diagnostic aspects and associated factors were investigated. Study I included 673 randomly selected individuals aged 16–26 years. The prevalence of DSPD was 4.0%. Unemployment (defined as an absence of educational or work activities) and an elevated level of anxiety were associated with DSPD. In study II, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured in healthy adults. Time for DLMO DLMO (Mean±SD) was 20:58±55 minutes. Studies III, IV, and V present results from a randomized controlled trial examining the feasibility of CBT as an additive treatment to LT with scheduled rise times, in persons with DSPD. Sleep onset and sleep offset was significantly advanced from baseline (03:00±1:20; 10:22±2:02 respectively) to the end of LT (01:27±1:41; 08:05±1:29, p<0.001 respectively). This advancement was predicted by consistent daily usage of the LT-lamp. At the follow-ups after LT and CBT or LT alone, sleep onset remained stable, sleep offset was delayed, and sleep difficulties were further improved, but there was no significant group interaction over time. There was a significant group interaction over time in the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, both in favor of the LT+CBT group. Conclusively, DSPD was common among adolescents and young adults and it was associated with unemployment and elevated levels of anxiety. DLMO appeared in the expected time range in healthy working adults. At-home treatment with LT with scheduled rise times advanced sleep-wake rhythm and improved sleep difficulties in DSPD. Even though sleep-wake rhythm was not further advanced or better preserved in the participants that received LT+CBT compared to LT alone, the addition of CBT to the treatment regimen was feasible and well accepted.
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Ivanova, N. M. "Anxiety-depressive disorders and cognitive impairment in patients with the consequences of transferred acute cerebrovascular accident. features of early diagnosis and treatment." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18744.
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Toledo, Cíntia Matsuda. "Análise de aspectos micro e macrolinguísticos da narrativa de indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer, comprometimento cognitivo leve e sem comprometimentos cognitivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-11092017-133850/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento da população é uma tendência social conhecida em países desenvolvidos e cada vez mais pronunciada em países em desenvolvimento. A demência é considerada um dos principais problemas de saúde devido ao rápido crescimento populacional de idosos, sendo os distúrbios de linguagem considerados importantes nesses quadros. O discurso tem ganhado destaque para a identificação dos distúrbios linguísticos nas demências assim como no seguimento desses pacientes. A caracterização das diferenças pode auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial e contribuir para a criação de ferramentas futuras que auxiliem na intervenção clínica e ajudem a evitar a evolução e/ou progressão dos quadros demenciais. O processo de transcrição e análise do discurso é bastante laborioso, desta forma o uso de métodos computacionais tem auxiliado na identificação e extração de características linguísticas. OBJETIVO: identificar alterações em aspectos micro e macrolinguísticos que diferenciem indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer, comprometimento cognitivo leve e idosos sem comprometimento cognitivo na tarefa de narrativa de figuras em sequência e explorar a ferramenta computacional (Coh-Metrix-Dementia) para análise do discurso desses sujeitos. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 60 indivíduos, sendo 20 em cada grupo de pesquisa (doença de Alzheimer leve - GDA, comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico - GCCLa e controle - GC). Os indivíduos foram solicitados a enunciar uma narrativa baseada em 22 cenas em sequência, que retratam a história da \"Cinderela\". Foram aplicados também os seguintes testes linguístico-cognitivos: Fluência Verbal, Teste de Nomeação do Boston e Camel and Cactus test. Utilizou-se o Coh-Metrix- Dementia para extração automática das métricas. RESULTADOS: Os valores extraídos pelo Coh-Metrix-Dementia foram tratados estatisticamente sendo possível levantar métricas capazes de distinguir os grupos estudados. Em relação aos aspectos microlinguísticos destacaram-se a redução nas habilidades sintáticas, maior dificuldade no resgate verbal, discursos com menor coesão e coerência local no GDA. No nível macrolinguístico o GDA apresentou os discursos menos informativos, com maior prejuízo em relação a coerência global e maior número de modalizações. O GDA também apresentou maior comprometimento da estrutura narrativa. Não foi possível discriminar o GCCLa e GC em nenhuma métrica do discurso deste estudo. Foram feitas adaptações em relação a segmentação das sentenças para um melhor funcionamento da ferramenta computacional. CONCLUSÃO: Os indivíduos do GDA apresentaram discursos com maior comprometimento macro e microestrutural. O uso da ferramenta computacional se mostrou um importante aliado para análises discursivasINTRODUCTION: Population aging is a social trend known in developed countries and increasingly pronounced in developing countries. Dementia is considered one of the main health problems due to the rapid population growth of the elderly, and language disorders are considered important in these settings. The discourse is important for the identification of linguistic disorders in dementias as well as in the follow-up of these patients. The discourse differences characterization can help on the differential diagnosis and contribute to the creation of future tools for clinical intervention and help prevent the evolution and/or progression of dementia. The transcription and discourse analysis are laborius, thus the use of computational methods helped in the identification and extraction of linguistic characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify changes in micro and macrolinguistic aspects that differentiate individuals with Alzheimer\'s disease, mild cognitive impairment and healthy elderly individuals during narrative of figures in sequence and to explore the computational tool (Coh-Metrix-Dementia) to analyze the subjects\' discourse. METHODS: 60 subjects were evaluated, 20 of them in each research group (mild Alzheimer\'s disease - GDA, amnestic cognitive impairment - GCCLa and control - CG). The subjects were asked to construct a narrative based on sequence of pictures, about the \"Cinderella´s Story\". The following linguistic-cognitive tests were also applied: Verbal Fluency, Boston Naming Test, and Camel and Cactus test. Coh-Metrix-Dementia was used for automatic metrics extraction. RESULTS: The values extracted by Coh-Metrix-Dementia were statistically treated and it was possible to obtain metrics capable of distinguishing the studied groups. In relation to the microlinguistic aspects, it was found the reduction in syntactic abilities, greater difficulty in verbal rescue, discourses with less cohesion and local coherence in the GDA. In the macrolinguistic level the GDA presented the less informative discourses, with greater loss in global coherence and the greater number of modalizations. The GDA also presented greater impairment on narrative structure. It was not possible to discriminate GCCLa and GC in any discourse´s metric in this study tool functioning. CONCLUSION: The GDA subjects presented discourses with greater macro and microstructural impairment. The computational tool usage proved to be an important ally for discursive analysis
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Polotskaia, Anna. "Response of motor and cognitive speed to increasing doses of methylphenidate in children diagnosed with attention deficithyperactivity disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116112.
Full textAbstract:
This study has examined the effect of 3 doses of Methylphenidate (MPH) on the speed of motor and cognitive performance in children diagnosed with ADHD. Thirty children clinically diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) aged 6-12 years were recruited through the ADHD Clinic and the Severe and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Program at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute. The three doses of MPH were administered according to a double blind randomized cross-over three day trial (0.3; 0.5 0.8 mg/kg/day in a bid schedule). An improvement across all three doses of MPH on motor, cognitive and behavioural measures was observed. The improvement is significant at low doses of MPH and an increase of dose up to 0.8 mg/kg/day does not lead to further improvement of the speed of simple motor task, but might be beneficial to specific cognitive tasks. No deterioration was observed in association with higher doses of MPH.
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Hudson, Christine V. "The Cross-Validation of AD/HD Instruments and the Relationship to Neurocognitive and Behavioral Measures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3182/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine the construct validities of comparable AD/HD instruments that were developed according to our current, DSM-IV classification system for AD/HD; and to identify potential +neurocognitive and socioemotional markers for AD/HD. The sample consisted of 145 children ages 8 to 11 years of age who were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), or Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). Children were administered a battery of neurocognitive tests and completed a self-report measure of personality. Parents completed several, AD/HD instruments pertaining to their children. The AD/HD instruments used in this study were the Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale-Home Version (ADDES), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT), and the Attention Problems and Hyperactivity scales from the BASC-Monitor (BASC-M). Of interest was how each AD/HD instrument compared to the DSM-IV, particularly in terms of the cross-consistency of AD/HD subtype classifications. The findings showed that the AD/HD instruments classified participants differently from the initial, DSM-IV entry diagnosis. Rates of agreement were better for some of the AD/HD instruments than for others yet there was little overall consistency. The neurocognitive measures used in the study were the Cognitive Assessment System-Basic Battery scales. The socioemotional measures used in the study were two parent-report scales from the BASC-M (Internalizing Problems and Adaptive Skills), and the child report scales from the BASC-Self Report of Personality. Results showed that the neurocognitive measures were relatively insensitive to AD/HD symptomatology while a nearly opposite trend was observed on the socioemotional measures. For the most part, participants classified as the ADHD-Combined Type (ADHD-CT), (regardless of which AD/HD instrument was used) had the most significant impairment in areas of social functioning and emotional symptoms across parent and self-reports.
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Hester, Kealey A. "The impact of a cognitive behavioral self-control program on behaviors of children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26654.
Full textAbstract:
Medication and psychotherapy have been used traditionally to treat the symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of a cognitive behavioural self-control program, Orlick's (1998) Positive-Living Skills (PLS) program on three male children ages 8 to 9-years-old with ADHD.
The PLS program teaches children skills including relaxation, focus and distraction control. A multiple case study method was administered to determine (a) whether the participants enjoyed the PLS programs; (b) the extent to which the skills were implemented by the children on a daily basis; and (c) the effectiveness of the skills in facilitating self-control behaviour management by the participants.
Results indicated that the participants learned relaxation, focus and distraction control skills to manage ADHD behaviours. Two of the three participants were able to generalize the skills to daily life, and the third participant found the skills worked for him, but that he sometimes had difficulty applying the skills independently.